Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Reducing Methane Emissions from Landfill Gas) Methodology Determination 2025

Part 1—Preliminary

1  Name

2  Commencement

3  Authority

4  Schedules

5  Duration

6  Definitions

7  Meaning of monitoring and control system

8  Meaning of existing enhanced project

9  Meaning of existing upgrade project

10  References to factors and parameters from external sources

Part 2—Landfill gas capture and destruction projects

11  Landfill gas capture and destruction projects

Part 3—Project requirements

12  Operation of this Part

Division 2—General project requirements

13  Project activities

14  Project types

15  Project sub-types for non-biomethane and biomethane conversion and displacement projects

16  Classification of a project as project type and sub-type

17  Information required for project applications

18  Requirements for projects involving landfill gas capture for biomethane or emissions destruction

Division 3—Requirements for project types and sub-types

19  Requirements for non-biomethane projects

20  Application requirements for biomethane conversion and displacement projects, biomethane displacement only projects and restarting biomethane displacement only projects

21  Requirements for existing enhanced projects

22  Application requirements for upgrade projects and existing upgrade projects

23  Requirements for flaring only projects

24  Requirements for flaring only projects (small and regional landfill)

25  Requirements for restarting flaring only projects

Division 4—Newness and additionality

26  Requirement in lieu of newness requirement for new projects

27  Requirement in lieu of newness requirement for restarting biomethane displacement only projects

28  Requirement in lieu of newness requirement for upgrade projects

29  Requirement in lieu of additionality requirement

Division 5—Crediting period for projects

30  Crediting period for projects

Part 4—Net abatement amount

31  Operation of this Part

32  What can be included in calculating net abatement

33  Working out net abatement

34  Inputs and parameters

Division 2—Working out conversion abatement

Subdivision 1—Overview

35  Overview of gases accounted for in conversion abatement calculations

Subdivision 2—Method for calculating net conversion abatement amount

36  Simplified outline of this Subdivision

37  Net conversion abatement amount

Subdivision 3—Method for calculating project conversion abatement

38  Simplified outline of this Subdivision

39  Project conversion abatement

40  Methane combusted or taken to be combusted that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste

41  Proportion of methane combusted or taken to be combusted that was not generated from carbon tax waste

42  Methane combusted or taken to be combusted

43  Methane sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system

44  Methane combusted that was not generated from carbon tax waste (and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated by non-legacy waste) and that would have been oxidised in near surface conditions

45  Methane destroyed in biomethane produced by project biomethane facilities

46  Biomethane production loss factor

Division 3—Method for calculating baseline conversion abatement

47  Simplified outline of this Division

48  Baseline conversion abatement

49  Proportion of methane that would have been combusted without the project—new projects

50  Proportion of methane that would have been combusted without the project—upgrade projects, existing enhanced projects or restarting flaring only projects

51  Proportion of methane that would have been combusted without the project—existing upgrade projects

Division 4—Project emissions from landfill gas capture for biomethane

52  Simplified outline of this Division

53  Project emissions from landfill gas capture for biomethane—conversion and displacement abatement

54  Emissions from fuel use for landfill gas capture for biomethane

55  Emissions from purchased electricity use—conversion abatement

Part 5—Working out displacement abatement

Division 1—Overview of gases

56  Overview of gases accounted for in displacement abatement calculations

Division 2—Method for calculating net displacement abatement amount

57  Simplified outline of this Division

58  Net displacement abatement amount

59  Project biomethane facility net abatement amount

60  Certain abatement must not be included in calculating net abatement amount

Division 3—Gross abatement amount

61  Simplified outline of this Division

62  Gross abatement amount for a project biomethane facility

Division 4—Eligible abatement fraction

63  Simplified outline of this Division

64  Eligible abatement fraction for a project biomethane facility

65  Determining the quantity of eligible biogas from a biogas source

Division 5—Displacement abatement project emissions

66  Simplified outline of this Division

67  Project emissions—displacement abatement

68  Emissions from fuel use—displacement abatement

69  Emissions from purchased electricity use—displacement abatement

Part 6—Monitoring, record-keeping and reporting requirements

Division 1—Offsets report requirements

70  Operation of this Division

71  Required information for offsets reports—general information

72  Required information for offsets reports—net abatement calculations

73  Required information for offsets reports—details of certain project changes

74  Required information for offsets reports—determination of certain factors and parameters

75  Required information for offsets reports—monitored parameters

76  Requirement for projects to calculate regulatory proportion for reporting period

Division 2—Monitoring requirements

77  Operation of this Division

78  Requirements to monitor certain parameters

79  Consequences of not meeting requirement to monitor certain parameters

Schedule 1—Determining regulatory proportion

Part 1—Operation of this Schedule

1  Operation of this Schedule

Part 2—Regulatory proportion determined on basis of State or Territory licence conditions

2  References to State or Territory licence

3  Operation of this Part

4  Reporting periods for which regulatory proportion must be worked out

5  Licence condition relating to methane concentration limit or methane flux rate

6  Licence condition relating to methane concentration limit or methane flux rate—annual amount of methane permitted to be emitted

7  Licence condition relating to methane concentration limit or methane flux rate—annual amount of methane permitted to be emitted from final and intermediate cover

8  Licence condition relating to methane concentration limit or methane flux rate—annual amount of methane permitted to be emitted from daily/operational cover

9  Licence condition relating to landfill gas collection or release

Part 3—Regulatory proportion determined by asking State or Territory environmental regulator

10  Regulatory proportion determined by asking State or Territory environmental regulator

Part 4—Regulatory proportion determined by independent expert

11  Regulatory proportion determined by independent expert

Schedule 2—Revocations

Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Electricity Generation from Landfill Gas) Methodology Determination 2021

Part 1—Preliminary

1  Name

  This instrument is the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Reducing Methane Emissions from Landfill Gas) Methodology Determination 2025.

2  Commencement

1.    Each provision of this instrument specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.

• Commencement information
• Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
• Provisions Commencement Date/Details
• 1. The whole of this instrument The day after this instrument is registered.

Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this instrument as originally made. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this instrument.

1.    Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this instrument. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this instrument.

3  Authority

  This instrument is made under subsections 106(1) and 123(1) of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011.

4  Schedules

  Each instrument that is specified in a Schedule to this instrument is amended or revoked as set out in the applicable items in the Schedule concerned, and any other item in a Schedule to this instrument has effect according to its terms.

5  Duration

This instrument remains in force for the period that:

1.     begins when this instrument commences; and
2.     ends on the day before this instrument would otherwise be repealed under subsection 50(1) of the Legislation Act 2003.

6  Definitions

Note: A number of expressions used in this instrument are defined in, or have the meaning given by, the Act, including the following:

1.      applicable methodology determination;
2.      Australian carbon credit unit;
3.      carbon abatement;
4.      carbon dioxide equivalent;
5.      crediting period;
6.       eligible carbon abatement;
7.      eligible offsets project;
8.      emission;
9.        greenhouse gas;
10.        offsets project;
11.      offsets report;
12.        project;
13.    project proponent;
14.      Regulator;
15.      reporting period.

  In this instrument:

Act means the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011.

anaerobic digestion means a biological process in which organic matter is broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen.

biogas means a mixture of gases, including methane, that is generated as a result of anaerobic digestion and includes landfill gas.

biogas source facility, in relation to a project, means a facility that supplies biogas to be treated as part of the project so as to produce biomethane, and includes:

1.     a facility producing biogas for a project biomethane facility; and
2.     if biogas is produced at a project biomethane facility—that project biomethane facility.

Note: A biomethane facility can be its own biogas source facility if the biomethane facility also produces biogas to be treated by carrying out biomethane production.

biogas upgrading means the process by which biogas is refined and stripped of impurities to produce biomethane, which may include (but is not limited to) one or more of the following:

1.     pre-treatment processing of biogas; or
2.     the drying or scrubbing of biogas; or
3.     post-treatment compression of the refined biomethane produced by the process.

biogas upgrading system means a system of equipment that is capable of undertaking biogas upgrading.

biogas waste means putrescible organic waste material that can be treated through anaerobic digestion to produce biogas.

biomethane means a high-methane content gas that is:

1.     produced by biogas upgrading; and
2.     suitable for use as a natural gas substitute.

biomethane conversion and displacement project means a project that:

1.     involves the installation of one or more biogas upgrading systems at a project biomethane facility; and
2.     if involving landfill gas capture for biomethane, also involves biomethane production.

biomethane displacement only project means a project that:

1.     involves the installation of one or more biogas upgrading systems at a project biomethane facility; and
2.     involves biomethane production; and
3.     does not involve landfill gas capture for biomethane or emissions destruction; and
4.     is not a restarting biomethane displacement only project.

biomethane facility means a facility:

1.     at which biomethane production is undertaken or intended to be undertaken; and
2.     from which the resulting biomethane is sent, or is proposed to be sent, to an end use where it can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute.

Note 1: If biogas upgrading occurs at the project landfill, the project landfill may also be a biomethane facility.

Note 2: Biomethane facilities that are used in a landfill gas capture and destruction project that involve landfill gas capture for biomethane become known as “project biomethane facilities”.

biomethane production means:

1.     treating biogas, some of which has a landfill gas component, by biogas upgrading at a project biomethane facility to produce biomethane, with or without biogas produced from other biogas waste; and
2.     sending the biomethane to an end use where it can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute.

Note 1: Acceptable end uses may include sale and transport to a gas retailer or gas consumer, or onsite combustion for heat or power.

Note 2: Combustion of biomethane may occur onsite at the biomethane facility, or offsite if the biomethane is transported from the biomethane facility to an end user. This may be through injection into a gas distribution or transmission network, transport via road, or another gas transport mechanism.

biomethane project means a biomethane conversion and displacement project, a biomethane displacement only project or a restarting biomethane displacement only project.

carbon tax waste, in relation to a landfill site, means waste that was deposited in the landfill site between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2014.

CEO statement means a written statement by a person occupying the role of, or that is equivalent to, the chief executive officer or chief financial officer of the project proponent for a project.

classification, of a project as a project type or project sub-type—see sections 14 to 16.

closed landfill means a landfill site that has stopped receiving waste.

collection efficiency, of a landfill gas collection system used for a project landfill, means the proportion of landfill gas generated by the project landfill that is collected and combusted by the landfill gas collection system, expressed as a percentage.

combustion device means a flare, boiler or internal combustion engine that, when operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications:

1.     achieves the complete combustion of methane; and
2.    has a functional monitoring and control system.

complete: the combustion of landfill gas or biomethane is complete if the combustion has a destruction efficiency of 98% or more of the methane in the landfill gas or biomethane.

conversion abatement, in relation to a project, means the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for the project for a reporting period (worked out in accordance with Division 2 of Part 4) attributable to the conversion of methane (CH4) to carbon dioxide (CO2) by carrying out:

1.    landfill gas capture for biomethane; or
2.    emissions destruction.

