Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (LED Lamps) Determination 2025

Part 1—Preliminary

1 Name

This instrument is the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (LED Lamps) Determination 2025.

2 Commencement

(1) Each provision of this instrument specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.

(2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this instrument. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this instrument.

(3) To avoid doubt, for the purposes of paragraph 34(b) of the Act, this instrument comes into force on the day specified by column 2 of the table.

3 Authority

This instrument is made under section 23 of the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Act 2012.

4 Definitions—standards and other instruments referred to in this instrument

(1) In this instrument:

AS/NZS 5341 means Australian/New Zealand Standard 5341:2021 – LED lamps – Test methods – Energy and functional performance.

AS/NZS 62471 means Australian/New Zealand Standard 62471:2011 – Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems.

CIE S 025 means CIE S 025/E:2015 – Test Method for LED Lamps, LED Luminaires and LED Modules, published by the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE).

Civil Aviation Safety Regulations means the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.

Defence Aviation Safety Authority Regulation (DASR) 139 – Aerodromes means the Defence Aviation Safety Regulation (DASR) 139 – Aerodromes, published by the Australian Government Defence Aviation Safety Authority (DASA).

Defence Aviation Safety Design Requirements Manual means the Defence Aviation Safety Design Requirements Manual, published by the Australian Government Defence Aviation Safety Authority (DASA).

IEC 62776 means International Electrotechnical Commission Standard IEC 62776:2014 Double-capped LED lamps designed to retrofit linear fluorescent lamps – Safety specifications.

IEC 62931 means International Electrotechnical Commission Standard IEC 62931:2017 GX16t-5 capped tubular LED lamp – Safety specifications.

IEC TR 61547-1 means International Electrotechnical Commission Standard IEC TR 61547-1:2020 – Equipment for general lighting purposes – EMC immunity requirements – Part 1: An objective light flickermeter and voltage fluctuation immunity test method.

IEC TR 62778 means International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Report 62778:2014 Application of IEC 62471 for the assessment of blue light hazard to light sources and luminaires.

IEC TR 63158 means International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Report 63158:2018 Equipment for general lighting purposes – Objective test method for stroboscopic effects of lighting equipment.

IEV-845 means IEC 60050-845:2020 Ed.2, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 845: Lighting, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

ILV means the International Lighting Vocabulary (ILV), 2nd Edition, published by Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE).

Part 139 (Aerodromes) Manual of Standards means Part 139 (Aerodromes) Manual of Standards 2019, made under regulation 139.005 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations.

Note: At the time this instrument commences, the texts of instruments mentioned in this section were available as follows:

● AS and AS/NZS standards—at www.standards.org.au;

● CIE standards—from the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (International Commission on Illumination) at www.cie.co.at;

● IEC standards—from the International Electrotechnical Commission at https://webstore.iec.ch/;

● DASA instruments—at https://dasa.defence.gov.au;

● Commonwealth regulations and instruments made under them—at www.legislation.gov.au.

(2) Each reference to a document in subsection (1) is taken to be a reference to that document as in force or existing on the day this instrument commences.

5 Definitions—other expressions used in this instrument

Note 1: A number of expressions used in this instrument are defined in section 5 of the Act, including the following:

● category A product;

● covered by;

● family of models;

● GEMS;

● GEMS labelling requirements;

● GEMS level requirements;

● model;

● product classes.

Note 2: Many of the following definitions are based on ILV (the International Lighting Vocabulary) or IEV-845 (the part of the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary that deals with lighting). Where the definition of an expression below differs from the ILV or IEV definition, the definition in this instrument takes precedence.

(1) In this instrument:

Act means the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Act 2012.

average luminance, in relation to an LED lamp, means the average luminance over a light-emitting area where the luminance is more than 50% of the peak luminance (cd/mm2).

beam angle of a directional LED lamp:

(a) means the angle between 2 imaginary lines in a plane through the optical beam axis, such that these lines pass through the centre of the front face of the LED lamp and through points at which the luminous intensity is 50% of the centre beam intensity; and

(b) for LED lamps that have different beam angles in different planes—refers to the largest beam angle; and

(c) for LED lamps with a user-controllable beam angle—refers to the beam angle as measured in the reference control settings.

Note: The beam angle is a full angle measure, not a half angle measure, and is expressed in degrees (°).

cap means that part of a lamp which provides a connection to the power supply by means of a lamp-holder or lamp connector and, in most cases, also serves to retain the lamp in the lamp-holder.

Note 1: The standard code for identifying cap types can be found in IEC 60061.1: Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety – Part 1: Lamp caps.

Note 2: The term ‘base’ is equivalent to ‘cap’. The term ‘cap’ is used in this instrument.

CCT: see correlated colour temperature.

centre beam intensity means the value of luminous intensity measured on the optical beam axis.

chromaticity means the property of a colour stimulus defined by:

(a) its chromaticity coordinates (u′ and v′), or (x and y); or

(b) its dominant or complementary wavelength and purity taken together.

CLL: see connected LED lamp.

colour consistency means the maximum deviation of the initial, spatially averaged chromaticity coordinates (x and y), or (u′ and v′), of an LED lamp from the rated chromaticity centre point (cx and cy) or (cu′ and cv′), expressed as the step size of:

(a) the MacAdam ellipse formed around the rated chromaticity centre point (cx and cy); or

(b) the ∆u′v′ circle formed around the rated chromaticity centre point (cu′ and cv′).

colour rendering index or CRI means the measure of the degree to which the psychophysical colour of an object illuminated by the test illuminant conforms to that of the same object illuminated by the reference illuminant, suitable allowance having been made for the state of chromatic adaptation.

colour-tuneable LED lamp means an LED lamp that can be set to emit light with a large variety of colours outside the range defined in paragraph 10(4)(a), but can also be set to emit white light within that range.

