Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 93/00 – Forward Field of View) 2018
In ForceCTH
Jurisdiction
Commonwealth
Collection
legislative instrument
Plain English Summary
8/10 complexity
This instrument specifies exact three‑dimensional reference points, tables of coordinate corrections for seat‑back angle and seat‑adjustment ranges, and step‑by‑step measurement procedures to evaluate a driver's forward field of view and A‑pillar obstruction. It sets the test method used for type approval and production conformity. It primarily affects vehicle manufacturers, Type Approval Authorities and Technical Services who bear design, testing and conformity costs and who decide whether on‑vehicle tests are required (see §§5–8, 6.1.5, 12).
This instrument sets out a technical measurement and approval regime for the driver's forward field of vision, by specifying reference points, coordinate values, correction tables and a test procedure, and by attaching those requirements to the vehicle type approval mechanism used by Contracting Parties to the Agreement. Mechanically it does the following.
Fixes explicit three‑dimensional co‑ordinates for the two windscreen reference or visibility points V1 and V2 (Table I, paragraph 5.2.2) and for seating‑related points P1, P2 and Pm (Table II, paragraph 5.3.1.1). It then provides numerical corrections to those X and Z co‑ordinates when the seat‑back design angle is different from 25° (Table IV, paragraph 5.4) and when the horizontal seat‑adjustment range exceeds 108 mm (Table III, paragraph 5.3.1.2).
Defines the E points used to evaluate obstruction by the A pillars, including fixed offsets from P1 and P2 and an operational instruction to rotate the E1‑E2 and E3‑E4 lines until a tangent to the A‑pillar outer edge is normal to the E‑line (paragraphs 5.5.1 to 5.5.4).
Prescribes the test procedure for the driver’s field of vision, referencing measurement of dimensional relationships to the three‑dimensional reference grid via Annex 4, measurement in inclined planes, and measurement of angles of obstruction (section 6, paragraphs 6.1.1-6.1.5).
Embeds these technical requirements into the type approval lifecycle. Modifications to a vehicle type must be notified to the approving Type Approval Authority (paragraph 7.1). The Authority may either grant an extension without further tests (7.1.1) or require further testing (7.1.2). Approvals, extensions, refusals or withdrawals must be communicated to other Contracting Parties by the specified communication forms (7.2-7.3).
Current sections
Direct links to the current provisions in Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 93/00 – Forward Field of View) 2018.
19
Table I
Table I
Table I
V-point
X
Y
Z
V1
68 mm
-5 mm
665 mm
V2
68 mm
-5 mm
589 mm
5.3. Position of the P points
5.3.1. The position of the P points in relation to the "R" point, as indicated by the XYZ coordinates from the three-dimensional reference grid, are as shown by Tables II, III and IV.
5.3.1.1. Table II sets out the base coordinates for a design seat-back angle of 25°. The positive direction of the coordinates is set out in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 1.
The Pm point is the point of intersection between the straight line joining P1, P2 and the longitudinal vertical plane passing through the "R" point.
Table II
Table II
Table II
Point P
X
Y
Z
P1
35 mm
-20 mm
627 mm
P2
63 mm
47 mm
627 mm
Pm
43.36 mm
0 mm
627 mm
5.3.1.2. Table III indicates the further corrections to be made to the X coordinates of P1 and P2 when the horizontal seat-adjustment range as defined in paragraph 2.16. above exceeds 108 mm. The positive direction for the coordinates is indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 1.
Table III
Table III
Table III
Horizontal seat-adjustment range
Δx
108 to 120 mm
-13 mm
121 to 132 mm
-22 mm
133 to 145 mm
-32 mm
146 to 158 mm
-42 mm
more than 158 mm
-48 mm
5.4. Correction for design seat-back angles other than 25°
Table IV indicates the further corrections to be made to the X and Z coordinates of each P point and each V point when the design seat-back angle is not 25°. The positive direction for the coordinates is indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 1.
Table IV
Table IV
Table IV
Seat-back angle(in °)
Horizontal coordinatesΔx
Vertical coordinatesΔz
Seat-back angle(in °)
Horizontal coordinatesΔx
Vertical coordinatesΔz
5
-186 mm
28 mm
23
-18 mm
5 mm
6
-177 mm
27 mm
24
-9 mm
3 mm
7
-167 mm
27 mm
25
0 mm
0 mm
8
-157 mm
27 mm
26
9 mm
-3 mm
9
-147 mm
26 mm
27
17 mm
-5 mm
10
-137 mm
25 mm
28
26 mm
-8 mm
11
-128 mm
24 mm
29
34 mm
-11 mm
12
-118 mm
23 mm
30
43 mm
-14 mm
13
-109 mm
22 mm
31
51 mm
-18 mm
14
-99 mm
21 mm
32
59 mm
-21 mm
15
-90 mm
20 mm
33
67 mm
-24 mm
16
-81 mm
18 mm
34
76 mm
-28 mm
17
-72 mm
17 mm
35
84 mm
-32 mm
18
-62 mm
15 mm
36
92 mm
-35 mm
19
-53 mm
13 mm
37
100 mm
-39 mm
20
-44 mm
11 mm
38
108 mm
-43 mm
21
-35 mm
9 mm
39
115 mm
-48 mm
22
-26 mm
7 mm
40
123 mm
-52 mm
5.5. Position of the E points
5.5.1. E1 and E2 points are each 104 mm from P1.
E2 is 65 mm from E1 (see Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 4).
5.5.2. The straight line joining E1 and E2 is rotated about P1 until the tangent joining E1 to the outer edge of Section 2 of the "A" pillar on the driver's side is normal to the straight line E1 - E2 (see Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 3).
5.5.3. E3 and E4 are each 104 mm from point P2. E3 is 65 mm from E4 (see Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 4).
5.5.4. The straight line E3 \- E4 is rotated about P2 until the tangent joining E4 to the outer edge of Section 2 of the "A" pillar on the passenger's side is normal to the straight line E3 - E4 (see Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 3).
6. Test procedure
6.1. Driver's field of vision
6.1.1. The dimensional relationships between the vehicle's primary reference marks and the three - dimensional reference grid shall be determined by the procedure prescribed in Annex 4.
6.1.2. The position of the points V1 and V2 is determined in relation to the "R" point as indicated by the XYZ coordinates of the three‑dimensional reference grid and are shown in Table I under paragraph 5.2.2. above and Table IV under paragraph 5.4. above. The windscreen datum points shall then be found from the corrected V points as prescribed in paragraph 5.1.1. above.
