Road Rules

244G Travelling in or on personal mobility device across road on crossing 258 244GA Use of mobile device in or on personal mobility device 259

244H Person travelling in or on personal mobility device must wear bicycle helmet 261 244HA Carrying passenger in or on personal mobility device 262 244HB Child using personal mobility device 262 244I Warning device—personal mobility device 262 244J Personal mobility device use at night or hazardous weather conditions 262 244K Travelling in or on personal mobility device—maintaining proper control 263 244L Travelling in or on personal mobility device without due care etc 263 245 Riding bicycle 264 246 Carrying people on bicycle 264 247 Riding in bicycle lane on road 265 247A Entering bicycle storage area 265

Page contents 14 Road Transport (Road Rules) Regulation 2017 247B Giving way while entering or in bicycle storage area 265 248A Riding across road on crossing 266 249 Riding on separated footpath 267 250 Riding on footpath or shared path 267 251 Riding to left of oncoming bicycle rider on path 267 252 No bicycles sign and marking 268 253 Bicycle rider not to cause traffic hazard 268 254 Bicycle being towed etc 268 255 Riding too close to rear of motor vehicle 269 256 Bicycle helmet 269 257 Riding with person on bicycle trailer 270 258 Equipment on bicycle 270 259 Riding at night 271 260 Stopping for red bicycle crossing light 271 261 Stopping for yellow bicycle crossing light 272 262 Proceeding when bicycle crossing at an intersection or another place on a road 272 263 Application—pt 16—people in or on tram 274 Division 16.2 Wearing seatbelts and seating positions—drivers and passengers 264 Wearing seatbelt and seating position—driver 274 265 Wearing seatbelt and seating position—passenger 16 years old or older 275 265A Driver to ensure passengers comply with seatbelt and seating position requirements 276 Division 16.3 Requirements for seatbelts and seating positions— passengers under 16 years old 266 Definitions—div 16.3 277 266C Wearing seatbelts—passengers under 6 months old 277 266D Wearing seatbelts—passengers 6 months old or older but under 4 years old 278 266E Wearing seatbelts—passengers 4 years old or older but under 7 years old 279

Page contents 15 266F Exemption for driver—passenger’s medical condition etc 280 266G Seating position—passenger under 4 years old 281 266H Seating position—passenger 4 years old or older but under 7 years old 281 266I Seating position—passenger 7 years old or older but under 16 years old 283 266J Passenger sitting in seating position fitted with particular seatbelt 283 266K Exemptions for driver—public minibus, taxi, hire car or tow truck 284 267 Exemptions—wearing seatbelt 285 268 How people must travel in or on motor vehicle 287 269 Opening door and getting out of vehicle etc 289 270 Wearing motorbike helmet 289 271 Riding on motorbike 292 272 Interfering with driver’s control of vehicle etc 294 Part 17 Additional rules for drivers of trams, tram recovery vehicles and public buses 273 Application—div 17.1—tram recovery vehicle or public bus travelling along tram tracks 295 274 Stopping for red T light 295 275 Stopping for yellow T light 296 276 Exception to stopping for red or yellow T light 296 277 Proceeding after stopping for red or yellow T light 296 278 Proceeding when red traffic light and white T light or white traffic arrow showing 296 279 Proceeding when white T light or white traffic arrow no longer showing 297 280 Application—div 17.2 298 281 Stopping for red B light 298 282 Stopping for yellow B light 299 283 Exception to stopping for red or yellow B light 299 284 Proceeding after stopping for red or yellow B light 299

Page contents 16 Road Transport (Road Rules) Regulation 2017 285 Proceeding when red traffic light and white B light or white traffic arrow showing 300 286 Proceeding when white B light or white traffic arrow no longer showing 300 287 Duties of driver involved in crash 302 288 Driving on path 303 289 Driving on nature strip 305 290 Driving on traffic island 306 291 Making unnecessary noise or smoke 307 291A Making unnecessary engine noise 307 292 Insecure or overhanging load 307 292A Restricting movement of load 308 293 Removing fallen etc thing from road 309 294 Keeping control of vehicle being towed 310 295 Motor vehicle towing another vehicle with towline 310 295A Number of vehicles that may be drawn 311 295B Towing by vehicle under 4.5t 313 296 Driving vehicle in reverse 314 296A Driving without due care etc 315 297 Driver to have proper control of vehicle etc 315 298 Driving with person in trailer 316 299 Television receiver or visual display unit in motor vehicle 317 300 Use of mobile device 318 300A Interrupting funeral procession etc 322 300B Driving on road closed to traffic 322 300C Approaching and passing stationary or slow moving emergency vehicle etc 323 301 Leading animal while in or on vehicle 324 302 Rider of animal on footpath or nature strip to give way to pedestrian 324 303 Riding animal alongside more than 1 other rider 324 Division 18.2A Miscellaneous rules for other people 303A Emission of waste oil or grease 325

Page contents 17 303B Safety of person on trailer 326 304 Direction by police officer or authorised person 326 304A Direction by police officer to get off, or not get on, vehicle or animal 327 305 Exemption—driver of police vehicle generally—Act, s 35 328 305A Exemption—driver of police vehicle—training and assessment 329 306 Exemption—driver of emergency vehicle 330 307 Stopping and parking exemption—police or emergency vehicle or authorised person 330 307A Stopping and parking exemption—mobile device detection system or seatbelt detection system 331 308 Exemption—police officer and emergency worker on foot 332 309 Exemption—driver of tram etc 332 309A Exemption from requirement about riding on motorbike 333 310 Exemption—road worker etc 333 311 Exemption—oversize vehicle 335 312 Exemption—tow truck driver 337 Part 20 Traffic control devices and traffic-related items 314 Diagram of traffic control device, traffic-related item or symbol 339 315 Legal effect of traffic control device 339 316 When traffic control device complies substantially with regulation 340 317 Information on or with traffic control device 343 318 Limited effect of certain traffic control devices 344 319 Legal effect of traffic-related item 345 320 When traffic-related item complies substantially with regulation 345 321 Meaning of information on or with traffic control device and traffic-related item 346 322 Reference to traffic control device and traffic-related item on road etc 346 323 Reference to light that is traffic signals 348 323A Audible line 348

Page contents 18 Road Transport (Road Rules) Regulation 2017 Division 20.2 Application of traffic control devices to lengths of roads and areas 324 Purpose—div 20.2 349 325 Reference to traffic control device—application to length of road and area 349 326 When traffic control device applies to length of road or area—basic rules 349 327 Length of road to which traffic sign (except parking control sign) applies 350 328 Reference to traffic control device applying to length of road 350 329 Traffic control device applying to marked lane 350 330 Traffic control device applying to slip lane 351 331 Traffic control device applying to intersection 352 332 Parking control sign applying to length of road 352 333 Parking control sign applying to length of road in area to which other parking control sign applies etc 353 334 How parking control sign applies to length of road 354 335 Traffic control device applying to area 355 336 How separated footpath sign and separated footpath road marking apply 357 337 Purpose—div 20.3 357 338 Reference to traffic control device—application to people 358 339 When traffic control device applies to person—basic rules 358 340 Traffic control device (except road marking and parking control sign) 358 341 Road marking 359 342 Traffic sign (except parking control sign) applying to length of road 359 343 Traffic sign (except parking control sign) applying to area 360 344 Traffic control device applying to driver in marked lane 360 345 Traffic control device applying to driver in slip lane 360 346 Parking control sign 361 Division 20.4 Prescribed traffic control devices 346A Preventing prescribed traffic control device being clearly visible 361 347 Meaning of abbreviations and symbols 362

Page contents 19 348 Reference to driver doing something etc 362 349 Reference to certain kind of road 362 350 Reference to stopping or parking on length of road etc 362 351 Reference to left and right 363 352 Reference to stopping as near as practicable to place 364 353 Reference to pedestrian crossing road 364 Schedule 1 Abbreviations and symbols 365 Schedule 2 Standard or commonly used traffic signs 367 Schedule 3 Other permitted traffic signs 387 Schedule 4 Symbols and traffic-related items 411 Dictionary 414 1 About the endnotes 440 2 Abbreviation key 440 3 Legislation history 441 4 Amendment history 444 5 Earlier republications 450

1 Name of regulation This regulation is the Road Transport (Road Rules) Regulation 2017. 3 Dictionary The dictionary at the end of this regulation is part of this regulation. Note 1 The dictionary at the end of this regulation defines certain terms used in this regulation, and includes references (signpost definitions) to other terms defined elsewhere in this regulation. For example, the signpost definition ‘parking permit—see the Road dictionary.’ means that the term ‘parking permit’ is defined in that dictionary and the definition applies to this regulation. Note 2 A definition in the dictionary (including a signpost definition) applies to the entire regulation unless the definition, or another provision of the regulation, provides otherwise or the contrary intention otherwise appears (see Legislation Act, s 155 and s 156 (1)).

4 Diagrams A diagram in this regulation is part of this regulation.

5 Examples An example in this regulation is part of this regulation. Note An example is not exhaustive and may extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears (see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).

6 Notes A note in this regulation is explanatory and is not part of this Note See the Legislation Act, s 127 (1), (4) and (5) for the legal status of notes.

Preliminary Part 1

7 Offences against regulation—application of Criminal Code etc Other legislation applies in relation to offences against this Note 1 Criminal Code The Criminal Code, ch 2 applies to all offences against this regulation (see Code, pt 2.1). The chapter sets out the general principles of criminal responsibility (including burdens of proof and general defences), and defines terms used for offences to which the Code applies (egconduct, intention, recklessness and strict liability). Note 2 Penalty units The Legislation Act, s 133 deals with the meaning of offence penalties that are expressed in penalty units.

8 Offences against regulation—strict liability An offence against this regulation is a strict liability offence.

9 Offences against regulation—defence It is a defence to an offence against this regulation if the defendant proves that the offence— (a) was the result of an accident; or (b) could not have been avoided by any reasonable efforts by the defendant.

10 Objects of regulation The objects of this regulation are to— (a) provide rules for all road users in the ACT that are substantially uniform with rules for road users elsewhere in Australia; and (b) specify behaviour for all road users that supports the safe and efficient use of roads in Australia.

11 Regulation applies to vehicles and road users on roads and road related areas This regulation applies to vehicles and road users on roads and road related areas.

12 References to road include road related area Unless otherwise expressly stated in this regulation, a reference in this regulation (except in this division) to a road includes a road related

14 Meaning of road user road user means a driver, rider, passenger or pedestrian.

15 Meaning of vehicle vehicle includes— (a) a motor vehicle, trailer and tram; and (b) a bicycle; and (c) an animal-drawn vehicle, and an animal that is being ridden or drawing a vehicle; and (d) a combination; and

Application of this regulation Part 2 Road users and vehicles Division 2.2 (e) a motorised wheelchair that can travel at over 10km/h (on level ground); but does not include another kind of wheelchair, a train, a personal mobility device, or a wheeled recreational device or wheeled toy.

16 Meaning of driver driver means the person who is driving a vehicle (except a motorbike, bicycle, animal or animal-drawn vehicle). (2) However, a driver does not include a person pushing a motorised wheelchair.

17 Meaning of rider rider means the person who is riding a motorbike, bicycle, animal or animal-drawn vehicle. (2) However, a rider does not include— (a) a passenger; or (b) a person walking beside and pushing a bicycle.

18 Meaning of pedestrian pedestrian includes— (a) a person driving a motorised wheelchair that cannot travel at over 10km/h (on level ground); and (b) a person in a non-motorised wheelchair; and (c) a person pushing a motorised or non-motorised wheelchair; and

(d) a person in or on a wheeled recreational device or wheeled toy; and (e) a person in or on a personal mobility device.

18A Meaning of personal mobility device personal mobility device— (a) means a device— (i) propelled by an electric motor; and (ii) designed for use by only 1 person; and (iii) weighing not more than 60kg unladen; and (iv) with 1 or more wheels; and (v) with a brake system; and (vi) that cannot travel faster than 25km/h on level ground; and (vii) with dimensions not more than— (A) 1 250mm in length; and (B) 700mm in width; and (C) 1 350mm in height; but (b) does not include a motorised wheelchair. Examples—par (a) (i) • a segway-like device • an electric scooter • an electrically propelled skateboard Note Personal mobility device does not include wheeled recreational devices or wheeled toys because they are not propelled by electric motors.

Application of this regulation Part 2 Road users and vehicles Division 2.2

19 References to driver includes rider etc Unless otherwise expressly stated in this regulation, each reference in this regulation (except in this division) to a driver includes a reference to a rider, and each reference in this regulation (except in this division) to driving includes a reference to riding.

20 Obeying speed limit A driver must not drive at a speed over the speed limit applying to the driver for the length of road where the driver is driving.

21 Speed limit where speed limit sign applies (1) The speed limit applying to a driver for a length of road to which a speed limit sign applies is the number of kilometres per hour indicated by the number on the sign. (2) However, if the number on the speed limit sign is over 100 and the driver is driving a bus with a GVM over 5t, or another vehicle with a GVM over 12t, the speed limit applying to the driver for the length of road is 100km/h. (3) A speed limit sign on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearest of the following: (a) a speed limit sign on the road with a different number on the sign; (b) an end speed limit sign or speed derestriction sign on the road;

Speed limits Part 3

22 Speed limit in speed limited area (1) The speed limit applying to a driver for any length of road in a speed limited area is the number of kilometres per hour indicated by the number on the area speed limit sign on a road into the area, unless another speed limit applies to the driver for the length of road under another provision of this part. Example—another speed limit Although an area speed limit sign on a road into a speed limited area may indicate a speed limit of 60km/h, a particular length of road in the area may have a school zone sign indicating a 40km/h speed limit for that length of road. speed limited area is the network of roads in an area with— (a) an area speed limit sign on each road into the area, indicating the (b) an end area speed limit sign on each road out of the area. (3) In subsection (2):

23 Speed limit in school zone (1) The speed limit applying to a driver for any length of road in a school zone is the number of kilometres per hour indicated by the number on the school zone sign on a road, or the road, into the zone. school zone means— (a) if there is a school zone sign and an end school zone sign, or a speed limit sign with a different number on the sign, on a road and there is no intersection on the length of road between the signs—that length of road; or

(b) if there is a school zone sign on a road that ends in a dead end and there is no intersection, nor a sign mentioned in paragraph (a), on the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the dead end—that length of road; or (c) in any other case—the network of roads in an area with— (i) a school zone sign on each road into the area, indicating the (ii) an end school zone sign, or a speed limit sign indicating a different number, on each road out of the area. (3) In subsection (2) (c):

24 Speed limit in shared zone (1) The speed limit applying to a driver for any length of road in a shared zone is the number of kilometres per hour indicated by the number on the shared zone sign on a road, or the road into the zone. shared zone means— (a) if there is a shared zone sign and an end shared zone sign on a road and there is no intersection on the length of road between the signs—that length of road; or (b) if there is a shared zone sign on a road that ends in a dead end and there is no intersection on the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the dead end—that length of road; or (c) a network of roads in an area with— (i) a shared zone sign on each road into the area, indicating the (ii) an end shared zone sign on each road out of the area; or

Speed limits Part 3 (d) a road related area that is between a shared zone sign that relates to the area and an end shared zone sign that relates to the area. (3) In subsection (2) (c):

25 Speed limit elsewhere (1) If a speed limit sign does not apply to a length of road and the length of road is not in a speed limited area, school zone or shared zone, the speed limit applying to a driver for the length of road is the default speed limit. (2) The default speed limit applying to a driver for a length of road in a built-up area is 50km/h. (3) The default speed limit applying to a driver for any other length of road is 100km/h.