Note: The following kinds of lamps are not considered colour-tuneable:

(a) tuneable-white LED lamps that can only be set to emit light with different correlated colour temperatures within the range defined in paragraph 10(4)(a);

(b) dim-to-warm LED lamps that shift their white light output to a lower correlated colour temperature when dimmed, simulating the behaviour of incandescent lamps.

connected LED lamp or CLL means an LED lamp in which the data-connection parts that are necessary to maintain the reference control settings are physically or functionally inseparable from the light-emitting parts.

Note: This includes an LED lamp for which the data-connection parts, while physically separate, are marketed with the lamp as a single product.

control gear, in relation to an LED lamp, means a unit that:

(a) includes a control unit; and

(b) is inserted between the power supply and the lamp; and

(c) supplies the lamp with its rated voltage or rated current; and

(d) may consist of one or more separate components; and

(e) may include a power supply converter.

Note 1: The control gear may be partly or totally integrated in the LED lamp.

Note 2: Control gear is commonly referred to as ‘controlgear’ in IEC standards.

connected control gear, in relation to an LED lamp, means control gear that includes data-connection capability that is necessary to maintain the reference control settings.

Note: Connected control gear may include means for igniting, dimming, colour changing, and further control functions.

control mode, in relation to an LED lamp, means the condition of lighting control parts in which those parts:

(a) are connected to the lamp; and

(b) are performing their functions in such a way that:

(i) a control signal can be internally generated or a remotely initiated trigger can be received, by wire or wirelessly; and
(ii) the control signal can be processed to lead to a change in the light emission of the lamp.

control signal means an analogue or digital signal transmitted to an LED lamp by wire or wirelessly, either via:

(a) voltage modulation in separate control cables; or

(b) a modulated signal in the supply voltage.

Note: The signal transmission is not through a network but, for example, from an internal source or from a remote control delivered with the product.

correlated colour temperature or CCT means the temperature of a Planckian radiator having the chromaticity nearest the chromaticity associated with the given spectral distribution on a modified 1976 UCS diagram, where u′, 2/3v′ are the coordinates of the Planckian locus and the test stimulus.

cos φ1: see displacement factor.

CRI: see colour rendering index.

data-connection parts means parts that perform one or more of the following functions:

(a) receiving or transmitting, and processing, wired or wireless data signals;

(b) sensing and processing such signals;

(c) a combination of the above.

Note: The signals mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b) may be used to control the light emission function.

declared value means the value for a parameter relating to an LED lamp that is:

(a) established (measured or derived from measurements) under the applicable test conditions set out in section 22; and

(b) provided in an application to register the relevant model of lamp under the Act.

Note: This definition is relevant where, for instance, this instrument refers to parameters such as voltage, CCT, or CRI of an LED lamp when these are required to be measured. Declared values are those sourced from test reports whereas rated values are those used for consumer information (which can be declared values rounded off to typical nominal values). For example, declared CCT is established through measurement as 2680 K whereas the rated CCT may be the nominal value of 2700 K.

DF: see displacement factor.

DLL: see directional LED lamp.

directional LED lamp or DLL means:

(a) an LED lamp for which at least 80% of total luminous flux falls within a solid angle of π sr (corresponding to a cone with angle of 120°); or

(b) an LED lamp with a beam angle no greater than 100 in at least one plane through the lamp axis when luminous flux is measured using all forward-facing lumens.

displacement factor, DF or cos φ1 means a factor expressed by cos(φ 1), where φ1 is the phase angle between the fundamental of the mains supply voltage and the fundamental of the mains current, and is calculated from the ratio of the absolute value of the fundamental active power (P1) to the fundamental apparent power (S1), as follows

A formula to work out the value of the displacement factor calculated from the ratio of the absolute value of the fundamental active power to the fundamental apparent power.

as measured:

(a) at full-load, in the reference control settings (where applicable); and

(b) with:

(i) any lighting control parts in control mode; and
(ii) any non-lighting parts disconnected, switched off or set to minimum power consumption according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

double-capped lamp means a lamp with 2 separate caps.

Note: This includes double-capped retrofit LED lamps and double-capped conversion LED lamps, as defined in IEC 62776:2014, clauses 3.1 and 3.2.

excitation purity or pe means the quotient NC/ND of the following two collinear distances on the chromaticity diagram of the CIE 1931 or 1964 standard colorimetric systems:

(a) the distance between the point C representing the colour stimulus considered and the point N representing the specified achromatic stimulus;

(b) the distance between the point N and the point D on the spectrum locus at the dominant wavelength of the colour stimulus considered;

leading to the following expressions:

Formula using the y-chromaticity coordinates of the points C, N and D, to determine the quotient NC/ND.

and

Formula using the x-chromaticity coordinates of the points C, N and D, to determine the quotient NC/ND.

where (x, y), (xn, yn), (xd, yd) are the x, y chromaticity coordinates of the points C, N and D respectively.

Note 1: In the case of purple stimuli, the monochromatic stimulus is replaced by a stimulus the chromaticity of which is represented by a point on the purple boundary.

Note 2: The formulae in x and y are equivalent, but greater precision is given by the formula which has the greater value in the numerator.

Note 3: The excitation purity has unit one.

flicker:

(a) means the perception of visual unsteadiness induced by a light stimulus the luminance or spectral distribution of which fluctuates with time, for a static observer in a static environment; and

(b) is expressed in the metric ‘Pst LM’, where ‘st’ stands for short term and ‘LM’ for light flickermeter method, as defined in IEC TR 61547-1.

Note 1: The fluctuations of the light stimulus with time include periodic and non-periodic fluctuations and can be induced by the lamp itself, the power source or other influencing factors.

Note 2: A value Pst LM = 1 means that the average observer has a 50% probability of detecting flicker.

full-load means the condition of an LED lamp, within the rated operating conditions, in which it emits the maximum (undimmed) luminous flux.

