Trade Practices Commission Stihl Chain Saws (Aust) Pty Ltd [1978] FCA 104

Federal Court of Australia|1978-07-01

Od m pm ytee Lf mM tet me oe aye Tie Cre Sad ee 42 / ro wor fares fa a. ERadeiC LT eo ee

eee ~ - won atluye rho wespect oT ths cenblrou-nvigms

fy fas.doe ' By - Poe Say The or fod rp eto? ~ 1 aw ayy ye ae - 3 tig oc so, Estes tram cedirp od te Ne at nO

(ec) an reepect of the comtreventien referrcd to ain

Stihl chain saws or parts therefor fron Morton's Bulx Sales for the reason that liorton's Pulk Sales have or are likely to advertise Stihni chsin saws or parts therefor in the Weekly Times or otherwise for sale ut prices

The plaintiiz, the Teate Practices Cuoralcsicn, Lrings action against thedefcndent, Stihl Chiun Sus Ciust) Pry. Ltd. (Stikl), a co.cany vhich carrice 6a the businces of importing from 1ts paren. co™pary 2 Germany

Bulk Caler who were at oll rarerisl times until 13 May 1975 an apposnted dealer or th elendant in respect of Stihl pre@ucts not ts adservise Stihl Cheinsavs and perts therefor susplired to

prices specified by che derendeant a: th? prices below which such goods were not vo be advertised

in and afler 15 May 1976 the defendent vithield supply to Morton's Pull Sales of Stihl

chain saws and parts therefor for the reason thet Mortor's Bulk Sales hed ed ertised end vere likely

advertise Stinl chein saws end perts therefer su.vlicad

e deZendans ess than the prices. srecirr them by the deteonduny at less than the price ecir

goods were nov to be advertised fer sale, (sce 96(3) (€)(42) anc 9€(7)).

defend-nt induced or attempted to induce 2 company called Penansuls Mover and ilower Service

Pty. Itd. (Peninsule) not to sell to a comprny called Berool Si: Lode. (Progect *9) Ply, Ltd.

tradine uncer the nure of hove Wiegncil Tred.ins Cov.,

at prieer Tess voi unrs a Stihl cuain cay. anc yorcve bhereror supsitee Ly Tie

y, (©) oud (c) abovs then, as to thet reZirred to in (a) above by veacon of s. 96 (3) (vr) ané (7) 0.5, us to

that referred to in (b) above, bv reasen of s. 96 (3) (d) (12)

and (7), ard as to il. t referred te an (c) above, by rsascn of

s. 96 (3) (b) of the Act at encesed ir the pructice of

Until 12 December 19%: tao defendauct Casupirutver 2p tee "-Lbourr and Tetropolitan area of Victorit, waich aneluded Croydon and "im \ m1. ae

Ringwood, sas « firm called Hey Wignel)] Trading Coy (ANT). That

firm was both distributor ard dealer. The ultimate beneticiar

kev Wignell Tradir the family of the then lienugin, Director cf the cefendanut, Practices had develcpod as a result cf which Kivi gt2ned u.dus benefits to the disidventage of beth tne defendont ateeli ond th: defencant's other distributors end Cc clers. Thic situation

becare known te those aun ultimate contral of the defenadm4 an

. 5 gl PS Po tpayrans tue disgtir a+ December 7974, end 1t terminated the dristributers!

dealership of "Ww. Tne defercant accided not to trade with Wal thenceforth, an any vay. Orme reason far this was thee the defendant's other c_stribulors end deslers Lod develepeua a

belief bas:d on fect that the defcndar. had been uncdy 27- vourins

of the azalers! ena distrututerc! confitince gn the dstenvanat

sine ried yore on de . sams terry ae Ws mW Gepended upom st mow Porn coen fo trecz vith Kea. at ell, Vpn poo, . re im as 2 betel weal KUT vb aise. cor laced ta di cram ate Too cue an hac DL ome +

and ietropolitun are. Veriva Ceslers purctese@ gauo Trem te fe

praces, wwzcal tn reloleon bo cach pwoduct «ore published to Gr lors un pompit-its assurd py the deferndent fe the Law reloviot co fhe deelangs sun ibrea this cast as cesaicrr a tho decler puri std trop the defendin* «at prieca ecund te cae recanneneca prac: Lees 200 thepest one var ee itled bos Turticr Acduction of 5% of the colmenuded retail price af payment fer ibo proeucte vas mode ya ain thority dw. eF pwn 3. Hagner dleceurnce Pron t- recomeardci prirsil priwes "ere vem ar respect Cf spoctel dans waoen varicus Cealers am wart: vller circus toares. DréAvL Ss wit ssf ro SULT SALLS

