—Preliminary
Chapter 1—Introductory
Part 1.1—Preliminary
1 Name
This instrument is the Future Made in Australia (Guarantee of Origin) Methodology Determination 2025.
2 Commencement
(1) Each provision of this instrument specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse"><thead><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:407.5pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TableHeading"><span>Commencement information</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:95.65pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TableHeading"><span>Column 1</span></p></td><td style="width:209pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TableHeading"><span>Column 2</span></p></td><td style="width:81.45pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TableHeading"><span>Column 3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:95.65pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TableHeading"><span>Provisions</span></p></td><td style="width:209pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TableHeading"><span>Commencement</span></p></td><td style="width:81.45pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TableHeading"><span>Date/Details</span></p></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="width:95.65pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext"><span>1.</span><span> </span><span>The whole of this instrument</span></p></td><td style="width:209pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext"><span>The later of:</span></p><p class="Tabletext"><span>(a) the start of the day after this instrument is registered; and</span></p><p class="Tabletext"><span>(b) immediately after the commencement of the </span><span style="font-style:italic">Future Made in Australia (Guarantee of Origin) Act 2024</span><span>.</span></p></td><td style="width:81.45pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.35pt; padding-left:5.35pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext"><span style="font-style:italic"></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this instrument as originally made. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this instrument.
(2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this instrument. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this instrument.
3 Authority
This instrument is made under section 29 of the Future Made in Australia (Guarantee of Origin) Act 2024.
4 Definitions
Note: A number of expressions used in this instrument are defined in the Act, including the following:
delivery gate;
delivery module;
delivery profile;
functional unit;
greenhouse gas;
holder;
large-scale generation certificate;
PGO certificate;
production gate;
production profile;
REGO certificate;
rules.
In this instrument:
Act means the Future Made in Australia (Guarantee of Origin) Act 2024.
batch period, for a batch of a product, means the period from the time when production of the batch commenced until the time the last part of the batch left the production gate for the product.
carbon dioxide equivalence has the same meaning as in the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007.
CHP plant (short for combined heat and power plant) means a power plant that generates:
(a) electricity; and
(b) heat, cooling or both heat and cooling.
CHP Tool is the document titled Allocation of GHG Emissions from a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant Guide to calculation worksheets (September 2006) v1.0 issued by the World Resource Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
Note: The Allocation of GHG Emissions from a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant Guide to calculation worksheets (September 2006) v1.0 could in 2025 be viewed on the Greenhouse Gas Protocol’s website (https://www.ghgprotocol.org).
CO2-e: see carbon dioxide equivalence.
co-product reduction in emissions intensity: see section 8.
dedicated pipeline, for the transport of a product, means a pipeline that only transports that product.
delivered emissions intensity: see section 6.
electrolysis production module: see subsection 25(2).
electrolysis production pathway: see subsection 25(1).
emissions means greenhouse gas emissions.
end of the delivery module, for a delivery module, is the point at which the delivery module has been completed.
final delivery module, for a batch of a product, means the delivery module immediately prior to the delivery gate for the product.
gas conditioning production module: see subsection 26(2).
gaseous fuel has the same meaning as in the NGER Measurement Determination.
input includes electricity, water, steam, fuel and synthetic gas.
input supplier means:
(a) in relation to a production pathway–a person who:
(i) supplies an input for use in the production pathway for a product; and
(ii) is not the holder of the production profile for that product;
(b) in relation to a delivery module—a person who:
(i) supplies an input for use in the delivery module for a product; and
(ii) is not the holder of the delivery profile for the delivery module for the product.
interim delivery module, for a batch of a product, means a delivery module that is not a final delivery module for the product.
intermediate storage tank production module: see subsection 26(1).
liquid fuel has the same meaning as in the NGER Measurement Determination.
NGER Measurement Determination means the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008.
parameter includes:
(a) an input or output for a production pathway; and
(b) an input or output for a delivery module; and
(c) a factor.
petroleum based greases has the same meaning as in the NGER Measurement Determination.
petroleum based oils has the same meaning as in Part 2.4 of the NGER Measurement Determination.
pipeline delivery module: see paragraph 34(1)(a).
post-production emissions intensity: see section 7.
production emissions intensity: see section 9.
solid fuel has the same meaning as in the NGER Measurement Determination.
stationary energy purposes has the same meaning as in subsection 2.20(2) of the NGER Measurement Determination.
storage vessel delivery module: see paragraph 34(1)(c).
transport energy purposes has the same meaning as in subsection 2.20(2) of the NGER Measurement Determination.
vehicle delivery module: see paragraph 34(1)(b).
