[4] The criteria for the categories set out in the Policy are quoted below

[5] Dr Wang did not press the 'age' basis of his complaint in the current proceedings

[6] A summary of the proceedings is set out below

[7] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71

[8] See orders dated 15 August 2016, and ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2008 section 82(b)

[9] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [21]- [28], [31]-[36], [66]-[70]

[10] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [37], [38]

[11] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [68], [110]

[12] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [70]

[13] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [71], [113]

[14] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [4]

[15] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2015] ACAT 5 at [31]

[16] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2015] ACAT 5

[17] Australian Capital Territory v ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal & Anor [2015] ACTSC 370 at [1]

[18] Australian Capital Territory v ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal & Anor [2015] ACTSC 370 at [88], [89]

[19] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [9]

[20] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [12]

[21] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [117]

[22] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [11]

[23] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [117]

[24] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71

[25] Email from the Appeal Tribunal dated 17 May 2018

[26] Email from Mr Nathan Hancock to the Appeal Tribunal dated 27 June 2018

[27] Email from Mr Nathan Hancock to the Appeal Tribunal dated 27 June 2018

[30] Australian Medical Council v Wilson [1996] FCA 1618; (1996) 68 FCR 46

[31] Australian Medical Council v Wilson [1996] FCA 1618; (1996) 68 FCR 46 at 64

[32] Australian Medical Council v Wilson [1996] FCA 1618; (1996) 68 FCR 46 at 82-83

[33] Australian Medical Council v Wilson [1996] FCA 1618; (1996) 68 FCR 46 at 83

[34] See also the Note to section 8 of the ACAT Act

[35] Arguably this approach finds support in, or at least is consistent with, the objects of the Discrimination Act 1991 (section 4) and in sections of the Human Rights Act 2004 dealing with a fair trial (section 21) and the interpretation of laws and human rights (section 30). See also Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd v Australian National University (2009) 239 CLR 175

[36] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [151]- [156], [224]

[37] See Macabenta v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1998) 90 FCR 202, 211; Bropho v Western Australia [2007] FCA 519 at [303]; Australian Medical Council v Wilson [1996] FCA 1618, at [35] ff per Sackville J

[38] King-Ansell v Police [1979] 2 NZLR 531 at 543

[39] Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Ltd v Reddrop [1984] 2 NSWLR 13 at 18; Commonwealth v Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission (Dopking No 1) [1993] FCA 547; (1993) 46 FCR 191 at 207

[40] Thomson v Orica Australia [2002] FCA 939; (2002) 116 IR 186 at [168]

[41] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [157], see also [81], [101]

[42] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [158] - [162]

[43] Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Ltd v Reddrop [1984] 2 NSWLR 13

[44] Kapoor v Monash University [2001] VSCA 247; (2001) 4 VR 483

[45] IW v Perth [1997] HCA 30; (1998) 191 CLR 1 at [63]

[46] Purvis v NSW [2003] HCA 62; [2003] 217 CLR 92 at 157, 169; Australian Medical Council v Wilson [1996] FCA 1618 at [44]

[47] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [163] quoting from Sydney University Postgraduate Representative Association v the Minister for Transport Services [2006] NSWADT 83 at [64], [69], [71], [75] and [77]

[48] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [164]- [165]

[49] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 20

[50] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [221]

[51] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [222]

[52] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [224]

[53] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [226]

[54] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [227]- [229], [232]

[55] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [233]

[56] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [234]

[57] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [236]

[58] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [239]

[59] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [241]

[60] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [166]- [208].

[61] Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade v Styles [1989] FCA 342; (1989) 23 FCR 251 at [51]

[62] Citing Edgley v Federal Capital Press of Australia [2001] FCA 379 (Edgley) at [88] (sic). This proposition was stated by Deane J in Waters v Public Transport Corp [1991] HCA 49; (1991) 173 CLR 349 at 383 and followed by the Full Court in Edgley at [89].