26 Application—div 4.1—roundabouts, road related areas and adjacent land (1) This division does not apply to a driver entering or leaving a roundabout. (2) This division applies to a driver turning left from a road into a road related area or adjacent land, or from a road related area into a road, as if the driver were turning left at an intersection.

27 Starting left turn from road (except multi-lane road) (1) A driver turning left at an intersection from a road (except a multi-lane road) must approach and enter the intersection from as near as practicable to the far left side of the road. (1A) Subsection (1) also applies to the rider of a bicycle who approaches and enters an intersection from a bicycle storage area. (1B) Despite subsection (1), if there is space in a bicycle storage area for 2 riders of bicycles to be next to each other, the rider on the right may approach and enter the intersection as near as practicable to the right side of the other rider, but only if that other rider approaches and enters the intersection in accordance with this section.

Left turns Division 4.1 Starting a left turn from a road (except a multi-lane road)

28 Starting left turn from multi-lane road (1) A driver turning left at an intersection from a multi-lane road must approach and enter the intersection from within the left lane unless— (a) the driver is required or permitted to approach and enter the intersection from within another marked lane under— (i) section 88 (1) (Left turn sign); or (ii) section 92 (Traffic lane arrows); or (iii) section 159 (Marked lane required to be used by particular kind of vehicle); or (b) the driver is turning, at B lights or traffic arrows, in accordance

(c) subsection (1A) or (2) applies to the driver. Example—s (1) (a) Starting a left turn on a multi-lane road with traffic lane arrows as required or permitted under s 92 (1A) A driver turning left at an intersection from a multi-lane road that has a slip lane must approach and enter the intersection— (a) from within the slip lane; or (b) if there is an obstruction that prevents the driver from entering the intersection from within the slip lane—from within the left (2) A driver may approach and enter the intersection from the marked lane next to the left lane as well as, or instead of, the left lane if—

Left turns Division 4.1 (d) it is not practicable for the driver to turn left from within the left lane; and turn left at the intersection by occupying the next marked lane, or both lanes. Long vehicle turning left from the left lane and next marked lane (2A) If there is a bicycle storage area before an intersection that extends across 1 or more marked lanes of a multi-lane road, the rider of a bicycle turning left must approach and enter the intersection from within the part of the bicycle storage area that is directly in front of the left marked lane or of a bicycle lane that is on the left side of the left lane means— (a) the marked lane nearest to the far left side of the road; or

29 Making left turn as indicated by turn line (1) If a driver is turning left at an intersection and there is a turn line indicating how the turn is required to be made, the driver must make the turn as indicated by the turn line unless— (a) the driver is turning, at B lights or traffic arrows, in accordance (b) subsection (2) applies to the driver. Making a left turn as indicated by a turn line (2) A driver may turn left at an intersection other than as indicated by a turn line if—

(c) it is not practicable for the driver to turn left as indicated by the turn line; and (d) the driver can safely turn left other than as indicated by the turn line.

30 Application—div 4.2—certain right turns (1) This division does not apply to— (a) a driver turning right at an intersection where there is a hook turn only sign; or (b) the rider of a bicycle making a hook turn under division 4.3 (Hook turns at intersections); or (c) a driver making a U-turn; or (d) a driver entering or leaving a roundabout. (2) This division applies to a driver turning right from a road into a road related area or adjacent land, or from a road related area into a road, as if the driver were turning right at an intersection.

31 Starting right turn from road (except multi-lane road) (1) A driver turning right at an intersection from a road (except a multi-lane road) must approach and enter the intersection in accordance with this section. (2) If the road has a dividing line or median strip, the driver must approach and enter the intersection from the left of, parallel to, and as near as practicable to, the dividing line or median strip.

(3) If the road does not have a dividing line or median strip and is not a one-way road, the driver must approach and enter the intersection from the left of, parallel to, and as near as practicable to, the centre of (4) If the road is a one-way road, the driver must approach and enter the intersection from as near as practicable to the far right side of the road. (4A) Subsections (2) to (4) also apply to the rider of a bicycle who approaches and enters an intersection from a bicycle storage area. (4B) Despite subsections (2) to (4), if there is space in a bicycle storage area for 2 riders of bicycles to be next to each other, the rider on the left may approach and enter the intersection as near as practicable to the left side of the other rider, but only if that other rider approaches and enters the intersection in accordance with this section. Starting a right turn from a road with a dividing line

Starting a right turn from a one-way road

32 Starting right turn from multi-lane road (1) A driver turning right at an intersection from a multi-lane road must approach and enter the intersection from within the right lane (a) the driver is required or permitted to approach and enter the intersection from within another marked lane in accordance with— (i) section 89 (1) (Right turn sign); or (ii) section 92 (Traffic lane arrows); or (iii) section 159 (Marked lane required to be used by particular kind of vehicle); or (b) the driver is turning, at B lights or traffic arrows, in accordance

(c) subsection (2) applies to the driver. Example—s (1) (a) Starting a right turn on a multi-lane road with traffic lane arrows as required or permitted under s 92 (2) A driver may approach and enter the intersection from the marked lane next to the right lane as well as, or instead of, the right lane if— (d) it is not practicable for the driver to turn right from within the right lane; and turn right at the intersection by occupying the next marked lane, or both lanes.

(2A) If there is a bicycle storage area before an intersection that extends across 1 or more marked lanes of a multi-lane road, the rider of a bicycle turning right (but not making a hook turn) must approach and enter the intersection from within the part of the bicycle storage area that is directly in front of the right marked lane or of a bicycle lane that is on the right side of the road. right lane means— (a) the marked lane nearest to the dividing line or median strip on the road; or

33 Making right turn (1) A driver turning right at an intersection must make the turn in accordance with this section unless— (a) the driver is turning, at B lights or traffic arrows, in accordance (b) subsection (4) applies to the driver. (2) If there is a turn line indicating how the turn is required to be made, the driver must make the turn as indicated by the turn line.

(3) If there is no turn line indicating how the turn is required to be made, the driver must make the turn so the driver— (a) passes as near as practicable to the right of the centre of the (b) turns into the left of the centre of the road the driver is entering, unless the driver is entering a one-way road. Making a right turn as indicated by turn lines

Hook turns at intersections Division 4.3 Making a right turn from a road with no turn lines indicating how to make the turn (4) A driver may turn right other than as indicated by a turn line if— (c) it is not practicable for the driver to turn right as indicated by the turn line; and (d) the driver can safely make the turn other than as indicated by the turn line.

34 Making hook turn at hook turn only sign (1) A driver turning right at an intersection with traffic lights and a hook turn only sign must turn right by making a hook turn in accordance

(2) To make a hook turn, the driver must take, in sequence, each of the following steps:

1 Approach and enter the intersection from as near as practicable to the far left side of the road that the driver is leaving.

2 Move forward, keeping as near as practicable to the left of the intersection and clear of any marked foot crossing, until the driver is as near as practicable to the far side of the road that the driver is entering.

3 Remain at the position reached under step 2 until the traffic lights on the road that the driver is entering change to green. 4 Turn right into that road. Making a hook turn at a hook turn only sign

Hook turns at intersections Division 4.3

35 Optional hook turn by bicycle rider (1) The rider of a bicycle turning right at an intersection without a hook turn only sign, or a no hook turn by bicycles sign, may turn right at the intersection by making a right turn under division 4.2 (Right turns) or a hook turn under this section. (2) The rider must make a hook turn under this section in accordance with subsection (3). (3) To make a hook turn under this section, the rider must take, in sequence, each of the following steps: 1 Approach and enter the intersection from as near as practicable to the far left side of the road that the rider is leaving. 2 Move forward— (a) keeping as near as practicable to the far left side of the (b) keeping clear of any marked foot crossing; and (c) keeping clear, as far as practicable, of any driver turning left from the left of the intersection; until the rider is as near as practicable to the far side of the road that the rider is entering. 3 If there are traffic lights at the intersection, remain at the position reached under step 2 until the traffic lights on the road that the rider is entering change to green. 4 If there are no traffic lights at the intersection, remain at the position reached under step 2 until the rider has given way to approaching drivers on the road that the rider is leaving. 5 Turn right into the road that the rider is entering.

(4) To make a hook turn under this section at an intersection that has a bicycle hook turn storage area on the left side of the intersection as the rider approaches the intersection, the rider must take the following initial 2 steps instead of the initial 2 steps listed in subsection (3): 1 Approach the intersection from the far left side of the road the rider is leaving and enter the intersection by moving into the bicycle hook turn storage area, keeping clear of any marked foot crossing. 2 Move forward in the bicycle hook turn storage area until the rider is as near as practicable to the far side of the road that the rider is entering. Bicycle rider making a hook turn at an intersection without traffic lights where there is a bicycle hook turn storage area

U-turns Division 4.4 Bicycle rider making a hook turn at an intersection without traffic lights

36 Bicycle rider making hook turn contrary to no hook turn by bicycles sign The rider of a bicycle must not make a hook turn at an intersection that has a no hook turn by bicycles sign.

37 Beginning U-turn A driver must not begin a U-turn unless— (b) the driver can safely make the U-turn without unreasonably obstructing the free movement of traffic.

38 Giving way when making U-turn A driver making a U-turn must give way to all vehicles and

39 Making U-turn contrary to no U-turn sign (1) A driver must not make a U-turn at a break in a dividing strip on a road if there is a no U-turn sign at the break in the dividing strip. (2) A driver must not make a U-turn on a length of road to which a no U-turn sign applies. (3) A no U-turn sign on a road (except a no U-turn sign at an intersection or at a break in a dividing strip) applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearer of the following: (a) the next intersection on the road; (b) if the road ends at a T-intersection or dead end—the end of the

40 Making U-turn at intersection with traffic lights A driver must not make a U-turn at an intersection with traffic lights unless there is a U-turn permitted sign at the intersection.

41 Making U-turn at intersection without traffic lights A driver must not make a U-turn at an intersection without traffic lights if there is a no U-turn sign at the intersection.

U-turns Division 4.4

42 Starting U-turn at intersection A driver making a U-turn at an intersection must start the U-turn— (a) if the road where the driver is turning has a dividing line or median strip—from the marked lane nearest, or as near as practicable, to the dividing line or median strip; or (b) in any other case—from the left of the centre of the road. Starting a U-turn on a road with a median strip

Part 5 Change of direction and stop signals

44 Application—div 5.1—entering or leaving roundabout This division does not apply to a driver entering, in or leaving a roundabout.

45 Meaning of changes direction (1) A driver changes direction if the driver changes direction to the left or the driver changes direction to the right. (2) A driver changes direction to the left by doing any of the following: (a) turning left; (b) changing marked lanes to the left; (c) diverging to the left; (d) entering a marked lane, or a line of traffic, to the left; (e) moving to the left to, or from, a stationary position; (f) turning left into a marked lane, or a line of traffic, from a median strip parking area; (g) at a T-intersection where the continuing road curves to the right—leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead (3) A driver changes direction to the right by doing any of the following: (a) turning right; (b) changing marked lanes to the right; (c) diverging to the right;

Change of direction signals Division 5.1 (d) entering a marked lane, or a line of traffic, to the right; (e) moving to the right to, or from, a stationary position; (f) turning right into a marked lane, or a line of traffic, from a median strip parking area; (g) making a U-turn; (h) at a T-intersection where the continuing road curves to the left— leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead onto the terminating road. Example 1—s (2) (g) Driver indicating change of direction at a T-intersection where the continuing road curves to the right and the driver is proceeding straight ahead onto the terminating road

Example 2—s (3) (h) Driver indicating change of direction at a T-intersection where the continuing road curves to the left and the driver is proceeding straight ahead onto the terminating road

46 Giving left change of direction signal (1) Before a driver changes direction to the left, the driver must give a left change of direction signal in accordance with section 47 for long enough to comply with subsection (2) and, if subsection (3) applies to the driver, that subsection. (2) The driver must give the change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians. (3) If the driver is about to change direction by moving from a stationary position at the side of the road or in a median strip parking area, the driver must give the change of direction signal for at least 5 seconds before the driver changes direction. (4) The driver must stop giving the change of direction signal as soon as the driver completes the change of direction.

Change of direction signals Division 5.1 (5) This section does not apply to a driver if the driver’s vehicle is not

47 How to give left change of direction signal The driver of a vehicle must give a left change of direction signal by operating the vehicle’s left direction indicator lights.

48 Giving right change of direction signal (1) Before a driver changes direction to the right, the driver must give a right change of direction signal in accordance with section 49 for long enough to comply with subsection (2) and, if subsection (3) applies to the driver, that subsection. (2) The driver must give the change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians. (3) If the driver is about to change direction by moving from a stationary position at the side of the road or in a median strip parking area, the driver must give the change of direction signal for at least 5 seconds before the driver changes direction. (3A) Subsection (3) does not apply to the rider of a bicycle that is stopped in traffic but not parked. (4) The driver must stop giving the change of direction signal as soon as the driver completes the change of direction. (5) This section does not apply to— (a) the driver of a tram that is not fitted with direction indicator lights; or (b) the rider of a bicycle making a hook turn.

