Mechanically, the Act sets rules about what work children (under 18) may do in Queensland: it requires parental consent or a chief executive special‑circumstances certificate before school‑aged or young children work (ss.10, 12), bans sexualised or inappropriate roles and work as social escorts (ss.8A–8C, 8B), and creates an inspection, compliance‑notice and appeal system with penalties and corporate officer liability (ss.15F, 15N, 33). The stated purpose is to protect children’s schooling and health; employers bear the compliance, record‑keeping and penalty risk.
The Child Employment Act 2006 establishes statutory rules governing when, how and in what roles children may be employed or otherwise involved in work in Queensland. Its stated purpose is “to safeguard children working in Queensland” by (a) ensuring work does not interfere with schooling, and (b) preventing children performing work that may be harmful to their health or safety or their physical, mental, moral or social development (s 4). The Act covers all “children” as defined by the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 (individuals under 18) (s 5), and sets out a layered regime of definitions, prohibitions, permissions and administrative controls.
Mechanically, the Act does the following.
Defines the scope of “work” for a child broadly to include employment under a contract of service, piecework, contracts for labour, supervision roles, participation in profit-making businesses, unpaid or voluntary work, and,in certain parts,work that is part of work experience, an apprenticeship or traineeship (s 8). It excludes domestic chores and “collections work” (s 8).
Creates categorical criminal (summary) offences for employers who require or permit children to engage in specific prohibited conduct: nudity or sexually provocative clothing (s 8A(1)), work as a social escort (s 8B(1)), or inappropriate roles/situations (s 8C(1)), each carrying a maximum penalty of 100 penalty units and labelled as “executive liability provisions” (s 8A-8C).
Establishes regulatory backstops: regulations may prescribe prohibited work, minimum ages for specific tasks, methods of supervision and other detailed rules; employers must comply with those regulations (s 9, s 39).
Imposes pre-conditions for school-aged and young children to work: employers must hold a parent’s consent form or, for certain school-aged children lacking such a form, a “special circumstances certificate” issued by the chief executive (s 10). School-aged children may not work during times they are required to attend school, as recorded in the consent form or certificate (s 11).
Current sections
Direct links to the current provisions in Child Employment Act 2006.
71
pt.1
Preliminary
Preliminary
sec.1
Short title
sec.1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Child Employment Act 2006 .
sec.2
Commencement
sec.2 Commencement
This Act, other than part 7 , commences on 1 July 2006.
sec.3
Dictionary
sec.3 Dictionary
The dictionary in the schedule defines particular terms used in this Act.
sec.4
Purpose of this Act
sec.4 Purpose of this Act
The purpose of this Act is to safeguard children working in Queensland.
This is to be achieved by—
ensuring that work does not interfere with children’s schooling; and
preventing children performing work that may be harmful to their health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
(sec.4-ssec.1) The purpose of this Act is to safeguard children working in Queensland.
(sec.4-ssec.2) This is to be achieved by— ensuring that work does not interfere with children’s schooling; and preventing children performing work that may be harmful to their health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
(a) ensuring that work does not interfere with children’s schooling; and
(b) preventing children performing work that may be harmful to their health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
sec.5
Children to whom this Act applies
sec.5 Children to whom this Act applies
This Act applies to all children.
The Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , schedule 1 defines child , in this context, to mean an individual who is under 18.
s 5 amd 2013 No. 39 s 110 sch 3 pt 1
sec.6
Meaning of parent of a child
sec.6 Meaning of parent of a child
A parent , of a child, is any of the following persons—
the child’s mother;
the child’s father;
a person who exercises parental responsibility for the child.
However, a person standing in the place of a parent of a child on a temporary basis is not a parent of the child.
A parent of an Aboriginal child includes a person who, under Aboriginal tradition, is regarded as a parent of the child.
A parent of a Torres Strait Islander child includes a person who, under Island custom, is regarded as a parent of the child.
Despite subsections (1) , (3) and (4) , a reference in this Act to a parent of a child is a reference only to—
if a person is granted guardianship of a child under the Child Protection Act 1999 —the person granted guardianship; or
if paragraph (a) does not apply but a person otherwise exercises parental responsibility for a child under a decision or order of a Federal Court or a court of a State—the person who exercises parental responsibility for the child under the decision or order.
s 6 amd 2010 No. 42 s 214 sch
(sec.6-ssec.1) A parent , of a child, is any of the following persons— the child’s mother; the child’s father; a person who exercises parental responsibility for the child.
(sec.6-ssec.2) However, a person standing in the place of a parent of a child on a temporary basis is not a parent of the child.
(sec.6-ssec.3) A parent of an Aboriginal child includes a person who, under Aboriginal tradition, is regarded as a parent of the child.
(sec.6-ssec.4) A parent of a Torres Strait Islander child includes a person who, under Island custom, is regarded as a parent of the child.
(sec.6-ssec.5) Despite subsections (1) , (3) and (4) , a reference in this Act to a parent of a child is a reference only to— if a person is granted guardianship of a child under the Child Protection Act 1999 —the person granted guardianship; or if paragraph (a) does not apply but a person otherwise exercises parental responsibility for a child under a decision or order of a Federal Court or a court of a State—the person who exercises parental responsibility for the child under the decision or order.
(a) the child’s mother;
(b) the child’s father;
(c) a person who exercises parental responsibility for the child.
(a) if a person is granted guardianship of a child under the Child Protection Act 1999 —the person granted guardianship; or
(b) if paragraph (a) does not apply but a person otherwise exercises parental responsibility for a child under a decision or order of a Federal Court or a court of a State—the person who exercises parental responsibility for the child under the decision or order.
sec.7
Meaning of school-aged child
sec.7 Meaning of school-aged child
A school-aged child is a child who—
is under 16 years of age; and
is required to be enrolled at a State school or a non-State school under the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006.
A child may not be required to be enrolled at a State school or a non-State school if the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 , chapter 9 , part 3 , 4 or 5 applies to the child.
s 7 amd 2006 No. 39 s 512 (1) sch 1
(a) is under 16 years of age; and
(b) is required to be enrolled at a State school or a non-State school under the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006. Note— A child may not be required to be enrolled at a State school or a non-State school if the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 , chapter 9 , part 3 , 4 or 5 applies to the child.
sec.8
Meaning of work in relation to a child
sec.8 Meaning of work in relation to a child
Work , in relation to a child, means—
work under a contract of service; or
work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, or at piecework rates, to perform work, for labour only or substantially for labour only; or
work under a contract to perform work, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, unless the child—
is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and
has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and
is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or
work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, to perform work, unless a personal services business determination is in effect for the child under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cwlth) , section 87 -60; or
work that includes the supervision of other workers, whether or not the child is known as a supervisor, leading hand or other title; or
participating or assisting in any business carried on for profit, whether or not the child receives payment or other reward for the child’s participation or assistance; or
unpaid or voluntary work.
Work does not include the following—
domestic chores;
collections work;
work that is part of—
work experience; or
an apprenticeship; or
a traineeship.
However, for sections 8A to 8C , work , in relation to a child, includes work that is part of work experience, an apprenticeship or a traineeship.
Also, for parts 2A and 2B , work , in relation to a child, includes employment that is part of an apprenticeship or a traineeship.
s 8 amd 2007 No. 23 s 43 ; 2013 No. 35 s 27 ; 2014 No. 25 s 223 sch 1 pt 2
(sec.8-ssec.1) Work , in relation to a child, means— work under a contract of service; or work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, or at piecework rates, to perform work, for labour only or substantially for labour only; or work under a contract to perform work, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, unless the child— is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, to perform work, unless a personal services business determination is in effect for the child under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cwlth) , section 87 -60; or work that includes the supervision of other workers, whether or not the child is known as a supervisor, leading hand or other title; or participating or assisting in any business carried on for profit, whether or not the child receives payment or other reward for the child’s participation or assistance; or unpaid or voluntary work.
(sec.8-ssec.2) Work does not include the following— domestic chores; collections work; work that is part of— work experience; or an apprenticeship; or a traineeship.
(sec.8-ssec.3) However, for sections 8A to 8C , work , in relation to a child, includes work that is part of work experience, an apprenticeship or a traineeship.
(sec.8-ssec.4) Also, for parts 2A and 2B , work , in relation to a child, includes employment that is part of an apprenticeship or a traineeship.
(a) work under a contract of service; or
(b) work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, or at piecework rates, to perform work, for labour only or substantially for labour only; or
(c) work under a contract to perform work, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, unless the child— (i) is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and (ii) has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and (iii) is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or
(i) is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and
(ii) has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and
(iii) is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or
(d) work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, to perform work, unless a personal services business determination is in effect for the child under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cwlth) , section 87 -60; or
(e) work that includes the supervision of other workers, whether or not the child is known as a supervisor, leading hand or other title; or
(f) participating or assisting in any business carried on for profit, whether or not the child receives payment or other reward for the child’s participation or assistance; or
(g) unpaid or voluntary work.
(i) is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and
(ii) has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and
(iii) is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or
(a) domestic chores;
(b) collections work;
(c) work that is part of— (i) work experience; or (ii) an apprenticeship; or (iii) a traineeship.
(i) work experience; or
(ii) an apprenticeship; or
(iii) a traineeship.
(i) work experience; or
(ii) an apprenticeship; or
(iii) a traineeship.
pt.2
Restrictions to safeguard working children
Restrictions to safeguard working children
sec.8A
Prohibition on nudity and sexually provocative clothing
sec.8A Prohibition on nudity and sexually provocative clothing
An employer must not require or permit a child to work—
while the child is nude; or
while the child is clothed or covered in another way so—
the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
Subsection (1) does not apply to work in the entertainment industry if—
the child is under 12 months; and
a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant—
the child working while the child is nude;
the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and
a parent of the child is present while the child is working in either of the ways mentioned in subsection (1) .
However, a consent for subsection (2) (b) (ii) need not cover all matters mentioned in the provision so long as all matters in the provision relevant to the work the child is to do are covered.
s 8A ins 2007 No. 23 s 44
amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1
(sec.8A-ssec.1) An employer must not require or permit a child to work— while the child is nude; or while the child is clothed or covered in another way so— the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.8A-ssec.2) Subsection (1) does not apply to work in the entertainment industry if— the child is under 12 months; and a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant— the child working while the child is nude; the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and a parent of the child is present while the child is working in either of the ways mentioned in subsection (1) .
(sec.8A-ssec.3) However, a consent for subsection (2) (b) (ii) need not cover all matters mentioned in the provision so long as all matters in the provision relevant to the work the child is to do are covered.
(a) while the child is nude; or
(b) while the child is clothed or covered in another way so— (i) the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or (ii) if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(i) the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
(ii) if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(i) the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
(ii) if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(a) the child is under 12 months; and
(b) a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant— (i) the child working while the child is nude; (ii) the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and
(i) the child working while the child is nude;
(ii) the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and
(c) a parent of the child is present while the child is working in either of the ways mentioned in subsection (1) .
(i) the child working while the child is nude;
(ii) the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and
sec.8B
Prohibition on work as social escort
sec.8B Prohibition on work as social escort
An employer must not require or permit a child to work as a social escort.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
In this section—
health service see the Hospital and Health Boards Act 2011 , schedule 2 .
social escort —
means a person who, under an arrangement of a commercial character, is held out to the public for hire to—
accompany another person to social affairs or to places of entertainment or amusement; or
consort with another person in any place, whether public or private; but
does not include a person who provides the services mentioned in paragraph (a) as part of health services for the other person.
s 8B ins 2010 No. 29 s 21
amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1 ; 2024 No. 23 s 36 sch 1
(sec.8B-ssec.1) An employer must not require or permit a child to work as a social escort. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.8B-ssec.2) In this section— health service see the Hospital and Health Boards Act 2011 , schedule 2 . social escort — means a person who, under an arrangement of a commercial character, is held out to the public for hire to— accompany another person to social affairs or to places of entertainment or amusement; or consort with another person in any place, whether public or private; but does not include a person who provides the services mentioned in paragraph (a) as part of health services for the other person.
(a) means a person who, under an arrangement of a commercial character, is held out to the public for hire to— (i) accompany another person to social affairs or to places of entertainment or amusement; or (ii) consort with another person in any place, whether public or private; but
(i) accompany another person to social affairs or to places of entertainment or amusement; or
(ii) consort with another person in any place, whether public or private; but
(b) does not include a person who provides the services mentioned in paragraph (a) as part of health services for the other person.
(i) accompany another person to social affairs or to places of entertainment or amusement; or
(ii) consort with another person in any place, whether public or private; but
sec.8C
Prohibition on inappropriate roles and situations
sec.8C Prohibition on inappropriate roles and situations
An employer must not require or permit a child to work in a role or situation that is inappropriate for the child, having regard to the child’s age, emotional and psychological development, maturity and sensitivity.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
Without limiting subsection (1) , the child may not—
be exposed to scenes or situations that are likely to distress or embarrass the child; or
be made distressed to obtain a more realistic depiction of a particular emotional reaction; or
perform an act of an explicit sexual nature or be present in an area while another person performs an act of an explicit sexual nature; or
be present while another person is—
nude; or
clothed or covered in another way so—
the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
if the person is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
Subsection (2) (d) does not apply if—
the child is under 12 months; and
a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant—
the child being present while the other person is nude;
the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible;
the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s breasts are visible; and
a parent of the child is present while the child is present and the other person is as mentioned in subsection (2) (d) (i) or (ii) .
However, a consent under subsection (3) (b) (ii) or (iii) need not cover all matters mentioned in the subsection so long as all matters in the subsection relevant to the work the child is to do are covered.
s 8C ins 2013 No. 35 s 28
amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1
(sec.8C-ssec.1) An employer must not require or permit a child to work in a role or situation that is inappropriate for the child, having regard to the child’s age, emotional and psychological development, maturity and sensitivity. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.8C-ssec.2) Without limiting subsection (1) , the child may not— be exposed to scenes or situations that are likely to distress or embarrass the child; or be made distressed to obtain a more realistic depiction of a particular emotional reaction; or perform an act of an explicit sexual nature or be present in an area while another person performs an act of an explicit sexual nature; or be present while another person is— nude; or clothed or covered in another way so— the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or if the person is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(sec.8C-ssec.3) Subsection (2) (d) does not apply if— the child is under 12 months; and a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant— the child being present while the other person is nude; the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s breasts are visible; and a parent of the child is present while the child is present and the other person is as mentioned in subsection (2) (d) (i) or (ii) .
(sec.8C-ssec.4) However, a consent under subsection (3) (b) (ii) or (iii) need not cover all matters mentioned in the subsection so long as all matters in the subsection relevant to the work the child is to do are covered.
(a) be exposed to scenes or situations that are likely to distress or embarrass the child; or
(b) be made distressed to obtain a more realistic depiction of a particular emotional reaction; or
(c) perform an act of an explicit sexual nature or be present in an area while another person performs an act of an explicit sexual nature; or
(d) be present while another person is— (i) nude; or (ii) clothed or covered in another way so— (A) the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or (B) if the person is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(i) nude; or
(ii) clothed or covered in another way so— (A) the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or (B) if the person is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(A) the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
(B) if the person is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(i) nude; or
(ii) clothed or covered in another way so— (A) the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or (B) if the person is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(A) the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
(B) if the person is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(A) the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
(B) if the person is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(a) the child is under 12 months; and
(b) a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant— (i) the child being present while the other person is nude; (ii) the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible; (iii) the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s breasts are visible; and
(i) the child being present while the other person is nude;
(ii) the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible;
(iii) the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s breasts are visible; and
(c) a parent of the child is present while the child is present and the other person is as mentioned in subsection (2) (d) (i) or (ii) .
(i) the child being present while the other person is nude;
(ii) the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s sexual organs or anus are visible;
(iii) the child being present while the other person is clothed or covered in another way so the person’s breasts are visible; and
sec.9
Other restrictions on work performed by children
sec.9 Other restrictions on work performed by children
An employer must not require or permit a child to do work prescribed under a regulation, unless—
the child is at least the age prescribed under the regulation to do the work; or
it is work the child is permitted to do under the regulation.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
An employer must not require or permit a child to work in a way a regulation states the child may not work.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
An employer must not require or permit a child to work when a regulation states the child may not work.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
An employer must not require or permit a child to work unless appropriately supervised by an adult.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
An employer does not commit an offence against subsection (1) , (2) , (3) or (4) if the child is permitted or authorised under an Act or a special circumstances certificate to do the work, or to work in the way, or when, a regulation states the child may not work.
Also, an employer does not commit an offence against subsection (4) if, for a child or work prescribed under a regulation, the employer supervises the child in the way prescribed under the regulation for the work.
See the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 , section 230 , for other provisions restricting a school-aged child’s ability to work.
In this section—
an Act , in subsection (5) , does not include a federal award, federal agreement or industrial instrument, as defined under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 .