Note: Landfill gas capture for biomethane involves sending landfill gas to a biogas upgrading system to be turned into biomethane. This landfill gas is considered to have its methane component converted to carbon dioxide, as if it had been sent to a combustion device, because subsequent usage of the biomethane results in its combustion.

daily/operational cover, in relation to a project landfill, means the area of the landfill normally covered by material used to cover a day’s deposition of waste in active landfill waste disposal areas of the landfill.

designated large facility has the meaning given by the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007.

displacement abatement, in relation to a project, means the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for the project for a reporting period (worked out in accordance with Division 2 of Part 5) attributable to biomethane production.

earlier determination, in relation to a project, means:

1.     the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Landfill Gas) Methodology Determination 2015; or
2.     the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Electricity Generation from Landfill Gas) Methodology Determination 2021;

as in effect when that methodology determination became the applicable methodology determination for the project.

electricity generation and flaring project means a project that:

1.    collects landfill gas and combusts it in an electricity generator; and
2.    may combust landfill gas in a flare at any time that electricity generation is not viable (including for commercial reasons).

eligible biogas means:

1.     biogas produced from eligible biogas waste; or
2.     landfill gas.

eligible biogas waste means biogas waste that is:

1.     domestic or commercial wastewater or industrial wastewater within the meaning of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Domestic, Commercial and Industrial Wastewater) Methodology Determination 2015; or
2.     mixed solid waste within the meaning of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Alternative Waste Treatment) Methodology Determination 2015; or
3.     eligible organic material within the meaning of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Source Separated Organic Waste) Methodology Determination 2016; or
4.     eligible animal effluent biogas waste within the meaning of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Animal Effluent Management) Methodology Determination 2019.

Note: The proportion of eligible biogas waste used to generate biogas to be treated by biomethane production as part of the project must be able to be determined.

emissions destruction means:

1.     collecting landfill gas; and
2.     destroying the proportion of the biogas that is methane using a combustion device.

existing enhanced project—see section 8.

existing upgrade project—see section 9.

final cover, in relation to a project landfill, means the area of the landfill normally covered by material used to cover previously active landfill waste disposal areas of the landfill that have reached final height and are unlikely to be used for waste disposal again.

flaring only project means a project that:

1.     involves emissions destruction; and
2.     combusts landfill gas only with a flare; and
3.     does not generate electricity after its classification as a flaring only project.

  flaring only project (small and regional landfill) means a project:

1.     that involves emissions destruction; and
2.     that combusts landfill gas only with a flare; and
3.     that does not generate electricity after its classification as a flaring only project (small and regional landfill); and
4.     the project landfill for which is in an outer regional, remote or very remote area (within the meaning of the Remoteness Areas ASGS).

forerunner project, in relation to a restarting biomethane displacement only project—see the definition of restarting biomethane displacement only project.

intermediate cover, in relation to a project landfill, means the area of the landfill normally covered by material used to cover previously active landfill working areas that will not be used for waste disposal for an extended period of time (typically a few weeks to a few months).

landfill gas means gas generated from anaerobic decomposition of biological material from a project landfill.

landfill gas capture and destruction project—see section 11.

landfill gas capture for biomethane means:

1.     collecting landfill gas; and
2.     sending that landfill gas to a biogas upgrading system that is part of a project biomethane facility.

Note: Conversion abatement from landfill gas capture for biomethane only occurs when biomethane produced from landfill gas as part of the project can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute.

landfill gas collection system means a system to collect and combust landfill gas.

landfill site means a site where waste is or was buried in accordance with a State or Territory licence.

legacy waste means waste accepted by a landfill site before 1 July 2016.

monitoring and control system—see section 7.

monitoring requirements means the requirements set out in Division 2 of Part 6.

natural gas means a substance that:

1.     is in a gaseous state at standard temperature and pressure; and
2.     consists of naturally occurring hydrocarbons, or a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons, the principal constituent of which is methane; and
3.     is suitable for consumption.

new project means a project that involves:

1.     the installation of a landfill gas collection system for a project landfill, if no such system has previously been installed for that landfill; or
2.     the combustion, in an electricity generator, of landfill gas from  a project landfill, if that landfill has not previously been used to produce electricity.

NGA Factors document means the document entitled “National Greenhouse Accounts Factors” published by the Department, as existing from time to time.

Note:  The NGA Factors document could in 2025 be viewed on the Department’s website (https://www.dcceew.gov.au).

NGER (Measurement) Determination means the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008.

non-biomethane project means a landfill gas capture and destruction project that involves the carrying out of only the emissions destruction type of project activities.

non-legacy waste means waste that is not legacy waste.

non-monitored period—see section 79.

non-safeguard LFG project means a landfill gas capture and destruction project that is not a safeguard LFG project.

open landfill means a landfill site that continues to receive waste.

project activity means an activity of a type mentioned in section 13.

project biomethane facility, in relation to a project that involves biomethane production, means a biomethane facility used in carrying out the project.

Note: The section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to a biomethane conversion and displacement project or a biomethane displacement only project, and the section 22 application in relation to a restarting biomethane displacement only project, must include details of at least one project biomethane facility (see paragraph 18(2)(c)).

project emissions means project emissions for the purposes of sections 53 and 67.

project landfill—see section 11.

project sub-type—see section 15.

project type—see section 14.

Remoteness Areas ASGS means the document entitled “Remoteness Areas: Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Edition 3” for the reference period of July 2021—June 2026, published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics on 21 March 2023, as existing from time to time.

Note:  The Remoteness Areas ASGS could in September 2025 be viewed on the Australian Bureau of Statistics website (https://www.abs.gov.au).

restarting biomethane displacement only project means a project that:

1.     uses a biomethane facility that was part of an eligible offsets project (the forerunner project):

2.      that involved biomethane production; and

3.    for which the applicable methodology determination was this instrument, as in effect when it became so applicable, or the earlier determination in relation to the forerunner project; and

4. for which the crediting period has ended; and

5.     involves biomethane production; and

6.     has a crediting period greater than zero (see section 30).

restarting flaring only project: a project is a restarting flaring only project if:

1.     the project landfill for the project was previously the project landfill for an eligible offsets project:
2.      that involved emissions destruction; and
3.    for which the applicable methodology determination was this instrument, as in effect when it became so applicable; and
4.     the project combusts landfill gas only with a flare; and
5.     the project does not generate electricity after its classification as a restarting flaring only project; and
6.     the crediting period for the project is greater than zero (see section 30).

safeguard LFG project means a landfill gas capture and destruction project:

1.     for which the project landfill, at and after the making of the section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to the project, is a designated large facility; or
2.     if the project landfill becomes such a facility after the making of the section 22 or section 128 application—that the project proponent elects to classify as a safeguard LFG project (in accordance with section 16).

Note: The classification of such projects under this instrument has no effect on requirements in relation to designated large facilities in the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007, instruments made under that Act, or the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Rule 2015.

section 22 application, in relation to an offsets project, means an application under section 22 of the Act to declare the project as an eligible offsets project covered by this instrument.

section 128 application, in relation to an eligible offsets project, means an application under section 128 of the Act to apply this instrument to the project from the start of a specified reporting period under the earlier determination in relation to the project.

State or Territory licence, in relation to a project landfill in a State or Territory, means a licence or other permission (however described) issued in respect of the landfill by the relevant environmental authority (the State or Territory environmental regulator) of that State or Territory.

sub-facility zone has the same meaning as in the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

upgrade project means a project that:

1.     involves a project landfill or project biomethane facility in relation to which no Australian carbon credit units were issued under section 11 of the Act for the 4-year period ending immediately before the making of the section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to the project; and
2.     treats collected gas by emissions destruction or landfill gas capture for biomethane.

7  Meaning of monitoring and control system

1.    A monitoring and control system, for a flare, is a system that consists of:

2.     a monitoring system that detects the flame of the flare and monitors whether the flare is operating to the manufacturer’s specifications for the complete combustion of methane; and

3.     an associated control system that shuts down landfill gas flow to the flare either when no flame is detected or when the flare is not operating to those specifications.

Note: An example of a monitoring and control system for a flare is a flare management system that incorporates a UV detection sensor.

1.    A monitoring and control system, for a biogas upgrading system, is a system that:

2.     monitors the flow rate of landfill gas and biomethane; and

3.     monitors the operation and output of biogas upgrading systems; and

4.     is capable of automatically stopping biogas flow to the biogas upgrading system if the system is not operating to the manufacturer’s specifications to enable biogas upgrading.

5.    A monitoring and control system, for an electricity generator, is a system that consists of:

6.     a monitoring system that monitors whether the generator is operating to the manufacturer’s specifications for the complete combustion of methane; and

7.     an associated control system that shuts down landfill gas flow to the generator when it is not operating to those specifications.

8  Meaning of existing enhanced project

1.    A project is an existing enhanced project, from the relevant time, if:

2.     before the relevant time, the project was a project, other than an upgrade project or a transitioning (upgrade) project, covered by the earlier determination in relation to that former project; and

3.     the application of this instrument to the project is approved, under section 130 of the Act, from the start of a particular reporting period under that earlier determination (the relevant time); and

4.     the project is a biomethane conversion and displacement project, flaring only project or electricity generation and flaring project.

5.    The reporting period mentioned in paragraph (1)(b) is taken to be the first reporting period for the project under this instrument.

9  Meaning of existing upgrade project

1.    A project is an existing upgrade project, from the relevant time, if:

2.     before the relevant time, the project was an upgrade project or a transitioning (upgrade) project covered by the earlier determination in relation to that former project; and

3.     the application of this instrument to the project is approved, under section 130 of the Act, from the start of a particular reporting period under that earlier determination (the relevant time).

4.    The reporting period mentioned in paragraph (1)(b) is taken to be the first reporting period for the project under this instrument. 

10  References to factors and parameters from external sources

1.    If:

 (a) a calculation required by this instrument, for a project for a reporting period, includes a factor or parameter; and

 (b) the factor or parameter is defined in, or worked out by reference to a method in, another instrument or writing;

  the project proponent for the project must, in undertaking the calculation for the reporting period, ascertain the factor or parameter by reference to the version of the instrument or writing in force at the end of the reporting period.

1.    Subsection (1) does not apply if:

2.  this instrument specifies otherwise; or

3. it is not possible to ascertain the factor or parameter by reference to that version of the instrument or writing.

4.    If paragraph (2)(b) applies, the proponent must:

5.     ascertain the factor or parameter by reference to an earlier version of the instrument or writing; or

6.     make a conservative estimate of the factor or parameter by reference to the following, as applicable:

7.      any applicable measurement or estimation approaches or requirements in the NGER (Measurement) Determination;

8.    any relevant historical data for the project, or other project data that the proponent considers relevant;

9. any other matters that the proponent considers relevant.

Part 2—Landfill gas capture and destruction projects

11  Landfill gas capture and destruction projects

1.     For the purposes of paragraph 106(1)(a) of the Act, this instrument applies to an offsets project in which either or both of the following occur, in a way that can reasonably be expected to result in eligible carbon abatement:

2.     landfill gas from a landfill site is collected and treated in a way that destroys methane;

3.     landfill gas from a landfill site, with or without biogas produced from other biogas waste, is collected and treated by biogas upgrading at a project biomethane facility to produce biomethane which is then sent to an end use where it can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute.

4.     A project covered by subsection (1) is a landfill gas capture and destruction project.

5.     A landfill site mentioned in subsection (1) is the project landfill for the landfill gas capture and destruction project.

6.     Unless otherwise stated, a reference in this instrument to an eligible offsets project is a reference to a landfill gas capture and destruction project that is an eligible offsets project.

Part 3—Project requirements 

12  Operation of this Part

1.     For the purposes of paragraph 106(1)(b) of the Act, Divisions 2 and 3 of this Part set out the requirements that must be met for landfill gas capture and destruction projects to be eligible offsets projects. These requirements include specifications of project types and sub-types to which landfill gas capture and destruction projects must belong, and particular requirements relating to some project types and sub-types.

Note: The section 22 application in relation to a project must include details of how the project meets all relevant requirements set out in this instrument, including details of any sub-methods applicable to the project: see paragraphs 13(1)(d) and (n) of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Rule 2015. The section 128 application in relation to a project must include a statement that the project meets the requirements of the applicable methodology determination: see paragraph 90(e) of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Rule 2015.