6.1.3. The relationship between the P points, the "R" point, and the centre‑line of the driver's seating position, as indicated by XYZ coordinates from the three‑dimensional reference grid, shall be determined from Tables II and III in paragraph 5.3. above. The correction for design seat‑back angles other than 25° is shown in Table IV under paragraph 5.4. above.
6.1.4. The angle of obstruction (see paragraph 5.1.2. above) shall be measured in the inclined planes, as indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 2\. The relationship between P1 and P2, which are connected to E1 and E2 and E3 and E4 respectively, is shown in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 5.
6.1.4.1. Straight line E1 - E2 shall be set as described in paragraph 5.5.2. above. The angle of obstruction of the "A" pillar on the driver's side shall be measured as specified in paragraph 5.1.2.1.1. above.
6.1.4.2. Straight line E3 \- E4 shall be set as described in paragraph 5.5.4. above. The angle of obstruction of the "A" pillar on the passenger side shall then be measured as specified in paragraph 5.1.2.1.2. above.
6.1.5. The manufacturer may measure the angle of obstruction either on the vehicle or in the drawings. In the event of doubt, the Technical Services may require the tests be carried out on the vehicle.
7. Modification of vehicle type and extension of approval
7.1. Every modification of the vehicle type as defined in paragraph 2.2. above shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority which approved the vehicle type. The Type Approval Authority may then either:
7.1.1. Consider that the modifications made do not have an adverse effect on the conditions of the granting of the approval and grant an extension of approval;
7.1.2. Consider that the modifications made affect the conditions of the granting of the approval and require further tests or additional checks before granting an extension of approval.
7.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.3. above to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation.
7.3. The Type Approval Authority shall inform the other Contracting Parties of the extension by means of the communication form which appears in Annex 2 to this Regulation. It shall assign a serial number to each extension, to be known as the extension number.
8. Conformity of production
8.1. Procedures concerning conformity of production shall conform to the general provisions defined in Schedule 1 to the Agreement (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3) and meet the following requirements:
8.2. A vehicle approved pursuant to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements of paragraph 5\. above;
8.3. The Type Approval Authority, which has granted approval, may at any time verify the conformity of control methods applicable to each production unit. The normal frequency of such inspections shall be once every two years.
9. Penalties for non‑conformity of production
9.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8\. above are not complied with.
9.2. If a Contracting Party withdraws an approval it had previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by sending them a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
10. Production definitively discontinued
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of vehicle approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the Type Approval Authority which granted the approval, which in turn shall forthwith inform the other Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
11. Names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Type Approval Authorities
The Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the Type Approval Authorities, which grant approval, and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval are to be sent.
12. Transitional provisions
12.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval under this Regulation as amended by the 01 series of amendments.
12.2. As from 24 months after the date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments to this Regulation, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant approvals only if the vehicle type to be approved meets the requirements of this Regulation as amended by the 01 series of amendments.
12.3. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not refuse to grant extensions of approvals for existing types, which have been granted according to the original version of this Regulation.
12.4. Even after the entry into force of the 01 series of amendments to this Regulation, type approvals of the vehicles to the original version of this Regulation shall remain valid. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to accept them.
12.5. Notwithstanding the transitional provisions above, Contracting Parties whose application of this Regulation comes into force after the date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments are not obliged to accept approvals, which were granted in accordance with the original version of this Regulation.
Sourced from the Federal Register of Legislation (legislation.gov.au), CC BY 4.0.
Table I Table I
Table I
V-point
X
Y
Z
V1
68 mm
-5 mm
665 mm
V2
68 mm
-5 mm
589 mm
5.3. Position of the P points
5.3.1. The position of the P points in relation to the "R" point, as indicated by the XYZ coordinates from the three-dimensional reference grid, are as shown by Tables II, III and IV.
5.3.1.1. Table II sets out the base coordinates for a design seat-back angle of 25°. The positive direction of the coordinates is set out in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 1.
The Pm point is the point of intersection between the straight line joining P1, P2 and the longitudinal vertical plane passing through the "R" point.
Table II Table II
Table II
Point P
X
Y
Z
P1
35 mm
-20 mm
627 mm
P2
63 mm
47 mm
627 mm
Pm
43.36 mm
0 mm
627 mm
5.3.1.2. Table III indicates the further corrections to be made to the X coordinates of P1 and P2 when the horizontal seat-adjustment range as defined in paragraph 2.16. above exceeds 108 mm. The positive direction for the coordinates is indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 1.
Table III Table III
Table III
Horizontal seat-adjustment range
Δx
108 to 120 mm
-13 mm
121 to 132 mm
-22 mm
133 to 145 mm
-32 mm
146 to 158 mm
-42 mm
more than 158 mm
-48 mm
5.4. Correction for design seat-back angles other than 25°
Table IV indicates the further corrections to be made to the X and Z coordinates of each P point and each V point when the design seat-back angle is not 25°. The positive direction for the coordinates is indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 1.
Requires conformity of production to the approved type by reference to the Agreement’s general provisions (Schedule 1, E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3) and adds a specific inspection rhythm (normal frequency once every two years) for verification of conformity control methods (paragraphs 8.1-8.3).
Sets out administrative consequences for non‑conformity, including withdrawal of approval (9.1) and notification of withdrawal to other Contracting Parties (9.2). It also prescribes notification when production of an approved type is definitively discontinued (clause 10).
Provides transition rules tied to the "01 series of amendments" to this Regulation, including a 24‑month phase where new approvals must meet the amended Regulation (paragraphs 12.1-12.4), and a limited exception for Contracting Parties applying the Regulation for the first time (12.5).
The technical definitions and test geometry are anchored in Annex 4, Appendix Figures 1-7, which the instrument expressly incorporates for the determination of V points, observation points of the A pillars, angles of obstruction, and area "S" (see multiple references in paragraphs 5.x and 6.x). The instrument therefore creates binding measurement steps together with administrative steps that link passing the technical tests to approval issuance, extension and market acceptance among Contracting Parties.
Main concepts
The document organises its technical content around a small set of geometric reference elements and administrative actors. Understanding those core concepts is necessary to apply the tables and test steps specified in the text.