This definition displaces the application of the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 7 to the extent of the instruments mentioned in the definition.
s 9 amd 2006 No. 39 s 512 (1) sch 1 ; 2007 No. 23 s 45 ; 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1 ; 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.9-ssec.1) An employer must not require or permit a child to do work prescribed under a regulation, unless— the child is at least the age prescribed under the regulation to do the work; or it is work the child is permitted to do under the regulation. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.9-ssec.2) An employer must not require or permit a child to work in a way a regulation states the child may not work. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.9-ssec.3) An employer must not require or permit a child to work when a regulation states the child may not work. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.9-ssec.4) An employer must not require or permit a child to work unless appropriately supervised by an adult. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.9-ssec.5) An employer does not commit an offence against subsection (1) , (2) , (3) or (4) if the child is permitted or authorised under an Act or a special circumstances certificate to do the work, or to work in the way, or when, a regulation states the child may not work.
(sec.9-ssec.6) Also, an employer does not commit an offence against subsection (4) if, for a child or work prescribed under a regulation, the employer supervises the child in the way prescribed under the regulation for the work. See the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 , section 230 , for other provisions restricting a school-aged child’s ability to work.
(sec.9-ssec.7) In this section— an Act , in subsection (5) , does not include a federal award, federal agreement or industrial instrument, as defined under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 . This definition displaces the application of the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 7 to the extent of the instruments mentioned in the definition.
(a) the child is at least the age prescribed under the regulation to do the work; or
(b) it is work the child is permitted to do under the regulation.
sec.10
Authority needed before school-aged or young children can work
sec.10 Authority needed before school-aged or young children can work
An employer must not require or permit a school-aged or young child to perform work unless the employer has—
a parent’s consent form for the school-aged or young child; or
if the child is a school-aged child and does not have a parent’s consent form—a special circumstances certificate authorising the school-aged child to perform work when the school-aged child is not required to attend school.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
Subsection (1) does not apply if—
the employer is a parent of the school-aged or young child; or
the school-aged or young child started work for the employer before the commencement of this section.
In this section—
parent’s consent form , for a school-aged or young child, means an approved form, signed by a parent of the school-aged or young child, that includes—
the school-aged or young child’s date of birth; and
the name of the school-aged or young child’s employer or proposed employer; and
a statement that the parent consents to the school-aged or young child performing work for the employer; and
for a school-aged child—information about when the school-aged child is required to attend school.
s 10 amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1
(sec.10-ssec.1) An employer must not require or permit a school-aged or young child to perform work unless the employer has— a parent’s consent form for the school-aged or young child; or if the child is a school-aged child and does not have a parent’s consent form—a special circumstances certificate authorising the school-aged child to perform work when the school-aged child is not required to attend school. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.10-ssec.2) Subsection (1) does not apply if— the employer is a parent of the school-aged or young child; or the school-aged or young child started work for the employer before the commencement of this section.
(sec.10-ssec.3) In this section— parent’s consent form , for a school-aged or young child, means an approved form, signed by a parent of the school-aged or young child, that includes— the school-aged or young child’s date of birth; and the name of the school-aged or young child’s employer or proposed employer; and a statement that the parent consents to the school-aged or young child performing work for the employer; and for a school-aged child—information about when the school-aged child is required to attend school.
(a) a parent’s consent form for the school-aged or young child; or
(b) if the child is a school-aged child and does not have a parent’s consent form—a special circumstances certificate authorising the school-aged child to perform work when the school-aged child is not required to attend school.
(a) the employer is a parent of the school-aged or young child; or
(b) the school-aged or young child started work for the employer before the commencement of this section.
(a) the school-aged or young child’s date of birth; and
(b) the name of the school-aged or young child’s employer or proposed employer; and
(c) a statement that the parent consents to the school-aged or young child performing work for the employer; and
(d) for a school-aged child—information about when the school-aged child is required to attend school.
sec.11
School-aged children must not work during school hours
sec.11 School-aged children must not work during school hours
An employer must not require or permit a school-aged child to perform work when the school-aged child is required to attend school—
as stated in the parent’s consent form; or
if the school-aged child does not have a parent’s consent form and is authorised to work under a special circumstances certificate when the school-aged child is not required to attend school—as stated in the special circumstances certificate.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
A parent of a school-aged child who is performing work must, within 14 days after becoming aware of a change in the hours when the school-aged child is required to attend school, if the parent consents to the school-aged child continuing in the employment—
complete a parent’s consent form; and
give the parent’s consent form to the school-aged child’s employer.
A failure to comply with subsection (2) is not an offence against this Act. However, the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 , section 230 , creates offences for parents, as defined under that Act, who permit a school-aged child to be employed when the child is required to attend school.
Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply if the employer is a parent of the school-aged child.
It is enough for subsection (2) if 1 parent of the school-aged child who consents to the school-aged child continuing in the employment completes a parent’s consent form and gives it to the school-aged child’s employer.
s 11 amd 2006 No. 39 s 512 (1) sch 1 ; 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1
(sec.11-ssec.1) An employer must not require or permit a school-aged child to perform work when the school-aged child is required to attend school— as stated in the parent’s consent form; or if the school-aged child does not have a parent’s consent form and is authorised to work under a special circumstances certificate when the school-aged child is not required to attend school—as stated in the special circumstances certificate. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.11-ssec.2) A parent of a school-aged child who is performing work must, within 14 days after becoming aware of a change in the hours when the school-aged child is required to attend school, if the parent consents to the school-aged child continuing in the employment— complete a parent’s consent form; and give the parent’s consent form to the school-aged child’s employer. A failure to comply with subsection (2) is not an offence against this Act. However, the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 , section 230 , creates offences for parents, as defined under that Act, who permit a school-aged child to be employed when the child is required to attend school.
(sec.11-ssec.3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply if the employer is a parent of the school-aged child.
(sec.11-ssec.4) It is enough for subsection (2) if 1 parent of the school-aged child who consents to the school-aged child continuing in the employment completes a parent’s consent form and gives it to the school-aged child’s employer.
(a) as stated in the parent’s consent form; or
(b) if the school-aged child does not have a parent’s consent form and is authorised to work under a special circumstances certificate when the school-aged child is not required to attend school—as stated in the special circumstances certificate.
(a) complete a parent’s consent form; and
(b) give the parent’s consent form to the school-aged child’s employer.
sec.12
Chief executive may authorise a child to do particular work
sec.12 Chief executive may authorise a child to do particular work
A child, or an adult on the child’s behalf, may apply to the chief executive, in writing, for a certificate under this section ( special circumstances certificate ) for the child.
The application must—
state, in enough detail to allow the chief executive to properly consider the application, what is sought to be authorised by the special circumstances certificate; and
if the child is a school-aged child, state when the child is required to attend school; and
be supported by—
a parent of the child, unless the child does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents; and
if the application is made by an adult—the child; and
if the person making the application is not the child’s employer—the child’s employer or proposed employer; and
the information required under a regulation; and
any other information the chief executive reasonably requires to decide the application.
A special circumstances certificate may authorise—
a child—
to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or
to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or
to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or
to work without supervision by an adult; or
if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school; or
an employer to permit a child—
to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or
to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or
to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or
to work without supervision by an adult; or
if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school.
The chief executive may grant a special circumstances certificate for a child only if the chief executive is satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, having regard to the child’s particular circumstances, the work—
will not interfere with the child’s schooling; and
will not be harmful to the child’s health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
The chief executive may impose conditions on the special circumstances certificate and may review the special circumstances certificate at any time the chief executive considers appropriate.
A regulation may prescribe matters the chief executive must take into account when considering whether to grant a special circumstances certificate.
An employer who requires or permits a child to work in contravention of a special circumstances certificate granted for the child commits an offence.
Maximum penalty for subsection (7) —100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
s 12 amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1
(sec.12-ssec.1) A child, or an adult on the child’s behalf, may apply to the chief executive, in writing, for a certificate under this section ( special circumstances certificate ) for the child.
(sec.12-ssec.2) The application must— state, in enough detail to allow the chief executive to properly consider the application, what is sought to be authorised by the special circumstances certificate; and if the child is a school-aged child, state when the child is required to attend school; and be supported by— a parent of the child, unless the child does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents; and if the application is made by an adult—the child; and if the person making the application is not the child’s employer—the child’s employer or proposed employer; and the information required under a regulation; and any other information the chief executive reasonably requires to decide the application.
(sec.12-ssec.3) A special circumstances certificate may authorise— a child— to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or to work without supervision by an adult; or if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school; or an employer to permit a child— to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or to work without supervision by an adult; or if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school.
(sec.12-ssec.4) The chief executive may grant a special circumstances certificate for a child only if the chief executive is satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, having regard to the child’s particular circumstances, the work— will not interfere with the child’s schooling; and will not be harmful to the child’s health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
(sec.12-ssec.5) The chief executive may impose conditions on the special circumstances certificate and may review the special circumstances certificate at any time the chief executive considers appropriate.
(sec.12-ssec.6) A regulation may prescribe matters the chief executive must take into account when considering whether to grant a special circumstances certificate.
(sec.12-ssec.7) An employer who requires or permits a child to work in contravention of a special circumstances certificate granted for the child commits an offence. Maximum penalty for subsection (7) —100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(a) state, in enough detail to allow the chief executive to properly consider the application, what is sought to be authorised by the special circumstances certificate; and
(b) if the child is a school-aged child, state when the child is required to attend school; and
(c) be supported by— (i) a parent of the child, unless the child does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents; and (ii) if the application is made by an adult—the child; and (iii) if the person making the application is not the child’s employer—the child’s employer or proposed employer; and (iv) the information required under a regulation; and (v) any other information the chief executive reasonably requires to decide the application.
(i) a parent of the child, unless the child does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents; and
(ii) if the application is made by an adult—the child; and
(iii) if the person making the application is not the child’s employer—the child’s employer or proposed employer; and
(iv) the information required under a regulation; and
(v) any other information the chief executive reasonably requires to decide the application.
(i) a parent of the child, unless the child does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents; and
(ii) if the application is made by an adult—the child; and
(iii) if the person making the application is not the child’s employer—the child’s employer or proposed employer; and
(iv) the information required under a regulation; and
(v) any other information the chief executive reasonably requires to decide the application.
(a) a child— (i) to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or (ii) to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or (iii) to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or (iv) to work without supervision by an adult; or (v) if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school; or
(i) to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or
(ii) to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or
(iii) to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or
(iv) to work without supervision by an adult; or
(v) if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school; or
(b) an employer to permit a child— (i) to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or (ii) to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or (iii) to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or (iv) to work without supervision by an adult; or (v) if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school.
(i) to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or
(ii) to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or
(iii) to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or
(iv) to work without supervision by an adult; or
(v) if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school.
(i) to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or
(ii) to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or
(iii) to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or
(iv) to work without supervision by an adult; or
(v) if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school; or
(i) to do work a regulation states a child may not do; or
(ii) to work in a way a regulation states a child may not work; or
(iii) to work when a regulation states a child may not work; or
(iv) to work without supervision by an adult; or
(v) if the child is a school-aged child who does not have a parent or lives independently from his or her parents—to work without having a parent’s consent form when the school-aged child is not required to attend school.
(a) will not interfere with the child’s schooling; and
(b) will not be harmful to the child’s health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
sec.13
Chief executive may prohibit a child doing particular work or limit the work the child may do
sec.13 Chief executive may prohibit a child doing particular work or limit the work the child may do
The chief executive may issue a signed notice ( work limitation notice ) for a particular child or a particular employer.
The work limitation notice may—
prohibit—
a child doing stated work for an employer or proposed employer the child would otherwise be permitted to do; or
children doing stated work for a stated employer; or
impose limitations on work—
a child would otherwise be permitted to do for an employer or proposed employer; or
children may do for a stated employer.
The chief executive may issue a work limitation notice if the chief executive reasonably believes work stated in the work limitation notice—
may interfere with the schooling of a child or children affected by the work limitation notice; or
may be harmful to the health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development of a child or children affected by the work limitation notice.
The chief executive—
may issue a work limitation notice on application or on the chief executive’s own initiative; and
must give an issued work limitation notice to the employer or proposed employer affected by the work limitation notice.
However, the chief executive must not issue a work limitation notice to an employer or proposed employer (the employer ) without first—
giving the employer written notice of the application or proposal to issue a work limitation notice; and
inviting the employer to make a written submission about why the work limitation notice should not be issued.
A written submission mentioned in subsection (5) must be given to the chief executive within 7 days after receiving the notice or the further time the chief executive allows.
The chief executive must consider a written submission made under subsection (6) .
The chief executive may review a work limitation notice at any time the chief executive considers appropriate.
A regulation may prescribe matters the chief executive must take into account when considering whether to issue a work limitation notice.
An employer who requires or permits a child to work in contravention of a work limitation notice issued for the child or employer commits an offence.
Maximum penalty for subsection (10) —100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
s 13 amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1
(sec.13-ssec.1) The chief executive may issue a signed notice ( work limitation notice ) for a particular child or a particular employer.
(sec.13-ssec.2) The work limitation notice may— prohibit— a child doing stated work for an employer or proposed employer the child would otherwise be permitted to do; or children doing stated work for a stated employer; or impose limitations on work— a child would otherwise be permitted to do for an employer or proposed employer; or children may do for a stated employer.
(sec.13-ssec.3) The chief executive may issue a work limitation notice if the chief executive reasonably believes work stated in the work limitation notice— may interfere with the schooling of a child or children affected by the work limitation notice; or may be harmful to the health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development of a child or children affected by the work limitation notice.
(sec.13-ssec.4) The chief executive— may issue a work limitation notice on application or on the chief executive’s own initiative; and must give an issued work limitation notice to the employer or proposed employer affected by the work limitation notice.
(sec.13-ssec.5) However, the chief executive must not issue a work limitation notice to an employer or proposed employer (the employer ) without first— giving the employer written notice of the application or proposal to issue a work limitation notice; and inviting the employer to make a written submission about why the work limitation notice should not be issued.
(sec.13-ssec.6) A written submission mentioned in subsection (5) must be given to the chief executive within 7 days after receiving the notice or the further time the chief executive allows.
(sec.13-ssec.7) The chief executive must consider a written submission made under subsection (6) .
(sec.13-ssec.8) The chief executive may review a work limitation notice at any time the chief executive considers appropriate.
(sec.13-ssec.9) A regulation may prescribe matters the chief executive must take into account when considering whether to issue a work limitation notice.
(sec.13-ssec.10) An employer who requires or permits a child to work in contravention of a work limitation notice issued for the child or employer commits an offence. Maximum penalty for subsection (10) —100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(a) prohibit— (i) a child doing stated work for an employer or proposed employer the child would otherwise be permitted to do; or (ii) children doing stated work for a stated employer; or
(i) a child doing stated work for an employer or proposed employer the child would otherwise be permitted to do; or
(ii) children doing stated work for a stated employer; or
(b) impose limitations on work— (i) a child would otherwise be permitted to do for an employer or proposed employer; or (ii) children may do for a stated employer.
(i) a child would otherwise be permitted to do for an employer or proposed employer; or
(ii) children may do for a stated employer.
(i) a child doing stated work for an employer or proposed employer the child would otherwise be permitted to do; or
(ii) children doing stated work for a stated employer; or
(i) a child would otherwise be permitted to do for an employer or proposed employer; or
(ii) children may do for a stated employer.
(a) may interfere with the schooling of a child or children affected by the work limitation notice; or
(b) may be harmful to the health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development of a child or children affected by the work limitation notice.
(a) may issue a work limitation notice on application or on the chief executive’s own initiative; and
(b) must give an issued work limitation notice to the employer or proposed employer affected by the work limitation notice.
(a) giving the employer written notice of the application or proposal to issue a work limitation notice; and
(b) inviting the employer to make a written submission about why the work limitation notice should not be issued.
sec.14
Certificate or notice to be given or refusal advised
sec.14 Certificate or notice to be given or refusal advised
If the chief executive decides to grant a special circumstances certificate or to issue a work limitation notice, the chief executive must give an affected person a copy of the special circumstances certificate or the work limitation notice.
If the chief executive decides not to grant a special circumstances certificate, the chief executive must give an affected person written notice of the decision.
If the chief executive decides not to issue a work limitation notice after receiving an application to issue the work limitation notice, the chief executive must give written notice of the decision to any affected person who applied for its issue and the employer.
In this section—
affected person means—
a child affected by the special circumstances certificate or work limitation notice; or
if a parent of the child made the application—the parent; or
the child’s employer or proposed employer; or
another person who the chief executive reasonably believes has a sufficient interest in the matter.
(sec.14-ssec.1) If the chief executive decides to grant a special circumstances certificate or to issue a work limitation notice, the chief executive must give an affected person a copy of the special circumstances certificate or the work limitation notice.
(sec.14-ssec.2) If the chief executive decides not to grant a special circumstances certificate, the chief executive must give an affected person written notice of the decision.
(sec.14-ssec.3) If the chief executive decides not to issue a work limitation notice after receiving an application to issue the work limitation notice, the chief executive must give written notice of the decision to any affected person who applied for its issue and the employer.
(sec.14-ssec.4) In this section— affected person means— a child affected by the special circumstances certificate or work limitation notice; or if a parent of the child made the application—the parent; or the child’s employer or proposed employer; or another person who the chief executive reasonably believes has a sufficient interest in the matter.