HLLL: see high-luminance LED lamp.

high-luminance LED lamp or HLLL means an LED lamp with an average luminance greater than 30 cd/mm2 in the direction of peak intensity.

initial, in relation to the measurement of a characteristic, means the characteristic as measured at the end of the:

(a) ageing period (if any), within the meaning of clause 3.2 of AS/NZS 5341; and

(b) stabilisation time, within the meaning of clause 4.4 of CIE S 025.

Iv: see luminous intensity.

inorganic light emitting diode means an LED in which the p-n junction is composed of inorganic material.

L70B50 lifetime, for a model of an LED lamp, means the time in hours between the start of its use and the time at which, for 50% of a tested population of LED lamps of that model, the luminous flux of those lamps which were still emitting light had degraded to a value below 70% of the initial luminous flux.

Note: The L70B50 lifetime parameter relates only to the reduction of light output. Lamps in the relevant population which cease to emit light during the testing period are not included in the calculation of L70B50 lifetime.

LED or light emitting diode means a solid-state device embodying a p-n junction, emitting incoherent optical radiation when excited by an electric current.

Note 1: This definition is independent from the existence of enclosure(s) and terminals.

Note 2: The term ‘LED’ represents the LED die (or chip), or LED package.

LED lamp means an electric lamp based on LED technology.

Note: An LED lamp can be an integrated (LEDi lamp), a semi-integrated (LEDsi lamp) or a non-integrated (LEDni lamp). An LED lamp can incorporate at least one LED module.

light means radiation within the spectral range of visible radiation.

lighting control parts of an LED lamp means parts to which all of the following apply:

(a) the parts are either:

(i) integrated in the lamp; or
(ii) physically separate from but marketed together with the lamp, or with separate control gear (including separate connected control gear), as a single product;

(b) the parts are not strictly necessary for the lamp to emit light at full-load, or for the separate control gear (including separate connected control gear) to supply the electric power that enables the lamp to emit light at full-load;

(c) the parts enable manual or automatic, direct or remote control of luminous intensity, chromaticity, correlated colour temperature, light spectrum or beam angle.

Example: Dimmers are lighting control parts.

lumen maintenance factor or XLMF means the ratio, for specified operating conditions, of the luminous flux of an LED lamp at a given time in its operational life to its initial luminous flux.

Note 1: In IEC standards, ‘lumen maintenance’ is also commonly used with the same meaning.

Note 2: In CIE standards, ‘luminous flux maintenance factor’ is used with the same meaning.

Note 3: The lumen maintenance factor has unit one and is usually expressed in per cent.

luminance or Lv: see subsection (2).

luminous efficacy or ηlamp: see subsection 13(2).

luminous flux or Φv:

(a) means the change in luminous energy with time:

A formula to work out the value for luminous flux determined from the quotient of values for the change in luminous energy and the change in time. Delete: A formula to work out the value for luminous flux.

where Qv is the luminous energy emitted, transferred or received, and t is time; and

(b) for LED lamps that can be tuned to emit different light spectra or different maximum light intensities—refers to the luminous flux as measured in the reference control settings.

Note: The luminous flux is expressed in lumen (lm).

luminous intensity or Iv means the density of luminous flux with respect to a solid angle in a specified direction, calculated as follows:

A formula to work out the value for luminous intensity determined from the quotient of values for the luminous flux emitted in a specified direction and the solid angle containing that direction.

where Φv is the luminous flux emitted in a specified direction, and Ω is the solid angle containing that direction.

Note: The luminous intensity is expressed in candela (cd = lm·sr−1).

mains, mains voltage or MV means the electricity supply of 230 (+10% to -6%) volts of alternating current at 50 Hz.

mains LED lamp or MLL means an LED lamp that can be operated directly on the mains electricity supply.

Note: This includes such a lamp whether or not it can also operate indirectly on the mains using a separate control gear (including separate connected control gear) that includes a power supply converter.

mains voltage: see mains.

MLL: see mains LED lamp.

MV: see mains.

NDLL: see non-directional LED lamp.

network means an architecture (a communication infrastructure with a topology of links), and includes the physical components, organisational principles, communication procedures and formats (protocols).

networked standby mode means the condition of a CLL in which:

(a) the lamp is connected to the power supply; and

(b) the lamp is intentionally not emitting light; and

(c) the lamp or separate connected control gear is awaiting a control signal via a digital network to return to a state with light emission; and

(d) the lighting control parts are in their control mode; and

(e) where this can be done without disassembling the lamp—when the manufacturer’s instructions are followed:

(i) the non-lighting parts are disconnected from electric power or switched off; or
(ii) the power consumption of those parts is minimised.

networked standby power or Pnet means the electric power consumption of a CLL in networked standby mode.

Note: Networked standby power is expressed in watts (W).

NMLL: see the definition of non-mains LED lamp.

non-mains LED lamp or NMLL means an LED lamp that requires a separate power supply converter inserted between the power supply and lamp to operate.

non-directional LED lamp or NDLL means an LED lamp that is not a directional LED lamp.

non-lighting parts of an LED lamp means parts that are:

(a) either:

(i) integrated in the lamp or a separate control gear; or
(ii) physically separated from but marketed together with the lamp, or separate control gear (including separate connected control gear), as a single product; and

(b) not necessary for the lamp to emit light at full-load, or for the separate control gear (including separate connected control gear) to supply the electric power that enables the lamp to emit light at full-load; and

(c) not lighting control parts.

Example: Speakers (audio), cameras, repeaters for communication signals to extend the range (eg, WiFi), parts supporting grid balance (switching to own internal batteries when necessary), battery charging, visual notification of events (mail arriving, doorbell ringing, alert), and use of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi, a bidirectional, high-speed and fully networked wireless communication technology).