49 How to give right change of direction signal (1) The driver of a vehicle must give a right change of direction signal by operating the vehicle’s right direction indicator lights. (2) However, if the vehicle’s direction indicator lights are not in working order or are not clearly visible, or the vehicle is not fitted with direction indicator lights, the driver must give the change of direction signal by giving a hand signal in accordance with section 50, or using a mechanical signalling device fitted to the vehicle.

50 How to give right change of direction signal by giving hand signal To give a hand signal for changing direction to the right, the driver must extend the right arm and hand horizontally and at right angles from the right side of the vehicle, with the hand open and the palm facing the direction of travel. Giving a hand signal for changing direction to the right

51 When use of direction indicator lights permitted The driver of a vehicle must not operate a direction indicator light except— (a) to give a change of direction signal when the driver is required to give the signal under this regulation; or

Stop signals Division 5.2 (b) as part of the vehicle’s hazard warning lights.

52 Application—div 5.2—bicycle riders and certain tram drivers This division does not apply to the rider of a bicycle, or the driver of a tram that is not fitted with brake lights.

53 Giving stop signal (1) A driver must give a stop signal in accordance with section 54 before stopping or when suddenly slowing. (2) If the driver is stopping, the driver must give the stop signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other road users. (3) If the driver is slowing suddenly, the driver must give the stop signal while slowing.

54 How to give stop signal (1) The driver of a vehicle must give a stop signal by means of the vehicle’s brake lights. (2) However, if the vehicle’s brake lights are not in working order or are not clearly visible, or the vehicle is not fitted with brake lights, the driver must give the stop signal by giving a hand signal in accordance with section 55, or using a mechanical signalling device fitted to the

55 How to give stop signal by giving hand signal (1) To give a hand signal for stopping or suddenly slowing, the driver must extend the right arm and hand at right angles from the right side of the vehicle, with the upper arm horizontal and the forearm and hand pointing upwards, and with the hand open and the palm facing the direction of travel. (2) However, the rider of a motorbike may give the hand signal by extending the left arm and hand at right angles from the left side of the motorbike, with the upper arm horizontal and the forearm and hand pointing upwards, and with the hand open and the palm facing the direction of travel. Giving a hand signal for stopping or suddenly slowing

Part 6 Traffic lights, traffic arrows and twin red lights Division 6.1 Obeying traffic lights and traffic arrows 56 Stopping for red traffic light or arrow (1) A driver approaching or at traffic lights showing a red traffic light (a) if there is a stop line at or near the traffic lights—as near as (b) if there is a stop here on red signal sign at or near the traffic lights, but no stop line—as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the sign; or (c) if there is no stop line or stop here on red signal sign at or near the traffic lights—as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the nearest or only traffic lights; and must not proceed past the stop line, stop here on red signal sign or nearest or only traffic lights until the traffic lights show a green or flashing yellow traffic light or no traffic light.

Example—s (1) (b) Stopping at a stop here on red signal sign on a road the driver is entering In this example the driver may go straight ahead, or turn right or left, if there is a green traffic light showing at 1. However, the driver must not go beyond the stop here on red signal sign at 2 if there is a red traffic light showing on the road the driver is entering (see 2 and 3). (1A) However, if the traffic lights are at an intersection with a left turn on (2) A driver approaching or at traffic arrows showing a red traffic arrow who is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow must stop— (a) if there is a stop line at or near the traffic arrows—as near as (b) if there is a stop here on red arrow sign at or near the traffic arrows, but no stop line—as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the sign; or

(c) if there is no stop line or stop here on red arrow sign at or near the traffic arrows—as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the nearest or only traffic arrows; and must not proceed past the stop line, stop here on red arrow sign or nearest or only traffic arrows until the traffic arrows show a green or flashing yellow traffic arrow or no traffic arrow. (3) If there is a bicycle storage area before any traffic lights referred to in subsection (1) or (2), a reference to the stop line in subsection (1) (a) or (2) (a)— (a) in the case of the driver of a motor vehicle—is a reference to the first stop line that the driver comes, or came, to in approaching the lights; or (b) in the case of the rider of a bicycle—is a reference to the stop line that is nearest to the intersection.

57 Stopping for yellow traffic light or arrow (1) A driver approaching or at traffic lights showing a yellow traffic light (a) if there is a stop line at or near the traffic lights and the driver can stop safely before reaching the stop line—as near as (b) if there is no stop line at or near the traffic lights and the driver can stop safely before reaching the traffic lights—as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the nearest or only traffic lights; or

(c) if the traffic lights are at an intersection and the driver cannot stop safely in accordance with paragraph (a) or (b), but can stop safely before entering the intersection—before entering the intersection; and must not proceed past the stop line or nearest or only traffic lights, or into the intersection, until the traffic lights show a green or flashing yellow traffic light or no traffic light. (2) A driver approaching or at traffic arrows showing a yellow traffic arrow who is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow must stop— (a) if there is a stop line at or near the traffic arrows and the driver can stop safely before reaching the stop line—as near as (b) if there is no stop line at or near the traffic arrows and the driver can stop safely before reaching the traffic arrows—as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the nearest or only traffic arrows; or (c) if the traffic arrows are at an intersection and the driver cannot stop safely in accordance with paragraph (a) or (b), but can stop safely before entering the intersection—before entering the intersection; and must not proceed past the stop line or nearest or only traffic arrows, or into the intersection, until the traffic arrows show a green or flashing yellow traffic arrow or no traffic arrow.

(3) If the traffic lights or traffic arrows are at an intersection and the driver is not able to stop safely under subsection (1) or (2) and enters the intersection, the driver must leave the intersection as soon as the driver can do so safely. (4) If there is a bicycle storage area before any traffic lights referred to in subsection (1) or (2), a reference to the stop line in subsection (1) (a) or (2) (a)— (a) in the case of the driver of a motor vehicle—is a reference to the first stop line that the driver comes, or came, to in approaching the lights; (b) in the case of the rider of a bicycle—is a reference to the stop line that is nearest to the intersection.

58 Exceptions to stopping for red or yellow traffic light (1) A driver approaching or at traffic lights showing a red traffic light or yellow traffic light does not have to stop if a green traffic arrow is also showing and the driver is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow. (2) A driver turning at an intersection with traffic lights who approaches or is at a red traffic light on the road that the driver is entering does not have to stop for that traffic light if there is no stop line or stop here on red signal sign at or near the traffic light.

59 Proceeding through red traffic light (1) If traffic lights at an intersection or marked foot crossing are showing a red traffic light, a driver must not enter the intersection or marked foot crossing.

(2) However, if the traffic lights are at an intersection with a left turn on (3) Also, subsection (1) does not apply to a driver if section 58 (1) applies to the driver.

60 Proceeding through red traffic arrow If traffic arrows at an intersection or marked foot crossing are showing a red traffic arrow, and a driver is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow, the driver must not enter the intersection or marked foot crossing.

60A Proceeding through bicycle storage area before red traffic light or arrow (1) If there is a bicycle storage area before traffic lights that are showing a red traffic light, the driver of a motor vehicle must not allow any part of the vehicle to enter the bicycle storage area. (2) If there is a bicycle storage area before traffic arrows that are showing a red traffic arrow, and the driver of a motor vehicle is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow, the driver must not allow any part of the vehicle to enter the bicycle storage area.

61 Proceeding when traffic light or arrow at intersection changes to yellow or red (a) a driver at an intersection with traffic lights showing a green traffic light who has stopped after the stop line, stop here on red signal sign, or nearest or only traffic lights, at the intersection and is not making a hook turn at the intersection; or (b) a driver at an intersection with traffic arrows showing a green traffic arrow who is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow and has stopped after the stop line, stop here on red arrow sign, or nearest or only traffic arrows, at the intersection. A driver may stop after the stop line at an intersection with traffic lights showing a green traffic light, and not proceed through the intersection, because traffic is congested. (2) If the traffic lights or traffic arrows change to yellow or red while the driver is stopped and the driver has not entered the intersection, the driver must not enter the intersection. (3) However, if the traffic lights are at an intersection with a left turn on (4) Also, subsection (2) does not apply to a driver if section 58 (1) applies to the driver. (5) If the traffic lights or traffic arrows change to yellow or red while the driver is stopped and the driver has entered the intersection, the driver must leave the intersection as soon as the driver can do so safely.

Division 6.2 Giving way at traffic lights and traffic arrows

62 Giving way when turning at intersection with traffic lights (1) A driver turning at an intersection with traffic lights must give way to— (a) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road the driver is entering; and (b) if the driver is turning left at a left turn on red after stopping sign at the intersection— (i) any vehicle approaching from the right, turning right at the intersection into the road the driver is entering or making a U-turn; and (ii) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is on the road the driver is leaving; and (c) if the driver is turning right—any oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead or turning left at the intersection (except a vehicle turning left using a slip lane).

Giving way at traffic lights and traffic arrows Division 6.2 (2) However, a driver who is turning at an intersection with traffic arrows showing a green traffic arrow need not give way to an oncoming vehicle if the driver is turning in the direction indicated by the green traffic arrow. Giving way to a pedestrian on the road the driver is entering Driver turning right giving way to an oncoming vehicle going straight ahead

Driver turning right does not have to give way to an oncoming vehicle that is turning left into the road the driver is entering using a slip lane

63 Giving way at intersection with traffic lights not operating or only partly operating (1) This section applies to a driver at an intersection if traffic lights at the intersection are not operating, or the traffic lights are showing only a flashing yellow traffic light. (2) If there is a traffic light-stop sign at the intersection, the driver must comply with section 67 (Stopping and giving way at stop sign or stop line at intersection without traffic lights) as if the sign were a stop sign at an intersection without traffic lights. (3) If there is no traffic light-stop sign at the intersection, the driver must give way to vehicles and pedestrians at or near the intersection in accordance with section 72 (Giving way at intersection (except T-intersection or roundabout)) or section 73 (Giving way at T-intersection) as if the intersection were an intersection without traffic lights, or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line. (4) Subsection (3) does not apply if the intersection is a roundabout.

Giving way at traffic lights and traffic arrows Division 6.2

64 Giving way at flashing yellow traffic arrow at intersection A driver turning in the direction indicated by a flashing yellow traffic arrow at an intersection with traffic lights must give way to— (a) any vehicle travelling on the road the driver is entering; and (b) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road the driver is entering; and (c) if the driver is turning right—any oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead or turning left at the intersection (except a vehicle turning left using a slip lane).

65 Giving way at marked foot crossing (except at intersection) with flashing yellow traffic light (1) This section applies to a driver approaching or at a marked foot crossing (except at or near an intersection) with a flashing yellow traffic light at the crossing. (2) The driver must— (a) give way to any pedestrian on or entering the crossing; and (b) not obstruct any pedestrian on the crossing; and (c) not overtake or pass a vehicle that is travelling in the same direction as the driver and is stopping, or has stopped, to give way at the crossing; and (d) give way to any bicycle rider on or entering the crossing; and (e) not obstruct any bicycle rider on or entering the crossing.

Division 6.3 Twin red lights (except at level crossings) (3) If there is no pedestrian or bicycle rider on the crossing, and no other vehicle travelling in the same direction as the driver that is stopping, or has stopped, to give way at the crossing, the driver may proceed through the crossing. Division 6.3 Twin red lights (except at level crossings)

66 Stopping for twin red lights (except at level crossing) (1) A driver approaching or at twin red lights on a road (except at a level crossing) must stop in accordance with subsections (2) and (3). (2) If there is a stop line at or near the lights and the driver can stop safely before reaching the stop line, the driver must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the stop line. (3) If there is no stop line at or near the lights and the driver can stop safely before reaching the lights, the driver must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the lights. (4) If the driver stops for the lights, the driver must not proceed until the lights are not showing.

Division 7.1 Giving way at stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applying to driver

67 Stopping and giving way at stop sign or stop line at intersection without traffic lights (1) A driver at an intersection with a stop sign or stop line, but without traffic lights, must stop and give way in accordance with this section. (2) The driver must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching— (a) the stop line; or (b) if there is no stop line—the intersection. (3) The driver must give way to a vehicle in, entering or approaching the intersection except— (a) an oncoming vehicle turning right at the intersection if a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the oncoming vehicle; or (b) a vehicle turning left at the intersection using a slip lane; or (c) a vehicle making a U-turn. (4) If the driver is turning left or right or making a U-turn, the driver must also give way to any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road, or part of the road, the driver is entering.

(5) For this section, an oncoming vehicle travelling through a T-intersection on the continuing road is taken not to be turning. Stop line Stopping and giving way at a stop sign to vehicles on the left and right In this example, vehicle B must stop and give way to each vehicle A.

Stopping and giving way at a stop sign to an oncoming vehicle at a stop sign Stopping and giving way at a stop sign to an oncoming vehicle that is not at a stop sign or give way sign

68 Stopping and giving way at stop sign or stop line at other places (1) A driver approaching or at a place with a stop sign or stop line must stop and give way in accordance with this section, unless the place is— (a) an intersection; or (b) a children’s crossing; or (c) an area of a road that is not a children’s crossing only because it does not have— (i) children crossing flags; or (ii) children’s crossing signs and twin yellow lights; or (d) a level crossing; or (e) a place with twin red lights. 1 a stop sign at a break in a dividing strip dividing the part of the road used by the main body of moving vehicles from a service road 2 a stop sign on an exit from a car park where the exit joins the road (2) The driver must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching— (a) the stop line; or (b) if there is no stop line—the stop sign.

(3) The driver must give way to any vehicle or pedestrian at or near the stop line or stop sign. Stopping and giving way at a stop sign at a break in a dividing strip Stopping and giving way at a stop sign where a car park exit joins a road

69 Giving way at give way sign or give way line at intersection (except roundabout) (1) A driver at an intersection (except a roundabout) with a give way sign or give way line must give way in accordance with this section. (2) Unless the driver is turning left using a slip lane, the driver must give way to a vehicle in, entering or approaching the intersection except— (a) an oncoming vehicle turning right at the intersection if a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the oncoming vehicle; or (b) a vehicle turning left at the intersection using a slip lane; or (c) a vehicle making a U-turn. (2A) If the driver is turning left using a slip lane, the driver must give way to— (a) any vehicle on the road the driver is entering, or turning right at the intersection into the road the driver is entering (except a vehicle making a U-turn at the intersection); and (b) any other vehicle or pedestrian on the slip lane. (3) If the driver is turning left or right or making a U-turn, the driver must also give way to any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road, or part of the road, the driver is entering.