(a) a child affected by the special circumstances certificate or work limitation notice; or
(b) if a parent of the child made the application—the parent; or
(c) the child’s employer or proposed employer; or
(d) another person who the chief executive reasonably believes has a sufficient interest in the matter.
sec.15
Chief executive to give reasons if asked
sec.15 Chief executive to give reasons if asked
An affected person may ask the chief executive for an information notice about the decision within 21 days after being given notice of the decision.
pt.2A
Minimum employment conditions for children
Minimum employment conditions for children
pt.2A-div.1
Employment conditions
Employment conditions
sec.15A
Application of pt 2A
sec.15A Application of pt 2A
This part applies to the employment of a child by a constitutional corporation if the child is employed under—
an agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) entered into after 26 March 2006; or
an arrangement entered into after 26 March 2006 that is not an agreement mentioned in paragraph (a) ; or
a preserved collective State agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) that has been terminated and not replaced by an agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) or an arrangement mentioned in paragraph (b) .
However, this part applies to the employment of a child by a constitutional corporation only if—
a State award or order is in force that covers employees who perform similar work to that performed by the child but are not employed by a constitutional corporation; or
entitlements or protections under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 2 , part 3 and the provisions continued under section 1019 of that Act cover employees who perform similar work to that performed by the child but are not employed by a constitutional corporation.
Also, for this part, a child to whom subsection (1) (b) applies is taken to be employed under an arrangement.
s 15A ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2013 No. 61 s 117 sch 1 pt 2 ; 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15A-ssec.1) This part applies to the employment of a child by a constitutional corporation if the child is employed under— an agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) entered into after 26 March 2006; or an arrangement entered into after 26 March 2006 that is not an agreement mentioned in paragraph (a) ; or a preserved collective State agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) that has been terminated and not replaced by an agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) or an arrangement mentioned in paragraph (b) .
(sec.15A-ssec.2) However, this part applies to the employment of a child by a constitutional corporation only if— a State award or order is in force that covers employees who perform similar work to that performed by the child but are not employed by a constitutional corporation; or entitlements or protections under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 2 , part 3 and the provisions continued under section 1019 of that Act cover employees who perform similar work to that performed by the child but are not employed by a constitutional corporation.
(sec.15A-ssec.3) Also, for this part, a child to whom subsection (1) (b) applies is taken to be employed under an arrangement.
(a) an agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) entered into after 26 March 2006; or
(b) an arrangement entered into after 26 March 2006 that is not an agreement mentioned in paragraph (a) ; or
(c) a preserved collective State agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) that has been terminated and not replaced by an agreement under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth) or an arrangement mentioned in paragraph (b) .
(a) a State award or order is in force that covers employees who perform similar work to that performed by the child but are not employed by a constitutional corporation; or
(b) entitlements or protections under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 2 , part 3 and the provisions continued under section 1019 of that Act cover employees who perform similar work to that performed by the child but are not employed by a constitutional corporation.
sec.15B
Employer to ensure child is not disadvantaged in relation to employment conditions
sec.15B Employer to ensure child is not disadvantaged in relation to employment conditions
An employer of a child to whose employment this part applies (an affected employer ) must ensure that the agreement or arrangement under which the child is employed does not disadvantage the child in relation to the child’s employment conditions.
An agreement or arrangement disadvantages a child in relation to the child’s employment conditions only if the agreement or arrangement reduces the child’s employment entitlements or protections.
In this section—
employment entitlements or protections , in relation to a child’s employment conditions, means the entitlements or protections that cover an employee performing similar work to that performed by the child under—
a State award or order; or
the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 2 , part 3 and the provisions continued under section 1019 of that Act.
s 15B ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2013 No. 61 s 117 sch 1 pt 2 ; 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15B-ssec.1) An employer of a child to whose employment this part applies (an affected employer ) must ensure that the agreement or arrangement under which the child is employed does not disadvantage the child in relation to the child’s employment conditions.
(sec.15B-ssec.2) An agreement or arrangement disadvantages a child in relation to the child’s employment conditions only if the agreement or arrangement reduces the child’s employment entitlements or protections.
(sec.15B-ssec.3) In this section— employment entitlements or protections , in relation to a child’s employment conditions, means the entitlements or protections that cover an employee performing similar work to that performed by the child under— a State award or order; or the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 2 , part 3 and the provisions continued under section 1019 of that Act.
(a) a State award or order; or
(b) the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 2 , part 3 and the provisions continued under section 1019 of that Act.
sec.15C
Industrial commission may decide whether agreement or arrangement reduces child’s employment entitlements or protections for s 15B
sec.15C Industrial commission may decide whether agreement or arrangement reduces child’s employment entitlements or protections for s 15B
On the application of an inspector, or in a proceeding before the industrial commission under this part, including an appeal, the industrial commission may decide whether an agreement or arrangement reduces a child’s employment entitlements or protections.
For subsection (1) , the way the industrial commission decides whether an agreement or arrangement reduces a child’s employment entitlements or protections must be as nearly as possible the way it would decide the same question under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 4 , part 5 , division 3 in a proceeding before the industrial commission under that Act.
The Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 4 , part 5 , division 3 is about the no-disadvantage test under that Act.
s 15C ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2011 No. 4 s 69 sch pt 1 ; 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15C-ssec.1) On the application of an inspector, or in a proceeding before the industrial commission under this part, including an appeal, the industrial commission may decide whether an agreement or arrangement reduces a child’s employment entitlements or protections.
(sec.15C-ssec.2) For subsection (1) , the way the industrial commission decides whether an agreement or arrangement reduces a child’s employment entitlements or protections must be as nearly as possible the way it would decide the same question under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 4 , part 5 , division 3 in a proceeding before the industrial commission under that Act. The Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 4 , part 5 , division 3 is about the no-disadvantage test under that Act.
sec.15D
Affected employer to display State award or order at workplace
sec.15D Affected employer to display State award or order at workplace
An affected employer of a child must ensure a copy of a State award or order that is in force and covers employees performing similar work to that performed for the employer by the child is conspicuously displayed at the place where the child is employed.
Maximum penalty—20 penalty units.
s 15D ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
sec.15E
Record keeping
sec.15E Record keeping
An affected employer of a child must keep the same time and wages record for the child as the employer would be required under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 339 to keep if that section applied to the employer in relation to the child’s employment.
Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
The affected employer must keep the record in the same way and for the same time as the employer would be required under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 339 to keep the record.
Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
Also, an affected employer must, if the child asks, give the child a certificate of the same kind as an employer would be required to give an employee under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 339 (5) if that section applied to the employer in relation to the child’s employment.
Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
This section does not limit section 39 (2) (d) .
s 15E ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15E-ssec.1) An affected employer of a child must keep the same time and wages record for the child as the employer would be required under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 339 to keep if that section applied to the employer in relation to the child’s employment. Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
(sec.15E-ssec.2) The affected employer must keep the record in the same way and for the same time as the employer would be required under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 339 to keep the record. Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
(sec.15E-ssec.3) Also, an affected employer must, if the child asks, give the child a certificate of the same kind as an employer would be required to give an employee under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 339 (5) if that section applied to the employer in relation to the child’s employment. Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
(sec.15E-ssec.4) This section does not limit section 39 (2) (d) .
pt.2A-div.2
Compliance notices
Compliance notices
sec.15F
Issue of compliance notice
sec.15F Issue of compliance notice
This section applies if an inspector considers an affected employer—
is contravening section 15B ; or
has contravened section 15B in circumstances that make it likely that the affected employer will continue to contravene that section or repeat the contravention.
The inspector may issue to the affected employer a notice ( compliance notice ) requiring the employer to remedy the contravention or the matters giving rise to the contravention within a stated period, of not less than 14 days, after the issue of the notice or the shorter period stated under subsection (4) .
The affected employer must comply with the compliance notice, unless the employer has a reasonable excuse.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
For subsection (2) , an inspector may state a period of less than 14 days after the issue of the compliance notice if the inspector is satisfied it is reasonably practicable for the employer to comply with the notice within the stated shorter period.
The compliance notice must—
state the inspector’s reasons for issuing the notice; and
include information about the affected employer’s right to appeal against the issue of the notice or the terms of the notice to the industrial commission.
s 15F ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
(sec.15F-ssec.1) This section applies if an inspector considers an affected employer— is contravening section 15B ; or has contravened section 15B in circumstances that make it likely that the affected employer will continue to contravene that section or repeat the contravention.
(sec.15F-ssec.2) The inspector may issue to the affected employer a notice ( compliance notice ) requiring the employer to remedy the contravention or the matters giving rise to the contravention within a stated period, of not less than 14 days, after the issue of the notice or the shorter period stated under subsection (4) .
(sec.15F-ssec.3) The affected employer must comply with the compliance notice, unless the employer has a reasonable excuse. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
(sec.15F-ssec.4) For subsection (2) , an inspector may state a period of less than 14 days after the issue of the compliance notice if the inspector is satisfied it is reasonably practicable for the employer to comply with the notice within the stated shorter period.
(sec.15F-ssec.5) The compliance notice must— state the inspector’s reasons for issuing the notice; and include information about the affected employer’s right to appeal against the issue of the notice or the terms of the notice to the industrial commission.
(a) is contravening section 15B ; or
(b) has contravened section 15B in circumstances that make it likely that the affected employer will continue to contravene that section or repeat the contravention.
(a) state the inspector’s reasons for issuing the notice; and
(b) include information about the affected employer’s right to appeal against the issue of the notice or the terms of the notice to the industrial commission.
sec.15G
Compliance notice may include directions
sec.15G Compliance notice may include directions
An inspector may include in a compliance notice directions in relation to the steps an affected employer must take to remedy a contravention or a matter to which the notice relates or to otherwise comply with the notice.
Without limiting subsection (1) , a direction may require an affected employer to pay to a child an amount worked out by the inspector that would have been payable to the child under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 or a State award or order applying to the child’s employment if the employment was not covered by an agreement or arrangement to which this part applies.
Also, a direction may offer an affected employer a choice of ways in which the affected employer may remedy the contravention or matter or comply with the notice.
s 15G ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15G-ssec.1) An inspector may include in a compliance notice directions in relation to the steps an affected employer must take to remedy a contravention or a matter to which the notice relates or to otherwise comply with the notice.
(sec.15G-ssec.2) Without limiting subsection (1) , a direction may require an affected employer to pay to a child an amount worked out by the inspector that would have been payable to the child under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 or a State award or order applying to the child’s employment if the employment was not covered by an agreement or arrangement to which this part applies.
(sec.15G-ssec.3) Also, a direction may offer an affected employer a choice of ways in which the affected employer may remedy the contravention or matter or comply with the notice.
sec.15H
Withdrawal of compliance notice
sec.15H Withdrawal of compliance notice
If, at any time, the inspector who issued a compliance notice to an affected employer or another inspector authorised by the chief executive for the purpose (both the appropriate inspector ) is satisfied the compliance notice was issued in error or was incorrect, the appropriate inspector may withdraw the compliance notice by signed notice given to the affected employer.
The withdrawal has effect when notice of the withdrawal is given to the affected employer.
s 15H ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
(sec.15H-ssec.1) If, at any time, the inspector who issued a compliance notice to an affected employer or another inspector authorised by the chief executive for the purpose (both the appropriate inspector ) is satisfied the compliance notice was issued in error or was incorrect, the appropriate inspector may withdraw the compliance notice by signed notice given to the affected employer.
(sec.15H-ssec.2) The withdrawal has effect when notice of the withdrawal is given to the affected employer.
sec.15I
Industrial magistrate’s powers in proceeding for compliance notice offence
sec.15I Industrial magistrate’s powers in proceeding for compliance notice offence
This section applies in relation to a proceeding against an affected employer for a charge of a compliance notice offence.
If an industrial magistrate finds the affected employer guilty of the compliance notice offence, the industrial magistrate may, in addition to any penalty that may be imposed for the offence, order the affected employer to pay to each affected child the compliance notice amount for the child or the amount the industrial magistrate considers appropriate for the child.
Subsection (2) applies whether there is a finding of guilt or the acceptance of a plea of guilty in relation to the compliance notice offence and whether or not a conviction is recorded for the offence.
However, if the industrial magistrate does not find the affected employer guilty of the compliance notice offence but, on the balance of probabilities, is satisfied the affected employer should be required to pay an amount to each affected child, the industrial magistrate may order the affected employer to pay to each affected child the compliance notice amount for the child or the amount the industrial magistrate considers appropriate for the child.
The industrial magistrate may make the order despite any express or implied provision of an agreement and on the terms the industrial magistrate considers appropriate.
Without limiting the powers of an industrial magistrate in a proceeding for a compliance notice offence, the industrial magistrate may, before making an order against an affected employer under this section, order that an inspector make an application under section 15N and adjourn the proceeding until a date fixed by the court or a date to be fixed without making a finding of guilt against the employer.
If the industrial commission makes an order of the kind mentioned in section 15O (2) or (3) on an application under section 15N , the industrial magistrate must not make an order under subsection (4) .
In this section—
affected child , in relation to a compliance notice, means a child who is covered by an agreement or arrangement that is the subject of the compliance notice.
compliance notice amount means the amount stated in a direction in a compliance notice as the amount an affected employer must pay to a child.
compliance notice offence means an offence against section 15F (3) .
s 15I ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
(sec.15I-ssec.1) This section applies in relation to a proceeding against an affected employer for a charge of a compliance notice offence.
(sec.15I-ssec.2) If an industrial magistrate finds the affected employer guilty of the compliance notice offence, the industrial magistrate may, in addition to any penalty that may be imposed for the offence, order the affected employer to pay to each affected child the compliance notice amount for the child or the amount the industrial magistrate considers appropriate for the child.
(sec.15I-ssec.3) Subsection (2) applies whether there is a finding of guilt or the acceptance of a plea of guilty in relation to the compliance notice offence and whether or not a conviction is recorded for the offence.
(sec.15I-ssec.4) However, if the industrial magistrate does not find the affected employer guilty of the compliance notice offence but, on the balance of probabilities, is satisfied the affected employer should be required to pay an amount to each affected child, the industrial magistrate may order the affected employer to pay to each affected child the compliance notice amount for the child or the amount the industrial magistrate considers appropriate for the child.
(sec.15I-ssec.5) The industrial magistrate may make the order despite any express or implied provision of an agreement and on the terms the industrial magistrate considers appropriate.
(sec.15I-ssec.6) Without limiting the powers of an industrial magistrate in a proceeding for a compliance notice offence, the industrial magistrate may, before making an order against an affected employer under this section, order that an inspector make an application under section 15N and adjourn the proceeding until a date fixed by the court or a date to be fixed without making a finding of guilt against the employer.
(sec.15I-ssec.7) If the industrial commission makes an order of the kind mentioned in section 15O (2) or (3) on an application under section 15N , the industrial magistrate must not make an order under subsection (4) .
(sec.15I-ssec.8) In this section— affected child , in relation to a compliance notice, means a child who is covered by an agreement or arrangement that is the subject of the compliance notice. compliance notice amount means the amount stated in a direction in a compliance notice as the amount an affected employer must pay to a child. compliance notice offence means an offence against section 15F (3) .
sec.15J
Appeals
sec.15J Appeals
An affected employer to whom a compliance notice is issued may appeal against the issue of the notice or the terms of the notice to the industrial commission.
The procedures for the appeal must be as nearly as possible the same procedures as the procedures for an appeal under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 11 , part 6 .
In particular, the appeal—
must be started within 21 days after the person is given the compliance notice; and
does not stay the operation of the notice appealed against unless the industrial commission otherwise orders.
However, the industrial commission may extend the time for starting an appeal.
A defect in the compliance notice does not affect an affected employer’s right to appeal against the issue of the compliance notice or the terms of the notice.
s 15J ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15J-ssec.1) An affected employer to whom a compliance notice is issued may appeal against the issue of the notice or the terms of the notice to the industrial commission.
(sec.15J-ssec.2) The procedures for the appeal must be as nearly as possible the same procedures as the procedures for an appeal under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 11 , part 6 .
(sec.15J-ssec.3) In particular, the appeal— must be started within 21 days after the person is given the compliance notice; and does not stay the operation of the notice appealed against unless the industrial commission otherwise orders.
(sec.15J-ssec.4) However, the industrial commission may extend the time for starting an appeal.
(sec.15J-ssec.5) A defect in the compliance notice does not affect an affected employer’s right to appeal against the issue of the compliance notice or the terms of the notice.
(a) must be started within 21 days after the person is given the compliance notice; and
(b) does not stay the operation of the notice appealed against unless the industrial commission otherwise orders.
sec.15K
Decision on appeal
sec.15K Decision on appeal
The industrial commission may—
confirm the compliance notice appealed against; or
allow the appeal and vary the compliance notice in the way the commission considers appropriate; or
allow the appeal and revoke the compliance notice.
For deciding the appeal, the powers of the industrial commission under this part are—
the same powers as the industrial commission has in relation to any proceeding for an appeal started under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 ; and
the powers an inspector has under this part.
Also, if, the industrial commission confirms a compliance notice, it may, in the same proceeding, decide any application under section 15N for orders in relation to the contravention to which the compliance notice relates.
s 15K ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15K-ssec.1) The industrial commission may— confirm the compliance notice appealed against; or allow the appeal and vary the compliance notice in the way the commission considers appropriate; or allow the appeal and revoke the compliance notice.
(sec.15K-ssec.2) For deciding the appeal, the powers of the industrial commission under this part are— the same powers as the industrial commission has in relation to any proceeding for an appeal started under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 ; and the powers an inspector has under this part.