Note: ‘Non-lighting parts’ also include data-connection parts used for functions other than controlling the light emission function.

on-mode power or Pon:

(a) means the electric power consumption of an LED lamp in full-load, with:

(i) all lighting control parts and non-lighting parts disconnected; or
(ii) if the parts mentioned in subparagraph (i) cannot be disconnected—the parts switched off, or their power consumption minimised in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions; and

(b) for a non-mains LED lamp (NMLL) that requires a separate control gear (including separate connected control gear) to operate—can be:

(i) measured directly on the input to the LED lamp; or
(ii) determined using a separate control gear (including separate connected control gear) with known efficiency, the electric power consumption of which is subsequently subtracted from the measured mains power input value.

Note: On-mode power is expressed in watts (W).

Pe: see excitation purity.

Pnet: see networked standby power.

Pon: see on-mode power.

Psb: see standby power.

Pst LM: see paragraph (b) of the definition of flicker.

photosynthetic photon efficacy means the rate of flow of photons within the photosynthetically active radiation waveband of 400 – 700 nm from a radiation source.

Note: Photosynthetic photon efficacy is measured in µmol/Joule.

projected light-emitting surface area of an LED lamp means the surface area in mm2 (square millimetres) of the view in an orthographic projection of the light-emitting surface from the direction with the highest light intensity, where the light-emitting surface area is:

(a) for lamps with a non-clear envelope or with anti-glare shield—the entire area through which light leaves the lamp; or

(b) for lamps containing more than one light emitter—the projection of the smallest gross volume enveloping all emitters; or

(c) otherwise—the surface area of the lamp that emits light with the rated optical characteristics.

Example 1: For the purposes of paragraph (c), the light-emitting surface area of an LED chip encapsulated by a flat or semi-spherical phosphor containing envelope would be the surface area of that envelope, not the surface area of the chip. When the LED chip produces light, it is the phosphor-containing envelope which emits light with the rated optical characteristics, when energised by the light produced by the chip. This is illustrated by the following diagram (showing both side and top views):

Diagram illustrating the distinction between a phosphor-containing envelope and the LED chip in that envelope.

projected light-emitting surface area = ¼ πD2

where D is the diameter of the phosphor containing envelope (and not the dimensions of the rectilinear LED chip beneath the phosphor-coated envelop).

Example 2: For the purposes of paragraph (c), the light emitting surface of an LED filament lamp encapsulated in a clear bulb would be the combined surface areas of LED filaments, not the surface area of the bulb. This is illustrated by the following side view diagram:

Diagram is a light bulb with the filaments in that bulb identified by their length with the letter L, their width with the letter D and the number of filaments with the letter N.

projected light-emitting surface area = L.D.n

where L and D respectively are the length and the width of a single LED filament, and n is the number of filaments visible (some may be obstructed) from viewing direction.

rated, in relation to a value for a parameter relating to an LED lamp, means a value:

(a) that is provided for specification purposes by a person mentioned in subsection 43(3) of the Act; and

(b) that is based on the declared value; and

(c) that is specified on, or can be ascertained by following instructions (such as a quick reference code or web link) on, the packaging supplied with the lamp.

Note: This definition is relevant where, for instance, this instrument refers to ‘rated optical characteristics’ or ‘rated voltage’ of an LED lamp. Rated values are those typically used for consumer information (which can be the declared values rounded off to typical nominal values). For example, the rated CCT may be specified as the nominal value of 2700 K whereas declared CCT (derived from the measurements) is 2680 K.

ripple-free means an r.m.s. ripple voltage that is not more than 10% of the direct current component and whose maximum peak value does not exceed:

(a) 140 volts for a nominal 120 volts ripple-free direct current system; and

(b) 70 volts for a nominal 60 volts ripple-free direct current system.

reference control settings: see section 6.

remotely initiated trigger means a signal that comes from outside the LED lamp via a network.

r.m.s. means root mean square.

separate connected control gear, in relation to an LED lamp, means a connected control gear that is physically separate from the LED lamp.

Note 1: Separate connected control gear may have physically integrated data-connection parts in a single inseparable housing or may be combined with physically separate data-connection parts placed on the market together with the separate control gear as a single product.

Note 2: Separate connected control gear includes communication gateways.

Note 3: Separate connected control gear is also known as ‘connected independent control gear’.

separate control gear, in relation to an LED lamp, means a control gear that is physically separate from the LED lamp.

SF: see survival factor.

specific effective radiant ultraviolet power means the effective power of the ultraviolet radiation of an LED lamp weighted according to the spectral correction factors and related to its luminous flux.

Note: The specific effective radiant ultraviolet power is expressed in milliwatts per kilolumens (mW·klm-1).

standby mode means the condition of an LED lamp in which:

(a) the lamp is connected to the power supply; and

(b) the lamp is intentionally not emitting light; and

(c) the lamp or separate control gear is awaiting a non-networked control signal to return to a state with light emission; and

(d) the lighting control parts enabling the standby function are in their control mode; and

(e) where this can be done without disassembling the lamp—when the manufacturer’s instructions are followed:

(i) the non-lighting parts are disconnected from electric power or switched off; or
(ii) the power consumption of those parts is minimised.

standby power or Psb means the electric power consumption of an LED lamp in standby mode.

Note: The standby power is expressed in watts (W).

stroboscopic effect:

(a) means a change in motion perception induced by a light stimulus, the luminance or spectral distribution of which fluctuates with time, for a static observer in a non-static environment; and

(b) is represented in this instrument by the metric ‘SVM’ (stroboscopic effect visibility measure), as defined in IEC TR 63158.

Note 1: The fluctuations can be periodic or non-periodic, and may be induced by the LED lamp itself, the power source or other influencing factors.