Rerly in 1°74 the Morton partnership who since cach, ur UO78 by traded wider the name Morton's Bulk Sales GIES) aid wan Carried cra discount bust, a Gre,don aud Rirewtood,Vactosia vore aupotrt co a doaler in respect of Stind chain saws and pares there lar, Peover toe tb appolpincent a representative of the defendant hes Yofael with Lhe business of MBS ond hed reported ta the selepunent ther wn, he is slip shoe he gives goud @izcutnls and ood ero therefo.c & man Lo be cncouraged at all Limes) Atel enecoasa sed iis we, and also successful im the selling of Stihl sere by retard. Th. Mefondany vos pleesed wich the veluus oF soles erd dir pronp unos of paytcuTs, 'ine normal price chorg-d to "tS uo the pecowseicsa reteat price Jess LO onl less 2 fur cher 88% oi tigre ,2inia thir} days. dn oresnecl of tos Tapes he tea redacticcs reom O°

Th Que Jalier pore ow F475 fas Geter ue or toeca a prive

This prize was @ trin to Gerreiy, upc iditg ag per' thereot a wisir

"nore the Stihl products wore manuf cturcd, One of thoce Gealers

who won this prize was Ilr, Morton in respect of sale3 by Ps,

As a result he «ccompanied Mr. Large ths aerencont's Mans eing

Director and "ir, Don.Léson the dofendirits lisrke ting Menauger to

the German location of the Stihl Cusianess. The trip comnsnced

on 27 Maren and finistied on 18 april 1974. Prior to tne

departure for Germany the defendcat nad received comaleints from nd possibly their distributors cojcern_ng

the effect that tne sales of MEE vere having upon their

trading in the country. The content of these covplaints was

not stated with eny precision, but the susagcesticn was that

dealers in the country conplained that persons in their

localities were bringing to them for service Stahl séws which

In cases where @ country men had purchaseeé a saw trem

MBS it would have been naturel enough fer him to ceck anc in

all probability to expect to receive service saw dealer pursugnt to the warrenty apnliceble to eviory Stihl

saw that was seld. It ru of a deeler's oblagetion és

py belyween himself and the Stahl orgatizeticn to sevvico the sows sold by himself but rot cavs sold Ly others, But of course the local dealers felt ovi.ged to #sa.st tne local owner of a

Stihl sawe at a discount, but Ciscowmt vas envheasised in the treadzazr + MBS. The namo of the latter 1tselr oapgesved drscsun: sales and be avallability of discounl prices was a feature of its advertisir7,

which occurred regulerly in the Weekly Timos. That publrcawon

penctrated the covntry areas of Victoria, Sout Wales and Tasmania and wus widely read by the classes of poersois likely to te purchasers of chain savs. So Sar as this advovtisia attracted sales to country purchaserr it prebrbly deorsved

Stihl's country dealers of sales they melt have made erd

exposed them to the pocsibility of ELein;:; requ:sted by locel people for service on saws purchesed by them fron 2S. This situation was receiving the attencion of Mr Large and Tir Ienaldson

Mr Donaldson said that early in March 71°76 he merntzroned the matter to Er Morton when he visited Mortoa's premises. He said he told Mr Morten that the defendar.t was concerned eatcut

*S io}ue iw ct le} re [o) ty 9. ay facilities in rejlation to Stihl ereducts. Mr Nonatdson stated Bag

that Mr Morton told him that he would retract reference to moil

mer orders in future advervisinz of Scihl vroducts. Ms Morton sail

that advertising for rail orders was not rontsoned tet that

Mr Donaldson hud exprcesed concern at MBS advert:sing its discouc:

The issues in this cese rovelve fargely urcevnd this cortiies, The conteate of a neetee af ern el ttc ee ble Ge Mp tM peg: anc Ir Porvon cover pi cue cans OF mem or ase tes 2 akg lt ok,

Also reference to the precise ccntents ond the pattern of a number of adverticements of MES an Lave 1975 and che first five months of 1976 1c necessary.