(sec.15K-ssec.3) Also, if, the industrial commission confirms a compliance notice, it may, in the same proceeding, decide any application under section 15N for orders in relation to the contravention to which the compliance notice relates.
(a) confirm the compliance notice appealed against; or
(b) allow the appeal and vary the compliance notice in the way the commission considers appropriate; or
(c) allow the appeal and revoke the compliance notice.
(a) the same powers as the industrial commission has in relation to any proceeding for an appeal started under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 ; and
(b) the powers an inspector has under this part.
sec.15L
Revocation or withdrawal of compliance notice does not prevent issue of another notice
sec.15L Revocation or withdrawal of compliance notice does not prevent issue of another notice
The revocation or withdrawal of a compliance notice issued to an affected employer does not prevent an inspector from issuing another compliance notice to the affected employer.
s 15L ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
sec.15M
Proceedings for offence not affected by compliance notice
sec.15M Proceedings for offence not affected by compliance notice
The issue, variation, revocation or withdrawal of a compliance notice does not affect any proceeding for an offence against this Act or for the recovery of an amount in connection with a matter for which the notice was issued.
s 15M ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
sec.15N
Inspector may apply to industrial commission in relation to contravention
sec.15N Inspector may apply to industrial commission in relation to contravention
An inspector may apply to the industrial commission for a decision whether an affected employer—
is contravening section 15B ; or
has contravened section 15B in circumstances that make it likely that the affected employer will continue to contravene that section or repeat the contravention.
The application may be made whether or not a compliance notice has been issued to the affected employer.
If the application is made because of non-compliance with a compliance notice and relates to a direction in the notice to pay a child an amount, the application must be made within 6 years after the amount became payable.
However, the application can not relate to an amount payable before 27 March 2006.
s 15N ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
(sec.15N-ssec.1) An inspector may apply to the industrial commission for a decision whether an affected employer— is contravening section 15B ; or has contravened section 15B in circumstances that make it likely that the affected employer will continue to contravene that section or repeat the contravention.
(sec.15N-ssec.2) The application may be made whether or not a compliance notice has been issued to the affected employer.
(sec.15N-ssec.3) If the application is made because of non-compliance with a compliance notice and relates to a direction in the notice to pay a child an amount, the application must be made within 6 years after the amount became payable.
(sec.15N-ssec.4) However, the application can not relate to an amount payable before 27 March 2006.
(a) is contravening section 15B ; or
(b) has contravened section 15B in circumstances that make it likely that the affected employer will continue to contravene that section or repeat the contravention.
sec.15O
Consideration of s 15N application
sec.15O Consideration of s 15N application
This section applies if, after considering an application under section 15N , the industrial commission decides the affected employer is contravening or has contravened section 15B .
The industrial commission may order the affected employer to remedy the contravention or the matter of the contravention as required under the compliance notice or in another way.
Also, if the matter of the non-compliance relates to a direction in a compliance notice to pay a child a stated amount, the industrial commission must make an order of the kind mentioned in the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 477(1)(a) .
The industrial commission may make an order under subsection (3) despite any express or implied provision of an agreement to the contrary and may order the payment to be made on the terms the industrial commission considers appropriate.
To the extent an order made under subsection (3) relates to contributions to a superannuation fund, the industrial commission may, in the order, require the contributions to be paid in the same way as it could if the order was made under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 477 (2) on an application of a kind mentioned in section 476 of that Act.
If the order includes a requirement about superannuation contributions and either of the following applies, the contributions must be paid to the unclaimed moneys fund—
the child can not be located after reasonable inquiry;
after being required to do so, the child does not nominate a superannuation fund for the purposes of the order.
s 15O ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2010 No. 42 s 214 sch ; 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15O-ssec.1) This section applies if, after considering an application under section 15N , the industrial commission decides the affected employer is contravening or has contravened section 15B .
(sec.15O-ssec.2) The industrial commission may order the affected employer to remedy the contravention or the matter of the contravention as required under the compliance notice or in another way.
(sec.15O-ssec.3) Also, if the matter of the non-compliance relates to a direction in a compliance notice to pay a child a stated amount, the industrial commission must make an order of the kind mentioned in the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 477(1)(a) .
(sec.15O-ssec.4) The industrial commission may make an order under subsection (3) despite any express or implied provision of an agreement to the contrary and may order the payment to be made on the terms the industrial commission considers appropriate.
(sec.15O-ssec.5) To the extent an order made under subsection (3) relates to contributions to a superannuation fund, the industrial commission may, in the order, require the contributions to be paid in the same way as it could if the order was made under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , section 477 (2) on an application of a kind mentioned in section 476 of that Act.
(sec.15O-ssec.6) If the order includes a requirement about superannuation contributions and either of the following applies, the contributions must be paid to the unclaimed moneys fund— the child can not be located after reasonable inquiry; after being required to do so, the child does not nominate a superannuation fund for the purposes of the order.
(a) the child can not be located after reasonable inquiry;
(b) after being required to do so, the child does not nominate a superannuation fund for the purposes of the order.
pt.2B
Dismissal of children by constitutional corporation
Dismissal of children by constitutional corporation
sec.15P
Dismissal by constitutional corporation
sec.15P Dismissal by constitutional corporation
This section applies in relation to a dismissal of a child from employment by a constitutional corporation on or after the introduction day (a relevant dismissal ).
However, this section applies to a relevant dismissal only if it is a dismissal of a kind that could be the subject of an application under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 8 , part 2 (the dismissal provisions ) if the employer of the child were not a constitutional corporation.
A person who alleges that a child has been dismissed and that the dismissal is a relevant dismissal may apply to the industrial commission or an industrial magistrate under this Act for an order of a kind that may be made under the dismissal provisions.
The industrial commission or industrial magistrate—
must consider the application in the same way as it would consider an application made to it under the dismissal provisions; and
may make the same kinds of orders in relation to the application as it could make if the application were an application under the dismissal provisions.
For this section, a reference in the dismissal provisions to—
employment is taken to be a reference to employment of a child by a constitutional corporation; or
an employer is taken to be a reference to an employer who is a constitutional corporation; or
an employee is taken to be a reference to a child who is employed by a constitutional corporation; or
a proceeding under chapter 8 , part 2 is taken to be a reference to a proceeding under chapter 8 , part 2 as applied by this section.
In this section—
introduction day means the day the Bill for the Industrial Relations Act and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2007 was introduced into the Legislative Assembly.
s 15P ins 2007 No. 23 s 46
amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.15P-ssec.1) This section applies in relation to a dismissal of a child from employment by a constitutional corporation on or after the introduction day (a relevant dismissal ).
(sec.15P-ssec.2) However, this section applies to a relevant dismissal only if it is a dismissal of a kind that could be the subject of an application under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 , chapter 8 , part 2 (the dismissal provisions ) if the employer of the child were not a constitutional corporation.
(sec.15P-ssec.3) A person who alleges that a child has been dismissed and that the dismissal is a relevant dismissal may apply to the industrial commission or an industrial magistrate under this Act for an order of a kind that may be made under the dismissal provisions.
(sec.15P-ssec.4) The industrial commission or industrial magistrate— must consider the application in the same way as it would consider an application made to it under the dismissal provisions; and may make the same kinds of orders in relation to the application as it could make if the application were an application under the dismissal provisions.
(sec.15P-ssec.5) For this section, a reference in the dismissal provisions to— employment is taken to be a reference to employment of a child by a constitutional corporation; or an employer is taken to be a reference to an employer who is a constitutional corporation; or an employee is taken to be a reference to a child who is employed by a constitutional corporation; or a proceeding under chapter 8 , part 2 is taken to be a reference to a proceeding under chapter 8 , part 2 as applied by this section.
(sec.15P-ssec.6) In this section— introduction day means the day the Bill for the Industrial Relations Act and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2007 was introduced into the Legislative Assembly.
(a) must consider the application in the same way as it would consider an application made to it under the dismissal provisions; and
(b) may make the same kinds of orders in relation to the application as it could make if the application were an application under the dismissal provisions.
(a) employment is taken to be a reference to employment of a child by a constitutional corporation; or
(b) an employer is taken to be a reference to an employer who is a constitutional corporation; or
(c) an employee is taken to be a reference to a child who is employed by a constitutional corporation; or
(d) a proceeding under chapter 8 , part 2 is taken to be a reference to a proceeding under chapter 8 , part 2 as applied by this section.
pt.3
Enforcement
Enforcement
pt.3-div.1
Functions of inspector
Functions of inspector
sec.16
Inspector’s functions
sec.16 Inspector’s functions
An inspector’s functions are—
to monitor compliance with this Act; and
to investigate and, when necessary, take action to deal with alleged contraventions of this Act; and
to inform children, parents and employers of their rights and obligations under this Act.
(a) to monitor compliance with this Act; and
(b) to investigate and, when necessary, take action to deal with alleged contraventions of this Act; and
(c) to inform children, parents and employers of their rights and obligations under this Act.
pt.3-div.2
Powers of inspectors
Powers of inspectors
sec.17
Inspector’s powers
sec.17 Inspector’s powers
When performing functions under this Act, an inspector has all the powers of an inspector under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 .
An inspector also has the powers stated in this division.
s 17 amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.17-ssec.1) When performing functions under this Act, an inspector has all the powers of an inspector under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 .
(sec.17-ssec.2) An inspector also has the powers stated in this division.
sec.18
Power to seize evidence
sec.18 Power to seize evidence
An inspector may seize a thing at a workplace the inspector enters under this part or the Industrial Relations Act 2016 if the inspector reasonably believes—
the thing is evidence of an offence against this Act; and
the seizure is necessary to prevent the thing being hidden, lost or destroyed or used to continue or repeat the offence.
Also, an inspector may seize a thing at a workplace the inspector enters under this part or the Industrial Relations Act 2016 if the inspector reasonably believes the thing has just been used in committing an offence against this Act.
s 18 amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.18-ssec.1) An inspector may seize a thing at a workplace the inspector enters under this part or the Industrial Relations Act 2016 if the inspector reasonably believes— the thing is evidence of an offence against this Act; and the seizure is necessary to prevent the thing being hidden, lost or destroyed or used to continue or repeat the offence.
(sec.18-ssec.2) Also, an inspector may seize a thing at a workplace the inspector enters under this part or the Industrial Relations Act 2016 if the inspector reasonably believes the thing has just been used in committing an offence against this Act.
(a) the thing is evidence of an offence against this Act; and
(b) the seizure is necessary to prevent the thing being hidden, lost or destroyed or used to continue or repeat the offence.
sec.19
Securing seized things
sec.19 Securing seized things
Having seized a thing, an inspector may—
move the thing from the workplace where it was seized (the place of seizure ); or
leave the thing at the place of seizure but take reasonable action to restrict access to it.
sealing a thing and marking it to show access to it is restricted
sealing the entrance to a room where the seized thing is situated and marking it to show access to it is restricted
(a) move the thing from the workplace where it was seized (the place of seizure ); or
(b) leave the thing at the place of seizure but take reasonable action to restrict access to it. Examples of restricting access to a thing— • sealing a thing and marking it to show access to it is restricted • sealing the entrance to a room where the seized thing is situated and marking it to show access to it is restricted
• sealing a thing and marking it to show access to it is restricted
• sealing the entrance to a room where the seized thing is situated and marking it to show access to it is restricted
• sealing a thing and marking it to show access to it is restricted
• sealing the entrance to a room where the seized thing is situated and marking it to show access to it is restricted
sec.20
Tampering with seized things
sec.20 Tampering with seized things
If an inspector restricts access to a seized thing, a person must not tamper, or attempt to tamper, with the thing or something restricting access to the thing without an inspector’s approval.
Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
sec.21
Receipt for seized thing
sec.21 Receipt for seized thing
As soon as practicable after an inspector seizes a thing, the inspector must give a receipt for it to the person from whom it was seized.
However, if for any reason it is not practicable to comply with subsection (1) , the inspector must leave the receipt at the place of seizure in a conspicuous position and in a reasonably secure way.
The receipt must describe generally the thing seized and its condition.
This section does not apply to a thing if it is impracticable or would be unreasonable to give the receipt, given the thing’s nature, condition and value.
(sec.21-ssec.1) As soon as practicable after an inspector seizes a thing, the inspector must give a receipt for it to the person from whom it was seized.
(sec.21-ssec.2) However, if for any reason it is not practicable to comply with subsection (1) , the inspector must leave the receipt at the place of seizure in a conspicuous position and in a reasonably secure way.
(sec.21-ssec.3) The receipt must describe generally the thing seized and its condition.
(sec.21-ssec.4) This section does not apply to a thing if it is impracticable or would be unreasonable to give the receipt, given the thing’s nature, condition and value.
sec.22
Forfeiture of seized thing
sec.22 Forfeiture of seized thing
A seized thing is forfeited to the State if the inspector who seized the thing—
can not find its owner, after making reasonable inquiries; or
can not return it to its owner, after making reasonable efforts; or
reasonably believes it is necessary to keep the thing to prevent it being used to commit an offence against this Act.
Subsection (1) (a) does not require the inspector to make inquiries if it would be unreasonable to make inquiries to find the owner.
Subsection (1) (b) does not require the inspector to make efforts if it would be unreasonable to make efforts to return the thing to its owner.
If the inspector decides to forfeit a thing under subsection (1) (c) , the inspector must tell the owner of the decision and the reasons for the decision by written notice.
Subsection (4) does not apply if—
the inspector can not find its owner, after making reasonable inquiries; or
it is impracticable or would be unreasonable to give the notice.
Regard must be had to a thing’s nature, condition and value in deciding—
whether it is reasonable to make inquiries or efforts; and
if making inquiries or efforts—what inquiries or efforts, including the period over which they are made, are reasonable.
(sec.22-ssec.1) A seized thing is forfeited to the State if the inspector who seized the thing— can not find its owner, after making reasonable inquiries; or can not return it to its owner, after making reasonable efforts; or reasonably believes it is necessary to keep the thing to prevent it being used to commit an offence against this Act.
(sec.22-ssec.2) Subsection (1) (a) does not require the inspector to make inquiries if it would be unreasonable to make inquiries to find the owner.
(sec.22-ssec.3) Subsection (1) (b) does not require the inspector to make efforts if it would be unreasonable to make efforts to return the thing to its owner.
(sec.22-ssec.4) If the inspector decides to forfeit a thing under subsection (1) (c) , the inspector must tell the owner of the decision and the reasons for the decision by written notice.
(sec.22-ssec.5) Subsection (4) does not apply if— the inspector can not find its owner, after making reasonable inquiries; or it is impracticable or would be unreasonable to give the notice.
(sec.22-ssec.6) Regard must be had to a thing’s nature, condition and value in deciding— whether it is reasonable to make inquiries or efforts; and if making inquiries or efforts—what inquiries or efforts, including the period over which they are made, are reasonable.
(a) can not find its owner, after making reasonable inquiries; or
(b) can not return it to its owner, after making reasonable efforts; or
(c) reasonably believes it is necessary to keep the thing to prevent it being used to commit an offence against this Act.
(a) the inspector can not find its owner, after making reasonable inquiries; or
(b) it is impracticable or would be unreasonable to give the notice.
(a) whether it is reasonable to make inquiries or efforts; and
(b) if making inquiries or efforts—what inquiries or efforts, including the period over which they are made, are reasonable.
sec.23
Return of seized thing
sec.23 Return of seized thing
If a seized thing has not been forfeited, the inspector must return it to its owner—
at the end of 6 months; or
if a proceeding for an offence involving it is started within 6 months, at the end of the proceeding and any appeal from the proceeding.
However, unless the thing has been forfeited, the inspector must immediately return a thing seized as evidence to its owner if the inspector stops being satisfied its continued retention as evidence is necessary.
(sec.23-ssec.1) If a seized thing has not been forfeited, the inspector must return it to its owner— at the end of 6 months; or if a proceeding for an offence involving it is started within 6 months, at the end of the proceeding and any appeal from the proceeding.
(sec.23-ssec.2) However, unless the thing has been forfeited, the inspector must immediately return a thing seized as evidence to its owner if the inspector stops being satisfied its continued retention as evidence is necessary.
(a) at the end of 6 months; or
(b) if a proceeding for an offence involving it is started within 6 months, at the end of the proceeding and any appeal from the proceeding.
sec.24
Access to seized thing
sec.24 Access to seized thing
Until a seized thing is forfeited or returned, an inspector must allow its owner to inspect it and, if it is a document, to copy it.
Subsection (1) does not apply if it is impracticable or would be unreasonable to allow the inspection or copying.
(sec.24-ssec.1) Until a seized thing is forfeited or returned, an inspector must allow its owner to inspect it and, if it is a document, to copy it.
(sec.24-ssec.2) Subsection (1) does not apply if it is impracticable or would be unreasonable to allow the inspection or copying.
pt.3-div.3
Proceedings
Proceedings
sec.25
Proceedings for offences
sec.25 Proceedings for offences
A prosecution for an offence against this Act must be by way of summary proceedings before an industrial magistrate.
A prosecution for an offence against this Act must be commenced within the later of the following—
1 year after the offence is committed;
6 months after the commission of the offence comes to the complainant’s knowledge, but within 2 years after the commission of the offence.