Note 2: SVM = 1 represents the visibility threshold (50% probability of detection) for an average observer.

survival factor or SF means the fraction of the total number of LED lamps that continue to operate at a given instant under defined conditions and switching frequency.

Note: The lamp survival factor has unit one.

SVM: see paragraph (b) of the definition of stroboscopic effect.

tested: a tested value or amount is one that is:

(a) determined in accordance with a test conducted in accordance with the testing requirements of this instrument; or

(b) calculated on the basis of values or amounts that have been determined in accordance with paragraph (a).

useful luminous flux or Φuse means the part of the luminous flux of an LED lamp that is considered when determining its energy efficiency, as follows:

(a) for non-directional LED lamps—the total luminous flux emitted in a solid angle of 4π sr (corresponding to a 360° sphere), Φ360;

(b) for directional LED lamps with beam angle ≥ 90° (except where paragraph (d) applies)—the luminous flux emitted in a solid angle of π sr (corresponding to a cone with angle of 120°), Φ120;

(c) for directional LED lamps with beam angle < 90° (except where paragraph (d) applies)—the luminous flux emitted in a solid angle of 0.586π sr (corresponding to a cone with angle of 90°), Φ90;

(d) for directional LED lamps where all forward-facing lumens are measured—the luminous flux emitted from the forward face of the lamp (corresponding to a cone with angle of 180°), Φ180.

Note: Where paragraph (d) applies, a different luminous efficacy factor will apply when calculating the minimum required luminous efficacy of the LED lamp, as specified in subsection 13(3).

(2) Luminance or Lv means the density of luminous intensity with respect to the projected light-emitting surface area in a specified direction at a specified point on a real or imaginary surface, calculated as follows:

A formula to work out the value of luminance (expressed in candela per square metre) using values for luminous intensity, area and the angle between the normal to the surface at the specified point and the specified direction.

where:

Iv is luminous intensity.

A is area.

α is the angle between the normal to the surface at the specified point and the specified direction.

Note: The luminance is expressed in candela per metre squared (cd.m2).

6 Definition—reference control settings

(1) Subject to subsection (7), for a model of LED lamp with control features that allow the end user to adjust lamp characteristics that are capable of impacting on the energy performance of that model, a reference in this instrument to the reference control settings is a reference to the settings specified in this section.

Note 1: The control might be manual or automatic, direct or remote.

Note 2: LED lamps without control features that allow end users to adjust lamp characteristics that are capable of impacting on energy performance do not have reference control settings.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), without limiting that subsection, a model of LED lamp with control features that allow the end user to adjust any of, or any combination of, the following characteristics of the model is taken to be a model of LED lamp with control features that are capable of impacting on the energy performance of that model:

(a) the electrical power consumption;

(b) the luminous intensity of the emitted light;

(c) the chromaticity of the emitted light;

(d) the correlated colour temperature;

(e) the spectrum of the emitted light;

(f) the beam angle of the emitted light.

(3) Subject to subsections (4), (5) and (6), the reference control settings are the settings:

(a) defined by the manufacturer as the factory default settings; and

(b) encountered by the user upon first installing the lamp.

(4) If the installation procedure for the lamp provides for an automatic software update before the first use, or the user has the option to perform such an update, the reference control settings are the settings following that update.

Note: Software includes firmware.

(5) Despite subsections (3) and (4), if there are settings for the lamp characteristics mentioned in subsection (1) for a model of an LED lamp that:

(a) are specified, and described as reference control settings, on the product packaging; or

(b) if paragraph (a) does not apply—are so specified and described in technical documentation that is accessible by following instructions on the product packaging; or

(c) if neither paragraph (a) or (b) applies—are so specified and described in technical documentation that is supplied with the lamp;

the reference control settings are the settings so specified.

Note: This subsection might apply because, for example, the manufacturer has set the factory default values at a lower power than the intended reference control settings for safety reasons.

(6) Despite subsections (3) and (4), if:

(a) subsection (5) does not apply; and

(b) the approved form for application for registration of the model of LED lamp under section 41 of the Act requires or permits the applicant to specify the reference control settings; and

(c) the applicant has specified such settings;

the reference control settings are the settings specified in the application form.

(7) Settings will only be considered reference control settings if:

(a) the lamp, when in those settings, is covered by this instrument; and

(b) the lamp obtains full-load condition when in those settings; and

(c) for the settings mentioned in paragraph (3)(a)—the lamp will revert to those settings when restored to factory default.

7 Families of models

(1) For the purposes of section 28 of the Act, for a particular product class covered by this instrument, 2 or more models are in the same family of models if:

(a) they are members of a family that has been declared to the GEMS Regulator; and

(b) the requirements of this section are satisfied in relation to the models and the family.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b):

(a) the models must be in the same product class; and

(b) subject to subsection (3)—evidence of a test report documenting the results of the testing required in accordance with section 22 must have been provided for at least one model in the family at the time an application was made for registration for the models under section 41 of the Act; and

(c) the models must be either all non-mains LED lamps (NMLL) or all mains LED lamps (MLL); and

(d) the models must all have a rated CRI of one of the following:

(i) no less than 70 but less than 80;
(ii) no less than 80 but less than 90;
(iii) no less than 90; and

(e) for single-capped lamps—the models must all have a rated L70B50 lifetime of one of the following:

(i) no greater than 15,000 hours;
(ii) greater than 15,000 hours but no greater than 30,000 hours;
(iii) greater than 30,000 hours; and

(f) for double-capped G13 and G5 LED lamps—the models must all have a rated L70B50 lifetime of one of the following:

(i) no greater than 30,000 hours;
(ii) greater than 30,000 hours but no greater than 60,000 hours;
(iii) greater than 60,000 hours; and

(g) for double-capped G13 and G5 LED lamps—the models must have the same cap size; and

(h) the models must have the same reference control settings (if applicable); and

(i) in relation to the following design features:

(i) for dimmability—the models must be either all dimmable or all non-dimmable;
(ii) for light direction—the models must be either all directional or all non-directional;
(iii) for utilisation of LED filaments—the models must either all be designed with LED filaments or without LED filaments;
(iv) for CRI—models with CRI less than 80 must meet the requirements under item 1 of the table in section 19.

