Court of Appeal (WA)|2018-04-11|Before: Buss P, Beech JA, Pritchard J

For the reasons given by Buss P, I would apply the proviso. Consequently, I would dismiss the appeal.

I have had the advantage of reading the draft reasons of Buss P. I agree with his Honour, for the reasons that he gives, that the impugned direction given by the trial judge constituted a wrong decision on a question of law, for the purposes of s 30(3)(b) of the Criminal Appeals Act 2004 (WA) (Act), and further or alternatively, occasioned a miscarriage of justice, for the purposes of s 30(3)(c) of the Act. I also agree with his Honour's conclusion, for the reasons he gives, that the proviso in s 30(4) of the Act applies, and that the appeal should therefore be dismissed.

I certify that the preceding paragraph(s) comprise the reasons for decision of the Supreme Court of Western Australia.

[1] Longman v The Queen [1989] HCA 60; (1989) 168 CLR 79.

[2] Zoneff v The Queen [2000] HCA 28; (2000) 200 CLR 234.

[3] Weiss v The Queen [2005] HCA 81; (2005) 224 CLR 300 [12] - [31].

[4] Knight v The Queen [1992] HCA 56; (1992) 175 CLR 495, 502 - 503.

[5] M v The Queen [1994] HCA 63; (1994) 181 CLR 487, 492 - 493.

[6] Filippou v The Queen [2015] HCA 29; (2015) 256 CLR 47 [12].

[7] Simic v The Queen [1980] HCA 25; (1980) 144 CLR 319, 327 - 328.

[8] KBT v The Queen [1997] HCA 54; (1997) 191 CLR 417, 424.

[9] King v The Queen [2012] HCA 24; (2012) 245 CLR 588 [53].

[10] AK v The State of Western Australia [2008] HCA 8; (2008) 232 CLR 438 [47] (Gummow & Hayne JJ), [86] (Heydon J).

[11] Gassy v The Queen [2008] HCA 18; (2008) 236 CLR 293 [19] (Gummow & Hayne JJ).

[12] Perara- Cathcart v The Queen [2017] HCA 9; (2017) 91 ALJR 41 [38] - [40], [48] (Kiefel, Bell & Keane JJ).

[14] Cesan v The Queen [2008] HCA 52; (2008) 236 CLR 358 [129] (Hayne, Crennan & Kiefel JJ).

[15] Patel v The Queen [2012] HCA 29; (2012) 247 CLR 531 [128] (French CJ, Hayne, Kiefel & Bell JJ).

[16] Darkan v The Queen [2006] HCA 34; (2006) 227 CLR 373 [84], [94] - [96] (Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Heydon & Crennan JJ).

[17] Handlen v The Queen [2011] HCA 51; (2011) 245 CLR 282 [47] (French CJ, Gummow, Hayne, Crennan, Kiefel & Bell JJ).

[18] Smith v The State of Western Australia [2014] HCA 3; (2014) 250 CLR 473 [53] (French CJ, Crennan, Kiefel, Gageler & Keane JJ).

[19] Wilde v The Queen [1988] HCA 6; (1988) 164 CLR 365, 373.

[20] Lee v The Queen [2014] HCA 20; (2014) 253 CLR 455 [47] (French CJ, Crennan, Kiefel, Bell & Keane JJ).

[21] CTM v The Queen [2008] HCA 25; (2008) 236 CLR 440.

[22] Baiada Poultry Pty Ltd v The Queen [2012] HCA 14; (2012) 246 CLR 92.

[23] Reeves v The Queen [2013] HCA 57; (2013) 88 ALJR 215 [50] - [51] (French CJ, Crennan, Bell & Keane JJ).

[24] Castle v The Queen [2016] HCA 46; (2016) 259 CLR 449.

[25] Kalbasi v The State of Western Australia [2018] HCA 7.

[26] RPS v The Queen [2000] HCA 3; (2000) 199 CLR 620.

[27] Azzopardi v The Queen [2001] HCA 25; (2001) 205 CLR 50.

[28] Gilbert v The Queen [2000] HCA 15; (2000) 201 CLR 414 [13] (Gleeson CJ & Gummow J), [31] (McHugh J).

[29] Dupas v The Queen [2010] HCA 20; (2010) 241 CLR 237 [28] - [29] (French CJ, Gummow, Hayne, Heydon, Crennan, Kiefel & Bell JJ).

[30] Dhanhoa v The Queen [2003] HCA 40; (2003) 217 CLR 1.