The Industrial Relations Act 2016 applies, with necessary changes, in relation to a proceeding before an industrial magistrate for a charge of an offence against this Act.
Under the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 7 , in an Act, a reference to an Act includes a reference to the statutory instruments made or in force under the Act .
s 25 amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.25-ssec.1) A prosecution for an offence against this Act must be by way of summary proceedings before an industrial magistrate.
(sec.25-ssec.2) A prosecution for an offence against this Act must be commenced within the later of the following— 1 year after the offence is committed; 6 months after the commission of the offence comes to the complainant’s knowledge, but within 2 years after the commission of the offence.
(sec.25-ssec.3) The Industrial Relations Act 2016 applies, with necessary changes, in relation to a proceeding before an industrial magistrate for a charge of an offence against this Act. Under the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 7 , in an Act, a reference to an Act includes a reference to the statutory instruments made or in force under the Act .
(a) 1 year after the offence is committed;
(b) 6 months after the commission of the offence comes to the complainant’s knowledge, but within 2 years after the commission of the offence.
sec.26
Evidentiary provisions
sec.26 Evidentiary provisions
In a proceeding under this Act—
the appointment as inspector of a person claiming to be, or stated to be, an inspector and the authority of an inspector to take proceedings, or do any act, must be presumed, until the contrary is proved; and
a document appearing to be a copy of 1 of the following is evidence of what it states—
a compliance notice issued by an inspector;
a special circumstances certificate granted by the chief executive;
a work limitation notice issued by the chief executive; and
the authority of a person to accept service of a document on behalf of another must be presumed in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
s 26 amd 2007 No. 23 s 47
(a) the appointment as inspector of a person claiming to be, or stated to be, an inspector and the authority of an inspector to take proceedings, or do any act, must be presumed, until the contrary is proved; and
(b) a document appearing to be a copy of 1 of the following is evidence of what it states— (i) a compliance notice issued by an inspector; (ii) a special circumstances certificate granted by the chief executive; (iii) a work limitation notice issued by the chief executive; and
(i) a compliance notice issued by an inspector;
(ii) a special circumstances certificate granted by the chief executive;
(iii) a work limitation notice issued by the chief executive; and
(c) the authority of a person to accept service of a document on behalf of another must be presumed in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
(i) a compliance notice issued by an inspector;
(ii) a special circumstances certificate granted by the chief executive;
(iii) a work limitation notice issued by the chief executive; and
pt.4
Appeals against decisions of chief executive
Appeals against decisions of chief executive
sec.27
Appeal from decision of the chief executive
sec.27 Appeal from decision of the chief executive
An affected person who is dissatisfied with a decision of the chief executive may appeal against the decision to the industrial commission.
A person may be dissatisfied with a decision of the chief executive because the person believes it was not made in accordance with the guidelines mentioned in section 31 (1) .
The procedures for the appeal must be, as nearly as possible, the same procedures as the procedures for an appeal under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 .
However, the appeal must be started—
if the person has asked for an information notice under section 15 —within 21 days after the person is given the information notice; or
otherwise—within 21 days after the person is given notice of the decision.
However, the industrial commission may extend the time for starting an appeal.
A defect in the information notice does not affect the person’s right to appeal against the decision.
s 27 amd 2007 No. 23 s 49 ; 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.27-ssec.1) An affected person who is dissatisfied with a decision of the chief executive may appeal against the decision to the industrial commission. A person may be dissatisfied with a decision of the chief executive because the person believes it was not made in accordance with the guidelines mentioned in section 31 (1) .
(sec.27-ssec.2) The procedures for the appeal must be, as nearly as possible, the same procedures as the procedures for an appeal under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 .
(sec.27-ssec.3) However, the appeal must be started— if the person has asked for an information notice under section 15 —within 21 days after the person is given the information notice; or otherwise—within 21 days after the person is given notice of the decision.
(sec.27-ssec.4) However, the industrial commission may extend the time for starting an appeal.
(sec.27-ssec.5) A defect in the information notice does not affect the person’s right to appeal against the decision.
(a) if the person has asked for an information notice under section 15 —within 21 days after the person is given the information notice; or
(b) otherwise—within 21 days after the person is given notice of the decision.
sec.28
Nature of appeal
sec.28 Nature of appeal
An appeal to the industrial commission is by way of rehearing on the record.
However, the industrial commission may hear evidence afresh, or hear additional evidence, if the industrial commission considers it appropriate to effectively dispose of the appeal.
(sec.28-ssec.1) An appeal to the industrial commission is by way of rehearing on the record.
(sec.28-ssec.2) However, the industrial commission may hear evidence afresh, or hear additional evidence, if the industrial commission considers it appropriate to effectively dispose of the appeal.
sec.29
Decision on appeal
sec.29 Decision on appeal
The industrial commission may—
confirm the decision appealed against; or
allow the appeal, set aside the decision being appealed and substitute another decision; or
allow the appeal and amend the decision; or
allow the appeal, suspend the operation of the decision and remit the matter, with or without directions, to the chief executive to act according to law.
For deciding the appeal, the powers of the industrial commission under this part are—
the same powers as the industrial commission has in relation to a proceeding started under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 ; and
the powers of the chief executive.
s 29 amd 2007 No. 23 s 50 ; 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6
(sec.29-ssec.1) The industrial commission may— confirm the decision appealed against; or allow the appeal, set aside the decision being appealed and substitute another decision; or allow the appeal and amend the decision; or allow the appeal, suspend the operation of the decision and remit the matter, with or without directions, to the chief executive to act according to law.
(sec.29-ssec.2) For deciding the appeal, the powers of the industrial commission under this part are— the same powers as the industrial commission has in relation to a proceeding started under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 ; and the powers of the chief executive.
(a) confirm the decision appealed against; or
(b) allow the appeal, set aside the decision being appealed and substitute another decision; or
(c) allow the appeal and amend the decision; or
(d) allow the appeal, suspend the operation of the decision and remit the matter, with or without directions, to the chief executive to act according to law.
(a) the same powers as the industrial commission has in relation to a proceeding started under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 ; and
(b) the powers of the chief executive.
sec.30
Appeal from decision of an Industrial Magistrates Court
sec.30 Appeal from decision of an Industrial Magistrates Court
A person who is dissatisfied with the decision of an Industrial Magistrates Court in a proceeding for an offence against this Act may appeal to the Industrial Court.
pt.5
General
General
sec.31
Chief executive to consult with representative bodies about guidelines for particular decisions
sec.31 Chief executive to consult with representative bodies about guidelines for particular decisions
The chief executive may issue guidelines for deciding whether to grant a special circumstances certificate or to issue a work limitation notice.
When developing or reviewing guidelines under subsection (1) , the chief executive may consult with any entity the chief executive reasonably believes may help in the achievement of the purposes of this Act.
(sec.31-ssec.1) The chief executive may issue guidelines for deciding whether to grant a special circumstances certificate or to issue a work limitation notice.
(sec.31-ssec.2) When developing or reviewing guidelines under subsection (1) , the chief executive may consult with any entity the chief executive reasonably believes may help in the achievement of the purposes of this Act.
sec.32
Protection from liability
sec.32 Protection from liability
An official is not civilly liable for an act done, or omission made, honestly and on reasonable grounds under this Act.
If subsection (1) prevents a civil liability attaching to the person, the liability attaches instead to the State.
(sec.32-ssec.1) An official is not civilly liable for an act done, or omission made, honestly and on reasonable grounds under this Act.
(sec.32-ssec.2) If subsection (1) prevents a civil liability attaching to the person, the liability attaches instead to the State.
sec.33
Executive officer may be taken to have committed offence
sec.33 Executive officer may be taken to have committed offence
If a corporation commits an offence against a deemed executive liability provision, each executive officer of the corporation is taken to have also committed the offence if—
the officer authorised or permitted the corporation’s conduct constituting the offence; or
the officer was, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in the corporation’s conduct.
The executive officer may be proceeded against for, and convicted of, the offence against the deemed executive liability provision whether or not the corporation has been proceeded against for, or convicted of, the offence.
This section does not affect either of the following—
the liability of the corporation for the offence against the deemed executive liability provision;
the liability, under the Criminal Code, chapter 2 , of any person, whether or not the person is an executive officer of the corporation, for the offence against the deemed executive liability provision.
In this section—
deemed executive liability provision means any of the following provisions—
section 8A (1)
section 8B (1)
section 8C (1)
section 9 (1)
section 9 (2)
section 9 (3)
section 9 (4)
section 10 (1)
section 11 (1)
section 12 (7)
section 13 (10) .
s 33 sub 2013 No. 51 s 15
(sec.33-ssec.1) If a corporation commits an offence against a deemed executive liability provision, each executive officer of the corporation is taken to have also committed the offence if— the officer authorised or permitted the corporation’s conduct constituting the offence; or the officer was, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in the corporation’s conduct.
(sec.33-ssec.2) The executive officer may be proceeded against for, and convicted of, the offence against the deemed executive liability provision whether or not the corporation has been proceeded against for, or convicted of, the offence.
(sec.33-ssec.3) This section does not affect either of the following— the liability of the corporation for the offence against the deemed executive liability provision; the liability, under the Criminal Code, chapter 2 , of any person, whether or not the person is an executive officer of the corporation, for the offence against the deemed executive liability provision.
(sec.33-ssec.4) In this section— deemed executive liability provision means any of the following provisions— section 8A (1) section 8B (1) section 8C (1) section 9 (1) section 9 (2) section 9 (3) section 9 (4) section 10 (1) section 11 (1) section 12 (7) section 13 (10) .
(a) the officer authorised or permitted the corporation’s conduct constituting the offence; or
(b) the officer was, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in the corporation’s conduct.
(a) the liability of the corporation for the offence against the deemed executive liability provision;
(b) the liability, under the Criminal Code, chapter 2 , of any person, whether or not the person is an executive officer of the corporation, for the offence against the deemed executive liability provision.
• section 8A (1)
• section 8B (1)
• section 8C (1)
• section 9 (1)
• section 9 (2)
• section 9 (3)
• section 9 (4)
• section 10 (1)
• section 11 (1)
• section 12 (7)
• section 13 (10) .
sec.34
Responsibility for acts or omissions of representatives
sec.34 Responsibility for acts or omissions of representatives
This section applies in a proceeding for an offence against this Act.
If it is relevant to prove a person’s state of mind about a particular act or omission, it is enough to show—
the act was done or omitted to be done by a representative of the person within the scope of the representative’s actual or apparent authority; and
the representative had the state of mind.
An act done or omitted to be done for a person by a representative of the person within the scope of the representative’s actual or apparent authority is taken to have been done or omitted to be done also by the person, unless the person proves the person could not, by the exercise of reasonable diligence, have prevented the act or omission.
In this section—
representative means—
for a corporation—an executive officer, employee or agent of the corporation; or
for an individual—an employee or agent of the individual.
state of mind , of a person, includes—
the person’s knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose; and
the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose.
(sec.34-ssec.1) This section applies in a proceeding for an offence against this Act.
(sec.34-ssec.2) If it is relevant to prove a person’s state of mind about a particular act or omission, it is enough to show— the act was done or omitted to be done by a representative of the person within the scope of the representative’s actual or apparent authority; and the representative had the state of mind.
(sec.34-ssec.3) An act done or omitted to be done for a person by a representative of the person within the scope of the representative’s actual or apparent authority is taken to have been done or omitted to be done also by the person, unless the person proves the person could not, by the exercise of reasonable diligence, have prevented the act or omission.
(sec.34-ssec.4) In this section— representative means— for a corporation—an executive officer, employee or agent of the corporation; or for an individual—an employee or agent of the individual. state of mind , of a person, includes— the person’s knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose; and the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose.
(a) the act was done or omitted to be done by a representative of the person within the scope of the representative’s actual or apparent authority; and
(b) the representative had the state of mind.
(a) for a corporation—an executive officer, employee or agent of the corporation; or
(b) for an individual—an employee or agent of the individual.
(a) the person’s knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose; and
(b) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose.
sec.35
False or misleading statements to officials
sec.35 False or misleading statements to officials
A person must not state anything to an official the person knows is false or misleading in a material particular.
Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
It is enough for a complaint for an offence against subsection (1) to state the statement made was ‘false or misleading’ to the person’s knowledge, without specifying which.
(sec.35-ssec.1) A person must not state anything to an official the person knows is false or misleading in a material particular. Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
(sec.35-ssec.2) It is enough for a complaint for an offence against subsection (1) to state the statement made was ‘false or misleading’ to the person’s knowledge, without specifying which.
sec.36
False or misleading documents
sec.36 False or misleading documents
A person must not give to an official a document containing information the person knows is false or misleading in a material particular.
Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who, when giving the document—
informs the official, to the best of the person’s ability, how it is false or misleading; and
gives the correct information to the official if the person has, or can reasonably obtain, the correct information.
It is enough for a complaint for an offence against subsection (1) to state the document was ‘false or misleading’ to the person’s knowledge, without specifying which.
(sec.36-ssec.1) A person must not give to an official a document containing information the person knows is false or misleading in a material particular. Maximum penalty—40 penalty units.
(sec.36-ssec.2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who, when giving the document— informs the official, to the best of the person’s ability, how it is false or misleading; and gives the correct information to the official if the person has, or can reasonably obtain, the correct information.
(sec.36-ssec.3) It is enough for a complaint for an offence against subsection (1) to state the document was ‘false or misleading’ to the person’s knowledge, without specifying which.
(a) informs the official, to the best of the person’s ability, how it is false or misleading; and
(b) gives the correct information to the official if the person has, or can reasonably obtain, the correct information.
sec.37
Delegations
sec.37 Delegations
The chief executive may delegate the chief executive’s powers under this Act to an appropriately qualified officer of the department.
In this section—
appropriately qualified includes having the qualifications, experience or standing appropriate to exercise the power.
a person’s classification level in the department
(sec.37-ssec.1) The chief executive may delegate the chief executive’s powers under this Act to an appropriately qualified officer of the department.
(sec.37-ssec.2) In this section— appropriately qualified includes having the qualifications, experience or standing appropriate to exercise the power. a person’s classification level in the department
sec.38
Approved forms
sec.38 Approved forms
The chief executive may approve forms for use under this Act.
sec.39
Regulation-making power
sec.39 Regulation-making power
The Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.
For example, a regulation may—
regulate work conditions for children; or
regulate work conditions for children in particular types of businesses, including in the entertainment industry; or
prescribe matters for which fees are payable under this Act and the fees that are payable for the matters; or
provide for the records that must be kept, and for how long and where the records must be kept; or
impose a penalty of not more than 40 penalty units for a contravention of a provision of the regulation.
(sec.39-ssec.1) The Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.
(sec.39-ssec.2) For example, a regulation may— regulate work conditions for children; or regulate work conditions for children in particular types of businesses, including in the entertainment industry; or prescribe matters for which fees are payable under this Act and the fees that are payable for the matters; or provide for the records that must be kept, and for how long and where the records must be kept; or impose a penalty of not more than 40 penalty units for a contravention of a provision of the regulation.
(a) regulate work conditions for children; or
(b) regulate work conditions for children in particular types of businesses, including in the entertainment industry; or
(c) prescribe matters for which fees are payable under this Act and the fees that are payable for the matters; or
(d) provide for the records that must be kept, and for how long and where the records must be kept; or
(e) impose a penalty of not more than 40 penalty units for a contravention of a provision of the regulation.
sec.40
Effect of regulation amendment by Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2013
sec.40 Effect of regulation amendment by Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2013
The amendment of the Child Employment Regulation 2006 by the Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2013 does not affect the power of the Governor in Council to further amend the regulation or to repeal it.
s 40 ins 2013 No. 35 s 29
Source text: opening excerpt
Sourced from Queensland Legislation (legislation.qld.gov.au), CC BY 4.0.
pt.1 Preliminary
Preliminary
sec.1 Short title
sec.1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Child Employment Act 2006 .
sec.2 Commencement
sec.2 Commencement
This Act, other than part 7 , commences on 1 July 2006.
sec.3 Dictionary
sec.3 Dictionary
The dictionary in the schedule defines particular terms used in this Act.
sec.4 Purpose of this Act
sec.4 Purpose of this Act
The purpose of this Act is to safeguard children working in Queensland.
This is to be achieved by—
ensuring that work does not interfere with children’s schooling; and
preventing children performing work that may be harmful to their health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
(sec.4-ssec.1) The purpose of this Act is to safeguard children working in Queensland.
(sec.4-ssec.2) This is to be achieved by— ensuring that work does not interfere with children’s schooling; and preventing children performing work that may be harmful to their health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
(a) ensuring that work does not interfere with children’s schooling; and
(b) preventing children performing work that may be harmful to their health or safety or physical, mental, moral or social development.
sec.5 Children to whom this Act applies
sec.5 Children to whom this Act applies
This Act applies to all children.
The Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , schedule 1 defines child , in this context, to mean an individual who is under 18.
s 5 amd 2013 No. 39 s 110 sch 3 pt 1
sec.6 Meaning of parent of a child
sec.6 Meaning of parent of a child
A parent , of a child, is any of the following persons—
the child’s mother;
the child’s father;
a person who exercises parental responsibility for the child.
However, a person standing in the place of a parent of a child on a temporary basis is not a parent of the child.