In 1975 before the special Christus advertising for that year MBS 1userted an the Weekly Panes a regular block advertisement stating "Chain saws from (C5, 'save more dollars!

at Mortons Dulk Sales, 48 I Road Ringwood, Phone 725-5152". In 1975 eavevtiscrents .ere also regularly iuserted an the Weekly 'imes specifically in

rot Of a nutes of SlLinl products inslucing chain says. 'he

advertisements were 1n gencral form according te ée blo-k sv.pplied ie '3H c sa t4 m9 i} iL jo [o} & by the defendant ond drew attention,

to the merits of Stihl saus. A saw and ovher items such as

motorised earth inplenents, fence pesv borers ane hedge trimmers were illustrated. Just under the luvend, MOS inserved the words, "Save more dollars on your new chain saw" and added

vor z mh V wy emnen 4 Words dortons Eula Ciles at the bottom of the advervisement tne words "Mortons Eu Les

rv ct qi OQ ys c c aa o + © ~ or

¢ |S ws ~ on om GS

During the Christmas pericd an adverviserent of a Cifierent

style was intrecuced alongside those in the styles meni .ored

above. The new siyle advervisomenis referred co a Decemter and

New Year offer, couisined an illusirztion of a chain sa, and

annourced "15% off chein sove ~ Stihl - Homet te - Poulsa -

ho - vonsereds". ly referred rhen to Kovuca 2 parse cent ot toa als Pooh my fg = a 5 r - «" and che addreccrer ond phoac tombe: ot tho el teh dash ou, reso

slyl¢ ad cortois vVarlals ont tThepee? thac ie aeltor.

are shoen in kinepet dd, le vill jor epperved tlie eavaiteam, ac of 78 Plotrausry 1076 Suint sas parbacnlat m teis are weatirard,a>i C278s glared

awoun! of tho ak fontant's reec™ Terwkb peice, It is bo be observed also thai the edverticemoac erates "atl orders, fend cheave aud near st rainy stction", Ib was the first oi tie adverticeient? "EO To Teiclod "ali o1cers. On or about 7° Vay 71976 tir, Toagddew toreanated the deeleor.

of WBS, we sead ls cis this Locause (I'S heving primss do vo retin | advertisin, for sel oider bestrers at reracton vo Staubli cor hed coutanmucd so io advertres. fh Yovteir me iver, rs. Donaldson hed never regecr Tec han ve refrain from gavertvseinge

for rojl order Socares3a gm Scill cass acd thet he head novei

ageced to retroaaa from so adver cicsng Ur Nonaleson had obgcccenr te the anclution an phd édverticomeavs an the

Weekly Tames of the siatcments of "rolasl piaces" and "our prices" ef Stahl saws. £o29 twpat ke hed agreed to clivsnavce this aspeck cr hae eavertisin. but sn pes es aa avvrerevalyart OF 1W2,.cy 1S%o nN nal wasiel te co Chis. cf tual @ loo use ume

Cuvee an i? Vy de ' ae lie - moos . " _ 'e ri" \ ey

ST) Ctrep Uru ows tr. Pe cee tab ut. Tole Leven led cre ma theo neue pepe rat 5) itv; Oe ros .

Upetarl prices" or Nour DYLccs that iiBS were a G@iscount *Ye%et

MeS's discount prices of Stim. poasls coud be ceLoalacer end aies9

contained an invitation +©0 the public ky ap Dusinets Dy ret order. It is convenions to refer first in scme detail to the conversavttone wath Mr Tonal dson

necessary tO keep in Lang thet there was a Geley of ven days or thereabovts vot.cen The acaigr2ne and unsertins of & worticuler

oO 7 a

Times. I have refered to Mp Done#iisen's ev.dgence > hah le spoke to Mr liortor of his concers at the advertrserent. ayvaitirs rats

orcer business if ecrly Moreh 4576 and thet Tp Merton naa told

him that he yould Mpg pact" thet wind ct agGVCITLUCKONt « Accordiné

to Ih: Morson what Mr Donaldson hed gaia to him apouc adver. lotto

in that corverr2¢ion W3s Nyroutd Io mind Lot Advert LS lng tho

discount prices on Siibl cpan CaN Cee eel WAS upsecei ne thre other ef dealers". fic Korten ward Haet he © ok ao bsod ac ordain y-

Whe oc rT 8 Cot tl ae ae! rn': Poa cle Veelly Dames Cn 3 Fach e1G "7 Tate wo, Put or Om Tt Gab &