1.     Division 4 of this Part specifies:

2.     for the purposes of subparagraph 27(4A)(a)(ii) of the Act, requirements in lieu of the newness requirement for certain projects; and

3.     for the purposes of subparagraph 27(4A)(b)(ii) of the Act, a requirement in lieu of the regulatory additionality requirement.

4.     For the purposes of paragraph 69(3)(b) of the Act, Division 5 of this Part specifies crediting periods for certain project types and project sub-types.

Division 2—General project requirements

13  Project activities

A landfill gas capture and destruction project must include one or more of the following types of activities:

1.     landfill gas capture for biomethane;
2.     biomethane production;
3.     emissions destruction.

14  Project types

1.      A landfill gas capture and destruction project must, at all times, be a project type mentioned in column 1 and a project type mentioned in column 2 of the following table. A project that is a project type is classified as that project type, if the classification occurs in accordance with section 16.

• Project types
• Column 1 Column 2
• Project types—biomethane status Project types—safeguard status
• non-biomethane project
• biomethane conversion and displacement project
• biomethane displacement only project
• restarting biomethane displacement only project - safeguard LFG project
• non-safeguard LFG project

1.      A project classified as a restarting biomethane displacement only project (see column 1 of the table in subsection (1)) must not subsequently be classified as any other project type in column 1.

15  Project sub-types for non-biomethane and biomethane conversion and displacement projects

Note: Biomethane displacement only projects and restarting biomethane displacement only projects do not have project sub-types as the net abatement for these project types does not involve conversion abatement.

1.     Subject to this section, each project classified as a non-biomethane project or biomethane conversion and displacement project must, at all times, be a project sub-type mentioned in column 1 and a project sub-type mentioned in column 2 of the following table. A project that is a project sub-type is classified as that project sub-type, if the classification occurs in accordance with section 16.

• Project sub-types
• Column 1 Column 2
• Project sub-types—origin status Project sub-types—combustion status
• new project
• upgrade project
• existing upgrade project
• existing enhanced project - electricity generation and flaring project
• flaring only project
• flaring only project (small and regional landfill)
• restarting flaring only project

1.     A non-biomethane project that is a restarting flaring only project (see column 2 of the table) is not required to be a project sub-type mentioned in column 1 of the table.
2.     A biomethane conversion and displacement project is not required to be a project sub-type mentioned in column 2 of the table.

16  Classification of a project as project type and sub-type

1.      A landfill gas capture and destruction project must be classified as a project type or project sub-type on each applicable day mentioned in subsection (2). The classification must be documented in the manner mentioned in respect of that day.

2.      For the purposes of subsection (1), the applicable days are:

3.     if the project is declared as an eligible offsets project covered by this instrument under section 27 of the Act—the day of the declaration (with the project types and sub-types being specified in the section 22 application in relation to the project); 

4.     if the application of this instrument to the project is approved under section 130 of the Act—the first day of the reporting period for which this instrument applies to the project (with the project types and sub-types being specified in the section 128 application in relation to the project);

5.     if the project changes its project type or sub-type during its crediting period—the first day of the reporting period for the whole of which the project meets all requirements for the new project type or sub-type (with the information required by section 73(1)(c) being included in the offsets report for that reporting period).

17  Information required for project applications

  The section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to a landfill gas capture and destruction project must:

1.     be accompanied by a copy of the State or Territory licence in relation to any project landfill for the project, as in force at the time of making the application; and

2.     include written evidence that the project proponent for the project intends:

3.      to combust landfill gas to generate electricity for use on-site, for supply to the grid, or both; or

4.    to treat landfill gas, with or without biogas produced from other biogas waste, by biogas upgrading at a project biomethane facility to produce biomethane which will then be sent to an end use where it can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute; or

5. to combust landfill gas in a flare; and

6.     specify the project type and project sub-type (as the case requires) to which the project belongs.

18  Requirements for projects involving landfill gas capture for biomethane or emissions destruction

  There must be only one project landfill for a landfill gas capture and destruction project that involves:

1.     landfill gas capture for biomethane; or
2.     emissions destruction.

Division 3—Requirements for project types and sub-types

19  Requirements for non-biomethane projects

Substantive requirements

(1)   The project landfill for a non-biomethane project must not also be the project landfill for another project that is:

 (a) a non-biomethane project or a biomethane conversion and displacement project under this instrument; or

  (b) covered by another methodology determination, but the same in substance as a project mentioned in paragraph (a).

Application requirements

 (2) The section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to a non-biomethane project must include a description of how inputs used for calculating net conversion abatement under this instrument will cover the whole of the project landfill.

20  Application requirements for biomethane conversion and displacement projects, biomethane displacement only projects and restarting biomethane displacement only projects

1.    This section applies to the following:

2.     the section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to a biomethane conversion and displacement project or biomethane displacement only project;

3.     the section 22 application in relation to a restarting biomethane displacement only project.

4.    The application must include the following information:

5.     which project activities will be carried out as part of the project;

6.     a description of at least one project biomethane facility in relation to the project, and the following details about each such project biomethane facility:

7.      the location of the facility;

8.    the capacity of the facility, in m3 of biomethane produced by the facility per calendar year;

9. any known proposal for the expansion of the facility over the course of the project;

10. the intended recipients of biomethane produced by the facility;

11.     the basis on which the project proponent is expected to comply with the requirements of this Part in respect of the facility;

12.     a description of at least one biogas upgrading system that will be used for the project, and details of its location;

13.     a declaration by the project proponent for the project that biomethane produced by project biomethane facilities can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute;

14.     a description as to how the project can reasonably be expected to result in eligible carbon abatement.

Note: In relation to paragraph (2)(b), note that biomethane facilities may be added to the project after its declaration as an eligible offsets project, provided that they are detailed in the relevant offsets report about the project: see section 73.

21  Requirements for existing enhanced projects

Substantive requirements

1.     The project proponent for an existing enhanced project must have invested in new infrastructure for the landfill gas collection system or biogas upgrading system for the project during the period that:

2.     started immediately after the project was declared as an eligible offsets project under the earlier determination in relation to the project; and

3.    ended immediately before the making of the section 128 application in relation to the project.

Application requirements

1.     The section 128 application in relation to the project must include a CEO statement certifying the following:

2.     that the project proponent intends to invest in further infrastructure for the landfill gas collection system or biogas upgrading system for the project, as the case requires;

3.    that such investment will contribute to the project’s carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount;

4.     that consultation undertaken by the project proponent with the owner and operator of the project landfill or project biomethane facility (as the case requires) and the State or Territory environmental regulator supports paragraphs (a) and (b);

5.    if the project landfill is, or is reasonably likely to become during the crediting period for the project, a designated large facility—that the operator of the landfill is aware of the effect of the safeguard provisions of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 in relation to carbon abatement of any covered emissions from the project landfill, and consents to the project on that basis.

22  Application requirements for upgrade projects and existing upgrade projects

1.    The section 22 or section 128 application in relation to an upgrade project must include a CEO statement certifying the following:

2.     that the proponent intends to invest in infrastructure for the landfill gas collection system or biogas upgrading system for the project, as the case requires;

3.    that such investment will contribute to the project’s eligible abatement;

4.     that consultation undertaken by the project proponent with the owner and operator of the project landfill or project biomethane facility (as the case requires) endorses the statements in paragraphs (a) and (b).

5.    If the project landfill for an existing upgrade project is, or is reasonably likely to become during the crediting period for the project, a designated large facility, the section 128 application in relation to the project must include a CEO statement certifying that the operator of the landfill is aware of the effect of the safeguard provisions of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 in relation to carbon abatement of any covered emissions from the project landfill, and consents to the project on that basis.

23  Requirements for flaring only projects

A flaring only project must be a project to which the following apply:

1.     the section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to the project includes a CEO statement certifying that, on the basis of modelling undertaken by the project proponent for the project within the period of 12 months immediately before the making of the section 22 application or section 128 application, the generation of electricity as part of the project is unlikely to provide a reasonable return on investment;
2.     there is no regulatory or contractual obligation which requires combustion of landfill gas from the project landfill beyond that which would have been combusted without the project;
3.     consultation undertaken by the project proponent with the owner and operator of the project landfill endorses the statements in paragraphs (a) and (b).

24  Requirements for flaring only projects (small and regional landfill)

A flaring only project (small and regional landfill) must be a project to which the following apply:

1.     the section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to the project includes a CEO statement certifying that, on the basis of modelling undertaken by the project proponent for the project within the period of 12 months immediately preceding the making of the section 22 application or section 128 application, the generation of electricity as part of the project is unlikely to provide a reasonable return on investment;

2.     in the 3-year period immediately preceding the making of the section 22 application or section 128 application:

3.      the average annual amount of waste received by the project landfill was less than 50,000 tonnes; and

4.    the project landfill was not previously the project landfill for any other eligible offsets project;

5.      consultation undertaken by the project proponent with the owner and operator of the project landfill endorses the statements in paragraphs (a) and (b).

25  Requirements for restarting flaring only projects

A restarting flaring only project must be a project to which the following apply:

1.     neither electricity generation nor biomethane production can or does occur in respect of emissions from the project landfill on and after the day that is:
2.      immediately before the day the section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to the project is made; or
3.    the start of the first reporting period for which the project is classified as a restarting flaring only project;
4.     consultation undertaken by the project proponent with the owner and operator of the project landfill supports paragraph (a).

Division 4—Newness and additionality

26  Requirement in lieu of newness requirement for new projects

For the purposes of subparagraph 27(4A)(a)(ii) of the Act, the requirement in lieu of the newness requirement, for a new project, is that the project is a new project.

27  Requirement in lieu of newness requirement for restarting biomethane displacement only projects

For the purposes of subparagraph 27(4A)(a)(ii) of the Act, the requirements in lieu of the newness requirement, for a restarting biomethane displacement only project, are that:

1.     the project is a restarting biomethane displacement only project; and
2.     the requirements set out in Divisions 2 and 3 of this Part for a restarting biomethane displacement only project have been met.

28  Requirement in lieu of newness requirement for upgrade projects

For the purposes of subparagraph 27(4A)(a)(ii) of the Act, the requirements in lieu of the newness requirement, for an upgrade project, are that:

1.     the project is an upgrade project; and
2.     the requirements set out in Divisions 2 and 3 of this Part for an upgrade project have been met.

29  Requirement in lieu of additionality requirement

For the purposes of subparagraph 27(4A)(b)(ii) of the Act, the requirement in lieu of the regulatory additionality requirement, for a landfill gas capture and destruction project, is that a project is a landfill gas capture and destruction project.

Division 5—Crediting period for projects

30  Crediting period for projects

 (1) For the purposes of paragraph 69(3)(b) of the Act, the following crediting periods are specified for projects of the following types and sub-types:

1.     for a biomethane displacement only project—12 years;

2.     for a restarting biomethane displacement only project—12 years minus the length of time between:

3.      the start date of the first reporting period in which the project’s forerunner project first treated biogas by biogas upgrading to produce biomethane; and

4.    the end date of the crediting period for that forerunner project;

5.     for a new project—12 years;

6.     for a restarting flaring only project or upgrade project—144 months minus the number of months in the period that started when this instrument came into force and ended when the section 22 application in relation to the project was made;

7.     for an existing upgrade project or existing enhanced project—the period of 144 months, adjusted by:

 (i) adding the total number of months in the crediting period for the project under each earlier determination in relation to the project, excluding any months in the reporting period in which the section 128 application in relation to the project was made; and

 (ii) subtracting the number of months in the period that started when this instrument came into force and ended when the section 128 application in relation to the project was made.

 (2) For the purposes of paragraphs (1)(d) and (e), round up or down to the nearest whole month.