Reference grid and R point
The three‑dimensional reference grid and the "R" point serve as the principal origin for subsequent coordinates. Paragraph 6.1.1 requires the dimensional relationships between the vehicle’s primary reference marks and the three‑dimensional reference grid to be determined using the procedure in Annex 4. Figures in Annex 4 (Figures 1-7) show the median longitudinal plane, the vertical plane through R, and the vertical plane through V1 and V2, which are the geometric bases for all coordinates.
V points (V1, V2)
V1 and V2 are windscreen datum points whose positions relative to R are set by XYZ coordinates in Table I (paragraph 5.2.2) and then updated as required by Table IV for seat‑back angle corrections (paragraph 5.4). Paragraph 6.1.2 instructs that the windscreen datum points are found from the corrected V points.
P points (P1, P2, Pm)
P1 and P2 are seating reference points given in Table II (paragraph 5.3.1.1) for a design seat‑back angle of 25°. Pm is the point of intersection between the straight line joining P1 and P2 and the longitudinal vertical plane through R (paragraph 5.3.1.1, Table II). Table III prescribes additional corrections to the X coordinates of P1 and P2 where the horizontal seat‑adjustment range exceeds 108 mm (paragraph 5.3.1.2). Table IV gives corrections for seat‑back angles other than 25° (paragraph 5.4).
E points (E1-E4)
E1 and E2 are constructed from P1 (each 104 mm from P1, with E2 65 mm from E1), and E3 and E4 are similarly constructed from P2 (paragraph 5.5.1 and 5.5.3). Crucially, paragraphs 5.5.2 and 5.5.4 require the straight lines E1‑E2 and E3‑E4 to be rotated about P1 and P2 respectively until the tangent from the outer edge of Section 2 of the A pillar is normal to the line E1‑E2 or E3‑E4. That rotation is an operational test step used in measuring angles of obstruction.
Angles of obstruction and inclined planes
Paragraph 6.1.4 instructs that the angle of obstruction is to be measured in the inclined planes indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 2. Paragraphs 6.1.4.1 and 6.1.4.2 cross‑refer measurement of the A‑pillar obstruction to the properly set E lines.
Corrections and conditional adjustments
Table III provides discrete Δx values to apply to P1 and P2 X coordinates when horizontal seat adjustment ranges fall into defined bands above 108 mm (paragraph 5.3.1.2). Table IV lists horizontal (Δx) and vertical (Δz) coordinate corrections for seat‑back angles from 5° through 40° (paragraph 5.4). These are large, tabulated numeric adjustments that materially change the position of the P and V points used in obstruction computation.
Administrative actors and procedures
Type Approval Authorities and Technical Services are the decision and testing bodies respectively. Paragraph 7.1 sets out the obligation to notify the Type Approval Authority of every modification of the vehicle type. Paragraph 6.1.5 allows the manufacturer to measure angles on drawings but gives Technical Services the discretion to require on‑vehicle tests in cases of doubt.
Conformity of production and communications
Conformity is anchored to the Agreement’s Schedule 1 (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3) according to paragraph 8.1. Inspections by the Type Approval Authority are expected at a normal frequency of once every two years (8.3). Communication forms in Annex 1 and Annex 2 are mandatory conduits for approval, withdrawal or extension messages to other Contracting Parties (paragraphs 7.2-7.3, 9.2, 10, 11).
Transition mechanics
The text expressly ties the amended obligations to an "01 series of amendments" with staged entry rules: Contracting Parties must not refuse to grant approvals under the amended Regulation from the official date of entry into force of the 01 series (12.1), and after 24 months approvals must meet the amended Regulation (12.2). However, existing approvals under the original version remain valid and must be accepted (12.4), while Contracting Parties newly applying the Regulation after the 01 series are not obliged to accept older approvals (12.5).
These concepts combine geometric specification with administrative process. The numeric tables fix the geometry that the tests operate on, while the administrative paragraphs connect those test results to approval issuance, extension, conformity monitoring and inter‑state communication.
Who it affects
The instrument imposes obligations and choices on a narrow set of participants within the vehicle approval ecosystem; the effects are both technical and administrative.
Manufacturers and holders of approval
The primary economic actor affected is the manufacturer or the holder of the vehicle type approval. Paragraph 7.1 requires that every modification of the vehicle type be notified to the Type Approval Authority which granted the approval. Paragraph 8.2 requires that a vehicle approved pursuant to this Regulation be manufactured so as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements of paragraph 5 (i.e. the measurement and obstruction criteria). Clause 10 requires the holder to inform the granting authority if production of an approved type is definitively discontinued.
Type Approval Authorities
The Type Approval Authority has decision‑making power. Under paragraph 7.1 it may determine that modifications do not adversely affect approval and grant an extension (7.1.1), or it may conclude the modifications do affect approval conditions and require further tests or checks before granting an extension (7.1.2). The Authority also issues notifications to other Contracting Parties using specific communication forms and assigns serial numbers to extensions (7.2-7.3). Paragraph 8.3 allows the Authority to verify conformity control methods and to carry out inspections normally once every two years.
Technical Services
Technical Services are responsible for conducting approval tests and can require on‑vehicle measurement where there is doubt about measurements carried out by the manufacturer (6.1.5). They are also the named entities whose details must be communicated to the United Nations Secretariat (clause 11).
Contracting Parties to the Agreement
Contracting Parties that apply the Regulation receive communications and are required to act in certain ways under the transitional provisions. Paragraphs 12.1-12.5 set obligations about when to grant approvals and whether to accept approvals under the original version. Paragraphs 7.2 and 9.2 require immediate communication to Contracting Parties of confirmations, refusals or withdrawals.
Testing laboratories and compliance units
Independent or in‑house testing laboratories carry out the geometric determinations required by Annex 4 and the angle measurements in the inclined planes (paragraphs 6.1.1, 6.1.4). Those entities have to be named to the UN Secretariat (clause 11) if they are the Technical Services or Type Approval Authorities.
Drivers and the public
Drivers are the indirect affected party because the standard targets the evaluation of obstructions in the forward field of vision. The Regulation does not directly create duties for drivers, but it shapes vehicle design which in turn affects visibility in operation.
Secondary administrative stakeholders
National regulators that act as Contracting Parties, customs and market surveillance authorities, and compliance auditors will be affected by the communication and conformity regime. Where an approval is withdrawn (9.1-9.2), Contracting Parties are notified and those notifications influence market acceptance.