[31] R v Stokes (1990) 51 A Crim R 25, 32.

[32] BRS v The Queen [1997] HCA 47; (1997) 191 CLR 275, 305.

[33] Lindsay v The Queen [2015] HCA 16; (2015) 255 CLR 272 [42] - [49] (French CJ, Kiefel, Bell & Keane JJ), [63] - [72] (Nettle J).

[43] ts 396; see also ts 400 and 402 - 403.

[61] Zoneff v The Queen [2000] HCA 28; (2000) 200 CLR 234.

[67] Appellant's submissions [11] - [12]; appeal ts 11.

[69] Appellant's submissions [16] - [18]; appeal ts 19.

[70] Appellant's submissions [14] - [15]; appeal ts 11, 19 - 20, 23 - 24.

[72] Appellant's submissions [22]; appeal ts 3.

[75] Simic v The Queen [1980] HCA 25; (1980) 144 CLR 319, 331.

[76] Criminal Procedure Act 2004 (WA), s 112; Azzopardi v The Queen [2001] HCA 25; (2001) 205 CLR 50 [49].

[77] Azzopardi v The Queen [49].

[78] Azzopardi v The Queen [50].

[79] Carr v The Queen [1988] HCA 47; (1988) 165 CLR 314, 330; Longman v The Queen [1989] HCA 60; (1989) 168 CLR 79, 86.

[80] Carr v The Queen (325, 330, 341); Longman v The Queen (91); The Queen v GW [2016] HCA 6 [50]; Winmar v The State of Western Australia [2007] WASCA 244; (2007) 35 WAR 159 [22].

[81] Edwards v The Queen [1993] HCA 63; (1993) 178 CLR 193, 211; Zoneff v The Queen [2000] HCA 28; (2000) 200 CLR 234 [23].

[82] Broadhurst v The Queen [1964] AC 441, 457; Edwards (211); Hedgeland v The State of Western Australia [2013] WASCA 97 [85].

[85] The progenitor was s 4(1) of the Criminal Appeal Act 1907 (UK).

[86] Weiss v The Queen [2005] HCA 81; (2005) 224 CLR 300 [12] - [25].

[89] Filippou v The Queen [2015] HCA 29; (2015) 256 CLR 47 [13].

[90] Simic v The Queen [1980] HCA 25; (1980) 144 CLR 319.

[91] LBC v The State of Western Australia [2011] WASCA 201 [10].

[92] R v Soma [2003] HCA 13; (2003) 212 CLR 299 [11], [79]; Birks v The State of Western Australia [2007] WASCA 29; (2007) 33 WAR 291 [44] - [60]; Johnston v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 121 [4] - [5]; LBC v The State of Western Australia [10] - [11]; RKT v The State of Western Australia [2017] WASCA 13 [50].

[94] Carney v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 90; (2010) 201 A Crim R 537.

[96] Riccardo v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 116.

[98] Wright v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 199; (2010) 43 WAR 1 [40] - [41].

[99] Burke v Corruption and Crime Commission [2012] WASCA 49; (2012) 289 ALR 150.

[108] R v Cohen and Bateman (1909) 2 Cr App R 197, 207 - 208.

[110] R v Haddy [1944] KB 442, 446. This was so until the English statute was amended in 1966.

[111] Mraz v The Queen [1955] HCA 59; (1955) 93 CLR 493, 514.

[112] See also Baini v The Queen [2012] HCA 59; (2012) 246 CLR 469 [49].

[114] See also Krakouer v The Queen [1998] HCA 43; (1998) 194 CLR 202 [68]; Weiss [18]; Baini [50]; although what is said in Weiss [27] should be noted.

[115] Pemble v The Queen [1971] HCA 20; (1971) 124 CLR 107.

[119] Fingleton v The Queen [2005] HCA 34; (2005) 227 CLR 166 [83]; Graham v The Queen [2016] HCA 27; (2016) 90 ALJR 820 [51].

[120] Perara-Cathcart v The Queen [2017] HCA 9; (2017) 91 ALJR 411 [124].

[121] KBT v The Queen [1997] HCA 54; (1997) 191 CLR 417.

[123] See R v Mraz (1955) 55 SR (NSW) 479, 491, 494 - 495.

[124] Stanton v The Queen [2003] HCA 29; (2003) 77 ALJR 1151.

[125] Stanton v The Queen [2001] WASCA 189; (2001) 24 WAR 233.

[126] Stanton [2003] HCA 29 [57].