[63] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [242], [264]

[64] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [243]- [250]

[65] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [253], [254]

[66] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [255]

[67] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [256]

[68] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [258]

[69] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [259]

[70] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [265]

[71] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [266]

[72] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [267]

[73] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [209]- [220]

[74] Kovac v Australian Croatian Club Ltd (No 2) [2016] ACAT 4

[75] Kovac v Australian Croatian Club Ltd (No 2) [2016] ACAT 4 at [51]- [55]

[76] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017 pages 5, 13

[77] Essop and Others v Home Office (UK Border Agency); Naeem v Secretary of State for Justice [2017] UKSC 27 at [1]

[78] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [224]

[79] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [226]

[80] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [227]- [229], [232]

[81] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [233]

[82] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [234]

[83] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [236]

[84] The ACT relied on the following cases in support of this proposition: Waterhouse v Bell (1991) 25 NSWLR 99 at [108]-[116]; Walker v NSW [2003] NSWADT 13 at [44]- [46]; Howe v Qantas Airways Limited [2004] FMCA 242; 188 FLR 1 at [251]- [252]; Phillip v NSW [2011] FMCA 308 at [94]- [100]; Kuyken v Lay (2013) 240 lR 89 at [98]-[103]; Hinder v The Salvation Army (NSW) Property Trust (No 3) (2017) NSWCATAD 16 at [81]- [85]

[85] Edgley v Federal Capital Press [2001] FCA 379; (2001) 108 FCR 1

[86] [2001] FCA 379; (2001) 108 FCR 1 at [17]

[87] Citing Correy v St Joseph's Hospital Ltd [2007l NSWADT 104 at [122]- [123], O'Connor v Victoria [2004] VCAT 1040; Kapoor v Monash University [2001] VSCA 247; (2001) 4 VR 483 at[33]-[35]

[88] Citing, inter alia, Taiwo v Olaigbe and Anor; Onu v Akwiwu and Anor [2016] UKSC 31, and Patmalniece v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2011] UKSC 11, at l29l per Lord Hope, at [66] per Lord Walker, at [83]-[92] per Lady Hale

[89] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 37

[90] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, pages 12 - 13

[91] Northern Regional Health Authority v Human Rights Commission [1998] 2 NZLR 216

[92] Purvis v NSW [2003] HCA 62; (2003) 217 CLR 92 at 134-135

[93] Citing Re Islam [2010] ACTSC 147; (2010) 4 ACTLR 235, 248

[94] The Appeal Tribunal is not aware of any evidence before the tribunal in these proceedings to support that submission.

[95] [2003] HCA 62; (2003) 217 CLR 92, 134

[96] With whom Lord Wilson, Lord Reed, Lord Hughes and Lord Toulson agreed

[97] [2016] UKSC 31

[98] Taiwo v Olaigbe; Onu v Akwiwu [2016] UKSC 31 at [21]

[99] [2003] HCA 62; (2003) 217 CLR 92 at 134

[100] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [106]

[102] The reason for the 2 supernumeraries was that there was a specific agreement with New South Wales Health to place ACT interns into Goulburn and Bega hospitals, Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 16

[105] Letter Dr Peggy Brown 6 December 2013, Appeal Book page 167

[106] Neil Rees, Simon Rice, and Dominique Allen, Australian Anti-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity Law 3rd edition, 2018 at page 47.

[107] Commonwealth v The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (Dopking No1) [1993] FCA 547; (1993) 46 FCR 191 at 193-194

[108] Purvis v NSW [2003] HCA 62; (2003) 217 CLR 92 at 134

[109] [2016] UKSC 31

[110] Taiwo v Olaigbe; Onu v Akwiwu [2016] UKSC 31 at [26]- [30]

[111] Taiwo v Olaigbe; Onu v Akwiwu [2016] UKSC 31 at [22]

[112] Correy v St Joseph's Hospital Ltd [2007] NSWADT 104 at [121]

[113] (2002) 116 IR 186; [2002] FCA 939

[114] [2002] FCA 939; (2002) 116 IR 186 at 216

[115] [2004] VCAT 1040 at [60]

[116] [2001] VSCA 247; (2001) 4 VR 483

[117] Section 17(4) Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (Vic)

[118] [2001] VSCA 247; (2001) 4 VR 483 at [55]

[119] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [233] - [237]

[120] Appellant's submissions filed 10 February 2017 at [34]

[121] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [237]

[122] Appellant's submissions filed 10 February 2017 at [34]

[123] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [234]

[124] Waters v Public Transport Corporation [1991] HCA 49; (1991) 173 CLR 349, 393, Full Federal Court in Edgley v Federal Capital Press [2001] FCA 379; (2001) 108 FCR 1

[125] Section 8 of the Discrimination Act was amended by the Discrimination Amendment Act 2016. This provision now states at section 8(1): 'For this Act, discrimination occurs when a person discriminates either directly or indirectly, or both, against someone else.'