(4) For this section, an oncoming vehicle travelling through a T-intersection on the continuing road is taken not to be turning. Give way line Giving way at a give way sign to vehicles on the left and right In this example, vehicle B must give way to each vehicle A.

Giving way at a give way sign to an oncoming vehicle at a give way sign Giving way at a give way sign to an oncoming vehicle that is not at a stop sign or give way sign

Driver turning right at a give way line does not have to give way to a vehicle turning left using a slip lane

70 Giving way at give way sign at bridge or length of narrow road A driver approaching a bridge or length of narrow road with a give way sign must give way to any oncoming vehicle that is on, or approaching, the bridge or length of road when the driver reaches the Giving way at a bridge

Giving way at a length of narrow road

71 Giving way at give way sign or give way line at other places (1) A driver approaching or at a place (except an intersection, bridge or length of narrow road, level crossing, or a place with twin red lights) with a give way sign or give way line must give way in accordance 1 A give way sign at a break in a dividing strip dividing the part of the road used by the main body of moving vehicles from a service road. 2 A give way sign on a road at a place where a bicycle path meets the road.

(2) The driver must give way to any vehicle or pedestrian at or near the give way sign or give way line. Giving way at a give way sign at a break in a dividing strip Giving way at a give way sign where a bicycle path meets a road In this example, the motor vehicle must give way to the bicycle.

Division 7.2 Giving way at intersection without traffic lights or stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applying to driver

72 Giving way at intersection (except T-intersection or roundabout) (1) A driver at an intersection (except a T-intersection or roundabout) without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line, must give way in accordance with this section. (2) If the driver is going straight ahead, the driver must give way to any vehicle approaching from the right, unless a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the approaching Driver going straight ahead giving way to a vehicle on the right that is going straight ahead

Driver going straight ahead giving way to a vehicle on the right that is turning right (3) If the driver is turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane), the driver must give way to— (a) any vehicle approaching from the right, unless a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the approaching vehicle; and (b) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road the driver is entering. Driver turning left giving way to a vehicle on the right that is going straight ahead

Driver turning left giving way to a pedestrian on the road the driver is entering

(4) If the driver is turning left using a slip lane, the driver must give way to— (a) any vehicle approaching from the right or turning right at the intersection into the road the driver is entering (except a vehicle making a U-turn at the intersection); and (b) any pedestrian on or entering the slip lane. Driver turning left using a slip lane giving way to a vehicle that is turning right into the road the driver is entering (5) If the driver is turning right, the driver must give way to— (a) any vehicle approaching from the right, unless a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the approaching vehicle; and (b) any oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead or turning left at the intersection, unless— (i) a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the oncoming vehicle; or (ii) the oncoming vehicle is turning left using a slip lane; and

(c) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road the driver is entering. Driver turning right giving way to a vehicle on the right that is turning right into the road the driver is leaving Driver turning right giving way to an oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead on the road the driver is leaving

Example 8 Driver turning right giving way to an oncoming vehicle that is turning left into the road the driver is entering Example 9 Driver turning right giving way to a pedestrian on the road the driver is entering

73 Giving way at T-intersection (1) A driver at a T-intersection without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line, must give way in accordance (2) If the driver is turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane) or right from the terminating road into the continuing road, the driver must give way to— (a) any vehicle travelling on the continuing road (except a vehicle making a U-turn on the continuing road at the T-intersection); and (b) any pedestrian who is crossing the continuing road at or near the intersection. Driver turning right from the terminating road giving way to a vehicle on the continuing road

Driver turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane) from the terminating road giving way to a pedestrian on the continuing road (3) If the driver is turning left from the terminating road into the continuing road using a slip lane, the driver must give way to— (a) any vehicle travelling on the continuing road (except a vehicle making a U-turn on the continuing road at the T-intersection); and (b) any pedestrian on the slip lane. (4) If the driver is turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane) from the continuing road into the terminating road, the driver must give way to any pedestrian who is crossing the terminating road at or near the intersection.

Driver turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane) from the continuing road giving way to a pedestrian on the terminating road (5) If the driver is turning from the continuing road into the terminating road using a slip lane, the driver must give way to— (a) any vehicle approaching from the right (except a vehicle making a U-turn from the terminating road at the T-intersection); and (b) any pedestrian on or entering the slip lane. (6) If the driver is turning right from the continuing road into the terminating road, the driver must give way to— (a) any oncoming vehicle that is travelling through the intersection on the continuing road or turning left at the intersection; and (b) any pedestrian who is crossing the terminating road at or near the intersection.

turning left from the continuing road into the terminating road, for a driver, includes, where the continuing road curves to the right at a T-intersection, leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead turning right from the continuing road into the terminating road, for a driver, includes, where the continuing road curves to the left at a T-intersection, leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead Driver turning right from the continuing road giving way to an oncoming vehicle travelling through the intersection on the continuing road In this example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A

Driver leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead on the terminating road giving way to a vehicle travelling through the intersection on the continuing road This example shows a T-intersection where the continuing road (which is marked with broken white lines) goes around a corner. Vehicle B is leaving the continuing road to enter the terminating road. In this example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. Driver turning right from the continuing road giving way to an oncoming vehicle turning left from the continuing road

Entering or leaving road related areas and adjacent land Division 7.3 Driver turning right from the continuing road giving way to a pedestrian on the terminating road Division 7.3 Entering or leaving road related areas and adjacent land

74 Giving way when entering road from road related area or adjacent land (1) A driver entering a road from a road related area, or adjacent land, without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line must give way to— (a) any vehicle travelling on the road or turning into the road (except a vehicle turning right into the road from a road related area or adjacent land); and (b) any pedestrian on the road; and (c) any vehicle or pedestrian on any road related area that the driver crosses to enter the road; and (d) for a driver entering the road from a road related area— (i) any pedestrian on the road related area; and

Division 7.3 Entering or leaving road related areas and adjacent land (ii) any other vehicle ahead of the driver’s vehicle or approaching from the left or right. Driver entering a road from a road related area giving way to a pedestrian on the footpath and a vehicle on the road In this example, vehicle B must give way to the pedestrian on the footpath and to vehicle A.

75 Giving way when entering road related area or adjacent land from road (1) A driver entering a road related area or adjacent land from a place on a road without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line must give way to— (a) any pedestrian on the road; and (b) any vehicle or pedestrian on any road related area that the driver crosses or enters; and

Entering or leaving road related areas and adjacent land Division 7.3 (c) if the driver is turning right from the road—any oncoming vehicle on the road that is going straight ahead or turning left; and (d) if the road the driver is leaving ends at a T-intersection opposite the road related area or adjacent land and the driver is crossing the continuing road—any vehicle on the continuing road. Driver turning right from a road into a road related area giving way to an oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead and to a pedestrian on the footpath In this example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. Vehicle B must also give way to the pedestrian on the footpath.

Division 7.4 Keeping clear of and giving way to particular vehicles Driver crossing a continuing road at a T-intersection to enter a road related area giving way to a vehicle on the continuing road Division 7.4 Keeping clear of and giving way to particular vehicles

76 Keeping clear of tram travelling in tram lane etc (1) A driver must not move into the path of an approaching tram travelling in a tram lane, or on tram tracks marked along the left side of the tracks by a broken or continuous yellow line parallel to the tracks. (2) If a driver is in the path of an approaching tram travelling in a tram lane, or on tram tracks marked along the left side of the tracks by a broken or continuous yellow line parallel to the tracks, the driver must move out of the path of the tram as soon as the driver can do so safely.

Keeping clear of and giving way to particular vehicles Division 7.4

77 Giving way to buses (1) A driver driving on a length of road in a built-up area, in the left lane or left line of traffic, or in a bicycle lane on the far left side of the road, must give way to a bus in front of the driver if— (a) the bus has stopped, or is moving slowly, at the far left side of the road, on a shoulder of the road, or in a bus-stop bay; and (b) the bus displays a give way to buses sign and the right direction indicator lights of the bus are operating; and (c) the bus is about to enter or proceed in the lane or line of traffic in which the driver is driving. left lane, of a road, means— (a) the marked lane nearest to the far left side of the road (the first lane) or, if the first lane is a bicycle lane, the marked lane next to the first lane; or (b) if there is an obstruction in the first lane (for example, a parked car or roadworks) and the first lane is not a bicycle lane—the marked lane next to the first lane. left line of traffic, for a road, means the line of traffic nearest to the far left side of the road.

78 Keeping clear of police or emergency vehicle (1) A driver must not move into the path of an approaching police or emergency vehicle that is displaying a flashing blue or red light (whether or not it is also displaying other lights) or sounding an alarm.

(2) If a driver is in the path of an approaching police or emergency vehicle that is displaying a flashing blue or red light (whether or not it is also displaying other lights) or sounding an alarm, the driver must move out of the path of the vehicle as soon as the driver can do so (3) This section applies to the driver despite any other provision of this

79 Giving way to police or emergency vehicle (1) A driver must give way to a police or emergency vehicle that is displaying a flashing blue or red light (whether or not it is also displaying other lights) or sounding an alarm. (2) This section applies to the driver despite any other provision of this regulation that would otherwise require the driver of a police or emergency vehicle to give way to the driver.

80 Stopping at children’s crossing (1) A driver approaching a children’s crossing must drive at a speed at which the driver can, if necessary, stop safely before the crossing. (2) A driver approaching or at a children’s crossing must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the stop line at the crossing if— (a) a hand-held stop sign is displayed at the crossing; or (b) a pedestrian or bicycle rider is on or entering the crossing.

(3) If a driver stops at a children’s crossing for a hand-held stop sign, the driver must not proceed until there is no pedestrian or bicycle rider on or entering the crossing and the holder of the sign— (a) no longer displays the sign towards the driver; or (b) otherwise indicates that the driver may proceed. (4) If a driver stops at a children’s crossing for a pedestrian or bicycle rider, the driver must not proceed until there is no pedestrian or bicycle rider on or entering the crossing. (5) For this section, if a children’s crossing extends across a road with a dividing strip, the part of the children’s crossing on each side of the dividing strip is taken to be a separate children’s crossing. (6) In this regulation: children’s crossing means an area of a road— (a) at a place with stop lines marked on the road, and— (i) children crossing flags; or (ii) children’s crossing signs and twin yellow lights; and (b) indicated by— (i) 2 red and white posts erected on each side of the road; or (ii) 2 parallel continuous or broken lines on the road surface from 1 side of the road completely or partly across the (c) extending across the road between the posts or lines.

Driver stopped at stop line for pedestrians on a children’s crossing with children crossing flags In this example, the driver must stop at the stop line because there are pedestrians on the children’s crossing. Driver stopped at stop line for pedestrians on a children’s crossing with children’s crossing signs and twin yellow lights In this example, the driver must stop at the stop line because there are pedestrians on the children’s crossing.

81 Giving way at pedestrian crossing (1) A driver approaching a pedestrian crossing must drive at a speed at which the driver can, if necessary, stop safely before the crossing. (2) A driver must give way to any pedestrian or bicycle rider on or entering a pedestrian crossing. pedestrian crossing means an area of a road— (a) at a place with white stripes on the road surface that— (i) run lengthwise along the road; and (ii) are of approximately the same length; and (iii) are approximately parallel to each other; and (iv) are in a row that extends completely, or partly, across the (b) with or without either or both of the following: (i) a pedestrian crossing sign; (ii) alternating flashing twin yellow lights.

Giving way to a pedestrian on a pedestrian crossing In this example, the driver must give way to the pedestrian on the crossing. Giving way to a pedestrian on a pedestrian crossing at a slip lane In this example, the driver must give way to the pedestrian on the crossing.

82 Overtaking or passing vehicle at children’s crossing or pedestrian crossing A driver approaching a children’s crossing, or pedestrian crossing, must not overtake or pass a vehicle that is travelling in the same direction as the driver and is stopping, or has stopped, to give way to a pedestrian, or bicycle rider, on or entering the crossing. Driver not passing a vehicle that has stopped to give way to a pedestrian at a pedestrian crossing In this example, vehicle A has stopped to give way to a pedestrian on the crossing. Vehicle B must not overtake or pass vehicle A.

83 Giving way to pedestrian in shared zone A driver driving in a shared zone must give way to any pedestrian in the zone.

84 Giving way when driving through break in dividing strip (1) If a driver drives through a break in a dividing strip that has no stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line, the driver must give way to— (a) any tram on the dividing strip; and (b) any vehicle travelling on the part of the road the driver is entering (except a vehicle to which a stop sign, stop line, give way sign, or give way line applies). Giving way when driving through a break in a median strip

Other give way sections Division 7.6 Giving way when driving through a break in a dividing strip to leave a service road Giving way when driving through a break in a dividing strip to enter a service road

85 Giving way on painted island A driver entering a turning lane from a painted island must give way to— (a) any vehicle in the turning lane; or (b) if the turning lane and painted island are nearest to the far left side of the road—any vehicle entering the turning lane from the marked lane, or line of traffic, immediately to the right of the turning lane; or

(c) if the turning lane and painted island are nearest to the dividing line or median strip on the road or the far right side of the road— any vehicle entering the turning lane from the marked lane, or line of traffic, immediately to the left of the turning lane. Driver entering a turning lane from a painted island giving way to a vehicle entering the turning lane from the marked lane immediately to the right of the turning lane

Other give way sections Division 7.6 Driver entering a turning lane from a painted island giving way to a vehicle entering the turning lane from the marked lane immediately to the left of the turning lane

86 Giving way in median turning bay (1) A driver entering a median turning bay must give way to any oncoming vehicle already in the turning bay. median turning bay means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane— (a) to which a median turning lane sign applies; or (b) where traffic lane arrows applying to the lane indicate that vehicles travelling in opposite directions must turn right.

Giving way in a median turning bay

87 Giving way when moving from side of road or median strip parking area (1) A driver entering a marked lane, or a line of traffic, from the far left or right side of a road must give way to any vehicle travelling in the lane or line of traffic. (2) However, the driver of a public bus does not have to give way to a (a) the driver of the vehicle is required to give way to the bus under section 77 (Giving way to buses); and (b) it is safe for the bus to enter the lane or line of traffic in which the vehicle is driving. (3) A driver turning from a median strip parking area into a marked lane, or a line of traffic, must give way to any vehicle travelling in the lane or line of traffic.