44 April wd 27 Aprsl an advertise sn. in tne samc style a

last mentioned appcared but it did have a refererce to Surhi saws. After the echedule of Homelile, Pionzer, and McCulloch sews specifying "ocels and "revail prices" and "our prices"

thereof tnere apptarca the werds "elso same cavings 0.1 all

Mr Morton stated thal on 22 or 2% April i°7C Mr Donaldson rang him and said to ham thet he had Leen advertising Strhl with discount prices cgain. Mr Morcon saic tiat he denied this asserting that there were no prices stated, ane that Mr Lonaldicn then replicd that even though the actual prices were nov. stated Mr Morton was still putting the statement "similar discourts to Stihl chain saws and accessorses" underroatn the stated discnunts on the other chain sew prices. Mr Morten staled that Mr Sonucteccu conplained that this was what Ilorton kad seid he would net do, and that he, Morte. then said "alright we will change 1t". But the advertisenent cf 2& April did not elimanatze the features cf Which Donaldson 1s said to have corplcinee end which Merton said he would change. However, thac advertisemen? would kere been

before the cunversetion of 22 or 235 April. It included & cpceifuc reverence tc one

tin] model namely the O45 and at did stave "retail prices" and "our price" for tnat -.cdel with thet reference being followd

by the wores "Samilar disecunt. on all othe modere",

offered a speci2l deal by lhe defieacunk vath that model as tae

Morton said he theacns that in the circumstances apply model Donaldsou would not obgect to detarls of the price discounts of MBS being aavervised in reLacten 28, 29 or 30 April Hr Donnidson ranz ir tlortoa and a corer 3¢72IN

eceurred of which NMorton'ts acccunt in evicence 1.46 ©s

Q." Do you recell so far as you are avle what ke said to you? A. --- le sc. I 24

Q. Yes, did yeu have any respercve "Well uc ave roc", ard he ad there _n th) previcus vet

"We have tho praces im there". Lo said, "That wes Lotene you mesvicnea about st lost ciire. Jt vas alrecey

u woul elle annoycd 213 sa yourcel ir, aul slorc cd !

It would seer tli Dovaldsen either aid not uxcer tcnd or was gust wiltprescea ty wie refererce to the ocvertise ms): vein? "already Cres tats I - 5 y

converssricn and as a reselt of the conversation ef 22 or £3 Apral

i t 3 Mc Mortcn had alre.éy tablen ection to renove c]i references to ~ ot ee ale . aos aps wae . cethi an the 5 Mey advertinccent, Boat on 412 Hoy em coverceroetes.t

045 model and stated "same dieccunt wall apply to other models", It would seem tnat although Mr Morven epnrovel that advertisement

after the conversahion atl the end of April, avs concents comtaried

the very matter lo which Porton said Lenaldscn had obaected.

recollection of any such conversaticen on or atourt 72 Apply C had after reading the advertisement of 28 April 1976 ruag Morter and ssid that he was concerned ahout the recummencement of Stil products being incluced in Morten's advervisemcne wiierein mail order business .as also solicited and that Morton had that "if we weren't happy with 2t he wouldn't do 1% again". Donaldson agreed that in that conversation he did make reference

to the defendant's marketing policy with its emphasis cn arter

sales service and sald that the defendant would nov supply Morton 1f Stihl sews were advertised sn.congunciaon with a1

order advertising because of the possibility of the re...tencess

An aspect cf tne relevant events as related by Morton was that having told Donalcszon in ivarch that he would cease to advertise the discount prices of Stihl saws he nob only ceased to advertise the disccarnt proces but left Stihl saves ov oul of his adverlicentnls. Inis epmeare vi tue advei.sser:

of 24 March and 5 tay 1976. aArieuye out of this aspect Merten

hoo. Q."Why G@id you toke Stills cut al toys The peso tried ts make the *¢ £9 it could e) not be nulled ir ane

Q, That want you cre not «ad un that case cten we 1s brave it an to let ae chain s@Wo wich ut try

Q,. When you took frczhi ouc of hed gusv douse a fer? and weekly Tames un t der he sold Ovi at th re-work the ad out.

Q. mt you spelled ovl in so any vords wehav you theugat yeu had beon tole in in #cvor..eemont aug ver vere net worried eLou. aay tance anc you vere VWLLlame To ULe may words, hove vould vou nove Gone at? st vou md wanted to enrry cut vat vou tise ot you hed tegp revucetod io

do end 27 you meg wanted co put 22 an on. adve? tie

dealin, w2Th Cvihte one the others, vaet would you u.7 me

put? 7) Hat LS VAY VO Mtvor fot arounG tO working cut whav 'e would pvr.