Note: Test reports and other evidence of performance of models can be provided at the time of registration on a voluntary basis.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(b):

(a) the model used for UV hazard testing (where required) must be the model with the highest UV radiant power in the relevant family; and

(b) the model used for Blue Light hazard testing (where required) must be the model with the highest CCT in the relevant family; and

(c) the model used for all other testing must be the model with the lowest luminous efficacy (lm/W) in the relevant family, when measured in the reference control settings.

Note: Subsection 20(1) contains UV and Blue Light hazard requirements. Subsections 20(4) and (5) set out circumstances in which UV and Blue Light hazard testing is not required.

(4) Despite subsections (2) and (3), an applicant under section 41 of the Act may, in their application, declare a family for the purposes of this subsection (a special purpose family) consisting of up to 10 models within a particular product class, provided that:

(a) no more than 1 special purpose family is declared in any product class; and

(b) a test report, documenting the results of the testing required in accordance with section 22 of this instrument, was provided for every model in the family, subject to the qualifications in subsections 20(4) and 20(5) of this instrument, at the time the application was made.

Note: This provision caters for products which are low volume specialist lamps, which are unlikely to be otherwise able to be grouped together in a family and for which individual registration might otherwise be cost prohibitive.

(5) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), a family must not contain more than 100 models.

8 Product categories

For the purposes of section 29 of the Act, the products covered by this instrument are category A products.

Part 2—Products covered by this instrument

9 Purpose of this Part

For the purposes of subsections 23(1) and (2) of the Act, this Part specifies:

(a) one or more classes of products that are covered by this instrument; and

(b) one or more classes of products that are not covered by this instrument.

10 Classes of products that are covered by this instrument

Classes of products covered by this instrument

(1) This instrument covers LED lamps that:

(a) satisfy the general conditions in subsection (4); and

(b) are of a type covered by:

(i) subsection (5) (single-capped lamps); or
(ii) subsection (6) (double-capped lamps).

(2) The following are separate product classes:

(a) LED lamps that satisfy subsection (4) and are covered by subsection (5);

(b) LED lamps that satisfy subsection (4) and are covered by subsection (6).

Instrument covers LED lamps regardless of whether they are in a containing product

(3) This instrument covers LED lamps that fall within subsection (1), whether or not they are placed on the market in a containing product.

General conditions

(4) The general conditions for an LED lamp are the following:

(a) it has chromaticity coordinates x and y in the range:

A formula showing the allowed range of the x chromaticity coordinate for LED lamps to be within scope of the determination. The acceptance range for x is from 0.270 to 0.530.

and

A quadratic based formula showing the allowed range of the y chromaticity coordinate for LED lamps to be within scope of the determination.

(b) it has an initial luminous flux of < 500 lumen per mm2 of projected light-emitting surface area;

(c) it has an initial luminous flux between 100 and 82,000 lumens;

(d) it contains one or more inorganic LEDs.

Single-capped LED lamps

(5) This subsection covers lamps with LED light sources of all shapes with a single cap of one of the following types:

(a) BA15d, B15d, B22d, E11, E12, E13, E14, E17, E26, E27, E39, E40, GU10, GZ10, GX10, GU24, GX53, G9;

(b) Bi-pin lamp caps G4, GU4, GY4, GZ4, GU5.3, GX5.3, G6.35, GY6.35, GU7, G53.

Double-capped LED lamps

(6) This subsection covers double-capped LED lamps with a nominal length of 550 mm to 1500 mm, including:

(a) double-capped LED retrofit lamps and double-capped conversion LED lamps (as defined in clauses 3.1 and 3.2 of IEC 62776) with G5 and G13 caps, intended for replacing fluorescent lamps with the same caps; and

(b) double-capped LED lamps (as defined in IEC 62931) with GX16t-5 caps.

(7) In this section:

containing product, in relation to an LED lamp, means a different and larger product within which the lamp is supplied.

Note: For an LED lamp that falls within subsection (1) that is supplied within a refrigerator, the refrigerator is the containing product. For an LED lamp that falls within subsection (1) that is supplied in a luminaire, the luminaire is the containing product.

11 Classes of products that are not covered by this instrument

This instrument does not apply to LED lamps specified in Schedule 1.

Part 3—GEMS level requirements

12 Purpose of this Part

For the purposes of paragraph 24(1)(a) of the Act, this Part specifies GEMS level requirements in accordance with section 25 of the Act for the product classes covered by this instrument.

13 Ecodesign requirements—energy efficiency

Minimum required luminous efficacy of an LED lamp

(1) The luminous efficacy (ηlamp) of an LED lamp must not be less than the minimum required luminous efficacy (ηlamp.min), measured in lm/W.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), for a lamp requiring reference control settings, luminous efficacy of an LED lamp is the luminous efficacy tested in the reference control settings (in accordance with section 24) and is calculated using the useful luminous flux (Φuse)View image in the official sourceand the on-mode power (Pon), as follows:

A formula to work out the luminous efficacy of a lamp requiring testing in specified reference control settings. This is calculated by dividing the useful luminous flux by the on-mode power.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1), the minimum required luminous efficacy is a function of the useful luminous flux (Φuse) (in lm) and the colour rendering index (CRI), as follows:

A formula to work out the minimum required luminous efficacy for a particular LED lamp. The formula is a function of useful luminous flux and colour rendering index with adjustment factors for connected LED lamps, types of directional LED lamps, colour tuneable lamps, directional lamps with an anti-glare shield, high luminance lamps, and the cone of measurement used.

where:

η, the threshold luminous efficacy, is 120 lm/W.