Traffic signs and road markings at intersections and other places Division 8.1

Division 8.1 Traffic signs and road markings at intersections and other places

88 Left turn sign (1) If there is a left turn only sign at an intersection, a driver must turn left at the intersection. (2) If there is a left lane must turn left sign at an intersection, a driver who is in the left marked lane when entering the intersection must turn left at the intersection.

89 Right turn sign (1) If there is a right turn only sign at an intersection, a driver must turn right at the intersection. (2) If there is a right lane must turn right sign at an intersection, a driver who is in the right marked lane when entering the intersection must turn right at the intersection. turn right does not include make a U-turn.

90 No turns sign If there is a no turns sign at an intersection, a driver must not turn left or right, or make a U-turn, at the intersection.

Division 8.1 Traffic signs and road markings at intersections and other places

91 No left turn and no right turn sign (1) If there is a no left turn sign at an intersection, or another place on a road, a driver must not turn left at the intersection or place. (2) If there is a no right turn sign at an intersection, or another place on a road, a driver must not turn right or make a U-turn at the intersection or place. (3) However, a driver may make a U-turn at the intersection or place if there is a U-turn permitted sign at the intersection or place.

92 Traffic lane arrows (1) If a driver is driving in a marked lane at an intersection (except a roundabout) and there are traffic lane arrows applying to the lane, the driver must— (a) if the arrows indicate a single direction—drive in that direction; or (b) if the arrows indicate 2 or more directions—drive in 1 of those directions. (2) However, this section does not apply to a driver if— (a) the arrows indicate a direction to the right (whether or not they also indicate another direction) at an intersection and the driver is making a U-turn at the intersection; or (b) a traffic sign indicates that the driver may drive in a direction different to that indicated by the traffic lane arrows; or (c) the driver is driving in the direction indicated by traffic lane arrows that apply to 1 or more marked lanes and there is an obstruction in each of those lanes; or

Traffic signs and road markings at intersections and other places Division 8.1 (d) the driver is turning at an intersection in accordance with section 28 (2) (Starting left turn from multi-lane road) or section 32 (2) (Starting right turn from multi-lane road). Traffic lane arrows on the surface of marked lanes Traffic lane arrows on a traffic sign (3) The existence of a bicycle storage area in a marked lane does not alter a driver’s obligation to comply with this section.

Division 8.2 Traffic signs and road markings generally

93 No overtaking or passing sign (1) A driver must not— (a) drive past a no overtaking or passing sign if any oncoming vehicle is on the bridge or length of road to which the sign (b) overtake a vehicle on a bridge or length of road to which a no overtaking or passing sign applies. (2) A no overtaking or passing sign on a road applies to the length of road (including a length of road on a bridge) beginning at the sign and ending— (a) if information on or with the sign indicates a distance—at that distance past the sign; or (b) if the sign applies to a bridge—at the end of the bridge; or (c) at an end no overtaking or passing sign on the road.

94 No overtaking on bridge sign A driver on a bridge with a no overtaking on bridge sign must not overtake a vehicle between the sign and the far end of the bridge.

95 Emergency stopping lane only sign (1) A driver must not drive in an emergency stopping lane unless— (a) the driver needs to drive in the emergency stopping lane to avoid a collision, to stop in the lane, or because the driver’s vehicle is disabled; or

Traffic signs and road markings generally Division 8.2 (b) the driver is driving a police vehicle or emergency vehicle. (2) This section does not apply to the rider of a bicycle. emergency stopping lane means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane, to which an emergency stopping lane only sign applies.

96 Keep clear marking (1) A driver must not stop on an area of a road marked with a keep clear marking. keep clear marking means the words ‘keep clear’ marked across all or part of a road, with or without continuous lines marked across all or part of the road. Keep clear marking bounded by line road markings

Keep clear marking with no line road markings

97 Road access sign (1) A driver must not drive on a length of road to which a road access sign applies if information on or with the sign indicates that the driver or the driver’s vehicle is not permitted beyond the sign. (2) A road access sign on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign (including any road into which the length of road merges) and ending— (a) if the sign is on a freeway—at an end freeway sign or end road access sign on the road; or (b) if the sign is not on a freeway—at the nearer of the following: (i) if the road ends at a T-intersection or dead end—the end of the road; (ii) an end road access sign on the road.

Traffic signs and road markings generally Division 8.2 A road access sign on an access ramp to a freeway applies to the access ramp and the freeway into which the access ramp merges Road access sign End freeway sign End road access sign

98 One-way sign (1) A driver must not drive on a length of road to which a one-way sign applies except in the direction indicated by the arrow on the sign. (2) A one-way sign on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearer of the following: (a) a two-way sign on the road; (b) a keep left sign on the road; (c) another sign or road marking on the road that indicates that the road is a two-way road; (d) if the road ends at a T-intersection—the end of the road.

(3) This section does not apply to the rider of a motorbike that is a postal vehicle, the rider of a bicycle or the rider of an animal if the rider— (a) is riding on a bicycle path, footpath, nature strip, separated footpath or shared path adjacent to the length of road; and (b) is permitted to ride on the bicycle path, footpath, nature strip, separated footpath or shared path under this regulation.

99 Keep left and keep right sign (1) A driver driving past a keep left sign must drive to the left of the sign. (2) A driver driving past a keep right sign must drive to the right of the (3) This section does not apply to the rider of a motorbike that is a postal vehicle, the rider of a bicycle or the rider of an animal if the rider— (a) is riding on a bicycle path, footpath, nature strip, separated footpath or shared path; and (b) is permitted to ride on the bicycle path, footpath, nature strip, separated footpath or shared path under this regulation.

100 No entry sign A driver must not drive past a no entry sign.

101 Hand-held stop sign (1) A driver approaching a hand-held stop sign must stop before reaching the sign.

Signs for trucks, buses and other large vehicles Division 8.3 (2) The driver must not proceed until the holder of the sign— (a) no longer displays the sign towards the driver; or (b) otherwise indicates that the driver may proceed. (3) This section does not apply to a driver approaching or at a hand-held stop sign at a children’s crossing.

101A Safety ramp and arrester bed sign (1) A driver must not drive on a safety ramp or arrester bed unless it is necessary for the driver to do so in the interests of safety. arrester bed means an area to which an arrester bed sign applies. safety ramp means an area to which a safety ramp sign applies. Division 8.3 Signs for trucks, buses and other large vehicles

102 Clearance and low clearance sign (1) A driver must not drive past a clearance sign, or a low clearance sign, if the driver’s vehicle, or any vehicle connected to it, is higher than the height (in metres) indicated by the sign. vehicle includes any load carried by the vehicle.

103 Load limit sign (1) A driver must not drive past a bridge load limit (gross mass) sign or gross load limit sign if the total of the gross mass (in tonnes) of the driver’s vehicle, and any vehicle connected to it, is more than the gross mass indicated by the sign. (2) A driver must not drive past a bridge load limit (mass per axle group) sign if the mass (in tonnes) carried by an axle group of the driver’s vehicle, or any vehicle connected to it, is more than the mass indicated by the sign for the axle group. vehicle includes any load carried by the vehicle.

104 No trucks sign (1) A driver (except the driver of a bus) must not drive past a no trucks sign that has information on or with it indicating a mass if the GVM of the driver’s vehicle (or, if the driver is driving a combination, any vehicle in the combination) is more than that mass. (2) A driver (except the driver of a bus) must not drive past a no trucks sign that has information on or with it indicating a length if the length of the driver’s vehicle (or, if the driver is driving a combination, the length of the combination) is longer than that length. (3) The driver of a truck must not drive past a no trucks sign that has no information on or with it indicating a mass or length.

Signs for trucks, buses and other large vehicles Division 8.3 (4) This section does not apply to a driver if the destination of the driver lies beyond a no trucks sign and— (a) there is no other route by which the driver’s vehicle could reach that destination; or (b) any other route by which the driver’s vehicle could reach that destination would require the vehicle to pass another no trucks

105 Trucks must enter sign If the driver of a truck drives past a trucks must enter sign, the driver must enter the area indicated by information on or with the sign.

106 No buses sign (1) The driver of a bus must not drive past a no buses sign that has information on or with it indicating a mass if the GVM of the bus is more than that mass. (2) The driver of a bus must not drive past a no buses sign that has information on or with it indicating a length if the bus is longer than that length. (3) The driver of a bus must not drive past a no buses sign that has no information on or with it indicating a mass or length.

107 Buses must enter sign If the driver of a bus drives past a buses must enter sign, the driver must enter the area indicated by information on or with the sign.

108 Trucks and buses low gear sign (1) If the driver of a truck or bus is driving on a length of road to which a trucks and buses low gear sign applies, the driver must drive the truck or bus in a gear that is low enough to limit the speed of the truck or bus without the use of a primary brake. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the driver of a bus if information on or with the sign indicates that it applies only to trucks. (3) A trucks and buses low gear sign on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending— (a) if information on or with the sign indicates a distance—at that distance on the road from the sign; or (b) in any other case—at an end trucks and buses low gear sign on primary brake means the footbrake, or other brake, fitted to a truck or bus that is normally used to slow or stop the vehicle.

109 Meaning of roundabout roundabout means an intersection— (a) with either— (i) 1 or more marked lanes, all of which are for the use of vehicles travelling in the same direction around a central traffic island; or (ii) room for 1 or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction around a central traffic island; and (b) with or without a roundabout sign at each entrance.

110 Meaning of halfway around roundabout A driver leaves a roundabout halfway around the roundabout if the driver leaves the roundabout on a road that is straight ahead, or substantially straight ahead, from the road on which the driver enters the roundabout.

111 Entering roundabout from multi-lane road or road with 2 or more lines of traffic travelling in same direction (1) A driver entering a roundabout from a multi-lane road, or a road with room for 2 or more lines of traffic (other than motorbikes, bicycles, motorised wheelchairs or animals) travelling in the same direction as the driver, must enter the roundabout in accordance with this section.

(2) If the driver is to leave the roundabout less than halfway around it, the driver must enter the roundabout from the left marked lane or, if the road is not a multi-lane road, as near as practicable to the left side Leaving a roundabout less than halfway around it (3) If the driver is to leave the roundabout more than halfway around it, the driver must enter the roundabout from the right marked lane or, if the road is not a multi-lane road, from the left of, parallel to, and as near as practicable to, the dividing line or median strip.

Leaving a roundabout more than halfway around it (4) If the driver is to leave the roundabout halfway around it, the driver may enter the roundabout from any marked lane or, if the road is not a multi-lane road, anywhere on the part of the road on which vehicles travelling in the same direction as the driver may travel. Leaving a roundabout halfway around it

(5) Despite subsections (2) to (4), if the driver is entering the roundabout from a marked lane and there are traffic lane arrows applying to the lane, the driver must— (a) if the arrows indicate a single direction—drive in that direction after entering the roundabout; or (b) if the arrows indicate 2 or more directions—drive in 1 of those directions after entering the roundabout. Roundabout with 3 entry points

Roundabout with 5 entry points (6) Subsection (3) does not apply to the rider of a bicycle or animal. (7) Subsection (5) does not apply to the rider of a bicycle or animal if the rider is to leave the roundabout more than halfway around it. (8) Despite subsection (2), a driver may approach and enter the roundabout from the marked lane next to the left lane as well as, or instead of, the left lane if— roundabout; and (d) it is not practicable for the driver to leave the roundabout less than halfway around it from within the left lane; and leave the roundabout less than halfway around it by occupying the next marked lane, or both lanes.

(9) Despite subsection (3), the driver may approach and enter the roundabout from the marked lane next to the right lane as well as, or instead of, the right lane if— roundabout; and (d) it is not practicable for the driver to leave the roundabout more than halfway around it from within the right lane; and leave the roundabout more than halfway around it by occupying the next marked lane, or both lanes. (10) In this section: left lane means— (a) the marked lane nearest to the far left side of the road; or right lane means— (a) the marked lane nearest to the dividing line or median strip on the road; or

112 Giving left change of direction signal when entering (1) This section applies to a driver entering a roundabout if— (a) the driver is to leave the roundabout at the first exit after entering the roundabout; and (b) the exit is less than halfway around the roundabout. (2) Before entering the roundabout, the driver must give a left change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians. (3) The driver must continue to give the change of direction signal until the driver has left the roundabout. (4) This section does not apply to a driver if the driver’s vehicle is not

113 Giving right change of direction signal when entering (1) This section applies to a driver entering a roundabout if the driver is to leave the roundabout more than halfway around it. (2) Before entering the roundabout, the driver must give a right change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians. (3) The driver must continue to give the change of direction signal while the driver is driving in the roundabout, unless— (a) the driver is changing marked lanes, or entering another line of traffic; or

(b) the driver’s vehicle is not fitted with direction indicator lights; or (c) the driver is about to leave the roundabout.

114 Giving way when entering or driving in roundabout (1) A driver entering a roundabout must give way to— (a) any vehicle in the roundabout; and (b) a tram that is entering or approaching the roundabout. (2) A driver driving in a roundabout must give way to a tram that is in, entering or approaching the roundabout.

115 Driving in roundabout (1) A driver driving in a roundabout must drive— (a) to the left of the central traffic island in the roundabout; or (b) if subsection (2) applies to the driver—on the edge of the central traffic island, to the left of the centre of the island; or (c) if subsection (3) applies to the driver—over the central traffic island, as near as practicable to the left of the centre of the central traffic island.

(2) This subsection applies to a driver if— (a) the driver’s vehicle is too large to drive in the roundabout without driving on the edge of the central traffic island; and (b) the driver can safely drive on the edge of the central traffic island. (3) This subsection applies to a driver if— (a) the driver’s vehicle is too large to drive in the roundabout without driving over the central traffic island; and (b) the central traffic island is designed to allow a vehicle of that kind to be driven over it; and (c) the driver can safely drive over the central traffic island.

116 Obeying traffic lane arrows when driving in or leaving If a driver is driving in a marked lane in a roundabout and there are traffic lane arrows applying to the lane, the driver must— (a) if the arrows indicate a single direction—drive in or leave the roundabout in that direction; or (b) if the arrows indicate 2 or more directions—drive in or leave the roundabout in 1 of those directions.