Pftato tried ae oe tricd to put it down but © Out an tn2 pr

have thie 745 zr, tiy .er? a moe "1, veel gather, they st2il vanuc co prerove wid Weve £luchs oF.

Q, You decided you woulé suz ine price in and chence ot

as that rigat' fae CN T4at end ae ot dass wie we made

the lene 7 tie petoal, vale d that particuls ' a arm lies co all other ' Was MIC veut rs the sau thi chai saws, 1t but ther vas the e

MR. LLOYD: . was the listing am i "ete peters and your Gi > t Seraclars Gelete cil rezerence vo StinLe---L cavern 1 sara to Loo

O, ype ye era tae re AM WW ter ae, OC. So nl tne tim oe hte pot fork. mel wpehin you were mo. ad eras ay. tel ord rivees a. Gad Mob

QO. You arrenintiv wade th. decaeiscn to conts nue ag & me,l arae> Udvertrcior, eet ortoall viet yoe eomrig~r co shor. G3

The advertiscvents Lear our the contention of Morton th.

the listin,, of prices, nol déietc th. Tis vin 'Diseem & on Cbril on. you hed «nm tla woos wit been easier La hawe Gule

Nobody « ac ayyvltv. i Bob Plo. Tauren, cf) 23> Ul. adverti.iaz m 72 clay, T pleased tu kro. From mo. adver Lagi Chand ehean Tanish sud so sud cur te already am tne Les, the having a alvoswic vrice. discount prices, bue uc order thaus : was, the airi*i notching." 4

saws by mail order. In his cdverlarements relerrin, co Si

from ebout the o2rddle af ficrch Vortor ticde considers bl.

relalion to whet wes said therein about the prieis o

In the advertisements of 71 "arch, V7, 14 and 21 fori

"retail prices" saa "our priceos" vere spocirted for

Stihl sews. Tn wnat of 28 forsl erd 12 Vey the "retail vraicot

"our prace" of the Stint "y of any other £11ib1l medel. Ana of courer Lae fins] step talen

4? diay ves, es renifested by Uw cdveirtvisowent of 19 bay to solve the proviry by «liarnatins Tromthy advertig. geladal perees not only ef fcabl cows but o7 ala otner

@égs well. There puct hea bo -n oper oressom ty om ep 4

Tye, fool oa gn Loatlaceute reouercn og. Whe nts he atopice Appeer tome vo reflect a situstzoen ac al Chow Copeet ous fo the ooeertacun 72 the @ scount neice.

and Tlorton wes GeosemM pl Fl. ae Tk yp op etal ed ye. present has diveeei toa. TP Dennde ont pecuiperen® related or sols ako. Lag BLP aS ar yal' have becom repomhaltys nosed ercobl Morew ct du set bear an retusang ta comsly cree Thar. Tecwii-, ca. Re erOLar ere praces y7H a elon ctu Trem nie port et ct. . LL woul Poe been alwout a tocawial pcep lo or at ine cl lier to mad or ter, potenticl cu-tcrerc,

Donasdcom 2 2G the tae ert echy re volrtin 2s a Mey 1676 wuier .7tl tt selina Ty ert yu a oa SS

es rR ce the @- fundunt tied creourcceed PBN Ao Fir loua pe ouc ee MatbL ca oe ee vay". He agresd that cn ie

f * reforurce whereas 6 AP Ltrs nent rt eee ea er" the following Lot... (9% lbs eyadcloe fens wd Q."Did you ever novo eiyehorr te har ltt ooriees im ubak

CONNCSLI TH eee the) May ores e m@il cre we treat ang ArP iyo. OF

Teaw i cn Ged onoat, ues bol. the mao. bel eee weene mel A ar TUPI ' so ' "73 . , mee Re a os L

Ce. latvia: elt ato oby or Bear lene to ASN 2D) te price 6G. Qiu ote boars,

retell and cur nrace2 ar conguacloco wien nail order advo: lh an.