[127] See for example Stanton [2003] HCA 29 [67] - [72]; Stanton [2001] WASCA 189 [10] - [12], [89] - [90].

[128] Reeves v The Queen [2013] HCA 57; (2013) 88 ALJR 215.

[130] Reeves v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 34; (2013) 227 A Crim R 444 [88] - [89] where, without reference to the absence of objection at trial, the trial judge's misdirection was said to require a retrial unless the proviso was applicable.

[131] Dhanhoa v The Queen [2003] HCA 40; (2003) 217 CLR 1.

[135] Papakosmas v The Queen [1999] HCA 37; (1999) 196 CLR 297 [72].

[136] Filippou [13]. Their Honours' reference to the 'first limb' and the 'second limb' are to the New South Wales equivalents of s 30(3)(a) and s 30(3)(b) of the Criminal Appeals Act.

[137] Gillespie v The State of Western Australia [2013] WASCA 149; (2013) 45 WAR 207 [82] - [83].

[138] Singh v The State of Western Australia [2012] WASCA 262.

[141] Singh [22] referring to Dhanhoa [38].

[142] Singh [22] referring to Dhanhoa [38].

[143] MGP v The State of Western Australia [2012] WASCA 52 [50].

[144] Pennington v The State of Western Australia [2013] WASCA 98 [114] - [115].

[145] Hedgeland v The State of Western Australia [2013] WASCA 97 [87], [95] - [97], [119]; Newhill v The State of Western Australia [No 2] [2015] WASCA 121, [80]; Corbett v The State of Western Australia [2016] WASCA 97 [36].

[146] Karamitsios v The Queen [2015] WASCA 214; (2015) 256 A Crim R 67 [87].

[147] See Karamitsios [11], [87], footnote 2.

[148] Egitmen v The State of Western Australia [2016] WASCA 214.

[151] Petersen v The State of Western Australia [2016] WASCA 66; (2016) 50 WAR 45.

[153] Examples in this category include R v Knight [2017] QCA 98 [29]; R v Burton [2014] QCA 37 [20]; R v Bastos De Freitas [2013] QCA 164 [35] - [36]; R v Van Der Zyden [2012] QCA 89; (2012) 261 FLR 419 [35].

[155] R v Dunrobin [2013] QCA 175 [120].

[156] R v Pickering [2016] QCA 124 [10].

[157] R v CBN [2015] QCA 224 [39]; R v KAN [2016] QCA 108 [42].

[158] R v Drake [2013] QCA 222; (2013) 233 A Crim R 588 [2], [30]; R v DM [2006] QCA 79 [26]; R v Michael [2008] QCA 33; (2008) 181 A Crim R 490 [38]; R v BCL [2013] QCA 108 [8].

[159] Cranney v The Queen; Huynh v The Queen [2017] NSWCCA 234.

[160] Cranney [176] - [179], [188] - [189].

[161] Cranney [182] applying Papakosmas [72].

[163] Abdallah v The Queen [2016] NSWCCA 275 [74].

[165]R v Cornell [2015] NSWCCA 258.

[166] R v Cornell [93], referring to Filippou [13]. See also R v Cornell [102].

[167] R v Cornell [93] referring to Filippou [13].

[168] Appellant's supplementary submissions 17 November 2017 [12].

[171] Respondent's supplementary submissions 27 November 2017 [22].

[174] Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd [2007] HCA 22; (2007) 230 CLR 89 [134].

[175] Mraz; KBT; Stanton; Reeves.

[176] Simic (330 - 331); Mraz (514).

[177] Haddy (445 - 446); Stirland v Director of Public Prosecutions [1944] AC 315, 321; Simic (331); Festa v The Queen [2001] HCA 72; (2001) 208 CLR 593 [113].

[180] Namely Gillespie, Karamitsios, Egitman and Petersen.

[181] Simic (328 - 331). There is some reference to Simic (332) but that is a statement of the position for a misdirection of fact, as distinct from law.

[182] Respondent's supplementary submissions 27 November 2017 [19].

[183] Respondent's supplementary submissions 27 November 2017 [20], referring to TKWJ v The Queen [2002] HCA 46; (2002) 212 CLR 124 [8], [24] - [33], [43].

[184] Pemble (117 - 118, 133). See also Perara-Cathcart v The Queen [124].

[185] Simic v The Queen [1980] HCA 25; (1980) 144 CLR 319, 328, 331.

[186] Filippou v The Queen [2015] HCA 29; (2015) 256 CLR 47 [13].