117 Giving change of direction signal when changing marked lane or line of traffic in roundabout (1) A driver driving in a roundabout must give a left change of direction signal before the driver changes marked lanes to the left, or enters a part of the roundabout where there is room for another line of traffic to the left, in the roundabout, unless the driver’s vehicle is not fitted with direction indicator lights. (2) A driver driving in a roundabout must give a right change of direction signal before the driver changes marked lanes to the right, or enters a part of the roundabout where there is room for another line of traffic to the right, in the roundabout.

118 Giving left change of direction signal when leaving (1) If practicable, a driver driving in a roundabout must give a left change of direction signal when leaving the roundabout. (2) The driver must stop giving the change of direction signal as soon as the driver has left the roundabout. (3) This section does not apply to a driver if the driver’s vehicle is not

119 Giving way by rider of bicycle or animal to vehicle leaving The rider of a bicycle or animal who is riding in the far left marked lane of a roundabout with 2 or more marked lanes, or the far left line of traffic in a roundabout with room for 2 or more lines of traffic (other than motorbikes, bicycles, motorised wheelchairs or animals), must give way to any vehicle leaving the roundabout.

120 Meaning of level crossing level crossing means— (a) an area where a road and a railway meet at substantially the same level, whether or not there is a level crossing sign on the road at all or any of the entrances to the area; or (b) an area where a road and tram tracks meet at substantially the same level and that has a level crossing sign on the road at each entrance to the area. (1A) A reference to a level crossing in this section includes a reference to any area adjacent to the crossing that is denoted by painted cross-hatched road markings.

121 Stopping and giving way at stop sign at level crossing A driver at a level crossing with a stop sign must— (a) stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the stop line or, if there is no stop line, as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the stop sign; and (b) give way to any train or tram on, approaching or entering the crossing.

Level crossings Part 10

122 Giving way at give way sign or give way line at level crossing A driver at a level crossing with a give way sign or give way line must give way to any train or tram on, approaching or entering the crossing.

123 Entering level crossing when train or tram approaching etc A driver must not enter a level crossing if— (a) warning lights (for example, twin red lights or rotating red lights) are operating or warning bells are ringing; or (b) a gate, boom or barrier at the crossing is closed or is opening or closing; or (c) a train or tram is on or entering the crossing; or (d) a train or tram approaching the crossing can be seen from the crossing, or is sounding a warning, and there would be a danger of a collision with the train or tram if the driver entered the crossing; or (e) the driver cannot drive through the crossing because the crossing, or a road beyond the crossing, is blocked. Examples—par (e) pedestrian, or by stock on the road.

124 Leaving level crossing A driver who enters a level crossing must leave the level crossing as soon as the driver can do so safely.

Part 11 Keeping left, overtaking and other driving rules

125 Unreasonably obstructing driver or pedestrian (1) A driver must not unreasonably obstruct the path of another driver or a pedestrian. (2) For this section, a driver does not unreasonably obstruct the path of another driver or a pedestrian only because— (a) the driver is stopped in traffic; or (b) the driver is driving more slowly than other vehicles (unless the driver is driving abnormally slowly in the circumstances). Example—driver driving abnormally slowly A driver driving at a speed of 20km/h on a length of road to which a speed limit of 80km/h applies when there is no reason for the driver to drive at that speed on the

126 Keeping safe distance behind vehicle A driver must drive a sufficient distance behind a vehicle travelling in front of the driver so the driver can, if necessary, stop safely to avoid a collision with the vehicle.

General Division 11.1

127 Keeping minimum distance between long vehicles (1) The driver of a long vehicle must drive at least the required minimum distance behind another long vehicle travelling in front of the driver, unless the driver is— (a) driving on a multi-lane road or any length of road in a built-up area; or (b) overtaking. long vehicle means a vehicle that, together with any load or projection, is 7.5m long, or longer. required minimum distance means— (a) for a road train that is behind a long vehicle—200m; or (b) for a long vehicle other than a road train that is behind a long vehicle—60m.

128 Entering blocked intersection A driver must not enter an intersection if the driver cannot drive through the intersection because the intersection, or a road beyond the intersection, is blocked. The intersection, or a road beyond the intersection, may be blocked by congested traffic, a disabled vehicle, a collision between vehicles or between a vehicle and a pedestrian, or by a fallen load on the road.

128A Entering blocked crossing (1) A driver must not enter a children’s crossing, marked foot crossing or pedestrian crossing if the driver cannot drive through the crossing because the crossing, or a road beyond the crossing, is blocked. pedestrian, or by a fallen load on the road. (2) Despite subsection (1), a driver may enter a children’s crossing or a pedestrian crossing if— (a) the crossing is immediately before an intersection that does not have traffic lights; and (b) the crossing is not blocked; and (c) before entering the crossing, the driver gives way to any pedestrian on the crossing. (3) Subsection (2) applies despite anything to the contrary in section 171 (Stopping on or near children’s crossing) or section 172 (Stopping on or near pedestrian crossing (except at intersection)). (4) However, subsection (3) is not intended to permit a driver to park a vehicle contrary to section 171 or section 172.

129 Keeping to far left side of road (1) A driver on a road (except a multi-lane road) must drive as near as practicable to the far left side of the road. (2) This section does not apply to the rider of a motorbike.

130 Keeping to left on multi-lane road (1) This section applies to a driver driving on a multi-lane road if— (a) the speed limit applying to the driver for the length of road where the driver is driving is over 80km/h; or (b) a keep left unless overtaking sign applies to the length of road where the driver is driving. (2) The driver must not drive in the right lane unless— (a) the driver is turning right, or making a U-turn from the centre of the road, and is giving a right change of direction signal; or (b) the driver is overtaking; or (c) a left lane must turn left sign or left traffic lane arrows apply to any other lane and the driver is not turning left; or (d) the driver is required to drive in the right lane under section 159 (Marked lane required to be used by particular kind of vehicle); or (e) the driver is avoiding an obstruction; or (f) the traffic in each other lane is congested; or (g) the traffic in every lane is congested; or (h) the right lane is a special purpose lane in which the driver, under another provision of this regulation, is permitted to drive; or (i) there are only 2 marked lanes and the left lane is a slow vehicle turn out lane.

(3) A keep left unless overtaking sign on a multi-lane road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearest of the (a) an end keep left unless overtaking sign on the road; (b) a traffic sign or road marking on the road that indicates that the road is no longer a multi-lane road; lane, for a driver, means a marked lane for vehicles travelling in the same direction as the driver, but does not include a special purpose lane in which the driver is not permitted to drive. slow vehicle turn out lane means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane, to which a slow vehicle turn out lane sign applies.

131 Keeping to left of oncoming vehicle (1) A driver must drive to the left of any oncoming vehicle unless— (a) the driver is turning right at an intersection; and (b) the driver is passing an oncoming vehicle turning right at the (c) there is no traffic sign or road marking indicating that the driver must pass to the left of the oncoming vehicle.

(2) This section does not apply to the rider of a motorbike that is a postal vehicle, the rider of a bicycle or the rider of an animal if— (a) the rider is riding on a footpath, nature strip or shared path; and (b) the rider is permitted to ride on the footpath, nature strip or shared path under this regulation; and (c) either— (i) the oncoming vehicle is not on the footpath, nature strip or shared path; or (ii) the oncoming vehicle is not permitted, under this regulation, to be on the footpath, nature strip or shared path. Driving to the left of an oncoming vehicle

Oncoming vehicles turning right passing to the right of each other

132 Keeping to left of centre of road or dividing line (1) A driver on a two-way road without a dividing line or median strip must drive to the left of the centre of the road, except as permitted under section 133 or section 139 (1) (Exceptions for avoiding obstruction on road).

(2) A driver on a road with a dividing line must drive to the left of the dividing line, except as permitted under section 134 (Exceptions to keeping to left of dividing line) or section 139 (2). Driving to the left of a single continuous dividing line only Driving to the left of a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line

Driving to the left of 2 parallel continuous dividing lines (2A) A driver on a road with a single continuous dividing line, a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line or 2 parallel continuous dividing lines must not drive across the dividing lines to perform a U-turn. Driving across a single continuous dividing line to make a U-turn is not permitted

Driving across a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line to make a U-turn is not permitted Driving across 2 parallel continuous dividing lines to make a U-turn is not permitted (3) This section, section 133, section 134 and section 139 (1) and (2) apply to a service road to which a two-way sign applies as if it were a separate road, but do not apply to any other service road. road does not include a footpath, nature strip, bicycle path, separated footpath or shared path.

133 Exceptions to keeping to left of centre of road (1) This section applies to a driver on a two-way road without a dividing line or median strip. (2) The driver may drive to the right of the centre of the road— (a) to overtake another driver; or (b) to enter or leave the road; or (c) to enter a part of the road of 1 kind from a part of the road of emergency stopping lane). (3) The driver may also drive to the right of the centre of the road if— (a) because of the width or condition of the road, it is not practicable to drive to the left of the centre of the road; and (b) the driver can do so safely.

134 Exceptions to keeping to left of dividing line (1) This section applies to a driver on a road with a dividing line. (2) If the dividing line is a single broken dividing line only, or a broken dividing line to the left of a single continuous dividing line, or 2 parallel broken dividing lines, the driver may drive to the right of the dividing line— (a) to overtake another driver; or (b) to perform a U-turn, unless another provision would prohibit the driver performing the U-turn.

(3) If the dividing line is a single continuous or broken dividing line, or a broken dividing line to the left or right of a single continuous dividing line, or 2 parallel broken dividing lines, the driver may drive to the right of the dividing line— (b) to enter a part of the road of 1 kind from a part of the road of emergency stopping lane); or (c) to park in angle parking on the opposite side of the road provided that the driver does not need to perform a U-turn to reach the parking area. Driving to the right of the centre of the road permitted—overtaking on a road with a broken dividing line only

Driving to the right of the centre of the road permitted—overtaking on a road with a broken dividing line to the left of a single continuous dividing line Example 2A Driving across a single continuous dividing line is permitted to enter or leave the road

Example 2B Driving across a single continuous dividing line is permitted to leave the road to enter a road related area Example 2C Driving across a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line is permitted to enter or leave the road

Driving to the right of the centre of the road not permitted - overtaking on a road with a single continuous dividing line only Driving to the right of the centre of the road not permitted - overtaking on a road with a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line

Driving to the right of the centre of the road not permitted—overtaking on a road with 2 parallel continuous dividing lines

135 Keeping to left of median strip (1) A driver on a road with a median strip must drive to the left of the median strip, unless the driver is— (a) entering or driving in a median strip parking area; or (b) required to drive to the right of the median strip by a keep right median strip does not include a painted island.

136 Driving on one-way service road A driver on the part of the road that is a service road (except a service road to which a two-way sign applies) must drive in the same direction as a vehicle travelling on the part of the road closest to the service road is required to travel.

137 Keeping off dividing strip (1) A driver must not drive on a dividing strip, except as permitted under this section or section 139 (4) (Exceptions for avoiding obstruction on road). (2) A driver may drive on a dividing strip that is at the same level as the road, and marked at each side by a continuous line— (b) to enter or leave an area on the dividing strip to which a parking control sign applies if the driver is permitted to park in the area. (2A) For subsection (2), a dividing strip is to be treated as being at the same level as the road even if it contains 1 or more raised pavement bars or markers. dividing strip does not include a painted island.

138 Keeping off painted island (1) A driver must not drive on or over a single continuous line, or 2 parallel continuous lines, along a side of or surrounding a painted island, except as permitted under this section or section 139 (4). Painted island surrounded by 2 parallel continuous lines (2) A driver may drive on or over a single continuous line along the side of or surrounding a painted island for up to 50m— (b) to enter a turning lane that begins immediately after the painted island; or (c) to enter a part of the road of 1 kind from a part of the road of emergency stopping lane); or (d) to park in angle parking on the opposite side of the road provided that the driver does not need to perform a U-turn to reach the parking area.

(3) Subsection (2) (a) does not apply in the case of a painted island— (a) that separates a road that takes vehicles in 1 direction from another road that takes vehicles in the same direction at a place where the roads merge; or (b) that separates 1 part of a road from other parts of the road to create a slip lane.

139 Exceptions for avoiding obstruction on road (1) A driver on a two-way road without a dividing line or median strip may drive to the right of the centre of the road to avoid an obstruction if— (b) it is necessary and reasonable, in all the circumstances, for the driver to drive to the right of the centre of the road to avoid the (2) A driver on a road with a dividing line may drive to the right of the dividing line to avoid an obstruction if— (b) it is necessary and reasonable, in all the circumstances, for the driver to drive to the right of the dividing line to avoid the (3) For subsection (2), if the dividing line is a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line, a single continuous dividing line only or 2 parallel continuous dividing lines, the hazard in driving to the right of such a dividing line must be taken into account in deciding whether it is reasonable to drive to the right of the dividing line. (4) A driver may drive on a dividing strip, or on or over a single continuous line, or 2 parallel continuous lines, along a side of or surrounding a painted island, to avoid an obstruction if— (b) it is necessary and reasonable to drive on the dividing strip or painted island to avoid the obstruction; and

140 No overtaking unless safe to do so A driver must not overtake a vehicle unless— (b) the driver can safely overtake the vehicle.

141 No overtaking etc to left of vehicle (1) A driver (except the rider of a bicycle) must not overtake a vehicle to the left of the vehicle unless— (a) the driver is driving on a multi-lane road and the vehicle can be safely overtaken in a marked lane to the left of the vehicle; or (b) the vehicle is turning right, or making a U-turn from the centre of the road, and is giving a right change of direction signal and it is safe to overtake to the left of the vehicle; or (c) the vehicle is stationary and it is safe to overtake to the left of the vehicle; or (d) the driver is lane filtering in accordance with section 151A. (2) The rider of a bicycle must not ride past, or overtake, to the left of a vehicle that is turning left and is giving a left change of direction signal. vehicle does not include a tram, a bus travelling along tram tracks, or any vehicle displaying a do not overtake turning vehicle sign.

Overtaking Division 11.3

142 No overtaking to right of vehicle turning right etc (1) A driver must not overtake to the right of a vehicle if the vehicle is turning right, or making a U-turn from the centre of the road, and is giving a right change of direction signal. vehicle does not include a tram, a bus travelling along tram tracks, or any vehicle displaying a do not overtake turning vehicle sign.