L, the end loss factor, is 2.0 W for a CLL and 1.5 W otherwise.

C, the correction factor, is defined in subsection (4).

F, the luminous efficacy factor, is:

(a) for non-directional LED lamps (NDLL) using total flux—1.00; and

(b) for directional LED lamps (DLL):

(i) using flux in a cone with an angle of 90° or 120°—0.85; or
(ii) using measurement of forward-facing lumens (corresponding to a cone with an angle of 180°)—as follows:

R, the CRI factor, is (CRI+80)/160 for CRI ≥ 70, with both R and CRI rounded to two decimal places.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the correction factor for an LED lamp is:

(a) for an LED lamp other than a directional LED lamp (DLL)—the sum of the following values set out in the table:

(i) the basic C value for the relevant type of lamp;
(ii) each applicable additional C value; and

(b) for a directional LED lamp (DLL)—the sum of the following values set out in the table:

(i) the basic C value for the relevant type of lamp;
(ii) each applicable additional C value, other than the value in item 7 of the table.

Maximum standby power and networked standby power

(5) The standby power (Psb) of an LED lamp must not exceed 0.5 W.

(6) The networked standby power (Pnet) of a connected LED lamp must not exceed 0.5 W.

(7) In determining the standby power and networked standby power of an LED lamp for the purposes of subsections (5) and (6), the allowable values for Psb and Pnet must not be added together.

Part 4—GEMS labelling requirements

14 Purpose of this Part

For the purposes of paragraph 24(1)(b) of the Act, this Part specifies GEMS labelling requirements in accordance with section 26 of the Act for the product classes covered by this instrument.

15 Information to be displayed on the LED lamp itself

(1) Subject to subsection (2), an LED lamp must have displayed in a legible font on its surface:

(a) the rated value and physical unit of the useful luminous flux (lm) and correlated colour temperature (expressed in K) of the lamp; and

(b) for a directional LED lamp—the rated beam angle (expressed in °).

(2) If there is insufficient room on the surface to include all of the values required without unduly obstructing the light emission:

(a) if there is room for one value—the rated useful luminous flux must be displayed; and

(b) if there is room for two values—the rated useful luminous flux and correlated colour temperature must be displayed.

16 Information to be visibly displayed on the packaging

Lamps to which this section applies

(1) This section applies to an LED lamp that is supplied or offered for supply in packaging containing information that will be visibly displayed at a point of sale prior to its purchase.

Labelling requirements

(2) The information set out in column 1 of the table in subsection (4):

(a) must be clearly and prominently displayed on the packaging; and

(b) must comply with any specific formatting or accuracy requirements set out in column 1 or 2 of the table; and

(c) without limiting the form in which the information may be displayed—may be represented with assistance from graphs, drawings or symbols.

Note: Column 3 of the table sets out non-binding guidance notes about the information to be included.

(3) For an LED lamp that can be set to emit light with different characteristics, the requirements of an item in column 1 of the table in subsection (4) are satisfied in relation to values that vary with those characteristics if the packaging does one or both of the following:

(a) specifies those values as obtained when the lamp is in the reference control settings;

(b) sets out a range of values that can be obtained, provided that the values obtained when the lamp is in the reference control settings fall within that range.

(4) The following table has effect:

Note: The accuracy values in column 2 of the table are applicable only for the purposes of determining compliance with the requirements of this section. They are not relevant to determining compliance with the requirements of other aspects of this determination (e.g. the GEMS level requirements specified in Part 3 for the purposes of paragraph 24(1)(a) of the Act).

17 Impact of replacement determination

A GEMS labelling requirement of this instrument (the revoked requirement) is taken to be complied with if:

(a) this instrument is revoked in accordance with paragraph 35(1)(a) of the Act; and

(b) another GEMS determination (the replacement determination) is made in accordance with paragraph 35(1)(b) of the Act; and

(c) a transitional GEMS labelling requirement (the replacement requirement) of the replacement determination provides that, if the replacement requirement is complied with, the revoked requirement is taken to be complied with; and

(d) the replacement requirement is complied with.

Part 5—Other requirements

18 Purpose of this Part

For the purposes of subsection 24(2) of the Act, this Part specifies other requirements in accordance with section 27 of the Act for product classes covered by this instrument.

19 Other requirements—performance requirements

For the purposes of paragraph 27(1)(b) of the Act, the performance requirements for an LED lamp in a product class covered by this instrument are as follows:

20 Other requirements—impact on human health

(1) For the purposes of paragraph 27(1)(c) of the Act, the health requirements for an LED lamp in a product class covered by this instrument are as follows:

Related testing requirements

(2) For the purposes of paragraph 27(1)(e) of the Act, where an LED lamp is tested to determine whether it complies with the requirements of subsection (1), the testing must be carried out in accordance with AS/NZS 5341, subject to the qualifications in subsections (3) to (5).

(3) Compliance with subsection (1) may be demonstrated using the results of testing either the LED lamp or an LED module contained in the lamp.

(4) A UV hazard test is not required if the LED lamp does not contain an LED chip with a peak wavelength emission of less than 400 nm.

(5) Blue Light hazard testing is not required if:

(a) the blue light hazard weighted radiance, LB, is < 10,000 W.m-2.sr-1 (as defined in clause 4.3.3 of AS/NZS 62471); or

(b) the maximum luminance of the visible light-emitting surface of the LED lamp does not exceed the limit specified in the following table:

Note: This is Table C.1 of IEC TR 62778.

(6) For the purposes of assessing the criteria mentioned in paragraph (5)(b), the manufacturer’s rated CCT and rated luminance may be used as a basis for this assessment.