Donugldsor bud no recelicotze of Use conver. sion of 12 or 15 lay an which loiwton seid thet "ILS would mo. be tdveetisang say prices from thon ou. He gard that the comyercstion of 15 ilay

au which he verminat 2 tio cealerehip watrrds wien ne was vem engry, thet wt wag a chort shar convercaticon um vite Tovtou hed litile chence to 3pe.2. He sald thot hy opened che ecme-usstron by saying "I have ,uet sern this lacest adyvertis ment of yours" and that al soue sta.' "Io saad ic Jioerton thet he cared uct lo

advertise prices in relarion te marx) orecr adve Ficquctt,

In this cerfinzey of evidence curt.im genera] consid-127i ons

are relevant, Cn cru understund tnaet vaigcerous edverticoned of

saws at Giscount priccs end perticularly of tae subccentiar

discounts cffercd by iDS .oulc attrecl cusio:. Also us-stu ed the

adverivisang in woe Wechly Taneso extendtd widely in Tasmania and Souiner NL. South Welsa. In theet dftys vben motor cer travel brings country vecnle to Velbourat yavh greet

speed and convenience it would be likely tiat on occceiom ccuntry people frov distent arees ould cell @t Crovden or Rungvocd for

saws. In acditacn the celeprsre .vsuld Ls avellerle to arrca

"telephone orders". Sales to country people by etther of chese

thar vb Ge caudeun to meso a eritsce lL isste vious IS that at i reo, 1 7 - 7 eos 3 ~ ase wae -: - ore Pane pies LOG. The . east a ce ye ek ee ate TE Lat

extent Lo wnrch JG 1 ther ed cuctem by sftelanyg bo do karin. a.

py mail order, It scum, a big esp to tehe to ¢ ch @ ruce soful and othervise satisfoctory cloulor te Been. save clight! ond unissessed auclioarction of a pooblem cui.1 vas cmuced an reolity

not by mail o1rdtr busancen bur by whe cev-rticeng, 11 the

Weekly Tines of the Cirvcount priors, Nerton's avdrces «vd telephones moiber. Tf the atfunceok hea en ired wl would hive been arformed tart ebout 5% af sans sole by IDE wes by west onder,

During the whole of the dcatershiz ancludaiue Lhe period valurhe 14 & = - 5 + - oe 750 savc sold, co thauv om all prolecataly, tue wupact ob thub class

Also sccording to tho dererdsny ivhee it would reqvire MES rot to adsci.use mail orders, Fue oo thy first mail ordur advertacurcnl did net apprar until 14 fucry there had not teen much tave for saves sole by mail order to upset the country Giclers. And of course ect ulersts ef tr- houd givinz conecrn to the deCendsnt had b-sa riceived by at wel te. o.

that date. These could rot have hed any rp beticn -o mill croer

It 15 not easy the defendant vould innwce a vatel ascuc out of wnat wee ae most a peripheral "atter, And understsndarge 25 not mide esgacr vac

issuc with the Mortens, movely in [ey 1075, Mr Doweddcofeqppera a a farm ctllod D*® A Reurpmort cs anew de-ler, Poroowra yer thet farm hid boo veévestisins chew se 2 in its vopliscw cn = ober ars Meye 7710 eof 4 7 n ( yaad ofa . an Me. Pomek Peerpr ou a the - Pl ee at ee ho?

drevn to his attertuodw ang bhi sad aol prado oy cheuaty ab 9

whether DS& J a@vertised for mil ordea tecam se. Tir, Taree

If the defendant vere really conccinge with the problems

caused by metropolitan cates to purenacwis trom the countsy in

districtsserviced by other dealers then the culy way to more ary

impact on that problen was to bring about a state cf atfarrcs _n

which dascowtl prices vbtainah). an the aclropolitan erec

not advertised un the coustry. 'Thel was really the only

effeciive way of relicving the country dealers from lcerrs of

sales to local resadaits and frov such servicirs hurcens as vere

amposed on them by country sales made hy MBS or any other metrenei int discount dealer. And it is to te inferr-d from a letter «.riltten

by Mr Large on 21 June 1975 expleining te Mr Orth, an everutlive

of the German varufactyvrer and surrlicz: of the Stikl provacs:, t=

Andreas Stillliecchis:n FPobril anc tus ecarauny of waren ube 'teres

vas ea vholly o med t.lership of jFS Lest ulen termanatec, that the views of tir, Large icre to thet efrect,

David Yor*onts Lovbler certainly 'ives the amercesic4 he has been cauly treated, hevever, ie tacks cre as .

cne 2e compe tit Guct vere livtibie. anereecced activll1es att nit or Sales, in Tect i

off sureesteg recat? noo CUR ne pPlte ces a . a . ~ Sat

At a glance

Court

Decision date

Source

Judgment (428 paragraphs)

Cited By (4)