143 Passing or overtaking vehicle displaying do not overtake turning vehicle sign (1) A driver must not drive past, or overtake, to the left of a vehicle displaying a do not overtake turning vehicle sign if the vehicle is turning left and is giving a left change of direction signal, unless it is safe to do so. (1A) A driver must not drive past, or overtake, to the left of a vehicle displaying a do not overtake turning vehicle sign unless— (a) the driver is driving on a multi-lane road and the vehicle can be safely overtaken in a marked lane to the left of the vehicle; or (b) the vehicle is turning right, or making a U-turn from the centre of the road, and is giving a right change of direction signal and it is safe to overtake to the left of the vehicle; or (c) the vehicle is stationary and it is safe to overtake to the left of

(2) A driver must not drive past, or overtake, to the right of a vehicle displaying a do not overtake turning vehicle sign if the vehicle is turning right, or making a U-turn from the centre of the road, and is giving a right change of direction signal, unless it is safe to do so. A driver driving on a multi-lane road who is turning right at an intersection to which a right turn only sign applies may drive past a vehicle displaying a do not overtake turning vehicle sign that is turning right from another marked lane, and giving a right change of direction signal, if it is safe to do so.

144 Keeping safe distance when overtaking A driver overtaking a vehicle— (a) must pass the vehicle at a sufficient distance to avoid a collision with the vehicle or obstructing the path of the vehicle; and (b) must not return to the marked lane or line of traffic where the vehicle is travelling until the driver is a sufficient distance past the vehicle to avoid a collision with the vehicle or obstructing the path of the vehicle.

145 Driver being overtaken not to increase speed If a driver is overtaking another driver on a two-way road by crossing a dividing line, or crossing to the right of the centre of the road, the other driver must not increase the speed at which the driver is driving until the first driver— (a) has passed the other driver; and (b) has returned to the marked lane or line of traffic where the other driver is driving; and

(c) is a sufficient distance in front of the other driver to avoid a collision.

Division 11.4 Driving in marked lanes or lines of traffic

146 Driving within single marked lane or line of traffic (1) A driver on a multi-lane road must drive so the driver’s vehicle is completely in a marked lane, unless the driver is— (a) entering a part of the road of 1 kind from a part of the road of a shoulder of the road); or (b) entering or leaving the road; or (c) moving from 1 marked lane to another marked lane; or (d) avoiding an obstruction; or (e) obeying a traffic control device applying to the marked lane; or (ea) lane filtering in accordance with section 151A; or (f) permitted to drive in more than 1 marked lane under another provision of this regulation. (2) A driver on a road with 2 or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction as the driver, but without marked lanes, must drive so the driver’s vehicle is completely in a single line of traffic unless— (a) it is not practicable to drive completely in a single line of traffic; or (b) the driver is entering a part of the road of 1 kind from a part of the road of another kind (for example, moving to or from a service road or a shoulder of the road); or

(c) the driver is entering or leaving the road; or (d) the driver is moving from 1 line of traffic to another line of traffic; or (e) the driver is avoiding an obstruction; or (f) the driver is lane filtering in accordance with section 151A.

147 Moving from 1 marked lane to another marked lane across continuous line separating lanes A driver on a multi-lane road must not move from 1 marked lane to another marked lane by crossing a continuous line separating the lanes unless— (a) the driver is avoiding an obstruction; or (b) the driver is obeying a traffic control device applying to the first marked lane; or (c) the driver is permitted to drive in both marked lanes under another provision of this regulation; or (d) either of the marked lanes is a special purpose lane in which the driver is permitted to drive under this regulation and the driver is moving to or from the special purpose lane; or (e) either of the marked lanes is a special purpose lane during specified times only and the driver— (i) is moving to or from that lane outside of the times during which it is a special purpose lane; and (ii) is permitted to drive in that lane outside of the times during which it is a special purpose lane under this regulation; or (f) the driver is lane filtering in accordance with section 151A.

148 Giving way when moving from 1 marked lane or line of traffic to another marked lane or line of traffic (1) A driver who is moving from 1 marked lane (whether or not the lane is ending) to another marked lane must give way to any vehicle travelling in the same direction as the driver in the marked lane to which the driver is moving. Giving way when moving from 1 marked lane to another marked lane

Giving way when moving from 1 marked lane to another marked lane (2) A driver on a road with 2 or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction as the driver, and who is moving from 1 line of traffic to another line of traffic, must give way to any vehicle travelling in the same direction as the driver in the line of traffic to which the driver is moving.

(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a driver if the line of traffic in which the driver is driving is merging with the line of traffic to which the driver is moving. Giving way when moving from 1 line of traffic to another line of traffic when the lines are not merging In this example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A

148A Giving way when moving within single marked lane If a driver diverges to the left or right within a marked lane, the driver must give way to any vehicle that is in the lane.

149 Giving way when lines of traffic merge into single line of traffic A driver in a line of traffic that is merging with 1 or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction as the driver must give way to a vehicle in another line of traffic if any part of the vehicle is ahead of the driver’s vehicle. Giving way when lines of traffic merge into a single line of traffic

150 Driving on or across continuous white edge line (1) A driver must not drive on or over a continuous white edge line on a road unless subsection (1A) or (1B) applies to the driver. (1A) A driver may drive on or over a continuous white edge line on a road if the driver is— (a) overtaking a vehicle that is turning right, or making a U-turn from the centre of the road, and is giving a right change of direction signal; or

(b) driving a slow-moving vehicle, and it is necessary for the driver to drive on or over the edge line to allow the vehicle to be overtaken or passed by another vehicle; or (c) driving a vehicle that is too wide, or too long, to drive on the road without driving on or over the edge line; or (d) avoiding an obstruction. (1B) A driver may drive on or over a continuous white edge line on a road for up to 100m if the driver is— (a) turning at an intersection; or (b) entering or leaving the road; or (c) entering a part of the road of 1 kind from a part of the road of another kind (for example, moving to or from a service road, a shoulder of the road or an emergency stopping lane); or (d) stopping at the side of the road (including any shoulder of the road). (2) This section does not apply to the rider of a bicycle or animal. (3) For this section, a driver drives over a continuous white edge line on a road if— (a) for a line on the far left side of the road—the driver’s vehicle is wholly or partly to the left of the line; or (b) for a line on the far right side of the road—the driver’s vehicle is wholly or partly to the right of the line.

151 Riding motorbike or bicycle alongside more than 1 other rider (1) The rider of a motorbike or bicycle must not ride on a road that is not a multi-lane road alongside more than 1 other rider, unless subsection (3) applies to the rider.

(2) The rider of a motorbike or bicycle must not ride in a marked lane alongside more than 1 other rider in the marked lane, unless subsection (3) applies to the rider. (3) The rider of a motorbike or bicycle may ride alongside more than 1 other rider if the rider is— (a) overtaking the other riders; or (b) taking part in an event approved by the road transport authority for this subsection. (4) If the rider of a motorbike or bicycle is riding on a road that is not a multi-lane road alongside another rider, or in a marked lane alongside another rider in the marked lane, the rider must ride not over 1.5m from the other rider. road does not include a road related area, but includes a bicycle path, shared path and any shoulder of the road.

151A Motorbike lane filtering (1) The following sections do not apply to a motorbike rider who is lane filtering: (a) section 46 (Giving left change of direction signal); (b) section 48 (Giving right change of direction signal); (c) section 141 (No overtaking etc to left of vehicle); (d) section 146 (Driving within single marked lane or line of traffic); (e) section 147 (Moving from 1 marked lane to another marked lane across continuous line separating lanes).

(2) However, the exemption in subsection (1) applies only if— (a) the motorbike rider holds a full motorcycle licence; and (b) the motorbike is travelling at less than 30km/h; and (c) the vehicles adjacent to the motorbike are travelling at a speed less than the motorbike; and (ca) the motorbike is travelling on a road on which the speed limit is more than 40km/h; and (d) the motorbike is not in a school zone; and (e) the motorbike is not travelling past a parked vehicle; and (f) the motorbike is not travelling in a bicycle lane; and (fa) a no filtering sign does not apply to the length of road; and (g) it is safe for the motorbike rider to lane filter. Examples—where it would not be safe for a motorbike rider to lane filter 1 the rider is proceeding through a roundabout 2 the rider is riding kerbside 3 the rider is crossing a children’s crossing or pedestrian crossing 4 the rider lane filters between vehicles in a manner that does not seek to avoid collisions (including lane filtering between vehicles where there is insufficient clearance) 5 the lane filtering occurs past a bus or heavy vehicle (3) For subsection 151A (2) (fa), a no filtering sign on a road applies to a length of road starting at the sign and ending at the nearer of the (a) if the length of road ends at a T-intersection or dead end—the end of the length of road; (b) the next end no filtering sign that is on the road.

(4) The rider of a motorbike must not lane filter along a length of road to which a no lane filtering sign applies. end no filtering sign means a traffic sign— (a) with a symbol displaying a motorbike positioned between 2 vehicles with a black diagonal line across the symbol; and (b) with a symbol positioned below the symbol mentioned in paragraph (a) displaying the word ‘END’ in black letters. full licence—see the Road Transport (Driver Licensing) Regulation 2000, section 5 (2) (Basic kinds of driver licence). lane filtering, for a motorbike rider, means riding a motorbike between 2 marked lanes of traffic travelling in the same direction as the motorbike when there are vehicles adjacent to the motorbike in both marked lanes. motorcycle licence—see the Road Transport (Driver Licensing) no filtering sign means— (a) a traffic sign with a symbol displaying a motorbike positioned between 2 vehicles with a red diagonal line across the symbol; or (b) a traffic sign displaying the word ‘no filtering’.

Obeying overhead lane control devices applying to marked lanes Division 11.5 Division 11.5 Obeying overhead lane control devices applying to marked lanes

152 Complying with overhead lane control device (1) A driver in a marked lane to which an overhead lane control device applies must comply with this section. (2) If the device displays an illuminated red diagonal cross or is a traffic sign displaying a red diagonal cross, the driver must not drive in the marked lane past the device. (3) If the device displays a flashing illuminated red diagonal cross, the driver must leave the marked lane as soon as it is safe to do so. (4) If the device displays an illuminated white, green or yellow arrow pointing downwards or indicating 1 or more directions, the driver may drive in the marked lane past the device. Overhead lane control device applying to marked lanes

Division 11.6 Driving in marked lanes designated for special purposes

153 Bicycle lane (1) A driver (except the rider of a bicycle) must not drive in a bicycle lane, unless the driver is permitted to drive in the bicycle lane under this section or section 158 (Exceptions to driving in special purpose lane etc). (2) If stopping or parking is permitted at a place in a bicycle lane under this regulation, a driver may drive for up to 50m in the bicycle lane to stop or park at that place. (3) A driver may drive for up to 50m in a bicycle lane if the driver is— (a) driving a public bus, public minibus, taxi, rideshare vehicle or hire car; and (b) dropping off or picking up passengers. (4) In this regulation: bicycle lane means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane— (a) beginning at a bicycle lane sign applying to the lane, or a road marking comprising both a white bicycle symbol and the word lane painted in white; and (b) ending at the nearest of the following: (i) an end bicycle lane sign applying to the lane, or a road marking comprising both a white bicycle symbol and the words end lane painted in white; (ii) an intersection (unless the lane is at the unbroken side of the continuing road at a T-intersection or continued across the intersection by broken lines);

(iii) if the road ends at a dead end—the end of the road.

154 Bus lane (1) A driver (except the driver of a public bus) must not drive in a bus lane, unless the driver is permitted to drive in the bus lane under section 158 (Exceptions to driving in special purpose lane etc). bus lane means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane— (a) beginning at a bus lane sign (whether or not there is also a bus lane road marking) and ending at the nearest of the following: (i) an end bus lane sign; (ii) a traffic sign that indicates the beginning of another special purpose lane; or (b) beginning at a bus lane road marking (if there is no bus lane sign) and ending at the next intersection. bus lane road marking means a road marking consisting of— (a) the letters ‘BL’; or (b) the words ‘bus lane’; or (c) the words ‘bus only’.

155 Tram lane (1) A driver (except the driver of a tram, tram recovery vehicle or public bus) must not drive in a tram lane, unless the driver is permitted to drive in the tram lane under this section or section 158 (Exceptions to driving in special purpose lane etc). (2) A driver may drive in a tram lane if the driver is driving a truck and it is necessary for the driver to drive in the tram lane to reach a place to drop off or pick up passengers or goods. tram lane means a part of a road with tram tracks that— (a) is between a tram lane sign and an end tram lane sign; and (b) is marked along the left side of the tracks (when facing the direction of travel of a tram on the tracks) by a continuous yellow line parallel to the tracks. Tram lane

155A Tramway (1) A driver (except the driver of a tram, tram recovery vehicle or public bus) must not drive in a tramway, unless the driver is permitted to drive in the tramway under subsection (2). (2) A driver may drive in a tramway if— (a) it is necessary for the driver to drive in the tramway to avoid an (b) when driving in the tramway, the driver does not move into the path of an approaching tram or public bus travelling in the tramway. tramway means a part of a road with tram tracks that— (a) is between a tramway sign and an end tramway sign; and (b) is marked along the left side of the tracks (when facing the direction of travel of a tram on the tracks) by either— (i) 2 continuous yellow lines parallel to the tracks; or (ii) a structure (for example, a dividing strip, pedestrian refuge, traffic island, row of bollards or separation kerb), whether or not the structure is also being used to indicate a safety zone; but does include any part of the road where vehicles are permitted to cross the tramway.

(4) For subsection (3) (b) (i), a line is to be considered to be continuous despite any break in it that is designed to permit vehicles to cross the tramway. Tramway with double yellow line Tramway with separation kerb

156 Transit lane (1) A driver must not drive in a transit lane unless— (a) the driver is driving— (i) a public bus, public minibus, motorbike, taxi, hire car or tram; or (ii) if the transit lane sign applying to the transit lane is a transit lane (T2) sign—a vehicle carrying at least 1 other person; or (iii) if the transit lane sign applying to the transit lane is a transit lane (T3) sign—a vehicle carrying at least 2 other people; or (b) the driver is permitted to drive in the transit lane under section 158 (Exceptions to driving in special purpose lane etc). transit lane means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane— (a) beginning at a transit lane sign; and (b) ending at an end transit lane sign.