Part 6—Testing requirements

21 Purpose of this Part

This Part sets out testing requirements for the purposes of paragraphs 25(b), 26(1)(c) and 27(1)(e) of the Act.

22 Testing requirements—general

If a product is tested to determine whether it complies with the requirements of this instrument, the testing must be done in accordance with:

(a) AS/NZS 5341; or

(b) in the case of AS/NZS 5341 providing that testing can be carried out in accordance with an alternative standard as an acceptable equivalent test method—that alternative standard; or

(c) a standard that, in respect of the matter to be tested, imposes substantially identical testing requirements to AS/NZS 5341.

23 Use of reference control settings

For LED lamps where reference control settings are required, the lamp must be tested under reference control setting conditions.

24 Testing in reference control settings

(1) Subject to subsection (2), if an LED lamp is tested in its reference control settings to determine whether it complies with the requirements of this instrument, that testing must be conducted:

(a) if it is possible to switch off or disconnect the lighting control parts or non-lighting parts of the lamp—with those parts switched off or disconnected; or

(b) otherwise—with the parts mentioned in paragraph (a) operated at minimal power.

Note: A number of requirements for products in this instrument relate to values of characteristics of those products measured in the reference control settings.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the lamp is not able to obtain full-load conditions with the parts mentioned in that subsection switched off, disconnected or operated at minimal power (as relevant).

25 Circumvention of testing

(1) Circumvention devices must not be used in connection with any tests conducted for the purposes of demonstrating compliance with this instrument.

(2) In this section:

circumvention device means any control, control device, software, component or part that alters the operating characteristics of a product during any test procedure, resulting in measurements that are unrepresentative of the true characteristics that the product may exhibit during normal use under comparable conditions.

Note: Generally, circumvention devices save energy during an energy test, but not during normal use.

26 Lamp ageing and lamp operating orientation

The lamp ageing and lamp operating orientation requirements for conducting testing in accordance with section 22 on LED lamps in product classes covered by this instrument are as follows:

Schedule 1—Products not covered by this instrument

Note: See section 11.

1 Aeronautical lamps

Aircraft lights

(1) This instrument does not cover LED lamps that:

(a) are designed to operate on an aircraft; and

(b) satisfy the requirements of:

(i) the airworthiness standards in subregulations 23.001(1), 25.001(1), 27.001(1) and 29.001(1) of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations; or
(ii) section 3, Chapter 7 (Lighting Systems) of the Defence Aviation Safety Design Requirements Manual.

Note 1: The provisions of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations mentioned in subparagraph (b)(i) refer to the European Aviation Safety Agency certification specifications and US Federal Aviation Administration airworthiness standards for aircraft.

Note 2: The GEMS Regulator may request evidence that such lamps comply with the approval requirements mentioned in paragraph (b) (among other things).

Aeronautical ground lights

(2) This instrument does not cover LED lamps that:

(a) are designed as aeronautical ground lights (within the meaning of Part 139 (Aerodromes) Manual of Standards); and

(b) meet the requirements that apply to such lights under either or both of the following:

(i) Part 139 (Aerodromes) Manual of Standards;
(ii) Defence Aviation Safety Authority Regulation (DASR) 139 – Aerodromes.

Note: The GEMS Regulator may request evidence that aeronautical ground lights comply with the requirements specified in paragraph (b) (among other things).

2 Other exclusions

(1) This instrument does not cover the following:

(a) LED lamps with:

(i) specific effective ultraviolet power > 2mW/klm; or
(ii) peak radiation between 180 and 280 nm;

(b) LED lamps for which the radiation power emitted within the range of 400 to 480 nm is 40% or more of the total radiation power emitted within the range of 250 to 800 nm;

(c) LED lamps:

(i) that have a photosynthetic photon efficacy of \> 2.5 μmol/J; or
(ii) for which the radiation power emitted within the range of 700 to 800 nm is 25% or more of the total radiation power emitted within the range of 250 to 800 nm;

(d) LED lamps with a fixed beam angle of less than 10°;

(e) colour-tuneable LED lamps, other than LED lamps that contain phosphor materials for light conversion, that:

(i) can be set to at least the colours listed in the table in subclause (2); and
(ii) have, for each of those colours, measured at the dominant wavelength, the minimum excitation purity set out in that table.

Example 1: For paragraph (a)—some LED lamps designed for use in applications requiring high UV-content.

Example 2: For paragraph (b)—some LED lamps designed for coral zooxanthellae symbioses.

Example 3: For paragraph (c)—some LED lamps designed for use in horticulture.

Example 4: For paragraph (d)—some LED lamps designed for spot-lighting applications requiring a very narrow light-beam.

(2) The following table has effect:

Schedule 2—Incandescent or halogen lamp equivalence claims

1 Incandescent or halogen lamp equivalence claims—non-directional LED lamps

(1) For the purposes of item 3, column 2 of the table in subsection 16(4), the minimum luminous flux for the claimed power of an equivalent incandescent or halogen lamp is:

(a) if the claimed equivalent lamp power is equal to a value set out in column 1 (for an incandescent lamp) or column 2 (for a halogen lamp) for an item of the table in subclause (2)—the value set out in column 3 for that item; or

(b) if the claimed equivalent lamp power is between two values set out in column 1 (for an incandescent lamp) or column 2 (for a halogen lamp) for 2 successive items—calculated by linear interpolation of the values in column 3 for those 2 items (rounded to the nearest 1 W).

Example: A person claims an equivalent halogen lamp power of 47 W for a halogen lamp. This falls between the values in column 2 for items 4 and 5 of the table in subclause (2). The LED lamp minimum luminous flux for the purposes of item 3, column 2 of the table in subsection 16(4) is 900 lm, calculated by interpolating the values listed in column 3 for items 4 and 5 of the table.

(2) The following table has effect: