This Act sets the rules for judges’ pensions and long‑leave entitlements: who qualifies, how pension rates and caps are calculated, survivor and children’s benefits, and how Family Law payment‑splits are administered. It mandates actuarial calculations for minimum benefits and lump‑sum conversions and provides that pensions are paid from the Consolidated Fund.
The Minister (with an approved actuary) makes key calculations and adjustments; pensions may be reduced or suspended if a retired judge takes certain paid judicial or public offices (for example, CCC chairperson or senior parole board member).
The Judges (Pensions and Long Leave) Act 1957 (the Act), read together with the schedule Dictionary and the amendment notes in the text, creates a statutory scheme that fixes (1) pension entitlements for Queensland judges and related survivor and children’s payments, (2) an additional leave-of-absence entitlement while in judicial office, and (3) a set of rules for how periods of prior public service are to be counted for pension and leave purposes. The Act prescribes who receives payments, how payments are calculated in key events (retirement at 70, voluntary retirement between ages 60 and 70, ill-health retirement, death in office or post-retirement death), and administrative mechanics for paying, splitting and transferring benefits where family law orders apply (Pt 2 Div 2, ss 9-14A). It also provides for minimum benefit payments decided by an actuary to avoid superannuation guarantee charge exposure (s 2C), and for the Minister to act with actuary advice in various valuation and conversion decisions (ss 2C, 8B, 12, 13).
The Act allocates payment responsibility to the Consolidated Fund (s 17(2)), requires pensions to accrue daily and be payable monthly or at other Minister-directed intervals (s 17(1)), and preserves interaction rules with other legislation, notably the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007 and the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 (s 19). The Act sets out exclusions and offsets: a retired judge’s pension may be reduced or suspended when the retired judge accepts paid judicial service in another Australian jurisdiction or certain state Commonwealth offices (s 18, s 18AA), with defined exceptions (for example, retired judges aged 65 or more, and “limited service” appointments are excepted in s 18(2)-(3)). The Act also contains procedural duties on the Minister , to approve an actuary determining a minimum benefit (s 2C), to provide information to Family Law eligible persons (s 10), and to make payments to nominated approved deposit or superannuation funds for spousal or former-spouse entitlements (ss 11-13).
Current sections
Direct links to the current provisions in Judges (Pensions and Long Leave) Act 1957.
45
pt.1
Preliminary
Preliminary
sec.1
Short title
sec.1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Judges (Pensions and Long Leave) Act 1957 .
s 1 sub 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
sec.2
Definitions
sec.2 Definitions
The dictionary in schedule 1 defines particular words used in this Act.
s 2 amd 1967 No. 40 s 9
sub 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
amd 2004 No. 42 s 7 (1) ; 2015 No. 2 s 51
Note—prev s 2 contained definitions for this Act. Definitions are now located in the schedule—Dictionary.
sec.2A
Length of service if previously an acting judge or master in Queensland
sec.2A Length of service if previously an acting judge or master in Queensland
For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, service as any of the following is to be counted as service as a judge—
an acting Supreme Court judge, other than service as a retired acting Supreme Court judge;
an acting District Court judge, other than service as a retired acting District Court judge;
a master.
s 2A ins 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
amd 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
sub 2011 No. 45 s 148
amd 2013 No. 35 s 87
(a) an acting Supreme Court judge, other than service as a retired acting Supreme Court judge;
(b) an acting District Court judge, other than service as a retired acting District Court judge;
(c) a master.
sec.2AA
Length of service if previously a judge in a court of the Commonwealth or another State
sec.2AA Length of service if previously a judge in a court of the Commonwealth or another State
This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement of this section.
For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, service as a judge, other than as an acting judge, in another Australian court before the appointment is to be counted as service as a judge.
This section does not limit the application of section 2A .
In this section—
another Australian court means a court of the Commonwealth or another State, other than a magistrates court of the Commonwealth or the other State.
s 2AA ins 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
amd 2008 No. 4 s 49
(sec.2AA-ssec.1) This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement of this section.
(sec.2AA-ssec.2) For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, service as a judge, other than as an acting judge, in another Australian court before the appointment is to be counted as service as a judge.
(sec.2AA-ssec.3) This section does not limit the application of section 2A .
(sec.2AA-ssec.4) In this section— another Australian court means a court of the Commonwealth or another State, other than a magistrates court of the Commonwealth or the other State.
sec.2AB
Length of service if previously CCC chairperson
sec.2AB Length of service if previously CCC chairperson
This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement, whether the judge was appointed before or after the commencement.
For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, a period for which the person held office as the CCC chairperson after 27 March 2015 is to be counted as service as a judge.
The period for which the person held office as the CCC chairperson after 27 March 2015 includes a period for which the person acted as the CCC chairperson that is to be counted as a period for which the person held office as the chairperson under the CC Act , section 238C (b) .
See also the CC Act , section 423 (2) .
s 2AB ins 2015 No. 2 s 52
amd 2016 No. 19 s 46 sch 1
(sec.2AB-ssec.1) This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement, whether the judge was appointed before or after the commencement.
(sec.2AB-ssec.2) For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, a period for which the person held office as the CCC chairperson after 27 March 2015 is to be counted as service as a judge.
(sec.2AB-ssec.3) The period for which the person held office as the CCC chairperson after 27 March 2015 includes a period for which the person acted as the CCC chairperson that is to be counted as a period for which the person held office as the chairperson under the CC Act , section 238C (b) . See also the CC Act , section 423 (2) .
sec.2AC
Length of service if previously senior parole board member
sec.2AC Length of service if previously senior parole board member
This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement, whether the judge was appointed before or after the commencement.
For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, a period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member after the commencement is to be counted as service as a judge.
The period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member after the commencement includes a period for which the person acted as a senior parole board member that is to be counted as a period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 238 (b) .
s 2AC ins 2017 No. 15 s 17
(sec.2AC-ssec.1) This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement, whether the judge was appointed before or after the commencement.
(sec.2AC-ssec.2) For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, a period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member after the commencement is to be counted as service as a judge.
(sec.2AC-ssec.3) The period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member after the commencement includes a period for which the person acted as a senior parole board member that is to be counted as a period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 238 (b) .
sec.2B
Salary of judges who died or retired before 1984 Amendment Act
sec.2B Salary of judges who died or retired before 1984 Amendment Act
This section applies in relation to a judge (a pre-1984 judge ) who died or retired before the commencement of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 .
For the purposes of this Act, the salary of a pre-1984 judge is the annual rate of salary that would be payable to the judge if the judge had not died or retired and the judge’s annual rate of salary were—
before 1 July 1992—the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
on and after 1 July 1992—the product of—
the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
The judge’s notional salary increase factor is the number worked out, to 2 decimal places, using the following formula—
In this section—
1991 notional salary amount , for a judge, means the annual rate of salary that would have been necessary to be payable to the judge (if the judge had not died or retired) to entitle the judge or the judge’s widow to continue to receive, or receive, pension at the same annual rate after the commencement of this section, and up to 30 June 1992, as would have been payable if the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 had not been enacted and amended this Act.
1992 notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the judge’s notional salary package amount that applied immediately before 1 July 1992.
latest notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the judge’s notional salary package amount applicable under the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007 .
notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the total of the annual rate of salary and allowances, including any general allowance and jurisprudential allowance, that would be payable to the judge or to which the judge could have become entitled, if the judge had not died or retired.
s 2B ins 1994 No. 76 s 7
amd 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
(sec.2B-ssec.1) This section applies in relation to a judge (a pre-1984 judge ) who died or retired before the commencement of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 .
(sec.2B-ssec.2) For the purposes of this Act, the salary of a pre-1984 judge is the annual rate of salary that would be payable to the judge if the judge had not died or retired and the judge’s annual rate of salary were— before 1 July 1992—the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and on and after 1 July 1992—the product of— the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
(sec.2B-ssec.3) The judge’s notional salary increase factor is the number worked out, to 2 decimal places, using the following formula—
(sec.2B-ssec.4) In this section— 1991 notional salary amount , for a judge, means the annual rate of salary that would have been necessary to be payable to the judge (if the judge had not died or retired) to entitle the judge or the judge’s widow to continue to receive, or receive, pension at the same annual rate after the commencement of this section, and up to 30 June 1992, as would have been payable if the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 had not been enacted and amended this Act. 1992 notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the judge’s notional salary package amount that applied immediately before 1 July 1992. latest notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the judge’s notional salary package amount applicable under the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007 . notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the total of the annual rate of salary and allowances, including any general allowance and jurisprudential allowance, that would be payable to the judge or to which the judge could have become entitled, if the judge had not died or retired.
(a) before 1 July 1992—the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
(b) on and after 1 July 1992—the product of— (i) the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and (ii) the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
(i) the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
(ii) the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
(i) the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
(ii) the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
sec.2BA
Salary of District Court judge if previously CCC chairperson
sec.2BA Salary of District Court judge if previously CCC chairperson
This section applies to a District Court judge if—
an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in his or her capacity as a District Court judge; and
when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , exists for the judge in his or her capacity as a former CCC chairperson (whether or not that pension has become payable under the CC Act , section 238F ).
Under the CC Act , section 238J , a pension payable in relation to a former CCC chairperson under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , stops being payable if a pension is payable in relation to the former CCC chairperson under this Act in the former CCC chairperson’s capacity as a judge.
For the purposes of this Act, the judge’s salary is the prescribed salary within the meaning of the CC Act , section 238A .
In this section—
former CCC chairperson means a person who has held office as the CCC chairperson.
s 2BA ins 2015 No. 2 s 53
amd 2016 No. 19 s 46 sch 1
(sec.2BA-ssec.1) This section applies to a District Court judge if— an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in his or her capacity as a District Court judge; and when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , exists for the judge in his or her capacity as a former CCC chairperson (whether or not that pension has become payable under the CC Act , section 238F ). Under the CC Act , section 238J , a pension payable in relation to a former CCC chairperson under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , stops being payable if a pension is payable in relation to the former CCC chairperson under this Act in the former CCC chairperson’s capacity as a judge.
(sec.2BA-ssec.2) For the purposes of this Act, the judge’s salary is the prescribed salary within the meaning of the CC Act , section 238A .
(sec.2BA-ssec.3) In this section— former CCC chairperson means a person who has held office as the CCC chairperson.
(a) an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in his or her capacity as a District Court judge; and
(b) when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , exists for the judge in his or her capacity as a former CCC chairperson (whether or not that pension has become payable under the CC Act , section 238F ).
sec.2BB
Salary of District Court judge if previously president of the Parole Board Queensland
sec.2BB Salary of District Court judge if previously president of the Parole Board Queensland
This section applies to a District Court judge if—
an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a District Court judge; and
when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , exists for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a former president (whether or not that pension has become payable under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 241 ).
Under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 242C , a pension payable in relation to a former senior parole board member under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , stops being payable if a pension is payable in relation to the former senior parole board member under this Act in the former senior parole board member’s capacity as a judge.
For this Act, the judge’s salary is the prescribed salary for a District Court judge within the meaning of the Corrective Services Act 2006 , schedule 4 .
In this section—
former president means a person who has held office as the president of the Parole Board Queensland.
s 2BB ins 2017 No. 15 s 18
(sec.2BB-ssec.1) This section applies to a District Court judge if— an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a District Court judge; and when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , exists for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a former president (whether or not that pension has become payable under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 241 ). Under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 242C , a pension payable in relation to a former senior parole board member under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , stops being payable if a pension is payable in relation to the former senior parole board member under this Act in the former senior parole board member’s capacity as a judge.
(sec.2BB-ssec.2) For this Act, the judge’s salary is the prescribed salary for a District Court judge within the meaning of the Corrective Services Act 2006 , schedule 4 .
(sec.2BB-ssec.3) In this section— former president means a person who has held office as the president of the Parole Board Queensland.
(a) an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a District Court judge; and
(b) when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , exists for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a former president (whether or not that pension has become payable under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 241 ).
pt.2
Pensions and other entitlements
Pensions and other entitlements
pt.2-div.1
General provisions
General provisions
sec.2C
Minimum benefit payable
sec.2C Minimum benefit payable
Despite any other provision of this Act, a judge who ceases to hold office is entitled to the minimum benefit (if any) decided by an actuary approved by the Minister.
The minimum benefit must be paid to an approved deposit fund, or a superannuation fund, nominated by the judge.
To remove doubt, it is declared that this section does not apply to an acting Supreme Court judge or an acting District Court judge.
In this section—
acting District Court judge includes a retired acting District Court judge.
acting Supreme Court judge includes a retired acting Supreme Court judge.
minimum benefit means the amount of payment, pension or preserved benefit entitlement that is determined to avoid payment of the superannuation guarantee charge.
superannuation guarantee charge means the charge imposed by the Superannuation Guarantee Charge Act 1992 (Cwlth) .
s 2C ins 1995 No. 27 s 8
amd 1999 No. 16 s 14 ; 2004 No. 42 s 33 sch ; 2013 No. 35 s 88
(sec.2C-ssec.1) Despite any other provision of this Act, a judge who ceases to hold office is entitled to the minimum benefit (if any) decided by an actuary approved by the Minister.
(sec.2C-ssec.2) The minimum benefit must be paid to an approved deposit fund, or a superannuation fund, nominated by the judge.
(sec.2C-ssec.3) To remove doubt, it is declared that this section does not apply to an acting Supreme Court judge or an acting District Court judge.
(sec.2C-ssec.4) In this section— acting District Court judge includes a retired acting District Court judge. acting Supreme Court judge includes a retired acting Supreme Court judge. minimum benefit means the amount of payment, pension or preserved benefit entitlement that is determined to avoid payment of the superannuation guarantee charge. superannuation guarantee charge means the charge imposed by the Superannuation Guarantee Charge Act 1992 (Cwlth) .
sec.3
Pension of judge retiring at 70
sec.3 Pension of judge retiring at 70
If a judge retires on reaching 70 after serving as a judge for not less than 5 years, the judge is, subject to subsection (2) , entitled to a pension at a rate equal to 6% of the judge’s salary for each completed year of service as a judge.
The maximum pension to which the judge is entitled is the following percentage of the judge’s salary—
if the judge retired before the enactment of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 —50%;
in any other case—60%.
s 3 sub 1967 No. 40 s 10
amd 1984 No. 10 s 3
sub 1984 No. 98 s 2
amd 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
sub 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
(sec.3-ssec.1) If a judge retires on reaching 70 after serving as a judge for not less than 5 years, the judge is, subject to subsection (2) , entitled to a pension at a rate equal to 6% of the judge’s salary for each completed year of service as a judge.
(sec.3-ssec.2) The maximum pension to which the judge is entitled is the following percentage of the judge’s salary— if the judge retired before the enactment of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 —50%; in any other case—60%.
(a) if the judge retired before the enactment of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 —50%;
(b) in any other case—60%.
sec.4
Pension of judge retiring voluntarily at or after age 60
sec.4 Pension of judge retiring voluntarily at or after age 60
Where a judge who has attained 60 years of age, but has not attained 70 years of age, retires from office (otherwise than because of permanent disability or infirmity as specified in section 5 ) after serving as a judge for not less than 10 years, the judge shall, on retiring, be entitled to an annual pension at the rate of 60% of the judge’s salary or, in the case of a judge who has retired before the passing of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 , 50% of the judge’s salary.
s 4 sub 1967 No. 40 s 11
amd 1984 No. 10 s 4 ; 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2 ; 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
sec.5
Pension of judge retiring on account of ill health
sec.5 Pension of judge retiring on account of ill health
This section applies if—
a judge retires from office and both of the following apply—
a specialist health practitioner certifies to the Minister that the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity;
the Minister is satisfied the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity; or
a judge is removed from office because of proved incapacity.
The judge is entitled to an annual pension at a rate consisting of—
75% of the maximum pension entitlement that the judge might have had under this Act if the judge had not retired because of permanent disability or infirmity or had not been removed from office because of proved incapacity; and
where the judge has served as a judge for a period in excess of 5 years—an additional 5% of the maximum pension entitlement referred to in paragraph (a) for each year of the judge’s service as a judge in excess of 5 years;
but so that the rate of the judge’s pension shall not exceed 60% of the judge’s salary.
In this section—
specialist health practitioner see the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (Queensland) , section 5 .
s 5 sub 1967 No. 40 s 12 ; 1984 No. 10 s 5
amd 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch ; 2003 No. 77 s 82 ; 2020 No. 15 s 87
(sec.5-ssec.1) This section applies if— a judge retires from office and both of the following apply— a specialist health practitioner certifies to the Minister that the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity; the Minister is satisfied the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity; or a judge is removed from office because of proved incapacity.
(sec.5-ssec.2) The judge is entitled to an annual pension at a rate consisting of— 75% of the maximum pension entitlement that the judge might have had under this Act if the judge had not retired because of permanent disability or infirmity or had not been removed from office because of proved incapacity; and where the judge has served as a judge for a period in excess of 5 years—an additional 5% of the maximum pension entitlement referred to in paragraph (a) for each year of the judge’s service as a judge in excess of 5 years; but so that the rate of the judge’s pension shall not exceed 60% of the judge’s salary.
(sec.5-ssec.3) In this section— specialist health practitioner see the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (Queensland) , section 5 .
(a) a judge retires from office and both of the following apply— (i) a specialist health practitioner certifies to the Minister that the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity; (ii) the Minister is satisfied the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity; or
(i) a specialist health practitioner certifies to the Minister that the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity;
(ii) the Minister is satisfied the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity; or
(b) a judge is removed from office because of proved incapacity.
(i) a specialist health practitioner certifies to the Minister that the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity;
(ii) the Minister is satisfied the judge’s retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity; or
(a) 75% of the maximum pension entitlement that the judge might have had under this Act if the judge had not retired because of permanent disability or infirmity or had not been removed from office because of proved incapacity; and
(b) where the judge has served as a judge for a period in excess of 5 years—an additional 5% of the maximum pension entitlement referred to in paragraph (a) for each year of the judge’s service as a judge in excess of 5 years;
sec.6
Pension of judge retiring on account of ill-health after less than 2 years’ service
sec.6 Pension of judge retiring on account of ill-health after less than 2 years’ service
s 6 sub 1967 No. 40 s 13
om 1984 No. 10 s 6
sec.7
Pension of spouse on death of judge
sec.7 Pension of spouse on death of judge
Where a judge dies before retirement, the judge’s spouse is entitled during the spouse’s lifetime—
in the case of a judge whose death occurred before the passing of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 —to an annual pension at a rate consisting of 7% of his or her salary and an additional rate of 2% of his or her salary for each complete year of service as a judge in excess of 1 year but so that the rate of annual pension shall not exceed 25% of his or her salary; or
in the case of any other judge—to an annual pension at a rate that is 50% of the rate of annual pension that would have been payable under section 5 to the judge if the judge had not died but had retired because of permanent disability or infirmity or had been removed from office because of proved incapacity.
However—
if the spouse is a de facto partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if the judge and the spouse had lived together as a couple—
for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or
for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
if the judge died leaving more than 1 spouse—
the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and
the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
Subsection (2) (a) applies despite the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 32DA (6) .
s 7 sub 1967 No. 40 s 14 ; 1984 No. 10 s 7
amd 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch ; 2002 No. 57 s 6 ; 2002 No. 74 s 48 ; 2003 No. 77 s 83
(sec.7-ssec.1) Where a judge dies before retirement, the judge’s spouse is entitled during the spouse’s lifetime— in the case of a judge whose death occurred before the passing of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 —to an annual pension at a rate consisting of 7% of his or her salary and an additional rate of 2% of his or her salary for each complete year of service as a judge in excess of 1 year but so that the rate of annual pension shall not exceed 25% of his or her salary; or in the case of any other judge—to an annual pension at a rate that is 50% of the rate of annual pension that would have been payable under section 5 to the judge if the judge had not died but had retired because of permanent disability or infirmity or had been removed from office because of proved incapacity.
(sec.7-ssec.2) However— if the spouse is a de facto partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if the judge and the spouse had lived together as a couple— for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and if the judge died leaving more than 1 spouse— the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
(sec.7-ssec.3) Subsection (2) (a) applies despite the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 32DA (6) .
(a) in the case of a judge whose death occurred before the passing of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 —to an annual pension at a rate consisting of 7% of his or her salary and an additional rate of 2% of his or her salary for each complete year of service as a judge in excess of 1 year but so that the rate of annual pension shall not exceed 25% of his or her salary; or
(b) in the case of any other judge—to an annual pension at a rate that is 50% of the rate of annual pension that would have been payable under section 5 to the judge if the judge had not died but had retired because of permanent disability or infirmity or had been removed from office because of proved incapacity.
(a) if the spouse is a de facto partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if the judge and the spouse had lived together as a couple— (i) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or (ii) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(i) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or
(ii) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(b) if the judge died leaving more than 1 spouse— (i) the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and (ii) the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
(i) the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and
(ii) the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
(i) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or
(ii) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(i) the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and
(ii) the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
sec.8
Pension of spouse on death of retired judge
sec.8 Pension of spouse on death of retired judge
If a retired judge dies leaving a spouse, the spouse is entitled to a pension at a rate equal to 50% of the judge’s notional pension.
However—
if the spouse is a husband or wife, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if his or her marriage to the retired judge happened before the judge’s retirement; and
if the spouse is a civil partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if the spouse entered into the civil partnership with the retired judge before the judge’s retirement; and
if the spouse is a de facto partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if—
the spouse was a spouse of the retired judge both when the judge retired and when the judge died; and
the retired judge and the spouse had lived together as a couple—
for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or
for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
if the retired judge died leaving more than 1 spouse—
the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and
the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
Subsection (2) (c) applies despite the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 32DA (6) .
s 8 sub 1984 No. 10 s 8 ; 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
amd 2002 No. 57 s 7 ; 2002 No. 74 s 49 ; 2011 No. 46 s 63 ; 2012 No. 12 s 59 sch pts 2 – 3 ; 2015 No. 33 s 52 (2) – (3) sch pts 2 – 3
(sec.8-ssec.1) If a retired judge dies leaving a spouse, the spouse is entitled to a pension at a rate equal to 50% of the judge’s notional pension.
(sec.8-ssec.2) However— if the spouse is a husband or wife, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if his or her marriage to the retired judge happened before the judge’s retirement; and if the spouse is a civil partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if the spouse entered into the civil partnership with the retired judge before the judge’s retirement; and if the spouse is a de facto partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if— the spouse was a spouse of the retired judge both when the judge retired and when the judge died; and the retired judge and the spouse had lived together as a couple— for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and if the retired judge died leaving more than 1 spouse— the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
(sec.8-ssec.3) Subsection (2) (c) applies despite the Acts Interpretation Act 1954 , section 32DA (6) .
(a) if the spouse is a husband or wife, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if his or her marriage to the retired judge happened before the judge’s retirement; and
(b) if the spouse is a civil partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if the spouse entered into the civil partnership with the retired judge before the judge’s retirement; and
(c) if the spouse is a de facto partner, the spouse is entitled to a pension under subsection (1) only if— (i) the spouse was a spouse of the retired judge both when the judge retired and when the judge died; and (ii) the retired judge and the spouse had lived together as a couple— (A) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or (B) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(i) the spouse was a spouse of the retired judge both when the judge retired and when the judge died; and
(ii) the retired judge and the spouse had lived together as a couple— (A) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or (B) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(A) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or
(B) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(d) if the retired judge died leaving more than 1 spouse— (i) the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and (ii) the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
(i) the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and
(ii) the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
(i) the spouse was a spouse of the retired judge both when the judge retired and when the judge died; and
(ii) the retired judge and the spouse had lived together as a couple— (A) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or (B) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(A) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or
(B) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(A) for a continuous period of at least 2 years ending on the death; or
(B) for a shorter period ending on the death, if the circumstances of the de facto relationship of the judge and the spouse evidenced a clear intention that the relationship be a long term, committed relationship; and
(i) the pensions of all the spouses are limited to the pension (the total pension ) that would have been payable had the judge died leaving only 1 spouse; and
(ii) the total pension must be apportioned between the spouses in the way the Minister considers appropriate.
sec.8A
Pension for children of deceased judge
sec.8A Pension for children of deceased judge
In this section—
child includes adopted child.
eligible child , of a judge, means—
if the judge died before retirement—a person who is under 16 years or, if the person is receiving full-time education at a school, college or university, is under 25 years and who—
is a child of the judge; or
when the judge died, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 7 ; or
if the judge died after retirement—a person who is under 16 years or, if the person is receiving full-time education at a school, college or university, is under 25 years and who—
is a child of the judge; or
when the judge retired, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 8 .
If—
a judge dies before retirement; or
a retired judge who is entitled to receive a pension under this Act dies;
pension is payable for each eligible child of the judge for use towards the child’s support and education.
The rate of pension payable for an eligible child is the following percentage of the judge’s notional pension—
if a spouse of the judge is entitled to a pension under this Act and—
there are less than 5 eligible children—12.5%; or
there are 5 or more eligible children—50% divided by the number of eligible children;
in any other case—
if there is 1 eligible child—45%; or
if there are 2 eligible children—40%; or
if there are 3 eligible children—30%; or
if there are 4 or more eligible children—100% divided by the number of eligible children.
Pension payable under this section for an eligible child is payable to—
if the child is a minor—
the parent or guardian of the child; or
such other person as the Minister directs; or
in any other case—the child.
s 8A ins 1967 No. 40 s 15
sub 1984 No. 10 s 9 ; 1992 No. 14 s 4
amd 2002 No. 74 s 50
(sec.8A-ssec.1) In this section— child includes adopted child. eligible child , of a judge, means— if the judge died before retirement—a person who is under 16 years or, if the person is receiving full-time education at a school, college or university, is under 25 years and who— is a child of the judge; or when the judge died, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 7 ; or if the judge died after retirement—a person who is under 16 years or, if the person is receiving full-time education at a school, college or university, is under 25 years and who— is a child of the judge; or when the judge retired, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 8 .
(sec.8A-ssec.2) If— a judge dies before retirement; or a retired judge who is entitled to receive a pension under this Act dies; pension is payable for each eligible child of the judge for use towards the child’s support and education.
(sec.8A-ssec.3) The rate of pension payable for an eligible child is the following percentage of the judge’s notional pension— if a spouse of the judge is entitled to a pension under this Act and— there are less than 5 eligible children—12.5%; or there are 5 or more eligible children—50% divided by the number of eligible children; in any other case— if there is 1 eligible child—45%; or if there are 2 eligible children—40%; or if there are 3 eligible children—30%; or if there are 4 or more eligible children—100% divided by the number of eligible children.
(sec.8A-ssec.4) Pension payable under this section for an eligible child is payable to— if the child is a minor— the parent or guardian of the child; or such other person as the Minister directs; or in any other case—the child.
(a) if the judge died before retirement—a person who is under 16 years or, if the person is receiving full-time education at a school, college or university, is under 25 years and who— (i) is a child of the judge; or (ii) when the judge died, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 7 ; or
(i) is a child of the judge; or
(ii) when the judge died, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 7 ; or
(b) if the judge died after retirement—a person who is under 16 years or, if the person is receiving full-time education at a school, college or university, is under 25 years and who— (i) is a child of the judge; or (ii) when the judge retired, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 8 .
(i) is a child of the judge; or
(ii) when the judge retired, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 8 .
(i) is a child of the judge; or
(ii) when the judge died, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 7 ; or
(i) is a child of the judge; or
(ii) when the judge retired, was a child of a person who, on the death of the judge, became a person entitled to receive a pension under section 8 .
(a) a judge dies before retirement; or
(b) a retired judge who is entitled to receive a pension under this Act dies;
(a) if a spouse of the judge is entitled to a pension under this Act and— (i) there are less than 5 eligible children—12.5%; or (ii) there are 5 or more eligible children—50% divided by the number of eligible children;
(i) there are less than 5 eligible children—12.5%; or
(ii) there are 5 or more eligible children—50% divided by the number of eligible children;
(b) in any other case— (i) if there is 1 eligible child—45%; or (ii) if there are 2 eligible children—40%; or (iii) if there are 3 eligible children—30%; or (iv) if there are 4 or more eligible children—100% divided by the number of eligible children.
(i) if there is 1 eligible child—45%; or
(ii) if there are 2 eligible children—40%; or
(iii) if there are 3 eligible children—30%; or
(iv) if there are 4 or more eligible children—100% divided by the number of eligible children.
(i) there are less than 5 eligible children—12.5%; or
(ii) there are 5 or more eligible children—50% divided by the number of eligible children;
(i) if there is 1 eligible child—45%; or
(ii) if there are 2 eligible children—40%; or
(iii) if there are 3 eligible children—30%; or
(iv) if there are 4 or more eligible children—100% divided by the number of eligible children.
(a) if the child is a minor— (i) the parent or guardian of the child; or (ii) such other person as the Minister directs; or
(i) the parent or guardian of the child; or
(ii) such other person as the Minister directs; or
(b) in any other case—the child.
(i) the parent or guardian of the child; or
(ii) such other person as the Minister directs; or
sec.8B
Election to take part of pension as a lump sum to meet surcharge liability
sec.8B Election to take part of pension as a lump sum to meet surcharge liability
This section applies to the following persons—
a judge to whom a pension is payable under sections 3 to 5 ;
a judge’s spouse to whom a pension is payable under section 7 ;
an eligible child of a judge to whom a pension is payable under section 8A , if the rate of pension is decided under section 8A (3) (b) .
The person may elect to be paid a lump sum instead of a part of the pension.
The maximum amount that may be paid as a lump sum under the election is the amount of the judge’s surcharge liability.
The election must be—
made in writing to the Minister; and
accompanied by a copy of the surcharge liability notice stating the amount of the judge’s surcharge liability.
The Minister must act on the election by reducing the pension by the amount of the lump sum.
The reduction must happen in the way decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary.
s 8B prev s 8B ins 1972 No. 11 s 2
amd 1974 No. 29 s 2 (1)
sub 1984 No. 10 s 10
om 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
pres s 8B ins 1999 No. 74 s 9
(sec.8B-ssec.1) This section applies to the following persons— a judge to whom a pension is payable under sections 3 to 5 ; a judge’s spouse to whom a pension is payable under section 7 ; an eligible child of a judge to whom a pension is payable under section 8A , if the rate of pension is decided under section 8A (3) (b) .
(sec.8B-ssec.2) The person may elect to be paid a lump sum instead of a part of the pension.
(sec.8B-ssec.3) The maximum amount that may be paid as a lump sum under the election is the amount of the judge’s surcharge liability.
(sec.8B-ssec.4) The election must be— made in writing to the Minister; and accompanied by a copy of the surcharge liability notice stating the amount of the judge’s surcharge liability.
(sec.8B-ssec.5) The Minister must act on the election by reducing the pension by the amount of the lump sum.
(sec.8B-ssec.6) The reduction must happen in the way decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary.
(a) a judge to whom a pension is payable under sections 3 to 5 ;
(b) a judge’s spouse to whom a pension is payable under section 7 ;
(c) an eligible child of a judge to whom a pension is payable under section 8A , if the rate of pension is decided under section 8A (3) (b) .
(a) made in writing to the Minister; and
(b) accompanied by a copy of the surcharge liability notice stating the amount of the judge’s surcharge liability.
sec.8C
Service in other jurisdictions not counted
sec.8C Service in other jurisdictions not counted
A person is not entitled to be paid a pension under this Act if—
the person’s length of service as a judge for this Act includes service as a judge in a court of the Commonwealth or another State as mentioned in section 2AA (2) ; and
in relation to the service as a judge in a court of the Commonwealth or another State, the person is or will be entitled to be paid a pension under another law.
s 8C prev s 8C ins 1974 No. 29 s 3 (1)
om 1984 No. 10 s 11
pres s 8C ins 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
(a) the person’s length of service as a judge for this Act includes service as a judge in a court of the Commonwealth or another State as mentioned in section 2AA (2) ; and
(b) in relation to the service as a judge in a court of the Commonwealth or another State, the person is or will be entitled to be paid a pension under another law.
pt.2-div.2
Provisions for agreements and court orders under Family Law Act
Provisions for agreements and court orders under Family Law Act
sec.9
Definitions for div 2
sec.9 Definitions for div 2
In this division—
agreement means an agreement mentioned in the definition entitled former spouse .
court order means a court order mentioned in the definition entitled former spouse .
entitled former spouse means a person who is entitled or conditionally entitled under an agreement, or a court order, under the Family Law Act, part VIIIB, to payment of a part of a benefit that would otherwise be payable under this Act to a retired judge.
Family Law Act means the Family Law Act 1975 (Cwlth) .
operative time , for an agreement or court order, is the time that is, under the Family Law Act, part VIIIB, the operative time in relation to the payment split or payment flag under the agreement or order.
s 9 prev s 9 om 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
pres s 9 ins 2004 No. 42 s 8
sec.10
Providing information
sec.10 Providing information
This section applies if an eligible person within the meaning of the Family Law Act , section 90MZB , applies under that section to the Minister for information about a benefit that is being paid, or may become payable, under this Act.
The Minister must give to the eligible person the information as required under the Family Law Act .
If the information is about a benefit for a judge, the information may include an accrued benefit multiple for the benefit decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary.
s 10 prev s 10 amd 1967 No. 40 s 16
om 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
pres s 10 ins 2004 No. 42 s 8
(sec.10-ssec.1) This section applies if an eligible person within the meaning of the Family Law Act , section 90MZB , applies under that section to the Minister for information about a benefit that is being paid, or may become payable, under this Act.
(sec.10-ssec.2) The Minister must give to the eligible person the information as required under the Family Law Act .
(sec.10-ssec.3) If the information is about a benefit for a judge, the information may include an accrued benefit multiple for the benefit decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary.
sec.11
Agreement or court order—minimum benefit
sec.11 Agreement or court order—minimum benefit
This section applies if—
the Minister receives an agreement or court order that relates to a person who, at the operative time for the agreement or order, is a judge; and
the benefit that becomes payable under this Act in relation to the person is a minimum benefit under section 2C .
The Minister must pay to an approved deposit fund, or a superannuation fund, nominated by the entitled former spouse for the agreement or court order the amount to which he or she is entitled under the agreement or order.
However, if the entitled former spouse does not nominate a fund for subsection (2) within 3 months after the day the minimum benefit becomes payable, the Minister must pay the amount to the scheme under the Superannuation (State Public Sector) Act 1990 on behalf of the entitled former spouse.
The Minister must reduce the benefit that, other than for the agreement or court order, would be payable under this Act in relation to the person mentioned in subsection (1) by the amount paid to the entitled former spouse.
This section does not apply to an agreement or court order if section 13 applies to the agreement or order.
s 11 prev s 11 om 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
pres s 11 ins 2004 No. 42 s 8
amd 2021 No. 20 s 59 sch 1
(sec.11-ssec.1) This section applies if— the Minister receives an agreement or court order that relates to a person who, at the operative time for the agreement or order, is a judge; and the benefit that becomes payable under this Act in relation to the person is a minimum benefit under section 2C .
(sec.11-ssec.2) The Minister must pay to an approved deposit fund, or a superannuation fund, nominated by the entitled former spouse for the agreement or court order the amount to which he or she is entitled under the agreement or order.
(sec.11-ssec.3) However, if the entitled former spouse does not nominate a fund for subsection (2) within 3 months after the day the minimum benefit becomes payable, the Minister must pay the amount to the scheme under the Superannuation (State Public Sector) Act 1990 on behalf of the entitled former spouse.
(sec.11-ssec.4) The Minister must reduce the benefit that, other than for the agreement or court order, would be payable under this Act in relation to the person mentioned in subsection (1) by the amount paid to the entitled former spouse.
(sec.11-ssec.5) This section does not apply to an agreement or court order if section 13 applies to the agreement or order.
(a) the Minister receives an agreement or court order that relates to a person who, at the operative time for the agreement or order, is a judge; and
(b) the benefit that becomes payable under this Act in relation to the person is a minimum benefit under section 2C .
sec.12
Agreement or court order—pension
sec.12 Agreement or court order—pension
This section applies if—
the Minister receives an agreement or court order that relates to a person who, at the operative time for the agreement or order, is a judge or a retired judge; and
the benefit that is being paid, or becomes payable, under this Act to the person is a pension (a relevant benefit ).
Subject to subsection (4) , the Minister must pay the entitled former spouse for the agreement or court order the proportion, stated in the agreement or order, of the relevant benefit to which he or she is entitled under the agreement or order (the spousal amount ).
The Minister must reduce the relevant benefit that, other than for the agreement or court order, would be payable under this Act to the person mentioned in subsection (1) by the spousal amount.
The Minister must pay the entitled former spouse a pension for his or her lifetime (a lifetime pension ) if the entitled former spouse elects, by written notice given to the Minister, to be paid a lifetime pension.
The notice must be given to the Minister—
if the Minister receives the agreement or court order before the relevant benefit becomes payable—within 3 months after it becomes payable; or
otherwise—within 3 months after the day the Minister receives the agreement or order.
If the entitled former spouse elects to be paid a lifetime pension, the amount of the pension must be calculated in the way decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary.
s 12 prev s 12 om 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
pres s 12 ins 2004 No. 42 s 8
(sec.12-ssec.1) This section applies if— the Minister receives an agreement or court order that relates to a person who, at the operative time for the agreement or order, is a judge or a retired judge; and the benefit that is being paid, or becomes payable, under this Act to the person is a pension (a relevant benefit ).
(sec.12-ssec.2) Subject to subsection (4) , the Minister must pay the entitled former spouse for the agreement or court order the proportion, stated in the agreement or order, of the relevant benefit to which he or she is entitled under the agreement or order (the spousal amount ).
(sec.12-ssec.3) The Minister must reduce the relevant benefit that, other than for the agreement or court order, would be payable under this Act to the person mentioned in subsection (1) by the spousal amount.
(sec.12-ssec.4) The Minister must pay the entitled former spouse a pension for his or her lifetime (a lifetime pension ) if the entitled former spouse elects, by written notice given to the Minister, to be paid a lifetime pension.
(sec.12-ssec.5) The notice must be given to the Minister— if the Minister receives the agreement or court order before the relevant benefit becomes payable—within 3 months after it becomes payable; or otherwise—within 3 months after the day the Minister receives the agreement or order.
(sec.12-ssec.6) If the entitled former spouse elects to be paid a lifetime pension, the amount of the pension must be calculated in the way decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary.
(a) the Minister receives an agreement or court order that relates to a person who, at the operative time for the agreement or order, is a judge or a retired judge; and
(b) the benefit that is being paid, or becomes payable, under this Act to the person is a pension (a relevant benefit ).
(a) if the Minister receives the agreement or court order before the relevant benefit becomes payable—within 3 months after it becomes payable; or
(b) otherwise—within 3 months after the day the Minister receives the agreement or order.
sec.13
Agreement or court order—death of judge in office
sec.13 Agreement or court order—death of judge in office
This section applies if the Minister receives an agreement or court order that relates to a person who—
is a judge at the operative time for the agreement or order; and
dies while holding office as a judge.
The Minister must pay the entitled former spouse for the agreement or court order a pension for his or her lifetime (a lifetime pension ).
The amount of the lifetime pension must be—
calculated in the way decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary; and
based on the proportion, stated in the agreement or court order, of the pension that would have been payable to the person mentioned in subsection (1) if the person had been entitled to the pension under section 5 immediately before the person’s death.
s 13 prev s 13 om 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
pres s 13 ins 2004 No. 42 s 8
(sec.13-ssec.1) This section applies if the Minister receives an agreement or court order that relates to a person who— is a judge at the operative time for the agreement or order; and dies while holding office as a judge.
(sec.13-ssec.2) The Minister must pay the entitled former spouse for the agreement or court order a pension for his or her lifetime (a lifetime pension ).
(sec.13-ssec.3) The amount of the lifetime pension must be— calculated in the way decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary; and based on the proportion, stated in the agreement or court order, of the pension that would have been payable to the person mentioned in subsection (1) if the person had been entitled to the pension under section 5 immediately before the person’s death.
(a) is a judge at the operative time for the agreement or order; and
(b) dies while holding office as a judge.
(a) calculated in the way decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary; and
(b) based on the proportion, stated in the agreement or court order, of the pension that would have been payable to the person mentioned in subsection (1) if the person had been entitled to the pension under section 5 immediately before the person’s death.
sec.14
Effect of agreement or court order on particular pensions
sec.14 Effect of agreement or court order on particular pensions
Despite section 7 or 8 , an entitled former spouse is not entitled to receive a pension under any of the provisions.
s 14 prev s 14 om 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
pres s 14 ins 2004 No. 42 s 8
sec.14A
Minister to inform entitled former spouse
sec.14A Minister to inform entitled former spouse
If the Minister receives an agreement or court order from a person other than the entitled former spouse for the agreement or order, the Minister must as soon as practicable inform the entitled former spouse of the receipt of the agreement or order.
s 14A ins 2004 No. 42 s 8
pt.3
Other matters
Other matters
sec.15
Leave of absence of judges
sec.15 Leave of absence of judges
A judge who has served as a judge for not less than 7 years is entitled to the following additional leave of absence on full pay—
for the first 7 years service as a judge—6 months;
for each subsequent completed year of service— 6 / 7 of a month.
The prescribed authority must grant leave of absence to a judge who applies for and is entitled to leave of absence under subsection (1) .
A judge must, within 3 years after completing any 7 years of service as a judge, take the leave of absence to which the judge is entitled in relation to the period of 7 years unless the prescribed authority otherwise approves.
If the judge does not take the leave within that period of 3 years or within any further period allowed by the prescribed authority, the judge forfeits all rights in relation to the leave of absence.
A judge who is entitled to additional leave of absence under subsection (1) may, with the prescribed authority’s approval, and subject to the administrative requirements of the court, take the additional leave in periods of less than 6 months.
If a judge is unable, or circumstances render it inconvenient for a judge, to take leave of absence to which the judge is entitled, the judge is entitled to receive, either during service as a judge or on retirement, an amount equal to the judge’s salary for the period of the leave.
If a judge dies before taking a period of leave of absence to which the judge is entitled, an amount equal to the judge’s salary for the period of the leave is payable to the executor or administrator of the judge’s estate.
In this section—
prescribed authority , for leave of absence to a judge, means—
the Governor in Council, if the judge is the Chief Justice and the leave of absence is more than 1 month; or
the Chief Justice, if the judge is—
the Chief Judge; or
the Chief Magistrate and paragraph (c) (i) does not apply; or
a Supreme Court judge, other than the Chief Justice; or
the Chief Judge, if the judge is—
a District Court judge who is the Chief Magistrate; or
a District Court judge, other than the Chief Judge; or
the Minister, if the judge is the Chief Justice and the leave of absence is 1 month or less.
s 15 sub 1967 No. 40 s 17
amd 1980 No. 16 s 10 ; 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2 ; 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch ; 1995 No. 24 s 15 ; 1996 No. 79 s 50 ; 2000 No. 58 s 2 sch ; 2007 No. 37 s 89 ; 2008 No. 59 s 59 ; 2010 No. 42 s 119
(sec.15-ssec.1) A judge who has served as a judge for not less than 7 years is entitled to the following additional leave of absence on full pay— for the first 7 years service as a judge—6 months; for each subsequent completed year of service— 6 / 7 of a month.
(sec.15-ssec.2) The prescribed authority must grant leave of absence to a judge who applies for and is entitled to leave of absence under subsection (1) .
(sec.15-ssec.3) A judge must, within 3 years after completing any 7 years of service as a judge, take the leave of absence to which the judge is entitled in relation to the period of 7 years unless the prescribed authority otherwise approves.
(sec.15-ssec.4) If the judge does not take the leave within that period of 3 years or within any further period allowed by the prescribed authority, the judge forfeits all rights in relation to the leave of absence.
(sec.15-ssec.5) A judge who is entitled to additional leave of absence under subsection (1) may, with the prescribed authority’s approval, and subject to the administrative requirements of the court, take the additional leave in periods of less than 6 months.
(sec.15-ssec.6) If a judge is unable, or circumstances render it inconvenient for a judge, to take leave of absence to which the judge is entitled, the judge is entitled to receive, either during service as a judge or on retirement, an amount equal to the judge’s salary for the period of the leave.
(sec.15-ssec.7) If a judge dies before taking a period of leave of absence to which the judge is entitled, an amount equal to the judge’s salary for the period of the leave is payable to the executor or administrator of the judge’s estate.
(sec.15-ssec.8) In this section— prescribed authority , for leave of absence to a judge, means— the Governor in Council, if the judge is the Chief Justice and the leave of absence is more than 1 month; or the Chief Justice, if the judge is— the Chief Judge; or the Chief Magistrate and paragraph (c) (i) does not apply; or a Supreme Court judge, other than the Chief Justice; or the Chief Judge, if the judge is— a District Court judge who is the Chief Magistrate; or a District Court judge, other than the Chief Judge; or the Minister, if the judge is the Chief Justice and the leave of absence is 1 month or less.
(a) for the first 7 years service as a judge—6 months;
(b) for each subsequent completed year of service— 6 / 7 of a month.
(a) the Governor in Council, if the judge is the Chief Justice and the leave of absence is more than 1 month; or
(b) the Chief Justice, if the judge is— (i) the Chief Judge; or (ii) the Chief Magistrate and paragraph (c) (i) does not apply; or (iii) a Supreme Court judge, other than the Chief Justice; or
(i) the Chief Judge; or
(ii) the Chief Magistrate and paragraph (c) (i) does not apply; or
(iii) a Supreme Court judge, other than the Chief Justice; or
(c) the Chief Judge, if the judge is— (i) a District Court judge who is the Chief Magistrate; or (ii) a District Court judge, other than the Chief Judge; or
(i) a District Court judge who is the Chief Magistrate; or
(ii) a District Court judge, other than the Chief Judge; or
(d) the Minister, if the judge is the Chief Justice and the leave of absence is 1 month or less.
(i) the Chief Judge; or
(ii) the Chief Magistrate and paragraph (c) (i) does not apply; or
(iii) a Supreme Court judge, other than the Chief Justice; or
(i) a District Court judge who is the Chief Magistrate; or
(ii) a District Court judge, other than the Chief Judge; or
sec.15A
Rate of accrual of entitlement relating to a judge to whom s 2AA applies if rate of accrual different to rate under s 15
sec.15A Rate of accrual of entitlement relating to a judge to whom s 2AA applies if rate of accrual different to rate under s 15
This section applies to a judge to whom section 2AA applies.
In working out an entitlement under section 15 in relation to the judge, the previous rate is to be used in relation to any period of service as a judge of another Australian court that is counted as service as a judge.
In this section—
another Australian court means a court of the Commonwealth or another State, other than a magistrates court of the Commonwealth or the other State.
previous rate means the rate at which the judge, when a judge of another Australian court, previously accrued an entitlement to additional leave of absence (however described).
s 15A ins 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
(sec.15A-ssec.1) This section applies to a judge to whom section 2AA applies.
(sec.15A-ssec.2) In working out an entitlement under section 15 in relation to the judge, the previous rate is to be used in relation to any period of service as a judge of another Australian court that is counted as service as a judge.
(sec.15A-ssec.3) In this section— another Australian court means a court of the Commonwealth or another State, other than a magistrates court of the Commonwealth or the other State. previous rate means the rate at which the judge, when a judge of another Australian court, previously accrued an entitlement to additional leave of absence (however described).
sec.16
What happens if judge removed from office
sec.16 What happens if judge removed from office
If a judge is removed from office under the Constitution of Queensland 2001 , section 61 , this Act applies only if the reason for the judge’s removal is that the judge is unable to perform the duties of the office because of proved incapacity.
However, the Governor in Council may decide that this Act applies to the judge despite subsection (1) .
s 16 ins 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
sub 1994 No. 76 s 8
amd 2003 No. 77 s 84
(sec.16-ssec.1) If a judge is removed from office under the Constitution of Queensland 2001 , section 61 , this Act applies only if the reason for the judge’s removal is that the judge is unable to perform the duties of the office because of proved incapacity.
(sec.16-ssec.2) However, the Governor in Council may decide that this Act applies to the judge despite subsection (1) .
sec.17
Payment of pensions etc.
sec.17 Payment of pensions etc.
Pensions under this Act accrue daily and are payable monthly or at such lesser intervals as the Minister directs.
Pensions under this Act, and other amounts payable under this Act, are payable out of the Consolidated Fund, which is appropriated accordingly.
s 17 sub 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
(sec.17-ssec.1) Pensions under this Act accrue daily and are payable monthly or at such lesser intervals as the Minister directs.
(sec.17-ssec.2) Pensions under this Act, and other amounts payable under this Act, are payable out of the Consolidated Fund, which is appropriated accordingly.
sec.18
Retired judge serving in judicial office
sec.18 Retired judge serving in judicial office
If, after retirement, a judge who is entitled to pension under this Act serves for a period in a judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State and receives salary for the service, then—
if the salary is equal to or more than the amount of pension that would, but for this section, be payable for the period—pension is not payable for the period; or
in any other case—the amount of that pension is reduced by the amount of the salary.
However subsection (1) does not apply to a judge if—
the judge is 65 years of age or more; or
the service by the judge in the judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State is limited service.
For subsection (2) (b) , limited service is service under any of the following—
an appointment to a judicial office if the period of service is not for more than 6 months or, if there is more than 1 period of service, the periods are not more than 6 months when aggregated in any financial year;
an appointment to a judicial office if the remuneration for the service under the appointment is based on the actual hours for which, or days on which, the judicial officer presides or sits;
an appointment to a judicial office on a part-time basis if the remuneration payable for the appointment is limited to not more than 50% of the remuneration that would be payable to a holder of the judicial office if it were an appointment on a full-time basis.
A judge is taken to be appointed in a judicial office for a period of no more than 6 months even if the judge continues to be the judicial officer so far as it is necessary to give a decision in a matter that is partly heard or standing for the decision of the judicial officer at the end of the 6 months.
To remove any doubt, it is declared that the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 does not apply in relation to this section or acts necessary to ensure compliance with this section.
In this section—
appointment includes an acting appointment.
s 18 ins 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
amd 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
(sec.18-ssec.1) If, after retirement, a judge who is entitled to pension under this Act serves for a period in a judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State and receives salary for the service, then— if the salary is equal to or more than the amount of pension that would, but for this section, be payable for the period—pension is not payable for the period; or in any other case—the amount of that pension is reduced by the amount of the salary.
(sec.18-ssec.2) However subsection (1) does not apply to a judge if— the judge is 65 years of age or more; or the service by the judge in the judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State is limited service.
(sec.18-ssec.3) For subsection (2) (b) , limited service is service under any of the following— an appointment to a judicial office if the period of service is not for more than 6 months or, if there is more than 1 period of service, the periods are not more than 6 months when aggregated in any financial year; an appointment to a judicial office if the remuneration for the service under the appointment is based on the actual hours for which, or days on which, the judicial officer presides or sits; an appointment to a judicial office on a part-time basis if the remuneration payable for the appointment is limited to not more than 50% of the remuneration that would be payable to a holder of the judicial office if it were an appointment on a full-time basis.
(sec.18-ssec.4) A judge is taken to be appointed in a judicial office for a period of no more than 6 months even if the judge continues to be the judicial officer so far as it is necessary to give a decision in a matter that is partly heard or standing for the decision of the judicial officer at the end of the 6 months.
(sec.18-ssec.5) To remove any doubt, it is declared that the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 does not apply in relation to this section or acts necessary to ensure compliance with this section.
(sec.18-ssec.6) In this section— appointment includes an acting appointment.
(a) if the salary is equal to or more than the amount of pension that would, but for this section, be payable for the period—pension is not payable for the period; or
(b) in any other case—the amount of that pension is reduced by the amount of the salary.
(a) the judge is 65 years of age or more; or
(b) the service by the judge in the judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State is limited service.
(a) an appointment to a judicial office if the period of service is not for more than 6 months or, if there is more than 1 period of service, the periods are not more than 6 months when aggregated in any financial year;
(b) an appointment to a judicial office if the remuneration for the service under the appointment is based on the actual hours for which, or days on which, the judicial officer presides or sits;
(c) an appointment to a judicial office on a part-time basis if the remuneration payable for the appointment is limited to not more than 50% of the remuneration that would be payable to a holder of the judicial office if it were an appointment on a full-time basis.
sec.18AA
Retired judge appointed as CCC chairperson or senior parole board member
sec.18AA Retired judge appointed as CCC chairperson or senior parole board member
This section applies if, after retirement, a judge who is entitled to a pension under this Act is appointed as the CCC chairperson or a senior parole board member.
The judge’s pension is not payable while the judge holds office as the CCC chairperson or senior parole board member unless the judge is 65 years of age or more.
The Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 does not apply in relation to this section or acts necessary to ensure compliance with this section.
s 18AA ins 2015 No.2 s 54
amd 2016 No. 19 s 46 sch 1 ; 2017 No. 15 s 19
(sec.18AA-ssec.1) This section applies if, after retirement, a judge who is entitled to a pension under this Act is appointed as the CCC chairperson or a senior parole board member.
(sec.18AA-ssec.2) The judge’s pension is not payable while the judge holds office as the CCC chairperson or senior parole board member unless the judge is 65 years of age or more.
(sec.18AA-ssec.3) The Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 does not apply in relation to this section or acts necessary to ensure compliance with this section.
sec.18A
Minister is manager for Commonwealth Act
sec.18A Minister is manager for Commonwealth Act
This section applies for the definition trustee in section 38 of the Commonwealth Act in relation to the scheme as a constitutionally protected superannuation fund under the Commonwealth Act .
The Minister is taken to manage the scheme.
In this section—
Commonwealth Act means the Superannuation Contributions Tax (Members of Constitutionally Protected Superannuation Funds) Assessment and Collection Act 1997 (Cwlth) .
scheme means—
the scheme established by this Act for providing pensions to judges and to their spouses and children; or
the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to members under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 and to their spouses and children because of section 587 of that Act; or
the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to members of the Land Court because of the Land Court Act 2000 , section 40 ; or
the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to a CCC chairperson, and to a CCC chairperson’s spouse and children, because of the CC Act , section 238B ; or
the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to senior parole board members, and to senior parole board members’ spouses and children, because of the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 237 .
s 18A ins 2002 No. 57 s 8
amd 2015 No. 2 s 55 ; 2016 No. 19 s 46 sch 1 ; 2016 No. 63 s 1157 sch 6 ; 2017 No. 15 s 20
(sec.18A-ssec.1) This section applies for the definition trustee in section 38 of the Commonwealth Act in relation to the scheme as a constitutionally protected superannuation fund under the Commonwealth Act .
(sec.18A-ssec.2) The Minister is taken to manage the scheme.
(sec.18A-ssec.3) In this section— Commonwealth Act means the Superannuation Contributions Tax (Members of Constitutionally Protected Superannuation Funds) Assessment and Collection Act 1997 (Cwlth) . scheme means— the scheme established by this Act for providing pensions to judges and to their spouses and children; or the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to members under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 and to their spouses and children because of section 587 of that Act; or the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to members of the Land Court because of the Land Court Act 2000 , section 40 ; or the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to a CCC chairperson, and to a CCC chairperson’s spouse and children, because of the CC Act , section 238B ; or the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to senior parole board members, and to senior parole board members’ spouses and children, because of the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 237 .
(a) the scheme established by this Act for providing pensions to judges and to their spouses and children; or
(b) the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to members under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 and to their spouses and children because of section 587 of that Act; or
(c) the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to members of the Land Court because of the Land Court Act 2000 , section 40 ; or
(d) the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to a CCC chairperson, and to a CCC chairperson’s spouse and children, because of the CC Act , section 238B ; or
(e) the scheme established by this Act as it applies for providing pensions to senior parole board members, and to senior parole board members’ spouses and children, because of the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 237 .
sec.19
Act subject to other Acts
sec.19 Act subject to other Acts
This Act has effect subject to the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007 and the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 .
s 19 (prev s 16) sub 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
renum 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
amd 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
sec.20
Regulations
sec.20 Regulations
The Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.
s 20 ins 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch
amd 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 2
pt.4
Transitional provisions
Transitional provisions
pt.4-div.1
Provision for the Statute Law Revision Act (No. 2) 1995
Provision for the Statute Law Revision Act (No. 2) 1995
sec.21
Judges’ Pensions Act 1957 references
sec.21 Judges’ Pensions Act 1957 references
In an Act or document, a reference to the Judges’ Pensions Act 1957 is a reference to this Act.
s 21 ins 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 2
pt.4-div.2
Provision for the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007, schedule 1
Provision for the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007, schedule 1
sec.22
Application of s 18
sec.22 Application of s 18
This section applies to a judge who, at the commencement of this section, was serving for a period in a judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State.
Section 18(2) to (6) does not apply to the judge in relation to that service in the judicial office.
However, if the service stops and the judge subsequently serves for another period in a judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State, section 18 applies to the judge even if the service is under an appointment to the same judicial office.
s 22 ins 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
(sec.22-ssec.1) This section applies to a judge who, at the commencement of this section, was serving for a period in a judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State.
(sec.22-ssec.2) Section 18(2) to (6) does not apply to the judge in relation to that service in the judicial office.
(sec.22-ssec.3) However, if the service stops and the judge subsequently serves for another period in a judicial office of the Commonwealth or a State, section 18 applies to the judge even if the service is under an appointment to the same judicial office.
Source text: opening excerpt
Sourced from Queensland Legislation (legislation.qld.gov.au), CC BY 4.0.
pt.1 Preliminary
Preliminary
sec.1 Short title
sec.1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Judges (Pensions and Long Leave) Act 1957 .
s 1 sub 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
sec.2 Definitions
sec.2 Definitions
The dictionary in schedule 1 defines particular words used in this Act.
s 2 amd 1967 No. 40 s 9
sub 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
amd 2004 No. 42 s 7 (1) ; 2015 No. 2 s 51
Note—prev s 2 contained definitions for this Act. Definitions are now located in the schedule—Dictionary.
sec.2A Length of service if previously an acting judge or master in Queensland
sec.2A Length of service if previously an acting judge or master in Queensland
For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, service as any of the following is to be counted as service as a judge—
an acting Supreme Court judge, other than service as a retired acting Supreme Court judge;
an acting District Court judge, other than service as a retired acting District Court judge;
a master.
s 2A ins 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2
amd 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
sub 2011 No. 45 s 148
amd 2013 No. 35 s 87
(a) an acting Supreme Court judge, other than service as a retired acting Supreme Court judge;
(b) an acting District Court judge, other than service as a retired acting District Court judge;
(c) a master.
sec.2AA Length of service if previously a judge in a court of the Commonwealth or another State
sec.2AA Length of service if previously a judge in a court of the Commonwealth or another State
This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement of this section.
For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, service as a judge, other than as an acting judge, in another Australian court before the appointment is to be counted as service as a judge.
This section does not limit the application of section 2A .
In this section—
another Australian court means a court of the Commonwealth or another State, other than a magistrates court of the Commonwealth or the other State.
s 2AA ins 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
amd 2008 No. 4 s 49
(sec.2AA-ssec.1) This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement of this section.
(sec.2AA-ssec.2) For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, service as a judge, other than as an acting judge, in another Australian court before the appointment is to be counted as service as a judge.
(sec.2AA-ssec.3) This section does not limit the application of section 2A .
(sec.2AA-ssec.4) In this section— another Australian court means a court of the Commonwealth or another State, other than a magistrates court of the Commonwealth or the other State.
Mechanically, the Act modifies how service is counted in calculating entitlements. Sections added by amendment (for example ss 2A, 2AA, 2AB, 2AC) explicitly treat prior acting appointments (in certain categories), prior service in other Australian courts (not magistrates courts), prior service as Crime and Corruption Commission chairperson and senior parole board membership as service for purposes of length-of-service calculations. The long-leave accrual formula is mechanical: first seven years yield six months’ leave; each completed subsequent year adds six-sevenths of a month (s 15(1)), with take-up scheduling, forfeiture rules and an option for leave to be paid out instead of taken (s 15(3)-(7)). Where Family Law Act splitting arrangements apply the Minister is required to pay or transfer specified amounts, subject in many cases to actuarial conversions and timing rules (ss 9-14A). The Act also contains transitional provisions (ss 21-22) that operate to treat earlier statutory references as references to this Act and to preserve some grandfathered treatment of judges serving at the time of particular changes (s 22).
Throughout, the Act vests several discretionary or technical decisions with the Minister, often to be exercised with actuarial advice (notably s 2C(1)-(2), s 8B(6), s 12(6), s 13(3)), and identifies specific decision-makers for leave approval depending on the office held (s 15(8)). It also carves out the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 from applying in respect of enforcement of some provisions (s 18(5), s 18AA(3)), which affects how some age or office-related treatment is implemented.
This section sets out the Act’s mechanical effects. Later sections unpack key concepts, affected parties, decision points, enforcement mechanics, statutory interactions, amendment and litigation history as present in the statutory text, practical pitfalls and compliance steps.
Main concepts
The Act’s operative vocabulary and constructs determine entitlement, timing and calculation. Core statutory concepts include:
“Judge” and counting of service. The Act treats different types of judicial and quasi-judicial service as counting for pension and leave in specific ways. Section 2A directs that service as an acting Supreme Court judge (not a retired acting judge), acting District Court judge (not a retired acting District Court judge) and as a master are to be counted as service as a judge for the purposes of the Act. Section 2AA provides that, for persons serving after that section’s commencement, service as a judge (other than as an acting judge) in a court of the Commonwealth or another State (other than magistrates courts) before appointment is also to be counted. Sections 2AB and 2AC add specified prior non-judicial public offices (CCC chairperson and senior parole board member) to be counted as judge service for persons serving after the relevant commencements.
Pension formulas and caps. Retirement pensions are formulaic. A judge retiring on reaching 70 with at least five years’ service is entitled to 6% of salary for each completed year of service, capped at a maximum percentage (s 3). The maximum differs by date/circumstance: 50% for judges who retired before the 1984 Amendment Act, otherwise 60% (s 3(2)). A judge voluntarily retiring aged 60-70 with at least ten years’ service gets 60% of salary (50% for those who retired before the 1984 Amendment) (s 4). Ill-health retirement and removal for proved incapacity trigger a different, step-linked calculation set out in s 5; the statutory formula applies specialist health practitioner certification and Ministerial satisfaction as preconditions (s 5(1)-(2).
Survivor and children’s entitlements. Spouses and eligible children have quantified entitlements: spouses of judges dying before retirement have an entitlement under s 7, differentiated by pre-1984 or later deaths; spouses of retired judges get 50% of the judge’s notional pension (s 8). Section 8A sets out children’s pensions with percentage allocations of the judge’s notional pension depending on the number of eligible children and whether a spouse is also receiving a pension. The Act defines eligible children (age thresholds and full-time education condition) and specifies payment recipients for minors (s 8A).
Minimum benefit to avoid superannuation guarantee charge. Section 2C empowers an actuary (approved by the Minister) to decide a minimum benefit payable to a judge who ceases office, the minimum being the amount needed to avoid imposition of the Superannuation Guarantee Charge. The minimum benefit must be paid to an approved deposit fund or a superannuation fund nominated by the judge. Section 11 governs spousal splitting when the benefit is a minimum benefit.
Interaction with Family Law property splitting. The Act contains an explicit division (Pt 2 Div 2, ss 9-14A) that implements Family Law Act part VIIIB splitting and flagging mechanisms: defined operative time, duties to provide information on request (s 10), and obligations on the Minister to pay or convert pension proportions into lifetime pensions or lump sums following an agreement or court order (ss 11-13). Actuarial advice is required for conversions (ss 8B, 12, 13).
Leave accrual and administrative authorities. Section 15 sets a precise accrual mechanism for additional leave on full pay: six months for the first seven years and 6/7 of a month for each subsequent completed year. The prescribed authority that must approve and grant the leave depends on office (s 15(8)), with the Governor in Council, Chief Justice, Chief Judge or Minister named for different offices.
Offsets when retired judges do paid judicial work. Section 18 contains an offset rule: a retired judge receiving salary for post-retirement judicial service in another State or Commonwealth court faces suspension or reduction of pension depending on relative amounts, with exceptions for judges aged 65 or older and for “limited service” (s 18(1)-(3)). “Limited service” is specifically defined in s 18(3)(a)-(c).
Ministerial management and actuarial advice. The Minister is central: the Minister approves actuaries for minimum benefits (s 2C), must be satisfied in ill-health retirements (s 5), must convert and reduce pensions under Family Law splitting with actuary advice (ss 8B, 12, 13), and is taken to manage the scheme for the Commonwealth Act’s definition of trustee (s 18A). Payments are made out of the Consolidated Fund (s 17(2)).
Non-application of Anti-Discrimination Act in particular sections. Sections 18(5) and 18AA(3) expressly declare the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 does not apply in relation to those provisions or acts necessary to ensure compliance with them.
These concepts are implemented by mechanical rules, administrative duties and actuarial conversions throughout the Act. Where the Act gives a monetary entitlement it typically specifies rate, eligibility conditions, nexus to service length, and maximum caps. Where conversion from one form of payment to another is contemplated (for example, lifetime pension elections under family-law splitting), the Act makes actuarial calculation central and gives the Minister the implementing role.
Who it affects
The Act’s primary beneficiaries are judges of Queensland courts, retired judges, and designated comparable office-holders whose service may be counted as judge service under the Act. It also affects spouses, civil partners and de facto partners of judges, eligible children of judges, the Minister administratively responsible for payments, and the Consolidated Fund as the funding source for payments.
Judges and prospective judges. The Act determines pension and leave entitlements for judges who retire at statutory ages, retire voluntarily between 60 and 70, retire for ill health, or are removed for proved incapacity (ss 3-5, 16). Counting provisions in ss 2A, 2AA require administrators to include certain prior acting appointments, other-state judicial service (other than magistrates courts), holding of certain public offices (CCC chairperson, senior parole board member), and service as a master when computing length of service and leave accrual. Section 2B and ss 2BA-2BB set out special salary-notional calculations and salary definitions in limited factual scenarios affecting pension calculations (for pre-1984 judges and judges who were CCC chairpersons or parole board presidents).
Spouses, civil partners, de facto partners and eligible children. Sections 7 and 8 define spouse entitlements on death of a judge before or after retirement with conditions that marriages or civil partnerships must have been established before retirement (s 8(2)(a)-(b)) and de facto partner claims must meet cohabitation/time thresholds (ss 7(2), 8(2)(c)). Section 8A prescribes children’s payment rates, transmits them to parents or guardians for minors, and sets age / education cut-offs for being an eligible child.
Former spouses and Family Law participants. Pt 2 Div 2 (ss 9-14A) directly affects persons entitled under a Family Law agreement or order (an “entitled former spouse”). The Minister must provide information (s 10) and implement payment splits (ss 11-13). The Act prescribes the operative time concept and places time-critical obligations on entitled former spouses to elect lifetime pensions (s 12(4)-(5)). If a judge’s entitlement is a minimum benefit, the Minister must pay the entitled former spouse’s share to a nominated approved deposit fund or, failing nomination within three months, into the Superannuation (State Public Sector) scheme on the entitled former spouse’s behalf (s 11(2)-(3)).
Retired judges who take paid judicial service elsewhere and holders of other government offices. Section 18 affects retired judges who accept paid judicial office of the Commonwealth or another State: their pensions may be suspended or reduced, except where they are 65 or older or the service is “limited service” as defined (s 18(2)-(3)). Section 18AA treats retired judges appointed as CCC chairperson or senior parole board members: pensions are not payable while holding those offices unless the judge is 65 years or older (s 18AA(2)). The Anti-Discrimination Act is declared inapplicable in respect of these provisions (s 18(5), s 18AA(3)).
The Minister, actuarial advisers and the public purse. The Minister is the decision-maker and administrator: approving actuaries (s 2C), receiving agreements and orders (ss 11-13), deciding actuarial conversion methods and reductions (ss 8B, 12, 13), and managing the scheme for Commonwealth Act purposes (s 18A). Pensions and other payments are charged on the Consolidated Fund (s 17(2)), so the statewide budget bears the financial cost.
Administrators and the judiciary’s prescribed authorities. Various “prescribed authorities” are named for leave approvals (s 15(8)), changing who grants leave depending on judicial office (Governor in Council for Chief Justice for leaves over one month, Chief Justice for Supreme Court judges other than Chief Justice, Chief Judge for District Court judges and others, Minister for certain Chief Justice short leaves). The designated authority must grant leave when the statutory conditions are met (s 15(2)).
The Act therefore concentrates direct financial and status benefits on judges and their immediate families, assigns administrative responsibilities to the Minister and prescribed judicial authorities, and places a funding obligation on the Consolidated Fund. Persons engaged in family-property litigation under the Family Law Act are affected through information rights (s 10) and through the Minister’s obligation to effect payment or conversion under family agreements or court orders (ss 11-13). Those administrators must track operative time and notify or pay nominees within statutory timeframes.
Key duties and rights
Rights established by the Act are mostly monetary entitlements and leave rights; duties fall on the Minister, judges, prescribed authorities, and entitled former spouses under family law splits.
Key rights
Pension entitlements on retirement:
Retiring at 70 after at least 5 years’ service: entitlement to a pension of 6% of salary for each completed year of service, with a maximum of 60% (50% for pre-1984 retirees) (s 3).
Voluntary retirement between ages 60 and 70 after at least 10 years’ service: entitlement to a pension at the rate of 60% of salary (50% for pre-1984 retirees) (s 4).
Ill-health retirement or removal for proved incapacity: entitlement as set out by s 5 (75% of maximum entitlement plus additional 5% per year of service in excess of five years, capped at 60% of salary), subject to specialist health practitioner certification and Ministerial satisfaction (s 5(1)-(2)).
Spouse of a retired judge is entitled to 50% of the judge’s notional pension (s 8(1)), subject to timing conditions for marriage, civil partnership or de facto relationship (s 8(2)).
Surviving spouse of a judge who dies before retirement has a specific percentage-based entitlement (s 7).
Eligible child entitlement: specific percentage allocations of the judge’s notional pension depending on spouse entitlement and number of children (s 8A).
Minimum benefit right: any judge who ceases office is entitled to a minimum benefit (if any) decided by an actuary approved by the Minister, aimed at avoiding the superannuation guarantee charge (s 2C(1)-(2)). Payment must be to an approved deposit or superannuation fund nominated by the judge (s 2C(2)).
Leave entitlement: judges who have served at least seven years are entitled to additional leave on full pay calculated by a fixed formula and must take it within three years after each seven-year completion unless the prescribed authority otherwise approves (s 15(1)-(4)).
Family Law elections: an entitled former spouse may elect to receive a lifetime pension under ss 12-13 by giving written notice within the statutory windows; the amount must be actuarially calculated (s 12(4)-(6); s 13(2)-(3)).
Key duties
Ministerial duties:
Approve an actuary who decides a minimum benefit and to act on actuarial advice for conversions and reductions (s 2C(1); ss 8B(6), 12(6), 13(3)).
Pay pensions and other amounts from the Consolidated Fund (s 17(2)) and make transfers to approved deposit or superannuation funds where appropriate (s 2C(2); s 11(2)).
Provide information when a Family Law Act eligible person applies under s 90MZB (Cwlth) and include an accrued benefit multiple if asked for a judge’s benefit (s 10).
Reduce a pension where an election to receive a lump sum is made to meet an Australian Taxation Office surcharge liability (s 8B(5)-(6)).
When the Minister receives a family agreement or court order, pay the spousal portion and reduce the judge’s benefit accordingly (ss 11-13) and inform entitled former spouses promptly if the Minister receives a document from someone other than the entitled former spouse (s 14A).
Judges’ duties or procedural obligations:
Judges must nominate an approved deposit or superannuation fund for the minimum benefit (s 2C(2)), and where family-law splitting applies, the judge (or the entitled former spouse) must operate within the election and nomination timeframes set out in the family-law provisions (ss 11-13).
Judges who are eligible for leave must take such leave within three years after any seven-year service block unless otherwise approved (s 15(3)).
Entitled former spouse’s duties and election deadlines:
If the entitled former spouse wishes a lifetime pension, the election must be made within 3 months after the benefit becomes payable (if the Minister received the order before benefit payment) or within 3 months after the Minister receives the order (s 12(5)).
If the entitled former spouse does not nominate a fund within three months for minimum benefit payments, the Minister must pay into the Superannuation (State Public Sector) scheme on that person’s behalf (s 11(3)).
Administrative obligations of prescribed authorities for leave: the prescribed authority must grant leave where a judge applies and meets entitlement conditions (s 15(2)); the prescribed authority must also grant approvals for how leave can be taken in periods smaller than six months (s 15(5)).
Decision points and standards
Conditioned decisions. Several entitlements are conditional on objective events and subjective satisfaction: ill-health retirement requires a specialist health practitioner certificate and Ministerial satisfaction (s 5(1)); minimum benefit requires approval of an actuary by the Minister (s 2C); the conversion of spousal shares to lifetime pensions is on the advice of an actuary (ss 12(6), 13(3)).
Defined exceptions and precise definitions. The Act defines “limited service” for the section 18 exceptions; names authorities who decide and authorise leave (s 15(8)); lists which prior offices count for length of service in particular circumstances (ss 2A, 2AA, 2AB, 2AC). These definitions materially determine rights and administrative duties.
The Act therefore sets out a mixture of bright-line quantitative entitlements and discretionary implementational duties vested in the Minister and prescribed judicial officers, with actuarial calculation playing a central operational role in valuation and conversion steps.
Penalties and enforcement
The Act does not create criminal offences or civil penalty provisions separate from the ordinary criminal or administrative law framework. Rather, enforcement of the Act’s entitlements and duties is achieved through administrative obligation, payment mechanics and the operation of other statutory regimes.
Payment and enforcement mechanics
Payment from Consolidated Fund. The Act mandates that pensions and other amounts payable under the Act are payable out of the Consolidated Fund (s 17(2)). This places primary financial enforcement responsibility on the State through appropriation mechanisms rather than a private enforcement remedy against the Minister or another official. The statutory obligation binds the Executive as to funding but does not, within the Act’s text, prescribe a private right to compel immediate payment beyond ordinary judicial review and statutory enforcement options.
Ministerial duty to act on family-law instruments. The Act imposes duties on the Minister to pay or transfer amounts where the Minister receives an agreement or court order (ss 11-13). Failure to comply with those duties could attract administrative law remedies (for example, mandamus or declaratory relief) but the Act itself does not specify a penalty for non-compliance.
Forfeiture mechanism. Section 15(4) creates a statutory forfeiture if a judge does not take leave within the specified three-year window (or any further period allowed). The forfeiture operates as a self-executing loss of entitlement rather than a separate sanction; the judge loses rights to the leave entitlement.
Election time limits. The Act creates hard time limits for entitled former spouses wishing to elect lifetime pensions or for judges or spouses to nominate funds to receive minimum benefits. Failure to make timely elections or nominations changes the form and destination of payments (for example, s 11(3) requires the Minister to pay minimum-benefit shares into the Superannuation (State Public Sector) scheme if an entitled former spouse fails to nominate a fund within three months).
Offsets for post-retirement paid service. The statutory offset in s 18 functions as an enforcement mechanism on continued benefit receipt: pensions are reduced or not payable at all where salary for post-retirement judicial service equals or exceeds the pension amount, and the Act supplies definitional boundaries for limited service exceptions.
No express criminal or pecuniary penalties are contained in the Act for malicious or fraudulent conduct. The Act’s enforcement levers are therefore administrative: (1) statutory payment and reduction rules that automatically alter entitlements when conditions are met; (2) time-limited elections and nominations with default consequences; (3) the Minister’s duty to act on family-law instruments with actuarial calculations determining amounts; and (4) possible judicial review or civil court actions to enforce statutory duties where administrative action is defective or withheld. The Act gives the Minister actuarial discretion or appointing power (for example in s 2C), but does not provide an internal appeal mechanism against actuarial determinations,rights to challenge those determinations would rest on general administrative-law grounds such as legality, reasonableness or procedural fairness where applicable.
The Act also explicitly removes the application of the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 in respect of certain provisions (s 18(5) and s 18AA(3)). That removes a potential avenue of enforcement under anti‑discrimination statutes in disputes arising from the operation of the pension suspension or non‑payment rules for certain re‑engagements.
Procedural enforcement risks therefore rest with timely compliance (nominating funds, making election notices), the Minister’s proper exercise of duties (acting on agreements and orders, approving actuaries), and the statutory default consequences of non‑compliance rather than a penalty‑based enforcement regime.
How it interacts with other laws
The Act contains multiple explicit cross-references and interaction rules with Commonwealth and State laws. Those interactions determine eligibility, counting of service, fund treatment, and the Minister’s managerial duties.
Family Law Act 1975 (Cwlth)
Splits and operative time. Part 2 Div 2 (ss 9-14A) is dedicated to implementing Family Law Act (Cwlth) part VIIIB splitting orders and agreements. The Act defines “entitled former spouse” and “operative time” so that the Minister can identify which Family Law property-splitting provisions apply (s 9). Section 10 mandates the Minister provide information required under the Family Law Act to eligible applicants, and allows an accrued benefit multiple to be provided for a judge’s benefit on actuary advice.
Commonwealth superannuation taxation and Commonwealth Act
Management for Commonwealth Act. Section 18A takes the Minister as the manager for the definition “trustee” in section 38 of the Superannuation Contributions Tax (Members of Constitutionally Protected Superannuation Funds) Assessment and Collection Act 1997 (Cwlth), meaning the scheme is treated as a constitutionally protected superannuation fund under federal tax rules and the Minister acts in the role relevant to Commonwealth reporting and withholding rules under that Commonwealth Act. This is an explicit statutory cross-jurisdictional accommodation.
Superannuation Guarantee Charge and superannuation law
Minimum benefit to avoid SG charge. Section 2C sets the minimum benefit so as to avoid the Superannuation Guarantee Charge (as defined in that section by reference to the Commonwealth Superannuation Guarantee Charge Act 1992), and requires payment to approved deposit or superannuation funds. Section 11(3) contains a default payment route to the Superannuation (State Public Sector) Act 1990 scheme where an entitled former spouse fails to nominate a fund.
Judicial Remuneration Act 2007 and Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991
Priority and subject-to rules. The Act expressly has effect subject to the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007 and the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 (s 19). Various salary and “notional salary” references cross-reference other legislation, notably in s 2B (notional salary calculations for pre-1984 judges referencing the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007) and in ss 2BA-2BB where prescribed salary definitions are taken from the CC Act or the Corrective Services Act 2006 for particular pension computation contexts.
Crime and Corruption Act and Corrective Services Act
Counting CCC chairperson and senior parole board service. Sections 2AB and 2BA interact with the Crime and Corruption Act (CC Act) to count a period as judge service for judges who previously held the CCC chairperson office; s 2AB references CC Act s 238C(b) and s 423(2). Section 2BA refers to CC Act s 238A for the definition of “prescribed salary”. Section 2AC and 2BB make parallel references to the Corrective Services Act 2006 for senior parole board members and the prescribed salary definitions and pension-stopping rules (s 2BB referencing s 241 and 242C of the Corrective Services Act).
Anti-Discrimination Act 1991
Non-application carved out. Sections 18(5) and 18AA(3) expressly declare the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 does not apply in relation to s 18 and s 18AA or in respect of acts necessary to ensure compliance with those sections. That is a specific exclusion from a State anti-discrimination scheme in respect of pension suspension or non-payment when retired judges take certain offices or paid judicial service.
Industrial Relations and other Acts that import the scheme
Broader application as scheme for other members. Section 18A lists that the scheme established by the Act also applies in certain ways under different Acts: as it applies to members under the Industrial Relations Act 2016 (s 587), members of the Land Court because of the Land Court Act 2000 (s 40), to CCC chairpersons under the CC Act (s 238B), and to senior parole board members under the Corrective Services Act 2006 (s 237). These cross-references integrate the pension scheme into other personnel frameworks.
Family Law procedural interaction and Commonwealth tax/retirement rules
Actuarial conversions and taxation. The Minister must act on actuarial advice when converting spousal shares into lifetime pensions or reducing pensions to pay lump sums to meet surcharge liability (ss 8B(6), 12(6), 13(3)). The Act’s allocation of the Minister as scheme manager for Commonwealth superannuation tax purposes (s 18A) ensures reporting and withholding interaction with Commonwealth tax rules.
Transitional interaction
Transitional sections (ss 21-22) map earlier statutory references to this Act and preserve certain non-application of s 18(2)-(6) in relation to judges serving at the relevant commencement dates (s 22), affecting how the Act’s offsets operate during transitional periods.
In short, the Act is designed to be read alongside federal superannuation and family law regimes, and other State statutes governing judicial remuneration and certain public offices; it makes specific statutory accommodations (Minister as manager, prescribed fund defaults, actuarial advice requirements and exemptions from particular State anti-discrimination protections) to coordinate with those regimes. Where the Act requires actuarial valuations or conversions it implies the need to comply with both State administrative law principles and relevant Commonwealth taxation and superannuation rules.
Amendment history
The statutory text contains inline amendment annotations that record the Act’s legislative history as reflected in its current consolidated form. The Act has been amended at various times; the text supplied includes amendment attributions after many provisions. The following is a synthesis of the amendment annotations appearing in the text itself. These notes do not purport to be a complete legislative history beyond that presented in the supplied text; they summarise the statutory annotations that appear alongside sections.
Early consolidations and amendments. The Act was originally the Judges’ Pensions Act 1957 (s 1 indicates the short title). Amendments and consolidations are recorded in multiple later entries (for example, s 1 is annotated “s 1 sub 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2”).
Additions of counting-of-service provisions. Section 2A (counting prior acting judge and master service) was inserted by 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2 and amended by later instruments (2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1; 2011 No. 45 s 148; 2013 No. 35 s 87). Section 2AA (counting prior judge service in other Australian courts) was inserted by 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1 and amended 2008 No. 4 s 49. Sections 2AB and 2AC (counting CCC chairperson and senior parole board member service) were inserted by 2015 No. 2 s 52 and 2017 No. 15 s 17 respectively, with later related amendments (see annotations 2016 No. 19 s 46 sch 1 for 2AB; 2017 No. 15 s 17 for 2AC).
Pre-1984 salary and notional salary rules. Section 2B (salary of judges who died or retired before the 1984 Amendment Act) was inserted 1994 No. 76 s 7 and later amended (2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1).
Minimum benefit and family-law interaction. Section 2C (minimum benefit payable) was inserted 1995 No. 27 s 8, with subsequent amendments (1999 No. 16 s 14; 2004 No. 42 s 33 sch; 2013 No. 35 s 88). The Family Law‑related division (ss 9-14A) appears to have been reinserted or significantly revised in 2004 No. 42 s 8 (the consolidated text marks many pt 2 Div 2 provisions as “pres s … ins 2004 No. 42 s 8”).
Retirement-age, ill-health and spouse/children provisions. Foundational provisions (ss 3-8A) contain a mixture of historical amendments; for instance, s 3 notes changes in 1984 (1984 No. 10 s 3), and s 5 shows amendments extending to 2020 No. 15 s 87 that affect health‑practitioner references.
Family Law payments and actuarial conversion. Sections 8B-14A have insertion and amendment annotations primarily referencing 1999 No. 74 s 9 (s 8B), 2004 No. 42 s 8 (many of the family-law provisions), and later tweaks such as 2021 No. 20 s 59 sch 1 (s 11 amendments).
Leave of absence accrual and eligibility. Section 15 contains amendment annotations across decades: 1980 No. 16 s 10; 1991 No. 68 s 111 sch 2; 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch; 1995 No. 24 s 15; 1996 No. 79 s 50; 2000 No. 58 s 2 sch; 2007 No. 37 s 89; 2008 No. 59 s 59; 2010 No. 42 s 119. Section 15A (special accrual if s 2AA applies) was inserted by 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1.
Interaction with removals from office and Governor in Council discretion. Section 16 was inserted 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch and later amended 1994 No. 76 s 8 and 2003 No. 77 s 84.
Payment mechanics and deductions for post-retirement service. Section 17 updated 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch to modernise payment intervals and Consolidated Fund appropriation. Section 18 on retired judges serving in judicial office was inserted 1992 No. 14 s 2 sch, amended 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1.
Recent additions regarding CCC chairperson and parole board. Sections 18AA and related provisions were inserted by 2015 No. 2 s 54 and later amended 2016 No. 19 s 46 sch 1; s 18A (Minister is manager for Commonwealth Act) was inserted 2002 No. 57 s 8 and subsequently amended across 2015-2017.
Transitional provisions. Sections 21 and 22 were added in 1995 No. 58 s 4 sch 2 and 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1 respectively to address renaming and transitional operation of s 18.
The Act’s text therefore reveals an accretion of amendments spanning at least the 1980s through the 2010s, addressing technical pension‑valuation issues, counting of prior service from other offices, segmentation for family-law property-splitting, and interface with Commonwealth tax and superannuation rules. The supplied annotations should be used as the authoritative list of insertions and amendments in this note; any further or more granular legislative history beyond these inline annotations should be sourced from official parliamentary records or the consolidated statute database.
Litigation history
The statutory text provides no case law citations or recorded judicial constructions within its body. There are no cases named or summarised in the statute as printed. That absence means that, based solely on the text provided, there is no internal litigation history recorded within the Act. The Act nevertheless contains multiple provisions that present natural points for litigation and judicial review; the following identifies statutory loci where disputes might arise and where courts could be asked to resolve legal uncertainties, strictly on the basis of the Act’s text.
Potential disputes grounded in the Act’s language
Ministerial satisfaction in ill-health retirement (s 5). Section 5 conditions a judge’s ill-health pension on two things: a specialist health practitioner’s certificate and the Minister being “satisfied” that the retirement is because of permanent disability or infirmity (s 5(1)(a)-(b)). That combination of an expert certificate and a Ministerial evaluative satisfaction could prompt judicial review litigation where a judge disputes the Minister’s decision not to accept the certificate or not to be satisfied. The Act does not specify the standard or process by which the Minister must reach that satisfaction.
Actuarial calculations and discretionary advice (ss 2C, 8B, 12, 13). The Act repeatedly requires actuarial advice and permits the Minister to act on that advice to determine minimum benefits and to convert portions of pension into lump sums or lifetime pensions (for example ss 2C(1), 8B(6), 12(6), 13(3)). Disputes may arise over the methodology, assumptions, or correctness of actuarial conversions and whether the Minister properly followed statutory duties in appointing/considering actuarial advice.
Family Law operative time and spousal entitlements (ss 9-14A). Determinations of operative time under the Family Law Act have property consequences. The Act makes the Minister an implementing actor for court orders and agreements; litigation could arise over whether the Minister correctly applied a Family Law order, whether the entitled former spouse’s election was timely and valid, and whether the Minister’s actuarial conversion meets the Act’s requirements.
Counting of prior service under ss 2A, 2AA, 2AB, 2AC. Disputes may occur over whether particular prior service counts as judge service: for example, whether a period was acting service that is excluded because it was “retired acting” service, whether prior service in another Australian court is properly counted (s 2AA(2) excludes magistrates courts), or whether time as CC chairperson or senior parole board member qualifies. These are primarily fact-sensitive and statutory-interpretation issues.
Pension offsets and “limited service” exceptions (s 18). Determining whether a post-retirement appointment is “limited service” as defined in s 18(3) may be contestable, and whether the salary equals or exceeds the pension for suspension of payments under s 18(1) could produce disputes about salary calculations, dates, and aggregation rules for multiple short-term appointments in a financial year.
Spouse and de facto relationship thresholds (ss 7-8). The Act treats spouses, civil partners and de facto partners differently and places conditions on de facto partner claims (for example, the two-year cohabitation threshold or clear intention of a long-term committed relationship) (s 7(2), s 8(2)(c)). Litigation could focus on whether the relationship met the statutory tests at the relevant times.
Failure to receive ministerial information (s 10). Where an eligible person under the Family Law Act requests information and the Minister fails to provide the required documentation (including an accrued benefit multiple where appropriate), a court could be asked to compel the provision of information.
Forfeiture and leave payment (s 15). The operation of the forfeiture rule for leave not taken within three years could give rise to disputes about whether the prescribed authority approved an extension, or about computation of the leave accrual.
Because the Act does not itself name any cases or provide judicial gloss, those potential litigation points are identified from the text as natural candidates for judicial resolution under general administrative-law principles, statutory interpretation, or application of family law. For any concrete account of litigation, decisions, or judicial interpretations of these provisions, one would need to consult reported decisions and consolidated legal databases; none are cited within the statute as supplied.
Gotchas
The Act contains a number of statutory features and procedural traps that can produce unintended outcomes if not handled precisely. The following are practical “gotchas” grounded in the text, identifying tight deadlines, default consequences, definitional surprises and administratively significant clauses.
Time-critical nominations for minimum benefits and Family Law transfers. Section 2C requires a judge who ceases office to be paid a minimum benefit determined by an actuary and that payment must be to an approved deposit or superannuation fund nominated by the judge (s 2C(2)). Under s 11(3), if an entitled former spouse fails to nominate a fund within three months after the minimum benefit becomes payable, the Minister must pay the amount into the State superannuation scheme on the entitled former spouse’s behalf. The three-month window is relatively short and is a hard deadline for preference , failure to nominate moves funds to a statutory default.
Family Law election windows and default consequences. If an entitled former spouse wishes to receive a lifetime pension in place of a spousal amount, the election must be made in writing to the Minister within the specified 3‑month windows in s 12(5), either within three months of the benefit becoming payable or within three months of the Minister’s receipt of the agreement or order. Missing these windows can alter the form of payment available, and s 12(6) makes actuarial valuation central to any lifetime pension outcome.
Forfeiture of leave if not taken. Judges are required to take their accrued additional leave within three years after completing any seven years of service unless the prescribed authority otherwise approves; if they do not, they forfeit rights to the leave (s 15(3)-(4)). That is a strict timing rule that can produce monetary loss or a lost opportunity to rest, unless an extension is approved.
Which prior service counts, and which does not. The counting provisions have detailed exclusions: s 2A counts acting Supreme Court and District Court judge service (except as a “retired acting” judge) and service as a master; s 2AA counts service as a judge in another Australian court but explicitly excludes acting judges and magistrates courts. Section 8C then disqualifies a person from receiving a Queensland pension if their length of service includes other-Australian-court service and they are entitled to a pension under another law for that service. The interplay between these sections can produce surprising eligibility results if a person has mixed interstate/jurisdictional service or has a pension entitlement under another law.
Ministerial satisfaction required for ill-health retirement. Section 5 requires both a specialist health practitioner’s certificate and the Minister’s satisfaction that retirement was because of permanent disability or infirmity. The requirement of the Minister’s satisfaction introduces an administrative layer that can delay or deny an ill-health pension even where a qualified health practitioner has certified incapacity.
Election to take lump sum to meet surcharge liability requires a surcharge notice. Section 8B requires the election to be accompanied by a copy of the surcharge liability notice stating the amount of the judge’s surcharge liability (s 8B(4)). That document will typically come from the Australian Taxation Office; without it, an election may not be validly made.
Anti‑discrimination protection exclusion. Sections 18(5) and 18AA(3) remove the Anti‑Discrimination Act 1991 from applying in relation to those provisions and acts necessary to ensure compliance. This means certain challenges premised on anti‑discrimination law are statutorily curtailed in relation to suspension or non‑payment of pensions when retired judges take certain offices or judicial appointments.
Default actuarial determinations and opaqueness. Many conversion and valuation decisions are to be taken “on the advice of an actuary” (e.g. ss 2C, 8B(6), 12(6), 13(3)). Actuarial methodology and assumptions can materially affect lump sum or lifetime pension values and the Act does not prescribe transparent disclosure requirements for those actuarial bases. That can make it hard for affected persons to independently verify the math without obtaining actuarial advice themselves.
Interplay with other pensions. Section 8C prevents payment of a Queensland pension where length of service includes other-Australian-court service for which the person is or will be entitled to a pension under another law. Persons with multi-jurisdictional service must map entitlements under different statutes to avoid double entitlements or unexpected disqualifications.
Prescribed authority fragmentation for leave approvals. The authority who must grant leave depends on the office held (s 15(8)). This fragmentation means judges need to know the correct “prescribed authority” for their particular office to secure approvals or extensions; failure to approach the right officer can produce procedural delay and potential forfeiture.
Salary definitions for particular cases. Sections 2B, 2BA and 2BB create different salary/notional-salary constructions for specific categories (pre‑1984 judges, District Court judges who were previously CCC chairpersons, and District Court judges who were previously Parole Board presidents). These special rules can affect pension calculations in non‑obvious ways for persons with complex career pathways.
Each of the above points is grounded in the Act’s text. The practical upshot is that timeliness, correct nominations, clear documentation (medical certificates, surcharge liability notices), awareness of definitional boundaries for counting service, and close interaction with the Minister and prescribed authorities are necessary to avoid loss of rights or unintended default outcomes.
How to comply
This section outlines concrete administrative and practical steps for the principal actors affected by the Act: judges, retired judges, spouses/former spouses, the Minister’s office and prescribed authorities. Compliance means satisfying statutory time limits, producing required documentation, following the Act’s nomination and election requirements, and managing actuarial processes.
For judges and retiring judges
Record and document all service. Maintain a precise record of judicial and quasi-judicial service dates, acting appointments, master service, any other-State judicial service (distinguish magistrates courts from other courts), and any periods as CCC chairperson or senior parole board membership. These records are necessary to demonstrate the length of service for pension and leave calculations under ss 2A, 2AA, 2AB, 2AC.
Nominate an approved deposit or superannuation fund promptly. Where a minimum benefit under s 2C may become payable, nominate an approved deposit fund or superannuation fund to receive that payment. Failure to nominate a fund can have downstream consequences for entitled former spouses under s 11(3).
Prepare medical documentation for ill‑health retirement. If retirement for ill-health is contemplated, ensure a specialist health practitioner’s certificate is obtained in accordance with Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (Queensland) definitions (s 5(3)). Bear in mind s 5 requires Ministerial satisfaction as well; be ready to provide any further information the Minister may seek.
Take long leave within statutory windows or secure approvals. Keep track of the three-year take-up window for additional leave after each seven-year block under s 15(3). If unable to take the leave within three years, obtain prescribed-authority approval to avoid forfeiture. If it's impracticable to take leave, consider the statutory option to receive an amount equal to salary for the leave period (s 15(6)), and confirm with the prescribed authority the administrative steps required.
If intending post-retirement judicial work, check s 18 and s 18AA effects. Before accepting paid judicial office or appointments (including acting and part-time), assess whether the appointment qualifies as “limited service” under s 18(3) and whether the appointment would trigger suspension or reduction of pension. If over age 65, s 18(2)(a) may preserve pension receipt. Consider communications with the Minister to clarify the effect and avoid unanticipated pension suspension.
For spouses, civil partners and entitled former spouses
Know the time conditions for spouse entitlements. Spouses, civil partners and de facto partners must ensure they met the timing conditions set out in ss 7-8 (for example, marriage or civil partnership pre-retirement in s 8(2)(a)-(b); de facto cohabitation conditions in ss 7(2), 8(2)(c)). Document the relationship timeline to substantiate claims.
If party to Family Law splitting, act promptly on elections and nominations. Where a Family Law agreement or order affects pension benefits:
Make any lifetime-pension election to the Minister in writing within three months of the benefit becoming payable or within three months of the Minister’s receipt of the agreement/order as required by s 12(5).
If you are an entitled former spouse and entitled to a share of a minimum benefit, nominate an approved deposit or superannuation fund within three months of the minimum benefit becoming payable to avoid the Minister paying the share into the State scheme (s 11(3)).
Request information under Family Law provisions. If you are an eligible person under the Family Law Act, use the right to apply to the Minister for required information under s 10 and request an accrued benefit multiple where appropriate.
For the Minister and departmental administrators
Appoint and approve actuaries transparently. The Act centralises actuarial decision-making in multiple places (s 2C, ss 8B, 12, 13). Ensure actuary appointments are documented, that the actuary’s methodology is appropriate and defensible, and that administrative records show the advice considered. Prepare to disclose sufficient actuarial basis to respond to queries from entitled persons or to withstand judicial review.
Maintain timely communications and default-payment protocols. The Minister must inform entitled former spouses when required (s 14A), respond to Family Law requests for information (s 10), and pay nominees or default to specified schemes if nominations are not received within statutory windows (s 11(3)). Administrative processes must be in place to track deadlines, confirm fund approvals, and effect transfers to approved deposit or superannuation funds.
Implement conversion and election mechanics with actuarial advice. Where lifetime pensions are elected or lump sums required to satisfy surcharge liabilities are requested (s 8B), arrange for actuarial valuation and ensure that reductions to pensions are effected “in the way decided by the Minister on the advice of an actuary” (s 8B(6)). Document the advice and retain records.
Track post-retirement appointments and salary comparisons. Where a retired judge accepts paid judicial office, the Minister must apply s 18’s offset rules. The department should maintain salary comparison mechanisms to determine when the pension must be suspended or reduced, and to apply the “limited service” exceptions properly.
For prescribed authorities (granting leave)
Apply the correct granting authority and manage approvals. Section 15(8) specifies which authority grants leave depending on the judge’s office. Prescribed authorities must have procedures to process leave applications, approve take-up periods or extensions, and maintain records showing any approvals to avoid later disputes about forfeited leave.
Cross-cutting administrative measures
Create a centralised file for each judge/retiree. Include service history, acting appointments, fund nominations, medical certificates, Family Law orders/agreements, surcharge liability notices, and any ministerial or actuarial correspondence so that default outcomes can be avoided.
Maintain a deadline and event-triggered workflow. Build workflows to trigger alerts for three-month nomination/election windows, three-year leave take-up windows, and any dates when pensions become payable or payable amounts change.
Ensure statutory default operations are understood and documented. Train staff on the default consequences: payment to the State scheme where fund nominations are not received (s 11(3)); forfeiture of leave if not taken (s 15(4)); pension suspension/reduction on post-retirement service (s 18).
Following these steps will align administrative practice with the procedural mandates in the Act. The Act’s reliance on actuarial advice and strict timeframes places an emphasis on disciplined recordkeeping, timely communication, and transparent application of actuarial methodology in conversions and reductions.
Section sec.2ABLength of service if previously CCC chairperson
sec.2AB Length of service if previously CCC chairperson
sec.2AB Length of service if previously CCC chairperson
This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement, whether the judge was appointed before or after the commencement.
For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, a period for which the person held office as the CCC chairperson after 27 March 2015 is to be counted as service as a judge.
The period for which the person held office as the CCC chairperson after 27 March 2015 includes a period for which the person acted as the CCC chairperson that is to be counted as a period for which the person held office as the chairperson under the CC Act , section 238C (b) .
See also the CC Act , section 423 (2) .
s 2AB ins 2015 No. 2 s 52
amd 2016 No. 19 s 46 sch 1
(sec.2AB-ssec.1) This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement, whether the judge was appointed before or after the commencement.
(sec.2AB-ssec.2) For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, a period for which the person held office as the CCC chairperson after 27 March 2015 is to be counted as service as a judge.
(sec.2AB-ssec.3) The period for which the person held office as the CCC chairperson after 27 March 2015 includes a period for which the person acted as the CCC chairperson that is to be counted as a period for which the person held office as the chairperson under the CC Act , section 238C (b) . See also the CC Act , section 423 (2) .
sec.2AC Length of service if previously senior parole board member
sec.2AC Length of service if previously senior parole board member
This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement, whether the judge was appointed before or after the commencement.
For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, a period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member after the commencement is to be counted as service as a judge.
The period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member after the commencement includes a period for which the person acted as a senior parole board member that is to be counted as a period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 238 (b) .
s 2AC ins 2017 No. 15 s 17
(sec.2AC-ssec.1) This section applies to a person serving as a judge after the commencement, whether the judge was appointed before or after the commencement.
(sec.2AC-ssec.2) For this Act, in deciding the length of service as a judge, a period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member after the commencement is to be counted as service as a judge.
(sec.2AC-ssec.3) The period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member after the commencement includes a period for which the person acted as a senior parole board member that is to be counted as a period for which the person held office as a senior parole board member under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 238 (b) .
sec.2B Salary of judges who died or retired before 1984 Amendment Act
sec.2B Salary of judges who died or retired before 1984 Amendment Act
This section applies in relation to a judge (a pre-1984 judge ) who died or retired before the commencement of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 .
For the purposes of this Act, the salary of a pre-1984 judge is the annual rate of salary that would be payable to the judge if the judge had not died or retired and the judge’s annual rate of salary were—
before 1 July 1992—the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
on and after 1 July 1992—the product of—
the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
The judge’s notional salary increase factor is the number worked out, to 2 decimal places, using the following formula—
In this section—
1991 notional salary amount , for a judge, means the annual rate of salary that would have been necessary to be payable to the judge (if the judge had not died or retired) to entitle the judge or the judge’s widow to continue to receive, or receive, pension at the same annual rate after the commencement of this section, and up to 30 June 1992, as would have been payable if the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 had not been enacted and amended this Act.
1992 notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the judge’s notional salary package amount that applied immediately before 1 July 1992.
latest notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the judge’s notional salary package amount applicable under the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007 .
notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the total of the annual rate of salary and allowances, including any general allowance and jurisprudential allowance, that would be payable to the judge or to which the judge could have become entitled, if the judge had not died or retired.
s 2B ins 1994 No. 76 s 7
amd 2007 No. 55 s 54 sch 1
(sec.2B-ssec.1) This section applies in relation to a judge (a pre-1984 judge ) who died or retired before the commencement of the Judges’ Pensions Act Amendment Act 1984 .
(sec.2B-ssec.2) For the purposes of this Act, the salary of a pre-1984 judge is the annual rate of salary that would be payable to the judge if the judge had not died or retired and the judge’s annual rate of salary were— before 1 July 1992—the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and on and after 1 July 1992—the product of— the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
(sec.2B-ssec.3) The judge’s notional salary increase factor is the number worked out, to 2 decimal places, using the following formula—
(sec.2B-ssec.4) In this section— 1991 notional salary amount , for a judge, means the annual rate of salary that would have been necessary to be payable to the judge (if the judge had not died or retired) to entitle the judge or the judge’s widow to continue to receive, or receive, pension at the same annual rate after the commencement of this section, and up to 30 June 1992, as would have been payable if the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 had not been enacted and amended this Act. 1992 notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the judge’s notional salary package amount that applied immediately before 1 July 1992. latest notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the judge’s notional salary package amount applicable under the Judicial Remuneration Act 2007 . notional salary package amount , for a judge, means the total of the annual rate of salary and allowances, including any general allowance and jurisprudential allowance, that would be payable to the judge or to which the judge could have become entitled, if the judge had not died or retired.
(a) before 1 July 1992—the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
(b) on and after 1 July 1992—the product of— (i) the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and (ii) the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
(i) the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
(ii) the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
(i) the judge’s 1991 notional salary amount; and
(ii) the judge’s notional salary increase factor.
sec.2BA Salary of District Court judge if previously CCC chairperson
sec.2BA Salary of District Court judge if previously CCC chairperson
This section applies to a District Court judge if—
an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in his or her capacity as a District Court judge; and
when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , exists for the judge in his or her capacity as a former CCC chairperson (whether or not that pension has become payable under the CC Act , section 238F ).
Under the CC Act , section 238J , a pension payable in relation to a former CCC chairperson under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , stops being payable if a pension is payable in relation to the former CCC chairperson under this Act in the former CCC chairperson’s capacity as a judge.
For the purposes of this Act, the judge’s salary is the prescribed salary within the meaning of the CC Act , section 238A .
In this section—
former CCC chairperson means a person who has held office as the CCC chairperson.
s 2BA ins 2015 No. 2 s 53
amd 2016 No. 19 s 46 sch 1
(sec.2BA-ssec.1) This section applies to a District Court judge if— an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in his or her capacity as a District Court judge; and when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , exists for the judge in his or her capacity as a former CCC chairperson (whether or not that pension has become payable under the CC Act , section 238F ). Under the CC Act , section 238J , a pension payable in relation to a former CCC chairperson under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , stops being payable if a pension is payable in relation to the former CCC chairperson under this Act in the former CCC chairperson’s capacity as a judge.
(sec.2BA-ssec.2) For the purposes of this Act, the judge’s salary is the prescribed salary within the meaning of the CC Act , section 238A .
(sec.2BA-ssec.3) In this section— former CCC chairperson means a person who has held office as the CCC chairperson.
(a) an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in his or her capacity as a District Court judge; and
(b) when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the CC Act , chapter 6 , part 1 , division 2 , subdivision 3 , exists for the judge in his or her capacity as a former CCC chairperson (whether or not that pension has become payable under the CC Act , section 238F ).
sec.2BB Salary of District Court judge if previously president of the Parole Board Queensland
sec.2BB Salary of District Court judge if previously president of the Parole Board Queensland
This section applies to a District Court judge if—
an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a District Court judge; and
when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , exists for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a former president (whether or not that pension has become payable under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 241 ).
Under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 242C , a pension payable in relation to a former senior parole board member under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , stops being payable if a pension is payable in relation to the former senior parole board member under this Act in the former senior parole board member’s capacity as a judge.
For this Act, the judge’s salary is the prescribed salary for a District Court judge within the meaning of the Corrective Services Act 2006 , schedule 4 .
In this section—
former president means a person who has held office as the president of the Parole Board Queensland.
s 2BB ins 2017 No. 15 s 18
(sec.2BB-ssec.1) This section applies to a District Court judge if— an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a District Court judge; and when the entitlement arises, an entitlement to a pension under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , exists for the judge in the judge’s capacity as a former president (whether or not that pension has become payable under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 241 ). Under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , section 242C , a pension payable in relation to a former senior parole board member under this Act, as applying under the Corrective Services Act 2006 , chapter 5 , part 2 , division 6 , stops being payable if a pension is payable in relation to the former senior parole board member under this Act in the former senior parole board member’s capacity as a judge.
(sec.2BB-ssec.2) For this Act, the judge’s salary is the prescribed salary for a District Court judge within the meaning of the Corrective Services Act 2006 , schedule 4 .
(sec.2BB-ssec.3) In this section— former president means a person who has held office as the president of the Parole Board Queensland.
(a) an entitlement to a pension under this Act arises for the judge in the judge’s capacity
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