Effects on behaviour
Manufacturers must plan for design documentation that enables coordinate calculation, make provision to apply corrections from Tables III and IV, and decide whether to trust drawing‑based measurements given the risk that Technical Services may require on‑vehicle tests (6.1.5). Type Approval Authorities have discretion about requiring further tests for modifications (7.1.2), which incentivises manufacturers to provide comprehensive evidence at notification to avoid follow‑up testing delays.
In sum, the instrument assigns compliance tasks and decision authority primarily to manufacturers, Type Approval Authorities and Technical Services, with Contracting Parties as recipients of formal communications that determine cross‑border acceptance of approvals. The direct economic burden falls on manufacturers and their testing partners.
Key duties and rights
This section summarises the operative duties imposed on regulated parties by the text, and the rights or discretions reserved to authorities and manufacturers under the instrument.
Duties imposed on manufacturers and approval holders
Notify every modification of the vehicle type to the Type Approval Authority which approved the vehicle type (paragraph 7.1). Notification is mandatory for "every modification" as defined in paragraph 2.2 (not reproduced in full in the excerpt), so the duty is broad.
Manufacture vehicles so they conform to the approved type and meet the technical requirements specified in paragraph 5 (paragraph 8.2). That duty extends to meeting the coordinate positions, corrections and resulting obstruction angles that the test procedure examines.
Where production is definitively discontinued, inform the Type Approval Authority which granted the approval (clause 10). The Authority must in turn inform other Contracting Parties (clause 10).
Maintain conformity control arrangements amenable to inspection by the Type Approval Authority (paragraph 8.3). The text establishes a normal inspection frequency of once every two years for verification of conformity control methods.
Duties of Type Approval Authorities and Technical Services
Consider notifications of modification and either grant an extension of approval if modifications do not adversely affect approval conditions (7.1.1), or require further tests or checks where they do (7.1.2). The Authority must then communicate confirmations or refusals in the manner specified in paragraph 4.3 (7.2).
Assign serial numbers to each extension of approval and inform other Contracting Parties using the communication form in Annex 2 (7.3).
Verify conformity of control methods and conduct inspections on production as required under the general provisions of the Agreement and as specified in paragraph 8.3.
Technical Services are responsible for conducting approval tests and, where the manufacturer measures the angle of obstruction on drawings, may require on‑vehicle tests if there is doubt (paragraph 6.1.5).
Rights and discretions
Manufacturers retain the procedural right to measure the angle of obstruction on drawings rather than on the vehicle (paragraph 6.1.5). That is an option, not an obligation.
Technical Services have discretionary power to require on‑vehicle tests in the event of doubt about drawing measurements (paragraph 6.1.5). This grants Technical Services a gatekeeping role when evidence is judged insufficient.
Type Approval Authorities have discretion to accept modifications without further testing (7.1.1) or to require further tests (7.1.2). This discretion affects the pace and cost of gaining an extension of approval.
Contracting Parties are not obliged to accept approvals granted under an older version of the Regulation if they begin applying the Regulation only after entry into force of the 01 series of amendments (12.5). Existing Contracting Parties, however, must continue to accept earlier approvals (12.4).
Operational obligations tied to measurements and geometry
Determine the three‑dimensional relationship between the vehicle reference marks and the reference grid in the manner prescribed in Annex 4 (paragraph 6.1.1).
Apply Tables I-IV to compute V points, P points and corrections (paragraphs 5.2.2, 5.3.1.1, 5.3.1.2, 5.4).
Rotate the straight lines E1‑E2 and E3‑E4 about the relevant P point until the tangent joining the A pillar outer edge is normal to the line, before measuring the angle of obstruction (paragraphs 5.5.2 and 5.5.4).
Measure obstruction angles in the inclined planes indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 2 (paragraph 6.1.4).
Consequences for failing duties
The principal consequence stated in the text is withdrawal of approval for failure to meet the conformity of production requirements (9.1). The withdrawing authority must notify other Contracting Parties using the model communication form (9.2).
Non‑conformity may therefore result in loss of market acceptance through the approval channel that facilitates cross‑border recognition among Contracting Parties.
In practice, these rights and duties create a structured interaction: manufacturers build to the numerical geometry and notify modifications, the Type Approval Authority and Technical Services decide whether further evidence or testing is needed, and conformity monitoring enforces ongoing compliance.
Penalties and enforcement
The regulatory instrument uses approval withdrawal and intergovernmental notification as its principal enforcement mechanisms, and gives inspection and testing powers to Type Approval Authorities and Technical Services. The document sets no criminal penalties or fines in the excerpt provided; enforcement operates through administrative remedies and market acceptance.
Approval withdrawal and intergovernmental notification
The explicit penalty for non‑conformity of production is withdrawal of the approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation, if the requirements of paragraph 8 (conformity of production) are not complied with (paragraph 9.1). Withdrawal is an administrative remedy that, in the UNECE context, affects the vehicle’s standing across Contracting Parties to the Agreement.
Where a Contracting Party withdraws an approval it had previously granted, it must notify other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation immediately using the communication form conforming to Annex 1 (paragraph 9.2). A withdrawal communicated in this manner will affect the acceptance of that type in jurisdictions that treat the UNECE approval as a basis for market entry.
Inspection and verification powers
The Type Approval Authority that granted approval may at any time verify the conformity of control methods applicable to each production unit (paragraph 8.3). The normal frequency of such inspections is once every two years, but the paragraph grants the Authority an ongoing verification power.
The Authority, on considering modifications (paragraph 7.1), can require "further tests or additional checks" before granting an extension of approval (paragraph 7.1.2). This gives the Authority a power to require the imposition of additional testing costs on the manufacturer as a precondition for continued approval.
Testing discretion
Technical Services may require on‑vehicle testing if measurements taken on drawings give rise to doubt (paragraph 6.1.5). This is an enforcement mechanism to ensure measurement claims are verified empirically where necessary.
Administrative tracking and traceability
The Type Approval Authority shall inform other Contracting Parties of any extension and assign a serial number to each extension (paragraph 7.3). The use of serial numbers and specified communication forms in Annexes 1 and 2 creates administrative traceability that regulators can use to monitor compliance across jurisdictions.
Transitional enforcement mechanics
Transitional provisions create staged implementation. Contracting Parties must not refuse to grant approvals under the amended Regulation from the official date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments (12.1), but after 24 months Contracting Parties shall grant approvals only if the vehicle type meets the requirements of the Regulation as amended (12.2). This staged approach gives the enforcement regime a time window to apply new technical requirements for new approvals while maintaining legal continuity for existing approvals (12.4).
Limitations and gaps within the excerpt
No direct criminal, pecuniary or other civil penalties are provided in the excerpt; enforcement is channelled through approval withdrawal and the conformity verification process. The text does not set administrative fines, product recalls, or specific remediation steps; the primary remedial lever is approval withdrawal and related intergovernmental notification.
The excerpt does not describe domestic enforcement mechanisms for a Contracting Party that opts not to rely solely on UNECE approval as the basis for national market acceptance. Such measures would be governed by national law or by other parts of the Agreement not reproduced here.
In summary, the instrument enforces compliance primarily through approval continuity and international notification, backed by inspection powers and the discretion to require further tests. The economic and market consequence of a withdrawal will be loss of the UNECE‑based approval mechanism and its cross‑border acceptability among Contracting Parties.
How it interacts with other laws
The instrument situates its technical regime within the procedural architecture of the UNECE type approval system and cross‑refers the Agreement’s general provisions, thereby producing several legal interactions that affect implementation and market acceptance.
Reference to the Agreement and Schedule 1
Paragraph 8.1 requires procedures concerning conformity of production to conform to the general provisions defined in Schedule 1 to the Agreement, identified as E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3. That cross‑reference makes the conformity obligations part of a broader regulatory architecture governing type approval across multiple UNECE Regulations. Any interpretation of conformity obligations must therefore be read in light of the Agreement’s Schedule 1 provisions, which are external to the excerpt.
Interplay with Type Approval communications and Annexes
The Regulation mandates specific communication forms appearing in Annex 1 and Annex 2 for notification of approvals, extensions, refusals or withdrawals (paragraphs 7.2-7.3, 9.2, 10). These forms are an administrative interface between this Regulation and the cross‑jurisdictional recognition mechanism under the Agreement. Compliance with these forms determines whether a Contracting Party receives and accepts information about a vehicle type in a way that impacts market access.
Transitional provisions and amendment series
The Regulation’s transitional provisions link to the "01 series of amendments" (paragraphs 12.1-12.5). These provisions create temporal obligations for Contracting Parties, requiring them to accept the amended Regulation from its entry into force, and to require new approvals to comply after a 24‑month period. This produces an interaction between the Regulation and the process for adopting amendments under the Agreement, and creates potential divergence among Contracting Parties depending on when they apply the Regulation.
Operational interaction with Annex 4 procedures
Measurement and testing procedures reference Annex 4 and its figures extensively (for example paragraphs 6.1.1, 6.1.4). Annex 4 therefore operates as a procedural rulebook within the Regulation. Where Annex 4 refers to specific measurement techniques or test equipment, those practices will interact with national accreditation rules for testing laboratories and with any mutual recognition arrangements for technical services.
Effect on national approval and market surveillance laws
While the excerpt does not specify national law, its requirements for notification, approval extension, and withdrawal are designed to feed into Contracting Parties’ national approval systems. Where a Contracting Party uses UNECE approvals as sufficient for national type approval, the communication and withdrawal mechanisms will directly affect national market access. Conversely, Contracting Parties that retain additional national requirements will need to reconcile those rules with the timelines and acceptance obligations in paragraphs 12.1-12.5.
Interdependencies with design standards and safety rules
The measured outcomes (angles of obstruction, positions of V and P points) will interact with vehicle design choices governed by other technical regulations affecting glazing, A‑pillar design, seat positioning, and occupant protection. The excerpt does not cite other specific UNECE Regulations, but the geometric and visibility outcomes may necessitate coordinated compliance across multiple rules in the vehicle type approval file.
International administrative law implications
Clause 11 requires Contracting Parties to communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of Technical Services and Type Approval Authorities. This creates an administrative network that enables cross‑jurisdictional enforcement, notification, and mutual awareness, and it ties the instrument into the Secretariat’s record‑keeping and communication functions under the Agreement.
In short, the Regulation interacts with the Agreement’s conformity procedures (Schedule 1), with the annexed technical procedures (Annex 4), and with the communication and amendment processes that govern UNECE type approval. Any practical application will therefore require simultaneous attention to the Agreement’s general provisions, Annex 4 technical methods, and the timing rules set by the 01 series of amendments.
Amendment history
The text expressly references an "01 series of amendments" and sets transitional provisions linked to that amendment series. The excerpt contains no other named amendment series or historical amendments within the text itself, and it does not provide dates for the entry into force of the 01 series of amendments.
What the instrument records
The instrument sets several transitional rules tied to the 01 series of amendments (paragraphs 12.1-12.5):
From the official date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval under this Regulation as amended by the 01 series (12.1).
From 24 months after the date of entry into force of the 01 series, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant approvals only if the vehicle type meets the requirements of the Regulation as amended by the 01 series (12.2).
Contracting Parties shall not refuse extensions of approvals for existing types granted according to the original version of the Regulation (12.3).
Type approvals to the original version shall remain valid and be accepted even after the entry into force of the 01 series of amendments (12.4).
Contracting Parties whose application of the Regulation comes into force after the entry into force of the 01 series are not obliged to accept approvals granted under the original version (12.5).
Implications of the recorded amendment mechanics
The transitional clauses create a 24‑month window for new approvals to migrate to the amended technical requirements. During that window, Contracting Parties must accept approvals under either version where relevant, but after 24 months the amended standard becomes the baseline for new approvals.
The text preserves legal continuity for existing approvals by mandating ongoing acceptance (12.4), thereby preventing immediate invalidation of existing market approvals due solely to amendment entry into force.
The asymmetric clause (12.5) allows jurisdictional variation where a Contracting Party begins applying the Regulation only after the entry into force of the 01 series; such a Contracting Party may decline to accept older approvals. That is an explicit carve‑out for later adopters and can create divergence in cross‑jurisdictional acceptance.
Absent historical data in the excerpt
The excerpt does not include the effective date of the 01 series of amendments, nor does it list prior amendment series or an amendment history table. It does not supply versioning metadata beyond the phrase "01 series of amendments."
There are no amendment notes, dates or legislative history narratives included in the provided text. The instrument therefore requires a user to consult external records (for example the official UNECE documentation or the consolidated Regulation with amendment dates) to obtain the specific calendar dates and the content change log associated with the 01 series.
Practical consequence for compliance teams
Because the excerpt ties approval practice to the 01 series of amendments and lacks calendar dates, compliance teams must verify the relevant entry into force date from the official UNECE sources and then apply the 24‑month staging rule in paragraph 12.2. The absence of that date in the text creates an administrative task of cross‑checking the amendment registry or the consolidated Regulation.
In conclusion, the instrument documents a single explicitly mentioned amendment series with detailed transitional rules, but it omits the calendar dates and other amendment history in this excerpt. Users must consult the wider UNECE amendment records to reconstruct the full amendment timeline.
Litigation history
The provided text contains no references to judicial or arbitral decisions, no citations of litigation, and no administrative case law. There are no named cases or dispute determinations in the excerpt. Therefore there is no litigation history recorded within the text itself.
Where litigation or administrative challenge could arise, given the instrument’s mechanics
Decisions by Type Approval Authorities to require further tests or to refuse/withdraw approvals (paragraphs 7.1.2, 9.1) are administrative acts that, in many legal systems, can be subject to domestic judicial or administrative review. The text grants Authorities discretion to require "further tests or additional checks" and to withdraw approvals for non‑conformity of production. Those discretionary acts are the obvious points where stakeholders might challenge procedural fairness, reasonableness, or sufficiency of evidence under domestic judicial review regimes.
Technical Services’ discretion to require on‑vehicle testing where measurements on drawings are in doubt (paragraph 6.1.5) may generate disputes about the sufficiency of drawing evidence and the cost and scope of on‑vehicle tests. A manufacturer that is compelled to undertake on‑vehicle tests could seek review of that determination under applicable administrative law, but the Regulation itself does not set a review procedure.
Interpretation of the measurement steps, the rotation of E lines, and the application of the seat‑back and horizontal adjustment corrections (Tables II-IV) could give rise to expert disputes about the correct methodology. Such disputes would likely be addressed initially within the Type Approval Authority or by re‑testing as per 7.1.2; any formal judicial record of such disputes is not provided in the excerpt.
Limitations on litigation information in the excerpt
The lack of litigation references means the text does not record precedents for interpreting ambiguous terms such as "doubt" in paragraph 6.1.5, or operational specifics like how to implement the rotation requirement in paragraphs 5.5.2 and 5.5.4. Absent such precedents, administrative practice and Technical Service guidance will likely supply the de facto standards that could later be subject to review.
Any dispute resolution or litigation concerning cross‑border recognition of approvals, or about the consequences of withdrawal notifications sent under Annex 1, would depend on national administrative and judicial bodies or on intergovernmental dispute mechanisms, none of which are covered in the provided text.
Practical note for counsel and compliance officers
Since the excerpt does not include litigation history, legal advisers must treat the text as a technical and administrative regulation whose enforceable outcomes are approvals, extensions and withdrawals. When advising clients about risk, prepare for potential administrative appeals at the national level arising from testing disputes, withdrawal of approvals, or contested interpretations of measurement methodology. Procedures and standards for such appeals will be found in national administrative law and in the practice of specific Type Approval Authorities or Technical Services, rather than in this excerpt.
Gotchas
Several practical pitfalls and potential sources of compliance error arise from the technical and administrative design of the Regulation. These are concrete execution risks that practitioners should watch for when applying the text.
Coordinate corrections can be large and non‑linear
Table IV’s horizontal and vertical corrections for seat‑back angles differ widely across the range (paragraph 5.4). For example, moving from the baseline 25° to a 5° seat‑back angle produces Δx of -186 mm and Δz of +28 mm for the left‑hand column entries. Those are substantial shifts in P and V point positions that will materially affect measured obstruction angles. Failure to apply the correct Δx and Δz for the design seat‑back angle will produce incorrect test outcomes.
Conditional application of Table III
Table III applies only when the horizontal seat‑adjustment range "exceeds 108 mm" (paragraph 5.3.1.2). Compliance requires careful determination of the actual horizontal seat‑adjustment range and mapping it into the correct band (108-120; 121-132; etc.). Misclassification by even a few millimetres may lead to an incorrect Δx being applied to P1 and P2, and therefore erroneous test results.
Ambiguity in geometric operations
Paragraphs 5.5.2 and 5.5.4 instruct rotating the E1‑E2 and E3‑E4 lines about P1 and P2 "until the tangent joining E1 to the outer edge of Section 2 of the 'A' pillar ... is normal to the straight line E1‑E2". Implementing that rotation requires precise determination of the tangent to the A‑pillar outer edge and the normal condition, which can be subject to interpretation in complex pillar geometries or in the presence of trim pieces. Testing laboratories must document methodology and tolerances carefully.
Drawing‑based measurement vs on‑vehicle testing
Paragraph 6.1.5 allows the manufacturer to measure angles on drawings, but Technical Services may require on‑vehicle tests if there is doubt. Manufacturers who rely on drawings risk incurring additional costs and delays if Technical Services later demand on‑vehicle verification. Further, drawing tolerances and scaling errors can be a source of dispute.
Discretion in extension and further testing decisions
Type Approval Authorities have discretion to decide whether modifications "have an adverse effect" on the conditions of approval and to demand further tests (paragraph 7.1.1-7.1.2). That discretion can create delay and variable outcomes across jurisdictions, and manufacturers should not assume uniform treatment across different Authorities.
Administrative formality risks
Many communications and notifications must use prescribed forms in Annex 1 or Annex 2 (paragraphs 7.2-7.3, 9.2, 10, 11). Failure to use the correct form or to include required information could lead to processing delays or non‑recognition. The text also requires the Type Approval Authority to assign serial numbers to each extension (7.3); improper serialisation complicates traceability.
Transitional acceptance asymmetry
The transitional rules require Contracting Parties applying the Regulation to accept existing approvals under the original version (12.4), but new adopters after the 01 series entry into force are not obliged to accept older approvals (12.5). This creates a risk that a vehicle compliant in one set of Contracting Parties may not be accepted in another if that other jurisdiction only began applying the Regulation after the amendment. Market access planning must account for that asymmetry.
Inspection frequency misunderstanding
Paragraph 8.3 states the "normal frequency" of conformity verification inspections shall be once every two years. "Normal frequency" is not absolute; Authorities retain the power to verify at any time (8.3). Companies should therefore prepare for unannounced or more frequent inspections.
Documentation and record‑keeping burden
The text requires that Technical Services and Type Approval Authorities be identified to the United Nations Secretariat (clause 11). Providers of technical services must maintain registration details and be prepared for administrative exchange, failing which communications about approvals and withdrawals may be misdirected.
Measurement plane and angle details
Paragraph 6.1.4 requires angle of obstruction measurements to be taken "in the inclined planes, as indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 2." Using the wrong plane, or an incorrect inclination, will invalidate the measurement result. Annex figures must be consulted and followed precisely.
These "gotchas" are sources of execution error or added cost. They arise from discrete numeric sensitivities, procedural discretion, the tension between drawing and physical testing, administrative formalities, and transition timing. Addressing them requires rigorous technical process control, explicit documentation of measurement methods, and proactive engagement with the Type Approval Authority and Technical Services.
How to comply
This section provides a practical, stepwise compliance checklist that maps the Regulation’s technical steps and administrative obligations into an operational plan. Each numbered step cites the controlling paragraph or table from the source.
Establish the three‑dimensional reference grid and R point
Follow the procedure prescribed in Annex 4 to determine the dimensional relationships between the vehicle’s primary reference marks and the three‑dimensional reference grid, as required by paragraph 6.1.1. Acquire or reproduce Annex 4 Figures 1-7 and ensure the test facility can implement the plane and longitudinal plane traces shown.
Compute base coordinates for V and P points
For a design seat‑back angle of 25°, use Table II to set P1, P2 and Pm coordinates (paragraph 5.3.1.1) and Table I to set V1 and V2 coordinates where appropriate (paragraph 5.2.2). Record the R point coordinates and the median longitudinal plane to compute Pm as "the point of intersection between the straight line joining P1, P2 and the longitudinal vertical plane passing through the 'R' point" (5.3.1.1).
Apply horizontal seat‑adjustment corrections if required
Measure the horizontal seat‑adjustment range as defined in paragraph 2.16 (not reproduced here), and if it exceeds 108 mm, apply the Δx correction from Table III corresponding to the correct band (paragraph 5.3.1.2). Record the measured range and the applied Δx adjustment.
Apply seat‑back angle corrections
Identify the design seat‑back angle and apply the horizontal coordinate (Δx) and vertical coordinate (Δz) corrections from Table IV (paragraph 5.4). Use the correct column and row for the seat‑back angle in degrees. Document the seat‑back angle used for certification and any alternative seating options.
Derive windscreen datum points from corrected V points
After applying the Table IV corrections to V points (where applicable), find the windscreen datum points using the corrected V points as prescribed in paragraph 6.1.2.
Position and rotate E lines for A‑pillar obstruction
Construct E1 and E2 as each 104 mm from P1 with E2 65 mm from E1, and construct E3 and E4 similarly from P2 (paragraphs 5.5.1 and 5.5.3).
Rotate the straight line E1‑E2 about P1 until the tangent joining E1 to the outer edge of Section 2 of the A pillar on the driver’s side is normal to E1‑E2 (paragraph 5.5.2). Do the same for E3‑E4 about P2 on the passenger side (5.5.4). Prepare photographic and dimensional evidence of the rotation and tangent condition.
Measure angles of obstruction in the correct planes
Measure the angle of obstruction in the inclined planes indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 2 (paragraph 6.1.4). Follow the substeps in 6.1.4.1 and 6.1.4.2 for A pillar measurements once E lines are set. Keep a calibration log for measurement equipment and a traceable chain of custody for measurement data.
Decide whether to measure on drawings or the vehicle
The manufacturer may measure the angle of obstruction on drawings (6.1.5), but be aware that the Technical Services may require on‑vehicle testing if they have doubts. If relying on drawings, ensure high‑resolution, scale‑verified CAD files and provide corroborative evidence to reduce the risk of a demanded on‑vehicle test.
Prepare the type approval submission and notify the Type Approval Authority
When modifications are made, notify the Type Approval Authority as required by paragraph 7.1. Include complete measurement records, test reports, CAD files, and a statement on whether corrections from Tables III and IV were applied. Anticipate either an extension without further tests (7.1.1) or a request for further tests (7.1.2).
Respond to Type Approval Authority and Technical Services requests
If the Authority requires further tests, plan for on‑vehicle testing and additional documentation. Keep tight version control on documents so that any extension issued by the Authority can be accompanied by the necessary serial number (7.3) and the Annex 2 communication form.
Implement a conformity of production regime
Design and document control methods to ensure each production unit conforms to the approved type as required by paragraph 8.2. Prepare for verification by the Type Approval Authority, which may inspect conformity control methods normally once every two years (8.3). Keep records of production checks and corrective actions.
Maintain administrative communications
Use the communication form models in Annex 1 and Annex 2 for approvals, extensions, refusals and withdrawals (paragraphs 7.2-7.3, 9.2). Ensure that the Type Approval Authority provides assigned serial numbers for extensions (7.3), and maintain a register of communications and serial identifiers for audit.
Plan for transitional rules
Verify whether the 01 series of amendments has entered into force and calculate the 24‑month compliance window in paragraph 12.2. For approvals to be granted after the 24‑month window, make sure the vehicle type meets the amended Regulation’s requirements. If the type was approved under the original Regulation, document the approval and ensure acceptance under paragraph 12.4 or be prepared for non‑acceptance where a Contracting Party applies the Regulation after the 01 series entry into force (12.5).
Establish data retention and service provider registries
Keep a detailed archive of reference grid determinations, measurement reports, E‑line rotations and seat‑adjustment records. If the manufacturer uses third‑party Technical Services, confirm those entities are correctly registered with the United Nations Secretariat if required (clause 11).
Audit readiness and dispute avoidance
Anticipate points of discretion where the Type Approval Authority or Technical Services could require more evidence, for example the drawing vs on‑vehicle measurement (6.1.5), or when establishing whether a modification affects an approval (7.1.2). Maintain conservative test evidence to reduce the chance of further tests or approval delays.
Costs and implementation burdens to budget for
Measurement equipment and laboratory time for Annex 4 procedures, potential on‑vehicle testing costs if Technical Services require them, administrative costs in preparing and tracking communication forms (Annex 1/2), documentation and CAD verification costs for drawing‑based measurements, and potential redesign costs if initial tests show unacceptable obstruction angles after applying the coordinate correction tables. Also budget for conformity verification inspections approximately every two years and for responding to any follow‑up tests required for modifications.
By following these steps and documenting each procedural decision and technical datum against the cited paragraphs and tables (in particular Tables I-IV and Annex 4 Figures 1-7), a manufacturer or compliance team will align operations with the technical and administrative requirements set by this Regulation.