Part 4—Net abatement amount

31  Operation of this Part

For the purposes of paragraph 106(1)(c) of the Act, this Part specifies the method for working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a reporting period for an eligible offsets project.

32  What can be included in calculating net abatement

For the purposes of working out the total carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a reporting period for a landfill gas capture and destruction project (Atot), in tonnes CO2-e:

1.     the calculations for a non-biomethane project must include only the conversion abatement attributable to emissions destruction, worked out using the method set out in Division 2 of this Part; and

2.     the calculations for a biomethane conversion and displacement project must include only:

3.      the conversion abatement attributable to landfill gas capture for biomethane, worked out using the method set out in Division 2 of this Part; and

4.    if the project also involves emissions destruction—the conversion abatement attributable to that emissions destruction, worked out using the method set out in Division 2 of this Part; and

5. the displacement abatement attributable to biomethane production, worked out using the method set out in Part 5; and

6.     the calculations for a biomethane displacement only project must include only the displacement abatement attributable to biomethane production, worked out using the method set out in Part 5; and

7.     the calculations for a restarting biomethane displacement only project must include only the displacement abatement attributable to biomethane production, worked out using the method set out in Part 5.

33  Working out net abatement

Subject to section 32, the total carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a reporting period for landfill gas capture and destruction project (Atot), in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the following formula:

| Start formula A subscript tot equals A subscript conversion plus A subscript displacement end formula | Equation 1 |

| A subscript conversion | means the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount attributable to the treatment of landfill gas from the project landfill by emissions destruction or landfill gas capture for biomethane for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 2 or equation 3. | | A subscript displacement | means the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount attributable to biogas upgrading at project biomethane facilities for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 24. |

34  Inputs and parameters

1.     For the purposes of this instrument, inputs used to calculate the net conversion abatement amount for a project for a reporting period must cover the whole of the project landfill.

Note: This subsection prevents a project proponent for a project from operating the project only in relation to a selected portion of the project landfill where, for example, gas might be easier to extract.

1.     If a parameter in an equation included in this instrument is worked out or determined in a particular way for a project for a reporting period, it must be worked out or determined in the same way for all other equations in this instrument for the project for the reporting period.

Division 2—Working out conversion abatement

Subdivision 1—Overview

35  Overview of gases accounted for in conversion abatement calculations

The following table provides an overview of the greenhouse gas abatement and emissions that are relevant to working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a landfill gas capture and destruction project that involves landfill gas capture for biomethane or emissions destruction.

• Greenhouse gas abatement and emissions
• Item Relevant calculation Emissions source Greenhouse gas
• 1 Baseline abatement Destruction of methane in landfill gas by combustion Methane (CH4)
• 2 Baseline abatement Destruction of methane in landfill gas by oxidation in the near surface conditions of the project landfill Methane (CH4)
• 3 Project abatement Destruction of methane in landfill gas by combustion or as a result of sending the landfill gas to a biogas upgrading system Methane (CH4)
• 4 Project emissions Combustion of landfill gas Methane (CH4)
• 5 Project emissions Fuel consumption attributable to project landfill gas capture for biomethane activities Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• 6 Project emissions Consumption of purchased electricity attributable to project landfill gas capture for biomethane activities Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Subdivision 2—Method for calculating net conversion abatement amount

36  Simplified outline of this Subdivision

Net conversion abatement is calculated as project abatement minus baseline abatement.

If a project is a biomethane conversion and displacement project and involves upgrading biogas that is solely sourced from the project landfill, an alternative method of calculating net abatement is to determine the amount of methane that is destroyed after the biogas is sent to a biomethane facility for biogas upgrading, based on the quantity and composition of the biomethane produced by this means.

Any emissions generated by the project from undertaking landfill gas capture for biomethane (for example, fuel use) are deducted from the net conversion abatement amount.

37  Net conversion abatement amount

 (1)  The carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount attributable to the treatment of landfill gas from the project landfill by emissions destruction or landfill gas capture for biomethane, in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out for the project for a reporting period:

 (a) for a biomethane conversion and displacement project that only undertakes biogas upgrading of that landfill gas—using either Method 1 (set out in subsections (2) to (3)) or Method 2 (set out in subsections (4) to (6)); or

 (b) otherwise—using Method 1 (set out in subsections (2) to (3)).

Method 1—project landfill-only calculation

 (2) The carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount attributable to the treatment of landfill gas from the project landfill by emissions destruction or landfill gas capture for biomethane (Aconversion) in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out, for the project for the reporting period, using the following formula:

| Start formula A subscript conversion equals A subscript P minus A subscript B minus PE scubscript LFG dash BM end formula | Equation 2 |

| A subscript conversion | means the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount in respect of the project landfill for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e. | | A subscript P | means the project conversion abatement in respect of the project landfill for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 4. | | A subscript B | means the baseline conversion abatement in respect of the project landfill for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 17. | | PE subscript LFG dash BM | means the emissions from landfill gas capture for biomethane activities relating to the project landfill during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 21. |

 (3) If, during the reporting period, the project landfill:

 (a) sends landfill gas to a biogas upgrading system; and

 (b) either:

 (i) the landfill gas is used for a purpose other than biogas upgrading to produce biomethane that can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute; or

 (ii) the biomethane produced from biogas upgrading cannot be reasonably expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute;

  Aconversion for the project landfill is taken to be zero.

Method 2—project landfill and project biomethane facility calculation

 (4) The carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount attributable to the treatment of landfill gas from the project landfill by emissions destruction or landfill gas capture for biomethane for a reporting period (Aconversion), in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out using the following formula:

| Start formula A subscript conversion equals A subscript P comma ED minus A subscript B minus PE subscript LFG dash BM plus gamma times open bracket summation subscript f BC subscript f closed bracket end formula | Equation 3 |

| A subscript conversion | means the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount in respect of the project landfill for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e. | | A subscript P comma ED | means the project conversion abatement from emissions destruction activities relating to the project landfill for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 5.<br>Note: AP, ED excludes the abatement associated with methane sent to biogas upgrading systems during the reporting period. | | A subscript B | means the baseline conversion abatement in respect of the project landfill for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 17. | | PE subscript LFG dash BM | means the emissions from landfill gas capture for biomethane activities relating to the project landfill for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 21. | | gamma | means the factor, used in Part 5.3 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination, that converts cubic metres of methane to tonnes CO2‑e at standard conditions.<br>Note: In 2025, γ was 6.784 x 10-4 x 28. | | f | means a project biomethane facility. | | BC subscript f | (biomethane combusted) means the volume of methane sent out from project biomethane facility f during the reporting period, worked out using equation 16. |

 (5) If, during a reporting period, the project landfill:

 (a) sends landfill gas to a biogas upgrading system; and

 (b) either:

 (i) the landfill gas is used for a purpose other than biogas upgrading to produce biomethane that can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute; or

 (ii) the biomethane produced from biogas upgrading cannot be reasonably expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute;

  Aconversion in respect of the project landfill is taken to be zero.

 (6) If, during a reporting period, a project biomethane facility produces biomethane that cannot be reasonably expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute, BCf for the project biomethane facility is taken to be zero.

Subdivision 3—Method for calculating project conversion abatement

38  Simplified outline of this Subdivision

Project conversion abatement is calculated as the amount of methane combusted by the project that was not generated by carbon tax waste or, for safeguard LFG projects, not generated by non-legacy waste, minus the amount that would have been oxidised in the near surface conditions of the project landfill had it not been collected for the purposes of the project.

39  Project conversion abatement

 (1) The project conversion abatement in respect of the project landfill for a reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out using the following formula:

| Start formula A subscript P equals M subscript Com comma NCT minus M subscript Com comma Ox end formula | Equation 4 |

| A subscript P | means the project conversion abatement in respect of a project landfill for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e. | | M subscript Com comma NCT | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 6. | | M subscript Com comma Ox | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, and that, without the project, would have been oxidised in near surface conditions of the project landfill, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 15. |

 (2) The project conversion abatement from emissions destruction activities relating to the project landfill during a reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out using the following formula:

| Start formula A subscript P comma ED equals M subscript Com comma NCT comma ED minus M subscript Com comma Ox end formula<br>Note: This equation is used for projects that work out net conversion abatement using Method 2 in section 37. | Equation 5 |

| A subscript P comma ED | means the project conversion abatement from emissions destruction activities relating to the project landfill during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e. | | M subscript Com comma NCT comma ED | means the methane combusted through emissions destruction activities relating to the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 7. | | M subscript Com comma Ox | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, and that, without the project, would have been oxidised in near surface conditions of the project landfill, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 15. |

40  Methane combusted or taken to be combusted that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste

 (1) The methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill for a reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula M subscript Com comma NCT equals gamma times W subscript NCT times M subscript Com end formula | Equation 6 |

| M subscript Com comma NCT | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste in tonnes CO2‑e. | | gamma | means the factor to convert cubic metres of methane at standard conditions to tonnes of CO2‑e, worked out using subsection 5.4(1) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.<br>Note: In 2025, γ was 6.784 x 10-4 x 28. | | W subscript NCT | means the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, worked out using equation 8. | | M subscript Com | means the methane that was combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period, in cubic metres, worked out using equation 9. |

 (2) The methane combusted through emissions destruction activities relating to the project landfill during a reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula M subscript Com comma NCT comma ED equals gamma times W subscript NCT times M subscript Com end formula<br>Note: This equation is used for projects that work out net conversion abatement using Method 2 in section 37.View image in the official source | Equation 7 |

| M subscript Com comma NCT comma ED | means the methane combusted through emissions destruction activities relating to the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste in tonnes CO2‑e. | | gamma | means the factor to convert cubic metres of methane at standard conditions to tonnes of CO2‑e, worked out using subsection 5.4(1) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.<br>Note: In 2025, γ was 6.784 x 10-4 x 28. | | W subscript NCT | means the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, worked out using equation 8. | | M subscript Com | means the methane that was combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period, in cubic metres, worked out using equation 9, subject to subsection 42(2). |

41  Proportion of methane combusted or taken to be combusted that was not generated from carbon tax waste

 (1) The proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill for a reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, in cubic metres, is worked out using the following formula:

| A formula to work out the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted for the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste. | Equation 8 |

| W subscript NCT | means the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste or non-legacy waste. | | M subscript com comma y | means:<br>    if the reporting period for the project is 12 months or longer—the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in financial year y for the project landfill, in cubic metres, worked out using equation 9 as if the reporting period were that financial year; or    otherwise—MCom. | | M subscript Com | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period, in cubic metres, worked out using equation 9. | | M subscript CTW comma y | means the methane generated by the project landfill from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, generated from non-legacy waste, in financial year y for the project landfill in tonnes of CO2‑e, calculated in accordance with subsection (2). | | M subscript Gen comma y | means the methane generated in the project landfill in financial year y, in tonnes CO2‑e, calculated in accordance with subsection (3). | | y | means a financial year covered (either partly or fully) by the reporting period.<br>Note: The summation of this equation over financial years is to cover circumstances where reporting periods span financial years. |

Methane generated from carbon tax waste and non-legacy waste in financial year y

 (2) The methane generated by the project landfill from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, generated from non-legacy waste, in financial year y, in tonnes of CO2‑e, is equivalent to parameter CH4gen, calculated:

 (a) under Part 5.2 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination; and

 (b) based only on carbon tax waste or, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, based only on carbon tax waste and non-legacy waste.

Methane generated in financial year y

 (3) The methane generated by the project landfill in financial year y, in tonnes CO2‑e, is equivalent to parameter CH4gen, calculated:

 (a) under Part 5.2 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination; and

 (b) with methane generation determined for the whole project landfill as if it were a single sub‑facility zone; and

 (c) in accordance with subsection (4) or (5), as required.

 (4) To work out MGen, y for the purposes of clause 8 of Schedule 1, treat financial year y as the 12-month period immediately before the end of the reporting period.

 (5) To work out MGen, y for the purposes of items 5 and 6 of the table in subclause 10(2) of Schedule 1, treat financial year y as the 12-month period immediately before the end of the reporting period.

 (6) For the purposes of subsections (4) and (5), if the 12-month period spans 2 financial years, CH4gen is calculated by:

 (a) calculating CH4gen for each financial year of which a number of days fall within the 12-month period; and

 (b) multiplying the amount of CH4gen for each of those financial years by the proportion of days in that financial year that fall within the 12-month period; and

 (c) summing each result of paragraph (b).

42  Methane combusted or taken to be combusted

 (1) The methane combusted or taken to be combusted for a reporting period, in cubic metres, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula M subscript Com equals summation subscript h M subscript Com comma h end formula | Equation 9 |

| M subscript Com | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period, in cubic metres. | | h | means, subject to subsection (2):<br>    a combustion device; or    a biogas upgrading system of a project biomethane facility. | | M subscript Com comma h | means, subject to subsection (2), the methane combusted by combustion device h, or taken to be combusted by biogas upgrading system h, during the reporting period, in cubic metres, worked out using:<br>     for a biogas upgrading system, a combustion device that is a boiler, a flare with monitoring and control system, or an internal combustion engine system—equation 10; and    for a combustion device that is not a boiler, a flare with monitoring and control system or an internal combustion engine—equation 11. |

 (2) If MCom is being worked out for the purposes of calculating MCom, NCT, ED in accordance with equation 7, when determining MCom for the reporting period, h means a combustion device.

Note: This prevents landfill gas sent from the project landfill to biogas upgrading systems from being included when working out methane combusted through emissions destruction activities under equation 7. This in turn prevents double counting of conversion abatement from biomethane, which under Method 2 is already accounted for in equation 3.

Methane combusted by combustion device h or taken to be combusted by biogas upgrading system h—boiler or flare with monitoring and control system or internal combustion engine or biogas upgrading system.

 (3) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of the definition of MCom, h in subsection (1), the methane combusted by combustion device h or taken to be combusted by biogas upgrading system h for a reporting period, in cubic metres, is worked out using the following formula:

| Start formula M subscript Com comma h equals M subscript Sent comma h times open bracket 1 minus PL subscript h close bracket times open bracket 1 minus TL subscript h close bracket times DE subscript Com end formula | Equation 10 |

| M subscript Com comma h | means the methane combusted by combustion device h or taken to be combusted by biogas upgrading system h during the reporting period, in cubic metres. | | M subscript sent comma h | means the methane sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system h during the reporting period, in cubic metres, worked out using whichever of equations 12—14 is applicable. | | PL subscript h | means the biomethane production loss factor for landfill gas sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system h, expressed as a fraction, worked out in accordance with section 46.<br>Note: PLh accounts for methane lost during biogas upgrading. It does not affect methane that is sent to combustion devices. | | TL subscript h | means the transport loss factor for biogas sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system h, expressed as a fraction, which is:      if h is a combustion device—zero; or     if h is a biogas upgrading system that sends landfill gas to a biogas upgrading system at a project biomethane facility and all biomethane produced by the biogas upgrading system during the reporting period is consumed at the project landfill or a project biomethane facility—zero; or     otherwise—0.02.<br>Note: TLh accounts for methane that is not combusted due to gas lost in transport. It is only relevant when a project undertakes biomethane production and sends the gas off-site for use and combustion. | | DE subscript com | means the default methane destruction efficiency for a combustion device or biogas upgrading system, expressed as a fraction, which is:      if h is an internal combustion engine—1;     otherwise—0.98. |

Methane combusted by combustion device h—other combustion devices

 (4) For the purposes of paragraph (b) of the definition of MCom, h in subsection (1), the methane combusted by combustion device h for a reporting period, in cubic metres, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula M subscript Com comma h equals DE times summation subscript a open bracket O subscript h comma a times M subscript Sent comma h comma a close bracket end formula | Equation 11 |

| M subscript Com comma h | means the methane combusted during the reporting period by combustion device h, in cubic metres. | | DE subscript com | means the default methane destruction efficiency for a combustion, expressed as a fraction, which is:      if h is an internal combustion engine—1; or     otherwise—0.98. | | O subscript h comma a | means the operation of combustion device h in hour a, which is either 0 or 1, worked out in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | M subscript Sent comma h comma a | means the methane sent to combustion device h in hour a, in cubic metres, worked out using whichever of equations 12—14 is applicable. |

43  Methane sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system

 (1) The amount of methane sent to a combustion device h or biogas upgrading system h during a reporting period may be worked out using:

 (a) for a biogas upgrading system or combustion device that is not an internal combustion engine—equation 12; or

 (b) for a combustion device that is not an internal combustion engine—equation 13; or

 (c) for a combustion device that is an internal combustion engine—equation 14.

Method 1—using landfill gas sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system

 (2) Using the volume of the landfill gas sent to the combustion device or biogas upgrading system (QLFG,h), the methane sent to the combustion device or biogas upgrading system during the reporting period is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula M subscript Sent comma h equals Q subscript LFG comma h times W subscript LFG comma CH4 comma h end formula | Equation 12 |

| M subscript sent comma h | means the methane sent to the combustion device or biogas upgrading system h during the period, in cubic metres. | | Q subscript LFG comma h | means the landfill gas sent to the combustion device or biogas upgrading system h during the period, in cubic metres, worked out in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | W subscript LFG comma CH4 comma h end formula | means the proportion of the landfill gas sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system h that is methane, worked out in accordance with the monitoring requirements, unless subsection (3) applies. |

 (3) In the case of a flaring only project for which the project landfill is closed landfill, the project proponent for the project may elect to assign the value of 0.30 to WLFG, CH4,h.

Method 2—using energy content of landfill gas sent to combustion device

 (4) Using the energy content of the landfill gas sent to the combustion device (QEn,h), the amount of methane sent to the combustion device during the period is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula M subscript Sent comma h equals start fraction Q subscript En comma h over EC subscript LFG end fraction end formula | Equation 13 |

| M subscript sent comma h | means the amount of methane sent to the combustion device h during the period in cubic metres. | | Q subscript En comma h | means the energy content of the landfill gas sent to the combustion device h during the period, in gigajoules, worked out in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | EC subscript LFG | means the energy content factor for landfill gas that is collected for combustion (methane only), in gigajoules per cubic metre, set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination. |

Method 3—using electricity produced by internal combustion engine

 (5) If the combustion device is an internal combustion engine, using the electricity produced by the device (QEG,h), the methane sent to the combustion device during the period is worked out using the following formula:

| Start formula M subscript Sent comma h equals start fraction Q subscript EG comma h times F subscript megawatt hours to Gigajoules over Eff subscript h times EC subscript LFG end fraction end formula | Equation 14 |

| M subscript sent comma h | means the methane sent to the combustion device h during the period, in cubic metres. | | Q subscript EG comma h | means the electricity (supplied to the grid or used on‑site) produced by internal combustion engine h during the period, in megawatt hours, worked out in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | F subscript megawatt hours to Gigajoules | means the factor to convert megawatt hours to gigajoules, which is 3.6. | | Eff subscript h | means:<br>     the factor for the electrical efficiency of internal combustion engine h determined in accordance with:<br>       the manufacturer’s specifications for the combustion of landfill gas; and    if the specifications set out a range of efficiencies—the highest of those efficiencies; or    if no factor can be determined in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications—the amount set out in subparagraph 2.38(2)(a)(ii) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination. | | EC subscript LFG | means the energy content factor for landfill gas that is captured for combustion (methane only), in gigajoules per cubic metre, set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination. |

44  Methane combusted that was not generated from carbon tax waste (and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated by non-legacy waste) and that would have been oxidised in near surface conditions

  The methane combusted or taken to be combusted for a reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated by non-legacy waste, and that, without the project, would have been oxidised in near surface conditions of the project landfill, in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula M subscript Com comma Ox equals M subscript Com comma NCT times OF times open bracket 1 minus W subscript B close bracket end formula | Equation 15 |

| M subscript Com comma Ox | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, and that, without the project, would have been oxidised in near surface conditions of the project landfill, in tonnes CO2‑e. | | M subscript Com comma NCT | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 6. | | OF | means the oxidation factor for near surface methane in landfill set out in the definition of OF in subsection 5.4(1) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination. | | W subscript B | means the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project, worked out using whichever of equation 18 or 19 applies. |

45  Methane destroyed in biomethane produced by project biomethane facilities

  The volume of methane sent out from project biomethane facility f during a reporting period (BCf), in cubic metres, is worked out using the following formula:

| A formula to calculate the methane destroyed in biomethane produced by a biomethane facility f during a reporting period. | Equation 16 |

| K | means a biogas upgrading system that is part of project biomethane facility f. | | Q subscript BM comma k | means the total volume of biomethane sent out by biogas upgrading system k during the reporting period, in cubic metres, determined in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | W subscript BM comma CH4 comma k | means the proportion of QBM, k that is methane, expressed as a fraction, determined in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | TL subscript BM comma f | means the transport loss factor for biomethane produced by project biomethane facility f, expressed as a fraction, which is: <br>    if all biomethane produced by the biogas upgrading system f during the reporting period is consumed at the project landfill or a project biomethane facility—zero; or     otherwise—0.02.<br>Note:  TLBM accounts for methane that is not combusted due to gas lost in transport of biomethane. | | DE subscript BM | means the methane destruction efficiency for biomethane produced by a biogas upgrading system, expressed as a fraction, which is 0.98. |

46  Biomethane production loss factor

 (1) For the purposes of section 42, the biomethane production loss factor for landfill gas sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system h (PLh), expressed as a fraction, is:

 (a) if h is a combustion device—zero; or

 (b) if h is a biogas upgrading system—the fraction worked out in accordance with subsection (2).

 (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), the biomethane production loss factor for biogas upgrading system h (PLh), expressed as a fraction, must be:

 (a) determined as a fraction, in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications for the biogas upgrading system; or

 (b) measured as a fraction, in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

 (3) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(a), if the manufacturer’s specifications set out a range of values for the biomethane production loss factor, the highest of those values must be selected.

Division 3—Method for calculating baseline conversion abatement

47  Simplified outline of this Division

Baseline conversion abatement is calculated as the amount of methane combusted or taken to be combusted by the project that was not generated from carbon tax waste, and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, multiplied by the proportion representing the amount of methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the project that would have been combusted without the project.

The determination of this proportion depends on the project’s sub-type.

48  Baseline conversion abatement

The baseline abatement for a project for a reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula A subscript B equals M Com comma NCT times W subscript B end formula | Equation 17 |

| A subscript B | means the baseline conversion abatement for the project for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e. | | M subscript Com comma NCT | means the methane combusted or taken to be combusted in respect of the project landfill during the reporting period that was not generated from carbon tax waste and, in the case of a safeguard LFG project, not generated from non-legacy waste, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 6. | | W subscript B | means the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project, worked out using whichever of equation 18, 19 or 20 applies to the project. |

49  Proportion of methane that would have been combusted without the project—new projects

 (1) If the project is a new project, the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted for a reporting period that would have been combusted without the project is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula W subscript B equals maximum of open bracket W subscript B comma Reg and W subscript B comma Def close bracket end formula | Equation 18 |

| W subscript B | means the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project. | | W subscript B comma Reg | means the regulatory proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project, determined using Schedule 1 to this instrument. | | W subscript B comma Def | means the default proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project, worked out in accordance with the following table. |

• 1 a new project and an electricity generation and flaring project 1. for the first 12 months after the project receives that dual classification (year 1)—0.37; and

2. for later years—0.37 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 2 a new project and a flaring only project 1. for the first 12 months after the project receives that dual classification (year 1)—0.30; and

2. for later years—0.30 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 3 a new project and a flaring only project (small and regional landfill) 1. for the first 12 months after the project receives that dual classification (year 1)—0.00; and

2. for later years—0.00 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 4 a new project and a biomethane conversion and displacement project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as a new project (year 1)—0.37; and

2. for later years—0.37 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

3.     When rounding to the nearest year for the purposes of the table in subsection (1), a period of 6 months is to be rounded up.

50  Proportion of methane that would have been combusted without the project—upgrade projects, existing enhanced projects or restarting flaring only projects

 (1) If the project is an upgrade project, restarting flaring only project or existing enhanced project, the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted for a reporting period that would have been combusted without the project is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula W subscript B equals maximum of open bracket W subscript B comma Reg and W subscript B comma Def close bracket end formula | Equation 19 |

| W subscript B | means the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project. | | W subscript B comma Reg | means the regulatory proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project, determined using Schedule 1 to this instrument. | | W subscript B comma Def | means the default proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project, worked out in accordance with the following table. |

• 1 an existing enhanced project and an electricity generation and flaring project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an existing enhanced project (year 1)—0.40; and

2. for later years—0.40 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 2 restarting flaring only project 1. for the first 12 months after the project receives that classification (year 1)—0.30; and

2. for later years—0.30 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 3 an existing enhanced project and a flaring only project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an existing enhanced project (year 1)—0.30; and

2. for later years—0.30 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 4 an upgrade project and an electricity generation and flaring project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an upgrade project (year 1)—0.40; and

2. for later years—0.40 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 5 an upgrade project and a flaring only project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an upgrade project (year 1)—0.30; and

2. for later years—0.30 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 6 an upgrade project and a biomethane conversion and displacement project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an upgrade project (year 1)—0.40; and

2. for later years—0.40 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 7 an existing enhanced project and a biomethane conversion and displacement project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an existing enhanced project (year 1)—0.40; and

2. for later years—0.40 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts immediately after year 1 and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

3.     When rounding to the nearest year for the purposes of the table in subsection (1), a period of 6 months is to be rounded up.

51  Proportion of methane that would have been combusted without the project—existing upgrade projects

 (1) If the project is an existing upgrade project, the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted for a reporting period that would have been combusted without the project is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula W subscript B equals Maximum of open bracket W subscript B comma Reg and W subscript B comma Def and W subscript B comma Ex close bracket end formula | Equation 20 |

| W subscript B | means the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project. | | W subscript B comma Reg | means the regulatory proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project, determined using Schedule 1 to this instrument. | | W subscript B comma Def | has the meaning given by subsection (2). | | W subscript B comma Ex | has the meaning given by subsection (3). |

 (2)  For the purposes of subsection (1), WB, Def means the default proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted during the reporting period that would have been combusted without the project, worked out in accordance with the following table.

• 1 an existing upgrade project and an electricity generation and flaring project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an existing upgrade project—0.40; and

2. for later years—0.40 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts on the day this instrument comes into force and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 2 an existing upgrade project and a flaring only project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an existing upgrade project—0.30; and

2. for later years—0.30 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts on the day this instrument comes into force and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

• 3 an existing upgrade project and a biomethane conversion and displacement project 1. for the first 12 months after the project is classified as an existing upgrade project—0.40; and

2. for later years—0.40 added to the result of multiplying 0.005 by the number of whole years in the period that starts on the day this instrument comes into force and ends at the end of the reporting period (rounding to the nearest year).

 (3) For the purposes of subsection (1), WB, Ex means:

 (a)  if the proportion of the methane combusted or taken to be combusted that would have been combusted without the project was calculated for a reporting period under the earlier determination in relation to the project—that proportion; or

 (b) otherwise—0.

(4)  When rounding up to the nearest year for the purposes of the table in subsection (2), a period of 6 months is to be rounded up.             

Division 4—Project emissions from landfill gas capture for biomethane

52  Simplified outline of this Division

The project emissions for a project for a reporting period are the emissions that must be subtracted from the gross project conversion abatement that occurred during the reporting period. They are the emissions that are attributable to the use of equipment for landfill gas capture for biomethane activities. They include emissions from fuel (including transport) and purchased electricity.

53  Project emissions from landfill gas capture for biomethane—conversion and displacement abatement

1.       The project emissions from landfill gas capture for biomethane activities relating to the project for a reporting period (PELFG-BM), in tonnes CO2‑e, are worked out using the following formula:

| start formula PE subscript LFG dash BM equals E subscript F comma LFG dash BM plus E subscript PE comma LFG dash BM end formula. | Equation 21 |

| PE subscript LFG dash BM | means the project emissions from landfill gas capture for biomethane activities during the reporting period. | | E subscript F comma LFG dash BM | means the emissions from fuel use that are specifically attributable to the treatment of landfill gas by landfill gas capture for biomethane during the reporting period (including transport), in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 22. | | E subscript PE comma LFG dash BM | means the emissions from purchased electricity that are specifically attributable to the treatment of landfill gas by landfill gas capture for biomethane during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 23. |

 (2) In working out EF, LFG-BM and EPE, LFG-BM, emissions associated with biomethane production should be disregarded, including emissions from the operation of project biomethane facilities and any downstream transport emissions, during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 29.

Note: This ensures that double counting of project emissions does not occur. Project emissions from fuel and electricity used in biogas upgrading systems are accounted for when working out net displacement abatement in Division 5 of Part 5.

54  Emissions from fuel use for landfill gas capture for biomethane

 (1) The emissions from fuel used that are specifically attributable to the treatment of landfill gas by landfill gas capture for biomethane for a reporting period (including transport) (EF, LFG-BM), in tonnes CO2‑e, are worked out using the following formula:

| A formula to calculate the emissions from fuel use for landfill gas capture for biomethane | Equation 22 |

| E subscript F comma LFG dash BM | means the emissions from fuel use that are specifically attributable to the treatment of landfill gas by landfill gas capture for biomethane during the reporting period. | | i | means a fuel type. | | j | means a greenhouse gas type. | | Q subscript F comma LFG dash BM comma i | means the amount of fuel type i used that is specifically attributable to the treatment of landfill gas by landfill gas capture for biomethane during the reporting period, in tonnes, kilolitres, cubic metres or gigajoules (as the case requires), determined in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | EC subscript i | means the energy content factor for fuel type i, in gigajoules per tonne, gigajoules per kilolitre or gigajoules per cubic metre, as required by section 6.5 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.<br>Note: If QF, LFG-BM, i is measured in gigajoules, then ECi is not required (ECi=1). | | EF subscript ij | means the emission factor for greenhouse gas type j and fuel type i, in kilograms CO2‑e per gigajoule, as required by the NGER (Measurement) Determination. |

(2) In determining QF, LFG-BM, i, if fuel is used for a project activity in order to perform a function that was also performed before the implementation of the project, that use is attributable to the project only to the extent that the operation of the project has caused an increase in fuel use.

55  Emissions from purchased electricity use—conversion abatement

 (1) The emissions from purchased electricity that are specifically attributable to the treatment of landfill gas by landfill gas capture for biomethane for a reporting period (EPE, LFG-BM), in tonnes CO2‑e, are worked out using the following formula:

| start formula E subscript PE comma LFG dash BM equals Q subscript PE comma LFG dash BM times start fraction EF subscript PE comma LFG dash DM over 1000 end fraction end formula | Equation 23 |

| E subscript PE comma LFG dash BM | means the emissions from purchased electricity that are specifically attributable to the treatment of landfill gas by landfill gas capture for biomethane during the reporting period. | | Q subscript PE comma LFG dash BM | means the amount of purchased electricity that is specifically attributable to the treatment of landfill gas by landfill gas capture for biomethane during the reporting period, in kilowatt hours, determined in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | EF subscript PE comma LFG dash DM | means:<br>     for electricity obtained from an electricity grid that is a grid in relation to which the NGA Factors document includes an emissions factor—that factor, in kilograms CO2‑e per kilowatt hour; or     for electricity obtained from an electricity grid not covered by paragraph (a) or from a source other than an electricity grid:<br>       if the supplier of the electricity is able to provide an emissions factor that reflects the emissions intensity of the electricity—that factor, in kilograms CO2‑e per kilowatt hour; or     otherwise—the emissions factor, in kilograms CO2‑e per kilowatt hour, for off‑grid electricity included in the NGA Factors document. |

 (2) For the purposes of subparagraph (b)(i) of the definition of EFPE, LFG-BM in subsection (1), the emissions factor must be worked out:

 (a) on a sent out‑ basis; and

 (b) using a measurement or estimation approach that is consistent with the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

Part 5—Working out displacement abatement

Division 1—Overview of gases

56  Overview of gases accounted for in displacement abatement calculations

  The following table provides an overview of the greenhouse gas abatement and emissions that are relevant to working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a landfill gas capture and destruction project that involves biomethane production.

• Greenhouse gases and emissions sources
• Item Relevant calculation Emissions source Greenhouse gas
• 1 Gross abatement amounts The carbon dioxide emissions avoided by displacement of natural gas combustion by biomethane produced by the project. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• 2 Project emissions Fuel consumption attributable to biogas upgrading at project biomethane facilities. Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• 3 Project emissions Consumption of purchased electricity attributable to biogas upgrading at project biomethane facilities. Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Division 2—Method for calculating net displacement abatement amount

57  Simplified outline of this Division

The carbon dioxide equivalent net displacement abatement amount for a project for a reporting period is worked out separately for each project biomethane facility in relation to the project. These amounts are then added together to give the total amount for the project for the period. 

For each project biomethane facility, the gross abatement amount is calculated as the natural gas combustion emissions displaced by the quantity of biomethane produced from biogas upgrading as part of the project. As biomethane and natural gas are identical from a fuel combustion standpoint, it is assumed that displacement occurs on a one-to-one basis.

The gross abatement amount is multiplied by the proportion of biogas that is eligible biogas, to prevent crediting of biomethane created from ineligible waste sources. The fraction of eligible biogas is worked out for each biogas source facility that supplies biogas during a reporting period. If a biogas source facility supplies a mixture of eligible and non-eligible biogas to a project during a reporting period, the fraction of eligible biogas from the biogas must be worked out in accordance with equation 27.

From this are deducted any emissions generated by the operation of the project biomethane facility or associated with the production of biomethane (for example, fuel and electricity used at a project biomethane facility, or fuel used in transporting biomethane).

58  Net displacement abatement amount

 (1) The carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount attributable to the treatment of biogas by biomethane production for a reporting period (Adisplacement), in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the following formula:

| a formula for working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount attributable to the treatment of biogas by biomethane production for a reporting period. | Equation 24 |

| f | means a project biomethane facility. | | A subscript displacement comma f | is:<br>     if the project biomethane facility net abatement amount for project biomethane facility f worked out using equation 25 is greater than or equal to zero—that amount; or     if that amount is less than zero—zero. | | Alpha | means the factor of zero or 1, as elected by the project proponent for the project for that reporting period. |

 (2) If, during the reporting period, the biomethane produced by a project biomethane facility cannot be reasonably expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute, Adisplacement, f is taken to be zero.