157 Truck lane (1) A driver (except the driver of a truck) must not drive in a truck lane, unless the driver is permitted to drive in the truck lane under section 158. truck lane means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane— (a) beginning at a truck lane sign; and

(b) ending at an end truck lane sign.

158 Exceptions to driving in special purpose lane etc (1) The driver of any vehicle may drive for up to the permitted distance in a bicycle lane, bus lane, tram lane, transit lane or truck lane if it is necessary for the driver to drive in the lane— (b) to enter a part of the road of 1 kind from a part of the road of another kind (for example, moving to or from a service road, the shoulder of the road or an emergency stopping lane); or (c) to overtake a vehicle that is turning right, or making a U-turn from the centre of the road, and is giving a right change of direction signal; or (d) to enter a marked lane, or part of the road where there is room for a line of traffic (other than motorbikes, bicycles, motorised wheelchairs or animals), from the side of the road. (2) The driver of any vehicle may drive in a bicycle lane, bus lane, tram lane, transit lane or truck lane if— (a) it is necessary for the driver to drive in the lane to avoid an obstruction; or (b) information on or with a traffic sign applying to the lane indicates that the driver may drive in the lane. (2A) The driver of any of the following vehicles may drive in a bus lane: (a) a taxi; (b) a hire car; (c) a demand responsive service vehicle; (d) a motorbike.

(3) It is a defence to the prosecution of a driver for an offence against a provision of this division for driving in a bicycle lane, bus lane, tram lane, transit lane or truck lane if— (a) it is necessary for the driver to drive in the lane to stop at a place in the lane; and (b) the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation, or it is a defence under section 165 (Stopping in emergency etc or to comply with another provision) for the driver to stop at that place; and (c) if the lane is a bicycle lane—the driver drives in the lane for no more than the permitted distance. permitted distance means— (a) for a bicycle lane or tram lane—50m; or (b) for any other lane—100m.

159 Marked lane required to be used by particular kind of vehicle (1) If information on or with a traffic sign applying to a length of road indicates that a vehicle of a particular kind must drive in a particular marked lane, a driver driving a vehicle of that kind on the length of road must drive in the indicated lane, unless the driver is— (a) avoiding an obstruction; or (b) obeying a traffic control device applying to the indicated lane; or (c) permitted to drive in the indicated lane and also another marked lane under another provision of this regulation; or

(d) intending to turn off the road or to make a U-turn, and in order to do so safely without disrupting other vehicles on the road it is necessary to position the vehicle in another lane before starting the turn, or to make the turn. (2) A traffic sign mentioned in this section that is on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearest of the (a) a traffic sign or road marking on the road that indicates that the first traffic sign no longer applies; (b) the next intersection on the road; Examples—traffic sign mentioned in the section and a traffic sign indicating that the first traffic sign no longer applies Trucks use left lane sign End trucks use left lane sign

Passing trams and safety zones Division 11.7

160 Passing or overtaking tram that is not at or near left side of road (1) This section applies to a driver driving on a road with tram tracks that are not at or near the far left side of the road. (2) The driver must not drive past, or overtake, a tram to the right of the tram, unless the driver is permitted to do so by a traffic sign or road marking. (3) The driver must not drive past, or overtake, a tram if the tram is turning left or is giving a left change of direction signal, unless the driver is turning left and there is no danger of a collision with the tram.

161 Passing or overtaking tram at or near left side of road (1) This section applies to a driver driving on a road with tram tracks at or near the far left side of the road. (2) The driver must not drive past, or overtake, a tram to the left of the tram unless the driver is turning left and there is no danger of a collision with the tram. (3) The driver must not drive past, or overtake, a tram if the tram is turning right or is giving a right change of direction signal.

162 Driving past safety zone (1) A driver driving past a safety zone— (a) must not drive on the safety zone; and (b) must drive to the left of the safety zone at a speed that does not put at risk the safety of any pedestrian crossing the road to or from the safety zone. safety zone means an area of a road— (a) at a place with safety zone signs at or near a tram stop; and (b) indicated by a structure on the road (for example, a dividing strip, pedestrian refuge or traffic island).

163 Driving past rear of stopped tram at tram stop (a) the driver is driving behind the rear of a tram travelling in the same direction as the driver; and (b) the tram stops at a tram stop, except at the far left side of the (2) The driver must stop before passing the rear of the tram.

Passing trams and safety zones Division 11.7 (3) After stopping in accordance with subsection (2), the driver must not proceed if— (4) After stopping in accordance with subsection (2), if the tram remains at the tram stop and subsection (3) does not apply, the driver must not proceed past the tram at a speed greater than 10km/h. (5) However, subsections (2) to (4) do not apply if the driver is directed to drive past the tram by an authorised person or police officer.

164 Stopping beside stopped tram at tram stop (a) the driver is driving alongside, or overtaking, a tram travelling in the same direction as the driver; and (b) the tram stops at a tram stop, except at the far left side of the (2) The driver must stop. (3) After stopping in accordance with subsection (2), the driver must not proceed if—

(4) After stopping in accordance with subsection (2), if the tram remains at the tram stop and subsection (3) does not apply, the driver must not proceed past the tram at a speed greater than 10km/h. (5) However, subsections (2) to (4) do not apply if the driver is directed to drive past the tram by an authorised person or police officer.

164A Staying stopped if tram comes from behind stopped driver and stops (a) the driver is stopped beside a tram stop; and (b) a tram stops at the tram stop, except at the far left side of the (2) The driver must not proceed if— (3) If the tram remains at the tram stop and subsection (2) does not apply, the driver must not proceed past the tram at a speed greater than 10km/h.

Motor vehicles passing bicycle riders Division 11.8 (4) However, subsections (2) and (3) do not apply if the driver is directed to proceed past the tram by an authorised person or police officer.

164B Keeping safe lateral distance when passing bicycle rider (1) The driver of a motor vehicle passing the rider of a bicycle that is travelling in the same direction as the driver must pass the bicycle at a sufficient distance from— (a) the bicycle; or (b) if the rider is riding alongside another rider—the bicycle furthest to the right. (2) This section does not apply to a driver of a light rail vehicle. (3) For this section— (a) a driver passes a bicycle at a sufficient distance from the bicycle if the driver passes at a lateral distance from the bicycle of— (i) if the applicable speed limit at the point the driver passes the bicycle is not more than 60km/h—at least 1m; or (ii) if the applicable speed limit at the point the driver passes the bicycle is more than 60km/h—at least 1.5m; and (b) the lateral distance between a motor vehicle passing a bicycle and the bicycle is the distance between— (i) the most distant point to the left— (A) on the driver’s vehicle; or

(B) on any projection from the vehicle (whether or not attached to the vehicle); and (ii) the most distant point to the right— (A) on the bicycle (or any part of the bicycle); or (B) on the rider of the bicycle; or (C) on any bicycle trailer towed by the bicycle; or (D) on any passenger in or on any bicycle trailer. Examples—part of a bicycle basket, pannier bags Example—not part of a bicycle a flag or stick, whether or not flexible, attached to the bicycle, that projects sideways from the bicycle

164C Exceptions—passing bicycle rider (1) The driver of a motor vehicle passing the rider of a bicycle that is travelling in the same direction as the driver may make a permitted manoeuvre to pass the rider if— (b) the permitted manoeuvre is necessary to comply with section 164B; and permitted manoeuvre means— (a) if the driver is driving on a two-way road without a dividing line or median strip—drive to the right of the centre of the road; or (b) if the driver is driving on a road with a dividing line—drive to the right of the dividing line; or (c) drive on a dividing strip that is at the same level as the road; or

Motor vehicles passing bicycle riders Division 11.8 (d) drive on or over a single continuous line; or (e) drive on or over 2 parallel lines; or (f) drive along a side, or surrounding, of a painted island.

Part 12 Restrictions on stopping and parking

165 Stopping in emergency etc or to comply with another provision It is a defence to the prosecution of a driver for an offence against a provision of this part if— (a) the driver stops at a particular place, or in a particular way, to avoid a collision, and the driver stops for no longer than is necessary to avoid the collision; or (b) the driver stops at a particular place, or in a particular way, because the driver’s vehicle is disabled, and the driver stops for no longer than is necessary for the vehicle to be moved safely to a place where the driver is permitted to park the vehicle under this regulation; or (c) the driver stops at a particular place, or in a particular way, to deal with a medical or other emergency, or to assist a disabled vehicle, and the driver stops for no longer than is necessary in (d) the driver stops at a particular place, or in a particular way, because the condition of the driver, a passenger, or the driver’s vehicle makes it necessary for the driver to stop in the interests of safety, and the driver stops for no longer than is necessary in

No stopping and no parking signs and road markings Division 12.2 (e) the driver stops at a particular place, or in a particular way, to comply with another provision of this regulation, and the driver stops for no longer than is necessary to comply with the other provision. Example—par (e) If a driver stops at an intersection at a stop line, stop sign, or traffic lights, or to give way to a vehicle, in accordance with this regulation, the driver does not contravene s 170.

166 Application—pt 12—bicycles This part (other than division 12.12A (Signs attached to vehicles parked in designated place)) does not apply to a bicycle that is parked at a bicycle rail or in a bicycle rack.

Division 12.2 No stopping and no parking signs and road markings

167 No stopping sign A driver must not stop on a length of road or in an area to which a no stopping sign applies.

168 No parking sign (1) The driver of a vehicle must not stop on a length of road or in an area to which a no parking sign applies, unless the driver— (a) is dropping off or picking up passengers or goods; and (b) does not leave the vehicle unattended; and (c) completes the dropping off or picking up of the passengers or goods, and drives on, as soon as possible and, in any case, within the required time after stopping.

(2) For this section, a driver leaves a vehicle unattended if the driver leaves the vehicle so the driver is over 3m from the closest point of required time means— (a) if information on or with the sign indicates a time—the indicated time; or (b) if there is no indicated time—2 minutes; or (c) if there is no indicated time, or the indicated time is less than 5 minutes, and section 206 (Time extension for people with disabilities) applies to the driver—5 minutes.

169 No stopping on road with yellow edge line A driver must not stop at the side of a road marked with a continuous yellow edge line. Division 12.3 Stopping at intersections and crossings

170 Stopping in or near intersection (1) A driver must not stop in an intersection unless— (a) the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation; or (b) the intersection is a T-intersection without traffic lights and the driver stops along the continuous side of the continuing road at the intersection.

(2) A driver must not stop on a road within 20m from the nearest point of an intersecting road at an intersection with traffic lights, unless the driver stops at a place on a length of road, or in an area, to which a parking control sign applies and the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation. (3) A driver must not stop on a road within 10m from the nearest point of an intersecting road at an intersection without traffic lights, unless the driver stops— (a) at a place on a length of road, or in an area, to which a parking control sign applies and the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation; or (b) if the intersection is a T-intersection—along the continuous side of the continuing road at the intersection. (4) For this section, distances are measured in the direction in which the driver is driving, and— (a) for subsection (2)—as shown in example 1; or (b) for subsection (3)—as shown in example 2.

Measurement of distance—intersection with traffic lights Measurement of distance—T-intersection without traffic lights

171 Stopping on or near children’s crossing (1) A driver must not stop on a children’s crossing, or on the road within 20m before the crossing and 10m after the crossing, unless the driver stops at a place on a length of road, or in an area, to which a parking control sign applies and the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation. (b) as shown in example 1 or 2. Measurement of distance—children’s crossing with red and white posts

Measurement of distance—children’s crossing with 2 parallel continuous or broken lines

172 Stopping on or near pedestrian crossing (except at (1) A driver must not stop on a pedestrian crossing that is not at an intersection, or on the road within 20m before the crossing and 10m after the crossing, unless the driver stops at a place on a length of road, or in an area, to which a parking control sign applies and the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation.

Measurement of distance—pedestrian crossing

173 Stopping on or near marked foot crossing (except at (1) A driver must not stop on a marked foot crossing that is not at an intersection, or on the road within 10m before the traffic lights pole nearest to the driver at the crossing and 3m after the crossing, unless the driver stops at a place on a length of road, or in an area, to which a parking control sign applies and the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation.

Measurement of distance—marked foot crossing

174 Stopping at or near bicycle crossing lights (except at (1) This section applies to a place on a road— (a) with bicycle crossing lights facing bicycle riders crossing the (b) with traffic lights facing traffic travelling on the road; and (c) that is not at an intersection. (2) A driver must not stop within 10m before the traffic lights nearest to the driver at the place, and 3m after the traffic lights, unless the driver stops at a place on a length of road, or in an area, to which a parking control sign applies and the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation. (3) For this section, distances are measured—

Measurement of distance—bicycle crossing lights

175 Stopping on or near level crossing (1) A driver must not stop on a level crossing, or on a road within 20m before the nearest rail or track to the driver approaching the crossing and 20m after the nearest rail or track to the driver leaving the crossing, unless the driver stops at a place on a length of road, or in an area, to which a parking control sign applies and the driver is permitted to stop at that place under this regulation. (2) For this section, distances are measured as shown in the example.

Division 12.4 Stopping on clearways and freeways and in emergency stopping lanes Measurement of distance—level crossing Division 12.4 Stopping on clearways and freeways and in emergency stopping lanes 176 Stopping on clearway (1) A driver must not stop on a length of road (other than a road related area) to which a clearway sign applies, unless the driver is— (a) driving a public bus, public minibus, taxi, rideshare vehicle or hire car; and (b) dropping off or picking up passengers. (2) A clearway sign applies, for the days or times indicated on the sign, to a length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearest of the following: (a) a clearway sign on the road that indicates different days or times; (b) an end clearway sign on the road; (c) the end of the road.

177 Stopping on freeway (1) A driver must not stop on a freeway unless the driver stops in an emergency stopping lane. freeway means a length of road to which a freeway sign applies. (3) A freeway sign on a road applies to a length of road beginning at the sign (including any road into which the length of road merges) and ending at the next end freeway sign on the road.

178 Stopping in emergency stopping lane A driver (except the rider of a bicycle) must not stop in an emergency stopping lane unless— (a) the condition of the driver, a passenger or the driver’s vehicle, or any other factor, makes it necessary or desirable for the driver to stop in the emergency stopping lane in the interests of safety; and (b) the driver stops for no longer than is necessary in the circumstances. Division 12.5 Stopping in zones for particular