5 Meaning of production emissions intensity
The production emissions intensity, for a batch of a product specified in column 2 of an item in the table below, is the emissions intensity of the batch worked out in accordance with the section specified in column 3 for that item.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Item | Production pathway | Relevant section |
| 1 | Hydrogen | Section 30 |
6 Meaning of delivered emissions intensity
The delivered emissions intensity, for the transported quantity of a batch of a product specified in column 2 of an item in the table below, is the emissions intensity worked out in accordance with the section specified in column 3 for that item.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Item | Production pathway | Relevant section |
| 1 | Hydrogen | Section 31 |
7 Meaning of post-production emissions intensity
The post-production emissions intensity, for the transported quantity of a batch of a product specified in column 2 of an item in the table below, is the emissions intensity worked out in accordance with the section specified in column 3 for that item.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Item | Production pathway | Relevant section |
| 1 | Hydrogen | Section 32 |
8 Meaning of co-product reduction in emissions intensity and co-product
(1) The co-product reduction in emissions intensity, for a batch of a product produced in accordance with the production pathway specified in column 4 of an item in the table below, is the emissions intensity worked out in accordance with the section specified in column 5 for that item. (2) The product specified in column 3 of an item in the table below is a co-product for the product specified in column 2 of that item if produced in accordance with the production pathway in column 4 of that item.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | Column 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | Product | Co-product | Production pathway | Relevant section |
| 1 | Hydrogen | Oxygen | Electrolysis production pathway | Section 33 |
Part 1.2—Methodology parameters and requirements
9 Monitoring and measuring requirements—general
If this instrument requires that a parameter be monitored or measured in accordance with this section: (a) the parameter must be monitored or measured: (i) in a manner consistent with the NGER Measurement Determination; or (ii) if the parameter cannot be monitored or measured in accordance with subparagraph (i) – in accordance with the National Measurement Act 1960; or (iii) in any other case—in accordance with standard industry practice; and (b) the equipment used to monitor or measure the parameter must be calibrated: (i) in a manner consistent with the NGER Measurement Determination; or (ii) if the equipment cannot be calibrated in accordance with subparagraph (i)—by an accredited technician at intervals, and using methods, that are in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
10 Incorporated material
(1) This section applies if a provision of this instrument applies, adopts or incorporates, with or without modification, any matter contained in an instrument or other writing (the incorporated material) in respect of a batch of a product. (2) Unless otherwise specified in this instrument, the incorporated material is applied, adopted or incorporated as in force or existing at the start of the batch period.
Note: Example: For the formula in subsection 15(5), the parameter EFelec,scope 2 is determined in accordance with the NGER Measurement Determination as in force at the start of the relevant batch period.
(3) If the incorporated material is inconsistent with a provision of this instrument, that provision prevails to the extent of the inconsistency unless otherwise specified in this instrument.
11 Scope 1 emission factors
Determining the scope 1 emission factor (1) For the parameter EFij, the scope 1 emission factor for carbon dioxide, methane or nitrous oxide released from the combustion of a fuel in the circumstances specified in an item in column 2 of the table below is determined in accordance with the provision of the NGER Measurement Determination specified in column 3 for that item.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Item | Circumstances | Provision of the NGER Measurement Determination |
| 1 | Combustion of solid fuels. | Part 1 of Schedule 1 |
| 2 | Combustion of gaseous fuels for stationary energy purposes. | Part 2 of Schedule 1 |
| 3 | Combustion of petroleum based oils or petroleum based greases for stationary energy purposes. | Part 3 of Schedule 1 |
| 4 | Combustion of liquid fuels, other than petroleum based oils and petroleum based greases, for stationary energy purposes. | Part 3 of Schedule 1 |
| 5 | Combustion of gaseous or liquid fuels for transport energy purposes. | Division 4.1 of Part 4 of Schedule 1 |
| 6 | Combustion of liquid fuels by vehicles manufactured after 2004. | Division 4.2 of Part 4 of Schedule 1 |
| 7 | Combustion of liquid fuels by trucks that meet the design standards mentioned in column 3 of the table in Division 4.3 of Part 4 of Schedule 1 of the NGER Measurement Determination. | Division 4.3 of Part 4 of Schedule 1 |
Missing scope 1 emission factors (2) Subsection (3) applies if: (a) a calculation in this instrument includes the parameter EFij for a feedstock or fuel type (the relevant feedstock or fuel); and (b) the emission factor for a greenhouse gas type released from the use of the relevant feedstock or fuel cannot be determined in accordance with subsection (1).