5.5. Position of the E points
5.5.1. E1 and E2 points are each 104 mm from P1.
E2 is 65 mm from E1 (see Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 4).
5.5.2. The straight line joining E1 and E2 is rotated about P1 until the tangent joining E1 to the outer edge of Section 2 of the "A" pillar on the driver's side is normal to the straight line E1 - E2 (see Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 3).
5.5.3. E3 and E4 are each 104 mm from point P2. E3 is 65 mm from E4 (see Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 4).
5.5.4. The straight line E3 \- E4 is rotated about P2 until the tangent joining E4 to the outer edge of Section 2 of the "A" pillar on the passenger's side is normal to the straight line E3 - E4 (see Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 3).
6. Test procedure
6.1. Driver's field of vision
6.1.1. The dimensional relationships between the vehicle's primary reference marks and the three - dimensional reference grid shall be determined by the procedure prescribed in Annex 4.
6.1.2. The position of the points V1 and V2 is determined in relation to the "R" point as indicated by the XYZ coordinates of the three‑dimensional reference grid and are shown in Table I under paragraph 5.2.2. above and Table IV under paragraph 5.4. above. The windscreen datum points shall then be found from the corrected V points as prescribed in paragraph 5.1.1. above.
6.1.3. The relationship between the P points, the "R" point, and the centre‑line of the driver's seating position, as indicated by XYZ coordinates from the three‑dimensional reference grid, shall be determined from Tables II and III in paragraph 5.3. above. The correction for design seat‑back angles other than 25° is shown in Table IV under paragraph 5.4. above.
6.1.4. The angle of obstruction (see paragraph 5.1.2. above) shall be measured in the inclined planes, as indicated in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 2\. The relationship between P1 and P2, which are connected to E1 and E2 and E3 and E4 respectively, is shown in Annex 4, Appendix, Figure 5.
6.1.4.1. Straight line E1 - E2 shall be set as described in paragraph 5.5.2. above. The angle of obstruction of the "A" pillar on the driver's side shall be measured as specified in paragraph 5.1.2.1.1. above.
6.1.4.2. Straight line E3 \- E4 shall be set as described in paragraph 5.5.4. above. The angle of obstruction of the "A" pillar on the passenger side shall then be measured as specified in paragraph 5.1.2.1.2. above.
6.1.5. The manufacturer may measure the angle of obstruction either on the vehicle or in the drawings. In the event of doubt, the Technical Services may require the tests be carried out on the vehicle.
7. Modification of vehicle type and extension of approval
7.1. Every modification of the vehicle type as defined in paragraph 2.2. above shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority which approved the vehicle type. The Type Approval Authority may then either:
7.1.1. Consider that the modifications made do not have an adverse effect on the conditions of the granting of the approval and grant an extension of approval;
7.1.2. Consider that the modifications made affect the conditions of the granting of the approval and require further tests or additional checks before granting an extension of approval.
7.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.3. above to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation.
7.3. The Type Approval Authority shall inform the other Contracting Parties of the extension by means of the communication form which appears in Annex 2 to this Regulation. It shall assign a serial number to each extension, to be known as the extension number.
8. Conformity of production
8.1. Procedures concerning conformity of production shall conform to the general provisions defined in Schedule 1 to the Agreement (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3) and meet the following requirements:
8.2. A vehicle approved pursuant to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements of paragraph 5\. above;
8.3. The Type Approval Authority, which has granted approval, may at any time verify the conformity of control methods applicable to each production unit. The normal frequency of such inspections shall be once every two years.
9. Penalties for non‑conformity of production
9.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8\. above are not complied with.
9.2. If a Contracting Party withdraws an approval it had previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by sending them a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
10. Production definitively discontinued
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of vehicle approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the Type Approval Authority which granted the approval, which in turn shall forthwith inform the other Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
11. Names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Type Approval Authorities
The Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the Type Approval Authorities, which grant approval, and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval are to be sent.
12. Transitional provisions
12.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval under this Regulation as amended by the 01 series of amendments.
12.2. As from 24 months after the date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments to this Regulation, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant approvals only if the vehicle type to be approved meets the requirements of this Regulation as amended by the 01 series of amendments.
12.3. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not refuse to grant extensions of approvals for existing types, which have been granted according to the original version of this Regulation.
12.4. Even after the entry into force of the 01 series of amendments to this Regulation, type approvals of the vehicles to the original version of this Regulation shall remain valid. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to accept them.
12.5. Notwithstanding the transitional provisions above, Contracting Parties whose application of this Regulation comes into force after the date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments are not obliged to accept approvals, which were granted in accordance with the original version of this Regulation.
Figure 1 Figure 1
Annex 4 – Appendix
Figure 1
Determination of V points
(1) Line tracing the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
(2) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through R.
(3) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through V1 and V2.
Figure 2
Observation points of the "A" pillars
Figure 3
Angles of obstruction
Figure 4
Evaluation of obstructions in the 180° forward direct field of vision of the driver
Figure 5
Dimensional diagram showing relative positions of E points and P points
Figure 6
Level work place
Figure 7
Definition of the area "S"
(paragraph 5.1.3.2. of this Regulation)
Determination of V points Determination of V points
Determination of V points
(1) Line tracing the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
(2) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through R.
(3) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through V1 and V2.
Figure 2 Figure 2
Annex 4 – Appendix
Figure 1
Determination of V points
(1) Line tracing the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
(2) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through R.
(3) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through V1 and V2.
Figure 2
Observation points of the "A" pillars
Figure 3
Angles of obstruction
Figure 4
Evaluation of obstructions in the 180° forward direct field of vision of the driver
Figure 5
Dimensional diagram showing relative positions of E points and P points
Figure 6
Level work place
Figure 7
Definition of the area "S"
(paragraph 5.1.3.2. of this Regulation)
Observation points of the "A" pillars Observation points of the "A" pillars
Observation points of the "A" pillars
Figure 3 Figure 3
Annex 4 – Appendix
Figure 1
Determination of V points
(1) Line tracing the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
(2) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through R.
(3) Line tracing the vertical plane passing through V1 and V2.
Figure 2
Observation points of the "A" pillars
Figure 3
Angles of obstruction
Figure 4
Evaluation of obstructions in the 180° forward direct field of vision of the driver
Figure 5
Dimensional diagram showing relative positions of E points and P points
![Dimensional diagram showing relative positions of E
This is an opening excerpt, not the complete document.