A parent of an Aboriginal child includes a person who, under Aboriginal tradition, is regarded as a parent of the child.
A parent of a Torres Strait Islander child includes a person who, under Island custom, is regarded as a parent of the child.
Despite subsections (1) , (3) and (4) , a reference in this Act to a parent of a child is a reference only to—
if a person is granted guardianship of a child under the Child Protection Act 1999 —the person granted guardianship; or
if paragraph (a) does not apply but a person otherwise exercises parental responsibility for a child under a decision or order of a Federal Court or a court of a State—the person who exercises parental responsibility for the child under the decision or order.
s 6 amd 2010 No. 42 s 214 sch
(sec.6-ssec.1) A parent , of a child, is any of the following persons— the child’s mother; the child’s father; a person who exercises parental responsibility for the child.
(sec.6-ssec.2) However, a person standing in the place of a parent of a child on a temporary basis is not a parent of the child.
(sec.6-ssec.3) A parent of an Aboriginal child includes a person who, under Aboriginal tradition, is regarded as a parent of the child.
(sec.6-ssec.4) A parent of a Torres Strait Islander child includes a person who, under Island custom, is regarded as a parent of the child.
(sec.6-ssec.5) Despite subsections (1) , (3) and (4) , a reference in this Act to a parent of a child is a reference only to— if a person is granted guardianship of a child under the Child Protection Act 1999 —the person granted guardianship; or if paragraph (a) does not apply but a person otherwise exercises parental responsibility for a child under a decision or order of a Federal Court or a court of a State—the person who exercises parental responsibility for the child under the decision or order.
Gives the chief executive discretionary administrative powers to grant special circumstances certificates (s 12) and to issue work limitation notices (s 13) where the chief executive reasonably believes work may interfere with schooling or harm the child’s development. Those instruments may be conditional and are subject to notice, application and reasons procedures (ss 12-14).
Creates a parallel set of minimum employment condition protections for children employed by constitutional corporations (Pt 2A), including a statutory no-disadvantage requirement (s 15B), record-keeping and display obligations (ss 15D-15E), compliance notices and enforcement paths through inspectors, the industrial commission and industrial magistrates (ss 15F-15O), and dismissal remedies for children employed by constitutional corporations (s 15P).
Provides enforcement tools and inspector powers, including seizure, restriction of access, and forfeiture of evidence; the Act cross-references inspector powers in the Industrial Relations Act 2016 (ss 16-24, s 17).
Establishes appeal pathways for affected persons dissatisfied with chief executive decisions to the industrial commission (ss 27-29), and internal administrative protections such as the ability to request reasons (s 15).
The Act places decision authority in the chief executive and inspectors and sets offences and penalties for employers, with executive officer liability where a corporation commits contraventions of designated “deemed executive liability provisions” (s 33). The Governor in Council is empowered to make detailed regulations, including prescribing fees, records, and additional work conditions (s 39). The Act therefore operates as a protective regulatory overlay that blends direct prohibitions, discretionary exemptions, administrative instruments, and industrial-law style compliance mechanisms.
Main concepts
The Act rests on a set of definitional and conceptual building blocks that determine who is covered, what counts as work, what is prohibited and where regulatory discretion sits.
Definitions and scope
Child: the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 schedule 1 definition applies (individual under 18); the Act explicitly applies to all children (s 5).
Parent: includes mother, father and a person exercising parental responsibility, with special recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary parental figures and a caveat that temporary carers are not parents; references can be to guardians appointed under the Child Protection Act 1999 or persons with parental responsibility under court orders (s 6).
School‑aged child: a child under 16 who is required to be enrolled at a State or non‑State school under the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 (s 7). The Act links operational restrictions to schooling obligations (s 11).
Work and exclusions
“Work” is a broad concept (s 8). It includes employment under a contract of service, labour contracts, supervision roles, participation in profit-making businesses and unpaid or voluntary work. The Act contains a detailed test to exclude contracts that are genuinely for a stated result where the child supplies the tools and bears liability, and it incorporates certain Commonwealth tax determinations (personal services business determination under ITAA 1997, s 87‑60) (s 8).
Certain activities are excluded from “work”: domestic chores and collections work. Work experience, apprenticeships and traineeships are excluded from the core definition except where specified,ss 8A-8C include them as “work” for the purposes of those sections, and Parts 2A and 2B treat apprenticeships/traineeships as employment for purposes of that Part (s 8).
Prohibitions and protective duties
Three principal prohibition clusters target sexualisation, escorting and inappropriate roles (s 8A-8C). Each is framed in objective terms referencing nudity, exposure of sexual organs or breasts, sexual acts or exposure to distressing situations, with limited exceptions for very young infants (under 12 months) in entertainment where written parent consent and parental presence are required (ss 8A(2), 8C(3)).
Regulations may further prescribe prohibited work, minimum ages and supervision requirements, and employers must not require or permit children to violate regulations (s 9).
Administrative permissions and limits
Parent’s consent form: a mandatory, prescribed form for school‑aged/young children giving details of the child, employer and schooling times; required before employment unless the employer is the parent or the child started with the employer before the section commenced (s 10).
Special circumstances certificate: an administrative authorisation that the chief executive may grant on application where, on reasonable grounds, the work will not interfere with schooling or harm the child’s development. Certificates may authorise departures from regulation, lack of supervision, or working without a parent’s consent form for school‑aged children without parents (s 12).
Work limitation notice: the chief executive may, on application or on initiative, issue a notice prohibiting or limiting particular work for a child or employer where reasonably believed to interfere with schooling or harm development; procedural fairness is built in through notice and a 7-day submission period (s 13).
Enforcement and compliance architecture
Inspectors: functions include monitoring, investigating and taking necessary action; powers include all inspector powers under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 and additional powers in this Act (ss 16-17).
Compliance notices (Pt 2A div 2): for “affected employers” (constitutional corporation scenarios), inspectors can issue compliance notices requiring remediation within a stated period; directions may include payment of amounts calculated by the inspector equivalent to what would have been payable under State awards or the Industrial Relations Act (ss 15F-15G).
Judicial/tribunal paths: appeals from chief executive decisions lie to the industrial commission (ss 27-29); prosecutions for offences are by summary proceedings before an industrial magistrate with prescribed limitation periods (s 25); the industrial commission and industrial magistrates have powers to order remedies, including payments and superannuation treatment (ss 15I, 15N-15O).
Liability and procedural protections
Executive liability provisions: certain prohibitions are designated so that a corporation’s executive officers can be taken to have committed the offence if they authorised or were knowingly concerned in the conduct (s 33).
Protection from liability: officials acting honestly and on reasonable grounds are protected from civil liability; responsibility can be shifted to the State (s 32).
Record-keeping, display and certificate obligations: affected employers must display State awards where applicable (s 15D) and keep time/wage records to Industrial Relations Act standards (s 15E).
Regulatory interaction and delegation
The Act is designed to work alongside other laws: it cross‑references the Industrial Relations Act 2016 for inspector powers and dispute resolution procedures, the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 for schooling status, the Child Protection Act 1999 for guardianship references, and Commonwealth taxation rules for personal services determinations (s 8, s 10, s 12, s 15A, s 17, s 39). The chief executive may issue guidelines and delegate powers to appropriately qualified officers (ss 31, 37).
These concepts set the operational mechanics: broad coverage of work types, targeted prohibitions backed by criminal penalties, administrative discretion for exceptions and limits, and compliance/enforcement routes that blend inspector notices, industrial jurisdiction processes and criminal penalties for non-compliance.
Who it affects
The Act creates obligations and rights touching a range of actors. It explicitly applies to “all children” under 18 (s 5), and imposes duties primarily on employers, but also involves parents, the chief executive, inspectors, industrial tribunals and, in corporate settings, executive officers.
Children
All individuals under 18 fall within the Act’s scope (s 5). The Act distinguishes school‑aged children (under 16 and required to be enrolled at school under the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006) (s 7) and “young children” (used in some sections), affecting eligibility for work and parental consent requirements (ss 7, 10, 11).
Children are protected against specified employment conditions (ss 8A-8C), prohibited roles and exposure to distressing or sexualised material (s 8C), and from working during school hours (s 11).
Parents and guardians
Parents must provide the parent’s consent form for school‑aged and young children before an employer may require or permit work (s 10). The Act defines which persons count as a parent, extending to persons exercising parental responsibility and customary parental figures in Indigenous communities, and gives primacy to court-appointed guardians under the Child Protection Act 1999 (s 6).
Parents must update consent forms when school attendance hours change within 14 days (s 11(2)), and their consent is relevant to certain limited exceptions (ss 8A(2), 8C(3)).
Employers
Employers bear the bulk of duties and potential penalties. They must not require or permit children to engage in prohibited work or practices (ss 8A-8C, s 9), must obtain and retain parent’s consent forms or special circumstances certificates for school‑aged and young children (s 10), must not require school‑aged children to work when required to attend school (s 11), and must supervise children appropriately (s 9(4)).
Employers who are parents are exempted from some obligations (s 10(2), s 11(3)).
“Affected employers” , employers that are constitutional corporations covered by Pt 2A , face extended obligations: ensuring agreements/arrangements do not disadvantage the child relative to State awards or Industrial Relations Act protections (s 15B), displaying relevant State awards (s 15D), record-keeping and issuing certificates on request (s 15E), and exposure to compliance notices and industrial commission orders (Pt 2A div 2).
Constitutional corporations and executive officers
The Act creates special treatment for employment by constitutional corporations: Pt 2A applies where a child is employed by a constitutional corporation under certain post‑2006 agreements or arrangements (s 15A). This exposes constitutional corporations to industrial-style regulation as if they were covered by State awards, with inspectors and the industrial commission empowered to apply no-disadvantage tests and make remedial orders (ss 15B-15C, 15N-15O).
Where a corporation commits an offence against designated “deemed executive liability provisions,” executive officers who authorised or were knowingly concerned in the conduct are taken to have committed the offence (s 33). This extends personal liability risk to company officers in respect of corporate breaches of core child-protection prohibitions.
Regulators and decision‑makers
The chief executive holds discretionary power to grant special circumstances certificates, impose conditions, review certificates and issue work limitation notices (ss 12-13). The chief executive may consult representative bodies when issuing guidelines and may delegate powers to appropriately qualified officers (ss 31, 37).
Inspectors have monitoring, investigative and enforcement functions (s 16) and are given seizure, restriction and evidence-handling powers that mirror or supplement those in the Industrial Relations Act 2016 (ss 17-24).
Industrial tribunal and courts
The industrial commission is the appellate forum for chief executive decisions (ss 27-29), and can hear appeals as rehearings on the record and substitute or remit decisions. Industrial magistrates hear summary prosecutions and have power to order payment remedies in compliance-notice proceedings (ss 25, 15I). The Industrial Court hears appeals from Industrial Magistrates Court decisions (s 30).
Others
The Act contemplates interactions with other statutory instruments and bodies: school registrations and attendance obligations under the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 determine school‑aged status (s 7), the Child Protection Act 1999 governs guardianship references in parental definitions (s 6), the Hospital and Health Boards Act 2011 supplies the definition of “health service” for the social escort exception (s 8B(2)), and Commonwealth tax law (ITAA 1997 s 87‑60) can exclude certain personal services arrangements from the Act’s “work” definition (s 8).
Who bears the costs and who decides
Employers bear the direct compliance costs: obtaining and retaining consent forms, adapting work arrangements to avoid prohibited work, supervising children properly, maintaining records (s 15E), displaying awards (s 15D), engaging in administrative processes for certificates or work limitation notices (ss 12-13), and facing penalties or remedial orders if non-compliant (ss 8A-11, 15F-15O).
The chief executive and inspectors exercise significant decision authority, with the industrial commission and industrial magistrates providing oversight and remedies where disputes or enforcement actions arise (ss 12-15, 15F-15K, 27-29).
Overall, the Act sets out a framework that puts employers on notice and gives administrative authorities the instruments to control or limit child employment where schooling or development might be at risk, while also creating enhanced protections where Commonwealth constitutional corporation employment interactions arise.
Key duties and rights
This section summarises the principal legal obligations placed on actors and the rights or remedies given under the Act, with precise citation to the relevant provisions.
Employer duties
Prohibition duties: Employers must not require or permit children to work while nude or in sexually provocative clothing, to work as social escorts, or to work in roles or situations inappropriate to the child’s age and development (ss 8A(1), 8B(1), 8C(1)). Each of these is an executive liability provision attracting a maximum penalty of 100 penalty units (ss 8A(1), 8B(1), 8C(1); s 33).
Regulation compliance: Employers must not require or permit children to do work or work at times or in ways that regulations prohibit, unless the regulation permits the child or sets age thresholds (s 9(1)-(3)). Employers must supervise children appropriately where a regulation or the section requires it (s 9(4)).
Authority before employment: Employers must not require or permit school-aged or young children to perform work unless the employer holds a parent’s consent form for the child, or, for a school-aged child without a parent’s consent form, a special circumstances certificate authorising the child to work when not required at school (s 10(1)). Exceptions exist where the employer is a parent or where the child commenced work before the section’s commencement (s 10(2)).
School hours: Employers must not require or permit school-aged children to work during hours they are required to attend school as stated in the parent’s consent form or special circumstances certificate (s 11(1)).
Constitutional corporation duties: Affected employers must ensure workplace agreements or arrangements do not disadvantage the child compared with State awards or Industrial Relations Act protections (s 15B). Affected employers must display any relevant State award at the workplace (s 15D) and keep time and wages records as required by the Industrial Relations Act 2016 (s 15E).
Inspector and chief executive duties and powers
Chief executive discretion: The chief executive may grant special circumstances certificates authorising otherwise-prohibited work or departures from supervision obligations, but only if satisfied on reasonable grounds the work will not interfere with schooling or harm the child’s health, safety or development; the chief executive may impose conditions and review the certificate (s 12).
Work limitation notices: The chief executive may issue work limitation notices prohibiting or limiting particular work for specific children or employers if reasonably believed the work may interfere with schooling or harm development; procedural notice and an opportunity to make submissions are required (s 13).
Inspectors’ functions: Inspectors must monitor compliance, investigate alleged contraventions and inform children, parents and employers of their rights and obligations (s 16). Inspectors also have seizure and securing powers (ss 18-19) and may issue compliance notices to affected employers under Pt 2A (s 15F).
Rights and procedural protections
Information and reasons: Affected persons may request an information notice explaining chief executive decisions within 21 days of notice (s 15); the chief executive must provide copies of certificates or notices (s 14).
Appeal rights: An affected person dissatisfied with a chief executive decision may appeal to the industrial commission; appeals are by rehearing on the record but the commission may receive fresh evidence; appeal time limits are set (s 27-29). Affected employers may appeal compliance notices to the industrial commission with procedures and time limits similar to Industrial Relations Act appeals (s 15J).
Industrial remedies: The industrial commission can decide whether agreements disadvantage children and, on application by an inspector, may order affected employers to remedy contraventions, including payment orders equivalent to amounts an award or the Industrial Relations Act would have provided (ss 15C, 15N-15O). Industrial magistrates may order payment to children in compliance-notice proceedings (s 15I).
Protections for officials: Officials who act honestly and on reasonable grounds under the Act are protected from civil liability; liability instead attaches to the State (s 32).
Seizure safeguards: Rules require receipts to be provided when inspectors seize things (s 21), mechanisms for return if not forfeited (s 23), access for owners to inspect or copy seized documents (s 24), and procedures for forfeiture with notice where appropriate (s 22).
Penalties and enforcement rights
Maximum penalties: Core prohibitions carry maximum penalties of 100 penalty units (ss 8A-8C, s 9(1)-(4), s 10(1), s 11(1), s 12(7), s 13(10)); other breaches such as record-keeping or false statements attract lower penalties (s 15E, s 35-36).
Executive officer liability: Where corporations offend under “deemed executive liability provisions,” corporate executive officers who authorised or were knowingly concerned are treated as having committed the offence (s 33).
Prosecution route: Prosecutions must be by summary proceedings before an industrial magistrate within defined limitation periods (s 25).
Interactional duties
Employers must take account of related statutory obligations such as the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 (school attendance) and the Child Protection Act 1999 (guardianship) where the Act invokes those frameworks (ss 6-7, 11).
In practice, employers face concurrent duties: a compliance duty not to expose children to prohibited roles or conditions, a procedural duty to obtain and keep consent forms and certificates, record-keeping/display obligations for constitutional-corporation contexts, and exposure to administrative and judicial enforcement routes. Children and parents have rights to information, to seek reasons, and to appeal administrative decisions to the industrial commission, and in some circumstances to have industrial tribunal orders requiring payment or remediation.
Penalties and enforcement
The Act establishes a mixed enforcement regime that combines criminal summary offences, administrative compliance instruments, industrial remedy powers and inspectorial powers to gather evidence and secure compliance.
Criminal penalties and executive liability
Key prohibitions (nudity/sexualised clothing, social escort, inappropriate roles/situations) and contraventions of regulations and certificate/notice requirements commonly carry maximum penalties of 100 penalty units (ss 8A(1), 8B(1), 8C(1), s 9(1)-(4), s 10(1), s 11(1), s 12(7), s 13(10)). The Act designates these as “executive liability provisions” (see s 8A(1) and the list in s 33).
Where the offender is a corporation and a designated deemed executive liability provision is breached, each executive officer who authorised or was knowingly concerned in the conduct is taken to have committed the offence and can be proceeded against and convicted independently of the corporation (s 33). The section explicitly preserves corporate liability and other criminal liability under the Criminal Code (s 33(3)).
Administrative compliance and remedial powers (Pt 2A)
For employers of children by constitutional corporations (affected employers under Pt 2A), inspectors may issue compliance notices requiring the employer to remedy contraventions within a stated period (not less than 14 days unless shortened with justification) (s 15F). Compliance notices must state reasons and inform of appeal rights (s 15F(2)-(5)).
Compliance notices may include directions, including monetary directions requiring an affected employer to pay an amount the inspector calculates would have been payable under the Industrial Relations Act or a State award (s 15G(2)). Inspectors may offer options about how to comply (s 15G(3)).
Failure to comply with a compliance notice is an offence with a maximum penalty of 100 penalty units (s 15F(3)).
Tribunal powers and monetary orders
Industrial magistrates deciding compliance-notice offence proceedings can, in addition to penalty orders, order the affected employer to pay each affected child the compliance notice amount or another amount the magistrate considers appropriate. These orders can be made whether or not a conviction is recorded, and the magistrate can make orders on a civil standard of proof where appropriate (s 15I(2)-(4)).
Inspectors may apply to the industrial commission for orders under s 15N; the industrial commission, if satisfied an affected employer is contravening s 15B, may order remedies and must make an order akin to the kind in Industrial Relations Act s 477(1)(a) where the issue relates to paying a child a stated amount (s 15O). The industrial commission can order superannuation contributions and may direct payment to the unclaimed moneys fund where the child cannot be located or does not nominate a fund (s 15O(5)-(6)).
Criminal procedure and limitation
Prosecutions for offences under the Act are summary proceedings before an industrial magistrate (s 25(1)). The Act prescribes time limits for commencing prosecutions: within 1 year after the offence, or within 6 months after the complainant becomes aware of the offence but in any event within 2 years after the offence (s 25(2)). The Industrial Relations Act 2016 applies with necessary changes in proceedings before industrial magistrates (s 25(3)).
Inspector powers for evidence and property control
Inspectors have seizure powers for items believed to be evidence of an offence or having been used in committing an offence, where seizure is necessary to prevent loss, destruction or continued offending (s 18). Inspectors may secure seized things by moving them or restricting access,examples include sealing items or entrances (s 19).
Owners of seized items should receive a receipt as soon as practicable describing the item and condition; if impracticable, the receipt may be left conspicuously at the place of seizure (s 21).
Seized things may be forfeited to the State where the inspector cannot find the owner after reasonable inquiries, cannot return the item after reasonable efforts, or reasonably believes retention is necessary to prevent further offending; notice and reasons must be given in certain circumstances (s 22). If not forfeited, the item must be returned at the end of six months or at the end of proceedings and appeals (s 23). Owners are entitled to inspect seized items and copy documents unless impracticable or unreasonable (s 24).
Tampering with seized things or access restrictions is an offence with a penalty up to 40 penalty units (s 20).
Evidentiary presumptions and procedural enforcement
In proceedings, the appointment and authority of inspectors are presumed until the contrary is proved, and copies of compliance notices, special circumstances certificates and work limitation notices are treated as evidence of what they state (s 26).
False or misleading statements or documents given to officials attract penalties (s 35-36), which support enforcement operations.
Appeals and review
Administrative decisions by the chief executive (special circumstances certificates and work limitation notices) can be appealed to the industrial commission by affected persons (ss 27-29). Appeals are by rehearing but the industrial commission may receive fresh evidence and has the powers of both the Industrial Relations Act and the chief executive (ss 28-29).
Affected employers may appeal compliance notices to the industrial commission; those appeals do not automatically stay the notice unless the commission orders otherwise (s 15J).
Enforcement architecture: incentives and costs
The Act combines criminal sanctions with industrial compliance tools that allow inspectors and tribunals to order monetary remediation and to require structural fixes. The availability of monetary directions backed by tribunal orders, plus executive officer liability for corporate contraventions, increases enforcement leverage and creates penalties that can be applied even where formal criminal convictions may be limited by evidentiary thresholds. At the same time, the Act provides appeal and review mechanisms and procedural notice requirements (s 13(5)-(7), s 14, s 15).
In short, the Act gives inspectors, the chief executive and industrial tribunals a suite of enforcement instruments,from seizure and compliance notices to monetary orders and criminal penalties,while preserving rights of appeal and procedural safeguards. Employers face both criminal and industrial consequences for breaches, and corporate officers face personal exposure for certain corporate offences.
How it interacts with other laws
The Act consciously links its operation to a range of State and Commonwealth instruments and to the industrial-law architecture. The legislative text contains explicit cross-references that shape scope, enforcement and procedure.
Education and child protection laws
School‑aged status and restrictions during school hours are expressly tied to the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006: a “school‑aged child” is defined in s 7 by reference to a child under 16 required to be enrolled at a State or non‑State school under that Act. Section 11 then proscribes work when the child is required to attend school, as stated in the parent’s consent form or special circumstances certificate. The Act also notes the Education (General Provisions) Act s 230 for other provisions restricting school‑aged children’s ability to work (s 9(6)).
Guardianship references in the parental definition are to the Child Protection Act 1999: if a person is granted guardianship under that Act, that person is the relevant “parent” for the purposes of this Act (s 6).
Industrial relations and employment law
The Act imports and mirrors the industrial-law framework in several respects:
Inspector powers: When performing functions under this Act, an inspector has “all the powers of an inspector under the Industrial Relations Act 2016” (s 17), and the Industrial Relations Act applies with necessary changes to proceedings before industrial magistrates (s 25(3)).
Minimum employment conditions: Part 2A applies to employment of children by constitutional corporations and relies on the existence of a State award or the entitlements/protections under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 (s 15A). The industrial commission is empowered to apply a no-disadvantage test in the way it would under Industrial Relations Act chapter 4, part 5, division 3 (s 15C).
Record-keeping and certificate obligations in s 15E cross-reference the Industrial Relations Act 2016 s 339.
Appeals, procedure and remedial orders under Pt 2A reference the Industrial Relations Act’s appeal and remedies framework (ss 15J-15K, 15N-15O).
The Act thereby integrates child-employment protections into the broader industrial-relations regime where constitutional corporations are involved.
Commonwealth taxation law
The Act’s definition of work excludes arrangements where a personal services business determination is in effect for the child under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cwlth) s 87-60 (s 8(1)(d)). That reference aligns the Act’s coverage of “work” with Commonwealth tax treatment of personal services and independent contractor paradigms.
Health and other sectoral laws
The social escort exception in s 8B references “health service” as defined in the Hospital and Health Boards Act 2011, schedule 2 (s 8B(2)). This limits the social escort exclusion where services are provided as part of bona fide health services.
Delegation, guidelines and regulation-making
The chief executive may issue guidelines for special circumstances certificates and work limitation notices and may consult representative bodies when preparing those guidelines (s 31). The chief executive may delegate powers to appropriately qualified department officers (s 37).
The Governor in Council may make regulations covering work conditions (including for specified industries such as the entertainment industry), fees, record requirements and penalties of up to 40 penalty units for contraventions of regulations (s 39). The Act notes that amendments to the Child Employment Regulation 2006 under later amending Acts do not curtail the Governor in Council’s power to further amend or repeal those regulations (s 40).
Interactional hierarchy and possible friction points
The Act displaces certain application of the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 where s 9(5) excludes federal awards, federal agreements or industrial instruments defined under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 from the term “Act” for the purpose of subsection 9(5). This technical provision affects whether an employer benefits from an “Act” authorisation exempting them from s 9 contraventions (s 9(7)).
Pt 2A’s operation depends on the specific employment arrangement and the presence of State awards or specific Industrial Relations Act protections for comparable employees (s 15A). That creates a framework where State industrial standards can be used to measure entitlements for children employed by constitutional corporations who otherwise sit outside traditional State industrial coverage.
The seizure powers and inspectorial authorities are exercised in the context of the Industrial Relations Act’s regime of inspection powers and industrial magistrate processes (s 17, s 25).
Overall, the Act is designed to sit within an ecosystem of State education and child protection laws, State industrial-relations law and selected Commonwealth tax rules. Its enforcement mechanisms route many disputes and remedies through industrial bodies, and its interpretive and operational provisions rely on interacting instruments to determine coverage, remedies and procedural paths.
Amendment history
The text includes amendment and insertion notes that indicate several legislative changes since the Act’s original commencement. The Act originally commenced on 1 July 2006, other than part 7 (s 2). The following amendments and insertions are recorded in the text supplied:
2006 (Commencement)
The Act, other than Part 7, commenced on 1 July 2006 (s 2). The original structure and early sections establishing purpose, definitions and initial restrictions date from 2006.
2007 amendments and insertions
Multiple provisions are marked “ins 2007 No. 23 s 44” or similar (for example s 8A, the prohibition on nudity and sexually provocative clothing, was inserted in 2007 No. 23 s 44). Part 2A (Minimum employment conditions for children) is noted as being inserted by 2007 No. 23 s 46 (ss 15A-15M). The 2007 amendments introduced a Pt 2A that specifically addresses constitutional corporation employment and associated compliance pathways.
The explanatory annotations show that ss 15A-15M and related provisions were introduced in 2007, including compliance notice powers (ss 15F-15M) and industrial commission powers (ss 15C, 15N-15O).
2010 amendments
s 6 (meaning of parent) was amended by 2010 No. 42 s 214 sch (s 6 amd 2010 No. 42 s 214 sch). s 8B (prohibition on work as social escort) was inserted in 2010 No. 29 s 21 (s 8B ins 2010 No. 29 s 21).
2011 amendments
s 15C records an amendment by 2011 No. 4 s 69 sch pt 1 (s 15C amd 2011 No. 4 s 69 sch pt 1), which appears to clarify the industrial commission’s method for deciding no-disadvantage questions being aligned with the Industrial Relations Act 2016’s processes.
2013 amendments
Several provisions were amended in 2013 No. 35 (s 8 amendments, Pt references) and Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2013 had effects referenced in s 40. Notably, s 5 was amended in 2013 No. 39 s 110 sch 3 pt 1 to expressly cite the Acts Interpretation Act definition of “child”.
s 8A was amended by 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1 and s 8C was inserted in 2013 No. 35 s 28; s 12 and s 13 include amendments recorded as “amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1”.
s 40 was inserted in 2013 No. 35 s 29 to record the effect of the Justice and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2013 on the Child Employment Regulation 2006.
2014 amendments
Section 8 was amended by 2014 No. 25 s 223 sch 1 pt 2 (s 8 amd 2014 No. 25 s 223 sch 1 pt 2).
2016 amendments
Numerous provisions were amended in 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6 to reflect and align with the Industrial Relations Act 2016: s 15A, s 15B, s 15C, s 15E, s 15F-15K, s 15N-15O and s 25 have amendment annotations “amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6” and similar. Section 17 references the Industrial Relations Act 2016 for inspector powers (s 17 amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6). These 2016 amendments integrated the Act more closely with the Industrial Relations Act 2016’s framework for inspectors, appeals and industrial commission powers.
Section 15E, which sets record-keeping obligations, was amended to align with Industrial Relations Act requirements (s 15E amd 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6).
2024 amendments
s 8B shows an amendment note “amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1 ; 2024 No. 23 s 36 sch 1” indicating a 2024 amendment to the social escort provision (s 8B). The text supplied does not show the inline change but records the amending instrument.
Other editorial notes and amendments
Several sections carry separate substantive insertion and amendment notes that indicate when provisions were added or adjusted. For example, s 8A and s 8C are later inserts (2007 and 2013 respectively), and Pt 2A (ss 15A onward) was inserted in 2007 and substantially revised in 2016 to reflect the Industrial Relations Act 2016 architecture.
The Act records specific transitional and interpretive adjustments, such as the definition of “child” being clarified in 2013 (s 5 amd 2013 No. 39) and the formal note in s 40 preserving the Governor in Council’s power to amend the Child Employment Regulation 2006 despite the 2013 regulation changes.
What the textual amendment notes show
The Act has been progressively amended to:
expand or clarify the scope of prohibited activities involving children (inserts of ss 8A-8C);
incorporate a tailored industrial-relations enforcement model for constitutional corporations (Pt 2A inserted 2007, aligned to the Industrial Relations Act in 2016);
refine parental and guardianship definitions consistent with child-protection law (s 6 amendments); and
maintain regulatory flexibility through s 39 and to preserve the regulation-making powers after the 2013 Justice Act amendments (s 40).
The annotated amendment history in the supplied text therefore maps a legislative trajectory from an initial protective statute (2006) through industry-targeted insertions and an alignment to the Industrial Relations Act framework (2016), with periodic technical updates to definitions and procedural cross-references up to at least 2024.
Litigation history
The Act text provided contains no case law citations, and the schedule does not list judicial decisions. The Act creates multiple administrative and tribunal avenues that invite litigation or contested determinations, but the supplied text does not name or summarise any judicial or tribunal decisions applying the Act.
Legal forums and potential litigation vectors the Act itself contemplates
Summary prosecutions before an industrial magistrate: the Act requires prosecutions for offences to be by way of summary proceedings before an industrial magistrate (s 25(1)). This is the criminal enforcement channel where employers (or individuals) could be charged for contraventions of the Act’s prohibitions.
Industrial commission appeals and rehearings: affected persons can appeal chief executive decisions (s 27) and employers can appeal compliance notices (s 15J). Appeals to the industrial commission are by rehearing on the record but the commission may receive new evidence (ss 28-29). These procedural provisions provide routes for administrative law disputes to be litigated in the industrial tribunal context.
Industrial commission applications by inspectors: inspectors may apply to the industrial commission under s 15N to decide whether an affected employer is contravening s 15B. If the industrial commission finds contravention, it may order remedies including monetary orders under the Industrial Relations Act processes (s 15O). These processes can lead to contested evidentiary and legal disputes before the industrial commission.
Appeals from Industrial Magistrates Court: a person dissatisfied with an Industrial Magistrates Court decision may appeal to the Industrial Court (s 30). This provides a civil appellate route for decisions arising from prosecutions under the Act.
Observations about litigation risk and focus (based on statutory design)
The Act’s drafting signals likely litigation focal points even though no cases are provided:
Challenging chief executive discretion: appeals under ss 27-29 may test the chief executive’s decisions to grant or refuse special circumstances certificates or to issue work limitation notices, including whether the chief executive followed guideline requirements (s 31 references guidelines).
No‑disadvantage and award comparators: under Pt 2A, disputes about whether an agreement or arrangement disadvantages a child compared with State awards or Industrial Relations Act protections can be decided by the industrial commission (s 15C); litigation may hinge on comparative entitlements and the commission’s interpretation of “reduces the child’s employment entitlements or protections”.
Compliance-notice enforcement: compliance notices (s 15F) and inspector directions (s 15G) that include monetary directions create direct cause for litigation both on procedural fairness and on merits of the amounts inspectors seek to recover; industrial magistrates and the industrial commission have statutory powers to order payments.
Executive officer liability: s 33 makes executive officers personally liable where corporations breach specified provisions and the officer authorised or was knowingly concerned. Litigation under this section would hinge on proving the officer’s state of mind and extent of authorisation or knowledge.
Evidence and seizure: inspector seizure powers and forfeiture procedures (ss 18-23) may lead to litigation over legality of seizure, return, and forfeiture, and over evidentiary presumptions (s 26).
Absent case law in the provided text
The Act as provided does not include reported decisions or judicial interpretations. For practitioners or researchers seeking litigation history, the Act signals the tribunals and courts where disputes will be adjudicated (industrial commission, industrial magistrate, Industrial Court), but the Act text alone does not supply any precedent or interpretive guidance from those jurisdictions.
If litigation history is required beyond the Act text, the next step is to search tribunal and court databases for decisions under the Child Employment Act 2006, appeals to the industrial commission, and prosecutions in industrial magistrates’ courts. The Act’s structure identifies the relevant forums but the supplied statute does not disclose case outcomes, doctrine or contested issues resolved by courts or tribunals.
Gotchas
The Act contains several provisions and interactions that can produce practical compliance traps, confusion or unanticipated exposures for employers, parents and advisers. The following points flag specific “gotchas” drawn from the statutory text.
Broad and inclusive definition of “work”
“Work” includes unpaid or voluntary work, participation or assistance in any profit-making business, and supervision of other workers (s 8). Employers and organisers (including volunteer group leaders) may therefore inadvertently trigger regulatory duties even where no wages are paid.
The Act excludes some contractual independent-contractor arrangements (genuine result-based contracts where the worker supplies tools and fixes faults) and personal services business determinations under Commonwealth tax law (s 8(1)(c)-(d)). Careful factual analysis is required before treating a child as outside the Act’s scope. Relying on a tax determination alone is not self-explanatory; the Act references the ITAA determination but does not itself implement the tax test.
Parental consent and timing traps
Employers must hold a parent’s consent form before permitting school‑aged or young children to work, and the form must contain specific information including schooling hours (s 10(1), s 10(3)). Failure to obtain and retain the form exposes employers to offences (s 10(1)). The employer-as-parent exception is narrow and only where the employer is the child’s parent (s 10(2)).
Parents must complete and deliver updated consent forms within 14 days after a change in required school hours if they consent to continued employment (s 11(2)). Although s 11(2) notes failure to comply is not an offence under this Act, other Acts (Education (General Provisions) Act s 230) may create parental offences,advisers must consider the education-law overlay (s 11(2)).
Executive liability and corporate officer exposure
Several high-penalty provisions are “deemed executive liability provisions” (s 33 lists them). Where a corporation breaches such a provision, corporate executive officers who authorised, permitted or were knowingly concerned in the conduct are taken to have committed the offence and can be prosecuted independently (s 33(1)-(2)). Directors and senior managers need to know this exposure is statutory and triggered by corporate contraventions of enumerated sections.
Scope of inspector powers and evidence seizure
Inspectors may seize things at a workplace believed to be evidence or recently used to commit an offence and may restrict access (ss 18-19). Seizure can lead to forfeiture to the State in certain circumstances (s 22). Employers and owners should be aware of the procedural requirements (receipts, access, return timing s 21-24) and that tampering with seized items is an offence (s 20).
The Act presumes inspector appointments and authority in proceedings until the contrary is proved and treats copies of notices and certificates as evidence (s 26). These presumptions can speed enforcement and procedural hurdles for defendants.
Interplay with industrial law for constitutional corporations
Pt 2A creates special rules for constitutional corporations and overlaps heavily with the Industrial Relations Act 2016. Determination of whether Pt 2A applies (s 15A) requires a careful factual and legal check of the employer’s status (constitutional corporation), the nature of agreements/arrangements, and whether comparable State awards or Industrial Relations Act protections exist. Misclassification can expose employers to compliance notices, inspector calculations of unpaid entitlements, and tribunal orders.
Special circumstances certificates and chief executive discretion
The chief executive may grant certificates authorising departures from regulation or supervision requirements on “reasonable grounds” that work will not interfere with schooling or harm development (s 12(4)). The Act leaves considerable evaluative discretion to the chief executive and allows conditions and review. Applicants and employers should expect administrative subjectivity and prepare comprehensive supporting material (s 12(2) lists required information).
The chief executive must first give written notice and invite submissions before issuing work limitation notices to employers (s 13(5)-(6)),procedural missteps by the chief executive can be appealable (ss 27-29), but employers must comply pending or unless overturned.
Record keeping, award display and penalty mismatches
Affected employers must display State awards that cover similar employees and keep time and wages records as if the Industrial Relations Act applied, with penalties (ss 15D-15E). Employers who are constitutional corporations but not used to State award regimes can trip over these requirements; the Act imposes penalties for failing to display or keep records (s 15D: 20 penalty units; s 15E: 40 penalty units).
There are different penalty levels across provisions (100 penalty units for core prohibitions; up to 40 for other offences) that advisers must track when advising about enforcement exposure (ss 8A-8C; ss 35-36; s 15D-15E).
Parental, cultural and guardianship nuances
The parental definition explicitly includes persons recognised under Aboriginal tradition or Island custom as parents (s 6(3)-(4)). Practical issues may arise in verifying who may sign consent forms or give authority; the Act defers to court orders and guardianship under the Child Protection Act 1999 where applicable (s 6(5)). Employers must verify parental authority carefully, particularly in culturally complex or child-protection contexts.
Regulatory detail deferred to regulations and guidelines
The Act delegates many operational specifics to regulations and chief executive guidelines (ss 31, 39). That means the Act’s high-level prohibitions and permissions may be supplemented substantially by regulations (which can include penalties up to 40 penalty units) and guidelines, creating the need to consult the current Child Employment Regulation and chief executive guidelines when advising or designing compliance programs.
Limitation periods and evidentiary presumptions
Prosecutions must be brought within the statutory limitation windows (s 25(2)). However, inspectors may also make long-range applications in Pt 2A (s 15N includes a 6-year window for certain non-compliance relating to payments). Practitioners should note differing time frames for criminal prosecutions versus industrial commission applications.
Administrative appeal windows and stays
Appeals against chief executive decisions and compliance notices are time-limited (generally 21 days) and do not automatically stay the instrument being appealed (ss 15J(3), 27(3)). Practitioners must advise clients about the need for urgent stay applications if compliance with a notice would be disruptive or costly.
Together these “gotchas” show that compliance is not solely about avoiding explicit prohibitions: careful attention to definitions, corporate status, record-keeping, consent and administrative processes is required. The Act requires both procedural and substantive compliance disciplines.
How to comply
The Act sets out concrete duties and procedural steps. The following practical compliance checklist is mapped to the statutory provisions and is targeted to employers, especially small businesses and those in the entertainment industry, as well as to employers who may be constitutional corporations.
Determine coverage: is the person a “child” under the Act?
Confirm the individual is under 18 (s 5). If the child is under 16 and required to be enrolled at school under the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006, they are a “school‑aged child” and additional constraints apply (s 7).
Assess whether the activity is “work” under the Act
Apply s 8’s definition. Remember:
Unpaid or voluntary roles, supervision roles, participation in profit-making activities, and piecework or labour-only contracts fall within “work” (s 8(1)(a)-(g)).
Domestic chores and collections work are excluded (s 8(2)).
For certain provisions (ss 8A-8C, parts 2A and 2B), apprenticeships and work experience may count as “work” (s 8(3)-(4)).
Obtain required parental authority and verify parental status
For school‑aged and young children, obtain a parent’s consent form in the approved format before work commences. The form must include date of birth, employer, statement of consent and, for school‑aged children, required attendance times (s 10(1), s 10(3)).
If the employer is the child’s parent, the parent-employer exception may apply (s 10(2)). If the child has a guardian appointed under the Child Protection Act 1999, obtain the guardian’s consent as that person is the relevant “parent” under the Act (s 6(5)(a)).
Ensure children do not work during school hours
For school‑aged children, do not require or permit work during the times the child is required to attend school as stated in the consent form or special circumstances certificate (s 11(1)). Update consent forms within 14 days of changes to school hours when the parent consents to continued employment (s 11(2)).
Avoid prohibited roles and situations
Do not require or permit work involving nudity or sexually provocative clothing, social escort services, or roles/situations that are inappropriate for a child’s age, maturity or sensitivity (ss 8A-8C). Note exceptions for children under 12 months in the entertainment industry where written parental consent and parental presence are required (ss 8A(2), 8C(3)). Ensure your risk assessments and job descriptions explicitly exclude prohibited activities and document mitigation where borderline tasks arise.
Supervision and regulatory compliance
Ensure appropriate adult supervision where required by the Act or by regulation (s 9(4)). Check relevant regulations for prescribed supervision methods for particular work and age groups (s 9(6)-(7), s 39). If employing school‑aged children, confirm whether special circumstances certificates are required for out-of-school work (s 12).
For employers who are constitutional corporations or who use agreements/arrangements post‑2006
Determine whether Pt 2A applies (s 15A). If it does:
Ensure agreements/arrangements do not disadvantage the child compared to State awards or Industrial Relations Act protections (s 15B).
Display any relevant State award at the place of employment (s 15D).
Keep time and wages records as required by the Industrial Relations Act s 339, and provide certificates to a child on request (s 15E).
Record-keeping and forms
Keep consent forms, special circumstances certificates, award displays and time/wages records for the periods and in the form required by the Industrial Relations Act and any regulation (ss 10, 12, 15D-15E, s 39). Use approved forms where the chief executive has prescribed them (s 38).
When in doubt, apply for a special circumstances certificate
If you propose work that would otherwise be prohibited by regulation or if supervision or attendance issues exist, apply to the chief executive with full supporting information as required by s 12(2). The application should state the work sought to be authorised, schooling times (for school‑aged children), include parental support, the child’s support where an adult applies, employer support, and the information required by regulation. Be prepared for conditions and for the chief executive to impose reviews (s 12(3)-(6)).
If subject to a proposed work limitation notice, respond promptly
The chief executive must give an employer written notice of a proposed work limitation notice and invite a written submission to be provided within 7 days or a further time allowed (s 13(5)-(7)). Make full, timely submissions contesting or explaining work arrangements. Keep records of communications and submissions.
Prepare for inspections and compliance notices
Inspectors have broad powers (s 17), including seizure (s 18) and securing evidence (s 19). If issued a compliance notice (s 15F), note the period for compliance (not less than 14 days unless shortened) and the inspector’s reasons and appeal rights. If a compliance notice includes a monetary direction, consult counsel on the amount and prepare to either comply, remedy or appeal to the industrial commission within 21 days (s 15J).
Manage corporate governance risk
Boards and executive officers should ensure they are not authorising prohibited conduct that could expose them to personal liability under s 33. Put in place policies, sign‑off protocols and training to demonstrate absence of authorisation or knowledge in the event of enforcement action.
Use guidelines and regulation to refine compliance
Consult chief executive guidelines issued under s 31 (which may be developed in consultation with representative bodies) and check the Child Employment Regulation for prescribed ages, permitted work types, supervision standards, fees and record requirements (ss 31, 39). Regulations can contain detailed operational requirements and penalties of up to 40 penalty units (s 39(2)(e)).
Appeals and remedies
Know your appeal rights: appeals against chief executive decisions go to the industrial commission within 21 days (s 27); appeals against compliance notices must be started within 21 days and do not stay the notice unless the commission orders (s 15J). In the event of enforcement action, consider seeking judicial review or interlocutory relief appropriate to the industrial commission or industrial courts as necessary.
Practical documentation and risk mitigation
Maintain written job descriptions, risk assessments, parental consent forms, evidence of school attendance requirements, records of hours worked, wage records, and copies of any special circumstances certificates or work limitation notices. Keep training records for supervisors and a compliance file showing adherence to guidelines and regulations.
In short, compliance requires: (a) rigorous upfront classification of activity as “work” or not; (b) obtaining and maintaining parental authority and, where necessary, administrative certificates; (c) avoiding clearly prohibited roles; (d) keeping the records and displays mandated where Pt 2A applies; (e) readiness to respond to inspectors and compliance notices; and (f) governance measures to prevent executive-officer exposure. Where the facts are borderline, apply for a special circumstances certificate (s 12) or seek regulatory clarification and keep documentary evidence of decisions and consents.
(c) a person who exercises parental responsibility for the child.
(a) if a person is granted guardianship of a child under the Child Protection Act 1999 —the person granted guardianship; or
(b) if paragraph (a) does not apply but a person otherwise exercises parental responsibility for a child under a decision or order of a Federal Court or a court of a State—the person who exercises parental responsibility for the child under the decision or order.
sec.7 Meaning of school-aged child
sec.7 Meaning of school-aged child
A school-aged child is a child who—
is under 16 years of age; and
is required to be enrolled at a State school or a non-State school under the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006.
A child may not be required to be enrolled at a State school or a non-State school if the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 , chapter 9 , part 3 , 4 or 5 applies to the child.
s 7 amd 2006 No. 39 s 512 (1) sch 1
(a) is under 16 years of age; and
(b) is required to be enrolled at a State school or a non-State school under the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006. Note— A child may not be required to be enrolled at a State school or a non-State school if the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 , chapter 9 , part 3 , 4 or 5 applies to the child.
sec.8 Meaning of work in relation to a child
sec.8 Meaning of work in relation to a child
Work , in relation to a child, means—
work under a contract of service; or
work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, or at piecework rates, to perform work, for labour only or substantially for labour only; or
work under a contract to perform work, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, unless the child—
is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and
has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and
is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or
work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, to perform work, unless a personal services business determination is in effect for the child under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cwlth) , section 87 -60; or
work that includes the supervision of other workers, whether or not the child is known as a supervisor, leading hand or other title; or
participating or assisting in any business carried on for profit, whether or not the child receives payment or other reward for the child’s participation or assistance; or
unpaid or voluntary work.
Work does not include the following—
domestic chores;
collections work;
work that is part of—
work experience; or
an apprenticeship; or
a traineeship.
However, for sections 8A to 8C , work , in relation to a child, includes work that is part of work experience, an apprenticeship or a traineeship.
Also, for parts 2A and 2B , work , in relation to a child, includes employment that is part of an apprenticeship or a traineeship.
s 8 amd 2007 No. 23 s 43 ; 2013 No. 35 s 27 ; 2014 No. 25 s 223 sch 1 pt 2
(sec.8-ssec.1) Work , in relation to a child, means— work under a contract of service; or work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, or at piecework rates, to perform work, for labour only or substantially for labour only; or work under a contract to perform work, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, unless the child— is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, to perform work, unless a personal services business determination is in effect for the child under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cwlth) , section 87 -60; or work that includes the supervision of other workers, whether or not the child is known as a supervisor, leading hand or other title; or participating or assisting in any business carried on for profit, whether or not the child receives payment or other reward for the child’s participation or assistance; or unpaid or voluntary work.
(sec.8-ssec.2) Work does not include the following— domestic chores; collections work; work that is part of— work experience; or an apprenticeship; or a traineeship.
(sec.8-ssec.3) However, for sections 8A to 8C , work , in relation to a child, includes work that is part of work experience, an apprenticeship or a traineeship.
(sec.8-ssec.4) Also, for parts 2A and 2B , work , in relation to a child, includes employment that is part of an apprenticeship or a traineeship.
(a) work under a contract of service; or
(b) work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, or at piecework rates, to perform work, for labour only or substantially for labour only; or
(c) work under a contract to perform work, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, unless the child— (i) is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and (ii) has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and (iii) is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or
(i) is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and
(ii) has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and
(iii) is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or
(d) work under a contract, whether or not the contract is a contract of service, to perform work, unless a personal services business determination is in effect for the child under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cwlth) , section 87 -60; or
(e) work that includes the supervision of other workers, whether or not the child is known as a supervisor, leading hand or other title; or
(f) participating or assisting in any business carried on for profit, whether or not the child receives payment or other reward for the child’s participation or assistance; or
(g) unpaid or voluntary work.
(i) is paid to achieve a stated result or outcome; and
(ii) has to supply all, or substantially all, of the plant and equipment, or tools of trade, needed to perform the work; and
(iii) is, or would be, liable for the cost of fixing a fault with the work performed; or
(a) domestic chores;
(b) collections work;
(c) work that is part of— (i) work experience; or (ii) an apprenticeship; or (iii) a traineeship.
(i) work experience; or
(ii) an apprenticeship; or
(iii) a traineeship.
(i) work experience; or
(ii) an apprenticeship; or
(iii) a traineeship.
pt.2 Restrictions to safeguard working children
Restrictions to safeguard working children
sec.8A Prohibition on nudity and sexually provocative clothing
sec.8A Prohibition on nudity and sexually provocative clothing
An employer must not require or permit a child to work—
while the child is nude; or
while the child is clothed or covered in another way so—
the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
Subsection (1) does not apply to work in the entertainment industry if—
the child is under 12 months; and
a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant—
the child working while the child is nude;
the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and
a parent of the child is present while the child is working in either of the ways mentioned in subsection (1) .
However, a consent for subsection (2) (b) (ii) need not cover all matters mentioned in the provision so long as all matters in the provision relevant to the work the child is to do are covered.
s 8A ins 2007 No. 23 s 44
amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1
(sec.8A-ssec.1) An employer must not require or permit a child to work— while the child is nude; or while the child is clothed or covered in another way so— the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.8A-ssec.2) Subsection (1) does not apply to work in the entertainment industry if— the child is under 12 months; and a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant— the child working while the child is nude; the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and a parent of the child is present while the child is working in either of the ways mentioned in subsection (1) .
(sec.8A-ssec.3) However, a consent for subsection (2) (b) (ii) need not cover all matters mentioned in the provision so long as all matters in the provision relevant to the work the child is to do are covered.
(a) while the child is nude; or
(b) while the child is clothed or covered in another way so— (i) the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or (ii) if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(i) the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
(ii) if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(i) the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; or
(ii) if the child is a female who is at least 5 years—her breasts are visible.
(a) the child is under 12 months; and
(b) a parent of the child, who is not the employer of the child, has given the employer written consent to whichever of the following is relevant— (i) the child working while the child is nude; (ii) the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and
(i) the child working while the child is nude;
(ii) the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and
(c) a parent of the child is present while the child is working in either of the ways mentioned in subsection (1) .
(i) the child working while the child is nude;
(ii) the child working while the child is clothed or covered in another way so the child’s sexual organs or anus are visible; and
sec.8B Prohibition on work as social escort
sec.8B Prohibition on work as social escort
An employer must not require or permit a child to work as a social escort.
Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.
This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
In this section—
health service see the Hospital and Health Boards Act 2011 , schedule 2 .
social escort —
means a person who, under an arrangement of a commercial character, is held out to the public for hire to—
accompany another person to social affairs or to places of entertainment or amusement; or
consort with another person in any place, whether public or private; but
does not include a person who provides the services mentioned in paragraph (a) as part of health services for the other person.
s 8B ins 2010 No. 29 s 21
amd 2013 No. 51 s 229 sch 1 ; 2024 No. 23 s 36 sch 1
(sec.8B-ssec.1) An employer must not require or permit a child to work as a social escort. Maximum penalty—100 penalty units. This provision is an executive liability provision—see section 33 .
(sec.8B-ssec.2) In this section— health service see the Hospital and Health Boards Act 2011 , schedule 2 . social escort — means
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