59  Project biomethane facility net abatement amount

The project biomethane facility net abatement amount for a reporting period for project biomethane facility f (Adisplacement, f), in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula A subscript displacement comma f equals GA subscript displacement comma f times EA subscript f minus PE subscript displacement comma f end formula | Equation 25 |

| GA subscript displacement comma f | means the gross abatement amount for a reporting period for project biomethane facility f, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 26. | | EA subscript f | means the eligible abatement fraction for the reporting period for project biomethane facility f, expressed as a fraction, worked out using equation 27. | | PE subscript displacement comma f | means the project emissions for the reporting period for project biomethane facility f, in tonnes CO2‑e, worked out using equation 29. |

60  Certain abatement must not be included in calculating net abatement amount

 (1) For the purposes of working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount attributable to biogas upgrading at project biomethane facility f for a reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, using equation 25, the project proponent for the project must not calculate displacement abatement attributable to biomethane production at a project biomethane facility during the reporting period if that biomethane is subsequently used as an energy source for a fuel switching emissions reduction activity for another emissions avoidance offsets project.

 (2) In this section:

  fuel switching emissions reduction activity means changing the energy sources or mix of energy sources in a way that gives rise to eligible carbon abatement and includes the following:

 (a) changing the energy sources or mix of energy sources used by existing emissions-producing equipment as part of an industrial electricity and fuel efficiency project covered by the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Industrial Electricity and Fuel Efficiency) Methodology Determination 2015;

 (b) changing the energy sources or mix of energy sources used by existing emissions-producing equipment as part of an industrial and commercial emissions reduction project covered by the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Industrial and Commercial Emissions Reduction) Methodology Determination 2021;             

 (c) changing energy sources (fuels and electricity) or the mix of energy sources for vehicles and land and sea transport project covered by the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Land and Sea Transport) Methodology Determination 2015;

 (d) changing the energy sources or mix of energy sources used at a facility as part of a facilities project covered by the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Facilities) Methodology Determination 2015.

Division 3—Gross abatement amount

61  Simplified outline of this Division

The gross abatement amount for a project biomethane facility for a reporting period is the amount of emissions avoided as the result of carrying out biomethane production at that facility during the reporting period.

62  Gross abatement amount for a project biomethane facility

The gross abatement amount for project biomethane facility f for a reporting period (GAdisplacement, f), in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula GA subscript displacement comma f equals start fraction summation subscript k Q subscript BM comma k times EC subscript NG time EF subscript NG comma CO2 over 1000 end fraction end formula | Equation 26 |

| k | means a biogas upgrading system at project biomethane facility f used during the reporting period. | | Q subscript BM comma k | means the total volume of biomethane sent out by biogas upgrading system k during the reporting period, in cubic metres, determined in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | EC subscript NG | means the energy content factor for natural gas distributed in a pipeline, in gigajoules per cubic metre, set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination. | | EF subscript comma CO2 | means the carbon dioxide (CO2) combustion emissions factor for natural gas distributed in a pipeline, in kilograms CO2-e per gigajoule, set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination.<br>Note: Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are constant regardless of whether biomethane or natural gas is combusted and hence do not result in displacement abatement. |

Division 4—Eligible abatement fraction

63  Simplified outline of this Division

The eligible abatement fraction for a project for a reporting period is the proportion of gross abatement for the project that is associated with biomethane produced from eligible biogas during the reporting period. This excludes abatement created from biogas upgrading of ineligible biogas. Only the eligible abatement fraction of gross abatement is counted towards the net abatement to ensure that biomethane produced from ineligible sources is not credited.

The eligible abatement is expressed as a fraction, representing the proportion of biogas sent to a biogas upgrading system for the project that is eligible biogas. If 100% of biogas that undergoes biogas upgrading is eligible biogas, there is no deduction for ineligible abatement.

The eligible abatement fraction is worked out as the proportion of the quantity of eligible biogas supplied by all biogas source facilities during a reporting period to the total quantity of biogas treated during a reporting period. The quantity of eligible biogas sent from each biogas source facility is worked out by:

(a) direct measurement of the quantity of eligible biogas sent for biogas upgrading; or

(b) estimation of the proportion of biogas sent for biogas upgrading that is eligible biogas.

64  Eligible abatement fraction for a project biomethane facility

The eligible abatement fraction for project biomethane facility f for a reporting period (EAf), expressed as a fraction, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula EA subscript f equals start fraction summation subscript g Q subscript BG comma El comma g over summation subscript g Q subscript BG comma g end fraction end formula | Equation 27 |

| g | means a biogas source facility that sends biogas to project biomethane facility f during the reporting period. | | Q subscript BG comma El comma g | means the volume of eligible biogas sent to project biomethane facility f from biogas source facility g during the reporting period, in cubic metres, worked out in accordance with section 65. | | Q subscript BG comma g | means the volume of biogas sent to project biomethane facility f from biogas source facility g during the reporting period, in cubic metres, worked out in accordance with the monitoring requirements. |

65  Determining the quantity of eligible biogas from a biogas source

 (1) The volume of eligible biogas sent to project biomethane facility f from biogas source facility g during a reporting period (QBG, El, g) in cubic metres, is worked out:

 (a) if it is possible to measure QBG, El, g in accordance with the monitoring requirements—in accordance with the monitoring requirements; or

 (b) otherwise—in accordance with subsection (2).

Note: Measurement of QBG, El, g is possible if all biogas from a biogas source facility is eligible, or if eligible biogas is physically apportioned in a way that permits direct measurement in accordance with the monitoring requirements.

 (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), the volume of eligible biogas sent to project biomethane facility f from biogas source facility g during the reporting period, in cubic metres, is worked out using the following formula:

| start formula Q subscript BG comma El comma g equals EB subscript g times Q subscript BG comma g | Equation 28 |

| EB subscript g | means the proportion of biogas sent to project biomethane facility f from biogas source facility g during the reporting period that is eligible biogas, expressed as a fraction, worked out in accordance with subsection (3). | | Q subscript BG comma g | means the volume of biogas sent to project biomethane facility f from biogas source facility g during the reporting period, in cubic metres, worked out in accordance with the monitoring requirements. |

 (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), an accurate and conservative value for EBg must be determined, based on data and calculations that are auditable and verifiable, as follows:

 (a) by working out the proportion of eligible biogas waste to biogas waste treated to produce biogas from biogas source facility g for a reporting period, by methane-producing capacity or by mass; 

 (b) by using another approach that can reasonably be expected to provide a fraction that accurately reflects the proportion of eligible biogas for biogas source facility g for a reporting period.

 (4) If it is not possible to work out the volume of eligible biogas sent to project biomethane facility f from biogas source facility g during the reporting period, in cubic metres, in accordance with subsection (1), QBG, El, g is taken to be zero for the reporting period.

Division 5—Displacement abatement project emissions

66  Simplified outline of this Division

The displacement abatement project emissions for a reporting period are the emissions that result from a project biomethane facility undertaking biomethane production during the reporting period.

67  Project emissions—displacement abatement

 (1) The project emissions for project biomethane facility f for a reporting period (PEdisplacement, f), in tonnes CO2-e, are worked out using the following formula:

| start formula PE subscript displacement comma f equals E subscript F comma displacement comma f plus E subscript PE comma displacement comma f end formula | Equation 29 |

| E subscript F comma displacement comma f | are the emissions from fuel that are specifically attributable to the operation of project biomethane facility f during the reporting period (including transport), in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 30. | | E subscript PE comma displacement comma f | are the emissions from purchased electricity that are specifically attributable to the operation of project biomethane facility f during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 31. |

  (2) In determining EF, displacement, f and EPE, displacement, f, disregard fuel and purchased electricity used for landfill gas capture for biomethane and emissions destruction project activities.

Note: Examples of fuel and purchased electricity uses to be disregarded include fuel and electricity used in the collection of landfill gas or transport of landfill gas to a biogas upgrading system. This ensures that double counting of project emissions does not occur. Project emissions from fuel and electricity used in landfill gas capture for biomethane and emissions destruction are accounted for when working out net displacement abatement in accordance with Division 2 of this Part.

68  Emissions from fuel use—displacement abatement

 (1) The emissions from fuel use that are specifically attributable to the operation of project biomethane facility f, or transport of biomethane produced at project biomethane facility f to an end use where it can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute, for a reporting period (EF, displacement, f) in tonnes CO2-e, are worked out using the following formula:

| An equation to describe the calculations for the emissions from fuel use attributable to the operation of a project biomethane facility. | Equation 30 |

| i | means a fuel type. | | j | means a greenhouse gas type. | | Q subscript F comma displacement comma f comma i | means the amount of fuel type i that is specifically attributable to the operation of project biomethane facility f, or the transport of biomethane produced at project biomethane facility f to an end use where it can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute, during the reporting period, in tonnes, kilolitres, cubic metres, or gigajoules, determined in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | EC subscript i | means the energy content factor for fuel type i, in gigajoules per tonne, gigajoules per kilolitre or gigajoules per cubic metre, set out in section 6.5 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.<br>Note: If QF, displacement, f, i is measured in gigajoules, then ECj is not required (ECj=1). | | EF subscript ij | means the emission factor for greenhouse gas type j and fuel type i, in kilograms CO2-e per gigajoule, set out in the NGER (Measurement) Determination. |

 (2) In determining QF, displacement, f, i, if fuel is used by the project biomethane facility or by equipment used to transport biomethane in order to perform a function that was also performed before the implementation of the project, that fuel use is attributable to the operation of the project biomethane facility only to the extent that the project has caused an increase in fuel use by the facility or the equipment, as the case requires.

69  Emissions from purchased electricity use—displacement abatement

1.    The emissions from purchased electricity that are specifically attributable to the operation of project biomethane facility f for a reporting period (EPE, displacement, f) in tonnes CO2-e, are worked out using the following formula:

| start formula E subscript PE comma displacement comma f equals Q subscript PE comma displacement comma f start fraction EF subscript PE comma displacement over 1000 end fraction end formula. | Equation 31 |

| Q subscript PE comma displacement comma f | means the amount of purchased electricity that is specifically attributable to the operation of project biomethane facility f during the reporting period, in kilowatt hours, determined in accordance with the monitoring requirements. | | EF subscript PE comma displacement | means:<br>    for electricity obtained from an electricity grid that is a grid in relation to which the NGA Factors document includes an emissions factor—that factor, in kilograms CO2-e per kilowatt hour; or    for electricity obtained from an electricity grid not covered by paragraph (a) or from a source other than an electricity grid:<br>      if the supplier of the electricity is able to provide an emissions factor that reflects the emissions intensity of the electricity—that factor, in kilograms CO2-e per kilowatt hour; or    otherwise—the emissions factor, in kilograms CO2-e per kilowatt hour, for off-grid electricity included in the NGA Factors document. |

1.   For the purposes of subparagraph (b)(i) of the definition of EFPE, displacement in subsection (1), the emissions factor must be worked out:

2.     on a sent-out basis; and

3.     using a measurement or estimation approach that is consistent with the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

Part 6—Monitoring, record-keeping and reporting requirements

Division 1—Offsets report requirements

70  Operation of this Division

  For the purposes of paragraph 106(3)(a) of the Act, this Division sets out information that must be included in an offsets report about an eligible offsets project for a reporting period.