Note: Example: The calculation in subsection 16(2) includes the parameter EFij. The fuel type use to produce the batch is acetylene gas, a gaseous fuel used for a stationary energy purpose. When this instrument commenced, the table in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER Measurement Determination did not contain an emission factor for acetylene gas.
(3) The emission factor for the relevant feedstock or fuel which may be used for the purposes of the parameter EFij in the calculation is the scope 1 emission factor determined in accordance with subsection (1) for a feedstock or fuel type with: (a) the same state of matter as the relevant feedstock or fuel; and (b) if the relevant feedstock or fuel does not have biogenic carbon content—no biogenic carbon content; and (c) the closest comparable carbon content to the relevant feedstock or fuel; and (d) if more than one feedstock or fuel type satisfies paragraphs (a) to (c) for the relevant feedstock or fuel—the closest comparable energy content factor to the relevant feedstock or fuel.
Note: Example: The relevant fuel is acetylene gas combusted for stationary energy purposes. When this instrument commenced, the table in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER Measurement Determination (the Table) did not contain an emission factor for acetylene gas. Acetylene gas has zero biogenic carbon content. All the gaseous fuels in the Table similarly have no biogenic carbon content. Acetylene gas has a carbon content of 1.016 × 10-3 tC/m3. The fuel or feedstock with the closest comparable carbon content in the Table is ethane, which has a carbon content of 0.97 × 10-3 tC/m3. There is only one fuel in the Table which satisfies paragraphs (a) to (c) for acetylene gas, which means paragraph (d) does not apply. The scope 1 emission factor for ethane can therefore be used for the purposes of the parameter in the calculation.
Note: Schedule 3 to the NGER Measurement Determination sets out the carbon content for certain fuels and feedstocks.
(4) For paragraph (3)(d), the energy content factor for the feedstock or fuel is worked out in accordance with section 13. (5) In this section:
biogenic carbon means carbon derived from plants or animals, but does not include peat or fossil carbon embedded in the earth.
12 Scope 3 emission factors
Determining the scope 3 emission factor (1) For paragraph (b) of the parameter EF scope 3,i, the scope 3 emission factor for the consumption of a fuel type (i), in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule of fuel type (i), is: (a) for the consumption of solid fuels—the emission factor in column 3 of the table in Part 4 of Schedule 1 for the relevant fuel type; (b) for the consumption of liquid fuels—the emission factor in column 3 of the table in Part 5 of Schedule 1 for the relevant fuel type; (c) for the consumption of gaseous fuels for transport energy purposes—the emission factor in column 3 of the table in Part 6 of Schedule 1 for the relevant fuel type; (d) for the consumption of natural gas in an area connected to a natural gas distribution pipeline for stationary energy purposes—the emission factor in column 3 of the table in Part 7 of Schedule 1 for the State or Territory where the consumption occurs; (e) for the consumption of natural gas in an area connected to a natural gas transmission pipeline for stationary energy purposes—the emission factor specified in column 4 of the table in Part 7 of Schedule 1 for the State or Territory where the consumption occurs. Missing scope 3 emission factors (2) Subsection (3) applies if: (a) a calculation in this instrument includes the parameter EF scope 3,i for a feedstock or fuel type (the relevant feedstock or fuel); and (b) the emission factor for the relevant feedstock or fuel cannot be determined in accordance with subsection (1).
Note: Example: The calculation in subsection 16(1) includes the parameter EFscope 3,i which, for paragraph (b) of the parameter, is the scope 3 emission factor for the fuel type used for the production pathway for the batch (b)). The fuel used is E10 fuel which contains ethanol (C2H5OH). The table in Part 7 of Schedule 1 does not include an emission factor for E10 fuel.
(3) The emission factor for the relevant feedstock or fuel which may be used for the purposes of the parameter EF scope 3,i in the calculation is: (a) if the relevant feedstock or fuel is provided by an input supplier and the input supplier provides an emission factor for the feedstock or fuel—the factor provided; or (b) in any other case—the scope 3 emission factor determined in accordance with subsection (1) for a feedstock or fuel with: (i) the same state of matter as the relevant feedstock or fuel; and (ii) either: (A) if the relevant feedstock or fuel has an energy content—the closest comparable energy content factor to the relevant feedstock or fuel; or (B) in any other case—the closest comparable carbon content to the relevant feedstock or fuel.
Note: Example: The relevant feedstock or fuel is ethanol. Ethanol is a liquid fuel. Pursuant to subsection 12(1), liquid fuels are determined in accordance with the table in Part 5 of Schedule 1. The liquid fuel in that table with the closest comparable energy content is liquefied petroleum gas, which has an energy content of 25.7 GJ/kL. The scope 3 emission factor for liquefied petroleum gas can therefore be used for the purposes of the parameter in the calculation.
Note: Schedule 3 to the NGER Measurement Determination sets out the carbon content for certain fuels and feedstocks.
(4) For sub-subparagraph (3)(b)(ii)(A), the energy content factor for the feedstock or fuel is worked out in accordance with section 13.
13 Energy content factor
(1) For the parameter ECi, the energy content factor for a fuel type (i) measured in the manner specified in the description in an item in column 2 of the following table is determined in accordance with column 3 for that item.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Item | Fuel type and unit of measurement | Energy content factor |
| 1 | Solid fuels measured in tonnes. | The energy content factor, in gigajoules per tonne, is either:(a) as mentioned in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the NGER Measurement Determination; or(b) estimated by analysis in accordance with the standard indicated for that energy content factor in Schedule 2 to the NGER Measurement Determination or an equivalent standard. |
| 2 | Gaseous fuels measured in cubic metres. | The energy content factor, in gigajoules per cubic metre, is either:(a) as mentioned in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER Measurement Determination; or(b) subject to subsection 13(2), estimated by analysis under Subdivision 2.3.3.2 of the NGER Measurement Determination. |
| 3 | Gaseous fuels measured in gigajoules. | The energy content factor is 1. |
| 4 | Liquid fuels measured in kilolitres. | The energy content factor, in gigajoules per kilolitre, is:(a) for stationary energy purposes—as mentioned in Part 3 of Schedule 1 to the NGER Measurement Determination; or(b) for transport energy purposes—as mentioned in Division 4.1 of Schedule 1 to the NGER Measurement Determination; or(c) estimated by analysis under Subdivision 2.4.3.2 of the NGER Measurement Determination. |
| 5 | Sulphur measured in tonnes. | The energy content factor for sulphur mentioned in Part 7 of Schedule 1 to the NGER Measurement Determination, in gigajoules per tonne. |
Application of Subdivision 2.3.3.2 of the NGER Measurement Determination (2) When estimating the energy content by analysis under Subdivision 2.3.3.2 of the NGER Measurement Determination for the purposes of paragraph (b) of column 3 of item 2 of the table above: (a) item 2 of the table in section 2.25 of the NGER Measurement Determination does not apply; and (b) all gaseous fuels (including fugitive emissions) other than pipeline quality gases must be analysed at least monthly.
14 Incomplete data set for the parameter ‘y’ (year)
(1) This section applies if the holder of the delivery profile does not have the data required for the period specified by the parameter y (year) for the purposes of the calculations in the following provisions: (a) subsection 20(2); (b) subsection 22(4); (c) subsection 22(5); (d) subsection 38(3); (e) subsection 38(4). (2) For the purposes of the calculation, the period specified by the parameter y (year) is the period that: (a) includes the entire period for which the holder of the delivery profile has the data required for the period specified by the parameter y (year) for the purposes of the calculation; and
Note: Example: The parameter Qstore,y in the calculation in subsection 22(4) requires the quantity of all products stored in the storage vessel for the duration of the financial year immediately prior to the financial year in which the batch period started. If the holder of the delivery profile does not have the data for that entire period, subsection (2)(a) provides that the period specified by the parameter y (year) includes the entire period for which the holder has that data.
(b) starts on the day which is at least one month, but not more than 12 months, before the start of the batch period; and
(c) ends on the day before the start of the batch period.
Note: Example 1: The delivery module commenced operation on 15 March 2026. The batch period commenced on 18 September 2026. The holder of the delivery profile has the data required for entire period of operation. Year (y) is the period beginning on 15 March 2026 and ending on 17 September 2026.
Note: Example 2: The delivery module commenced operation on 15 August 2025. The batch period commenced on 18 September 2026. The holder of the delivery profile has the data required for entire period of operation. The delivery module has been in operation for more than 12 months but has not been in operation for the full financial year immediately prior to the financial year in which the batch period started. Year (y) is the period beginning on 17 September 2025 and ending on 17 September 2026.