71  Required information for offsets reports—general information

  An offsets report about a project for a reporting period must include the following information:

 (a) a copy of any State or Territory licence in relation to the project landfill, as in force at the end of the reporting period;             

 (b) a list of the project activities that were carried out during the reporting period, including:

 (i) details of any additional project activity that began to be carried out after the section 22 application or section 128 application was made, or since the previous offsets report was given to the Regulator, and the date on which that activity commenced; and

 (ii) details of any project activity that was previously carried out, that has stopped being carried out since the previous offsets report was given to the Regulator, and the date on which that activity stopped;

 (c) a description of all sources of project emissions in respect of the project;

 (d) if landfill gas capture for biomethane has been carried out as part of the project—evidence that biogas sent to biogas upgrading systems is used to produce biomethane that can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute;

 (e) if biomethane production has been carried out as part of the project:

 (i) details of the source of any biogas treated during the reporting period; and

 (ii) details of the biogas upgrading systems used for the project; and

 (iii) details about the end use, or anticipated end use, of the biomethane produced during the reporting period; and

 (iv) details about the measurement of the volume of biomethane sent out by biogas upgrading systems (QBM, K) in accordance with the monitoring requirements, and the point at which biomethane flow is measured; and

 (v) a declaration by the project proponent for the project that biomethane produced by all project biomethane facilities involved in the project during the reporting period can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute.

Note: For the purposes of paragraph (d), evidence that biomethane produced by the project can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute may include invoices or other records of commercial transactions in which biomethane is traded as a substitute for natural gas for a use that results in its combustion.

72  Required information for offsets reports—net abatement calculations

  An offsets report about a project for a reporting period must include details of the net abatement calculations for the reporting period, including the following:

 (a) the output of each equation in this instrument used to calculate the net abatement amount for the reporting period;

 (b) if landfill gas capture for biomethane is carried out as part of the project—details about the biomethane production loss factor used to calculate net abatement;

 (c) if biomethane production is carried out as part of the project—details of the displacement abatement calculations (that is, calculations made under Division 2 of Part 5), including the following:

 (i) information on volumes and methane concentrations of biomethane produced during the reporting period;

 (ii) volumes and eligible abatement fractions of biogas treated by each project biomethane facility during the reporting period;

 (iii) information on the sources and volumes of project emissions from treatment of biogas by biogas upgrading;

 (iv) if QBG, EI, g is determined in accordance with equation 28 for a reporting period:

1.                 an explanation of how the proportion of biogas that is eligible biogas (EBg) was determined; and
2.                  evidence or data supporting how EBg was calculated; and
3.                  a signed declaration from the person who estimated EBg that the value for that factor is accurate and conservative.

73  Required information for offsets reports—details of certain project changes

1.    An offsets report about a project for a reporting period must include details of any of the following changes made to the project since the making of the section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to the project, or the giving of the previous offsets report to the Regulator:

2.     a project biomethane facility being added to the project;

3.     a biogas upgrading system being added to the project;

4.     whether the project, at the start of the reporting period, was classified as a different project type or sub-type from the previous reporting period, and details of how the project meets all requirements of the different type or sub-type;

5.     any other changes to the project resulting in the information given in the section 22 application, section 128 application or previous offsets report being out of date.

6.   If paragraph (1)(a) applies, an offsets report must also include:

 (a) the intended recipients of biomethane produced by the new project biomethane facility; and

 (b) a declaration by the project proponent for the project that biomethane produced by the new project biomethane facility can reasonably be expected to be combusted within Australia as a natural gas substitute.

1.    For the purposes of paragraph (1)(c):

 (a) the relevant requirements include requirements relating to a section 22 application or section 128 application in relation to that project type or sub-type; and

 (b) any references, in those requirements, to information to be included in the section 22 application or section 128 application are taken to be references to information to be included in the offsets report; and

 (c)  any references, in those requirements, to time periods ending immediately before the making of the section 22 application or section 128 application are taken to be references to time periods ending immediately before the start of the reporting period to which the offsets report relates.

74  Required information for offsets reports—determination of certain factors and parameters

 (1) If subsection 10(3) applies to a project proponent for a project for a reporting period in relation to a factor or parameter, the offsets report about the project for the reporting period must include the following information about the factor or parameter:

 (a) the reasons why the proponent did not ascertain the factor or parameter by reference to the version of the instrument or writing in force at the end of the reporting period, in accordance with subsection 10(1);

 (b) if the proponent ascertained the factor or parameter by reference to an earlier version of the instrument or writing:

 (i) the date when that version came into effect; and

 (ii) the start and end dates of each use of that version to ascertain the factor or parameter;

 (c) if the proponent made an estimate of the factor or parameter in accordance with paragraph 10(3)(b)—details of any matters in that paragraph to which the proponent had reference.

 (2) If a parameter is determined under section 79 for the purpose of working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a landfill gas capture and destruction project for a reporting period, the offsets report about the project for the reporting period must include the following information about the parameter:

 (a) the name of the parameter;

 (b) the start and end dates of the non-monitored period for which the parameter was determined;

 (c) the value of the parameter and how that value was calculated;

 (d) the reasons why the project proponent for the project failed to monitor the parameter as required by the monitoring requirements.

75  Required information for offsets reports—monitored parameters

  An offsets report about a flaring only project at open or closed landfill for a reporting period must include details about how the requirement specified in relation to that kind of flaring only project in item 7 of the table in subsection 78(1) has been met.

Note: That requirement relates to cross-referencing the continuous measurement device used to measure the parameter mentioned in that table item.

76  Requirement for projects to calculate regulatory proportion for reporting period

The project proponent for an eligible offsets project must, for each reporting period for the project:

1.     calculate WB, Reg for that project in accordance with section 49, 50 or 51 of, and Schedule 1 to, this instrument (as the case requires); and
2.     submit an offsets report that specifies WB, Reg for that reporting period.

Division 2—Monitoring requirements

77  Operation of this Division

 For the purposes of paragraph 106(3)(d) of the Act, this Division sets out:

1.     requirements to monitor an eligible offsets project (see section 78); and
2.     certain consequences if the project proponent for the project fails to monitor the project as required (see section 79).

78  Requirements to monitor certain parameters

1.     The project proponent for an eligible offsets project must monitor and determine a parameter mentioned in an item of the following table in accordance with the instructions set out in that item.

• Monitored parameters
• Parameter Description Unit Measurement procedure (including frequency as required) Determination of parameter from measurements
• 1 QEn, h Energy content of the landfill gas sent to combustion device h Gigajoules Estimated under section 6.5 or Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination using measurement criterion AAA. Cumulative value for reporting period.
• 2 Oh, a Operation of combustion device h during hour a 1 or 0 Operation for each minute is to be determined in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.If the device operates according to manufacturer’s specifications for the entire hour, Oh, a = 1. Otherwise, Oh, a = 0.All measuring equipment must be used in accordance with appropriate measuring requirements. For the purposes of calculating Mcom, h in equation 11, the value of Oh, a, determined for an hour based on the operation of the combustion device, must be paired to the cumulative value of Msent, h for the same hour.
• 3 QLFG, h Landfill gas sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system h Cubic metres Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination using measurement criterion AAA.Frequency—continuous. For the purposes of equation 11, cumulative values for a time interval not greater than one hour must be paired to measurements of WLFG, CH4 for that time interval.Otherwise, the measurements must be paired to measurements of WLFG, CH4 for the same measurement interval.
• 4 QEG, h Electricity (supplied to the grid or used for the project) generated by internal combustion engine h Megawatt hour Estimated under Part 6.1 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.Measure only the electricity produced from the combustion of landfill gas (not from the combustion of other fuel types). Cumulative value for the reporting period.
• 5 QF, LFG-BM, i Amount of fuel type i used for landfill gas capture for biomethane activities Tonnes, kilolitres, cubic metres or gigajoules Project proponent may choose from the following:(a) estimated in accordance with Division 2.2.5, 2.3.6 or 2.4.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination (as appropriate to the fuel type);(b) evidenced by invoices, contractual arrangements or industry metering records.Measure only the fuel used to operate the project in relation to landfill gas capture for biomethane activities.Frequency—continuous. Cumulative value for the reporting period.
• 6 QEP, LFG-BM Amount of purchased electricity used for landfill gas capture for biomethane activities Kilowatt hours Evidenced by invoices, contractual arrangements or industry metering records.If QEP, LFG-BM is measured in gigajoules, the number of kilowatt hours must be calculated by dividing the amount of gigajoules by the conversion factor of 0.0036.Measure only the electricity used to operate the project in relation to landfill gas capture for biomethane activities.Frequency—continuous. Cumulative value for the reporting period.
• 7 WLFG, CH4 Fraction of the volume of landfill gas that is methane Fraction Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.In the case of a flaring only project for which the project landfill is open landfill, the continuous measurement device used to measure the parameter must be cross-referenced once a month with a field-calibrated handheld gas analyser, paired every calendar month with the volume of landfill gas sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system h, measured at the same conditions as QLFG, h.If the methane measurements recorded by the continuous measurement device and the field-calibrated handheld gas analyser differ by >4%, the continuous measurement device must be reset in-situ with reference gas (in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications), and the cross-reference process repeated.In the case of a flaring only project for which the project landfill is closed landfill, the continuous measurement device used to measure the parameter must be paired every calendar month with the volume of landfill gas sent to combustion device or biogas upgrading system h measured at the same conditions as QLFG, h.In any other case, the frequency of the measurement of the parameter is continuous. The parameter must be measured at the same conditions as QLFG, h. For the purposes of equation 11, average values for a time interval not greater than 1 hour must be paired to measurements of QLFG, h for the time interval.Otherwise, the measurements must be paired to measurements of QLFG, h for the same measurement interval.
• 8 QBM, k Volume of biomethane sent out by biogas upgrading system k m3 Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination using measurement criterion AAA.Frequency—continuous. Cumulative value for the reporting period.QBM, k is to be measured at a point that is after the biomethane leaves the biogas upgrading system and at which the biomethane is suitable for combustion as a natural gas substitute.
• 9 WBM, CH4, k Proportion of the volume of biomethane from biogas upgrading system k, QBM, k, that is methane Fraction Measured:(a) using an inline gas analyser that analyses gas composition at a point after biogas upgrading is complete; and(b) to an accuracy of +/ 3% absolute; and(c) in accordance with the instrument manufacturer’s specifications and the relevant Australian and New Zealand standards. The measurements must be paired to measurements of QBM, k for the same measurement interval.
• 10 QBG, g Volume of biogas sent to a project biomethane facility from biogas source facility g m3 Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination using measurement criterion AAA.Frequency—continuous. Cumulative value for the reporting period.
• 11 QBG, El, g Volume of eligible biogas sent to a project biomethane facility from biogas source facility g m3 Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination using measurement criterion AAA.Frequency—continuous. QBG, El,g must only be measured in accordance with this item if it is possible to directly measure the volume of eligible biogas sent to a project biomethane facility from biogas source facility g.Cumulative value for the reporting period.
• 12 QF, displacement, f, i Quantity of each fuel type i used by project biomethane facility f Either:

1. t (for solid fuel); or
2. m3(for gas fuel); or
3. kL (for liquid fuel); or
4. GJ (a) monitored in accordance with section 2.25, 2.36 or Division 2.4.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination (as applicable to the fuel type); or(b) evidenced by invoices, contractual arrangements or industry metering records.Frequency—continuous. Cumulative value for the reporting period.

• 13 QPE, displacement, f Quantity of electricity purchased by project biomethane facility f kWh or GJ Evidenced by invoices, contractual arrangements or industry metering records.If EPE, displacement, f is measured in gigajoules, the quantity of kilowatt hours must be calculated by dividing the amount of gigajoules by the conversion factor of 0.0036.Frequency—continuous. Cumulative value for the reporting period.

1.   Unless otherwise specified in the table in subsection (1), any equipment or device used to monitor a parameter must be calibrated by an accredited third-party technician at intervals, and using methods, that are in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
2.   In this section:

  appropriate measuring requirements, in relation to a measurement or estimate, means requirements that are consistent with:

1.     requirements that apply in relation to similar measurements or estimates under the NGER (Measurement) Determination; or
2.     relevant standards and other requirements under the National Measurement Act 1960.

  i means a fuel type.