[126] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [157]

[127] Chris Ronalds and Elizabeth Raper, Discrimination Law and Practice, 4th edition, 2012 at page 41

[128] Chris Ronalds and Elizabeth Raper, Discrimination Law and Practice, 4th edition, 2012 at page 41

[129] The Appeal Tribunal adopts the ACT's submissions on Steps 1 - 4 in the ACT's further submissions 1 March 2019 at [10]

[130] Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (Finance Sector Union Case) [1997] FCA 1311; (1997) 80 FCR 78 at 120; Australian Iron & Steel v Banovic [1989] HCA 56; (1989) 168 CLR 165 at 178-9 per Deane and Gaudron JJ

[131] Neil Rees, Simon Rice, and Dominique Allen, Australian Anti-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity Law 3rd edition, 2018, at page 154

[132] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [241]

[133] This may be more accurately referred to as 'official notice' when it is given by an administrative body that is not bound by the rules of evidence - see Repatriation Commission v Smith (M J) [1987] FCA 260; (1987) 74 ALR 537, 548, citing Enid Campbell and Louis Waller (ed_) Well and truly tried: essays on evidence in honour of Sir Richard Eggleston_ (1982) at 49-50

[134] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [241]

[135] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, pages 45-46

[136] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 67

[137] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 46

[138] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 49

[139] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 48. See also the ACT's further submissions 1 March 2019 at [24]-[25]

[140] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 48

[141] Sluggett v Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission [2002] FCA 987; (2002) 123 FCR 561 at [56]. See also State of New South Wales v Amery [2006] HCA 14; (2006) 230 CLR 174

[142] Walker (by his next friend Walker) v Victoria (Department of Education and Early Childhood

Development) [2011] FCA 258; (2011) 279 ALR 284 at [194]

[144] Confidential reasons for decision 5 November 2018 at [147]

[145] ACT's further submissions 1 March 2019 at [24]

[146] ACT's further submissions 1 March 2019 at [25]-[26]

[147] ACT's submissions dated 21 March 2016 Appeal Book, page 696 at [28]

[148] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [241]

[149] ACT's further submissions 1 March 2019 [29]

[150] [1996] ACTAAT 132

[151] [1996] ACTAAT 132 at [22] and [24]

[152] [2001] FCA 379; (2001) 108 FCR 1 per Beaumont ACJ (Higgins and Gyles JJ agreeing)

[153] ACT's further submissions 1 March 2019 at [34]

[154] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [241]

[155] Repatriation Commission v Smith (M J) [1987] FCA 260; (1987) 74 ALR 537 at 548

[156] Australian Medical Council v Wilson [1996] FCA 1618; (1996) 68 FCR 46 at 81 - 83

[157] Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic [1989] HCA 56; (1989) 168 CLR 165

[158] The letter dated 6 December 2013 from Dr Peggy Brown, Director-General, ACT Health to Dr Helen Watchirs, ACT Human Rights and Discrimination Commissioner stated that in Australia, general registration is available to medical practitioners who have either completed a medical degree and an approved internship in Australia or New Zealand or qualified outside of Australia or New Zealand. Medical practitioners who have qualified outside of Australia or New Zealand must obtain the Australian Medical Council (AMC) certificate (AMC examination process or competent authority pathway) and undertake a period of supervised training in accordance with the registration standard of the Medical Board of Australia (Appeal Book page 168)

[161] Janelle Corey witness statement dated 27 February 2019

[162] Annexure "D" of witness statement by Janelle Corey filed 1 March 2019

[163] ACT's further submissions dated 1 March 2019 at [69]

[164] ACT's further submissions dated 1 March 2019 at [70]. Table D shows that five listed China as their place of birth, three listed Taiwan and two listed Hong Kong.

[165] Macabenta v MIMA [1998] FCAFC 1643; Ealing London BC v Race Relations Board [1971] UKHL 3; [1972] AC 342; Phillip v NSW [2011] FMCA 308

[166] ACT's further submissions dated 1 March 2019 at [72]. If five of the applicants were born in China the percentage is reduced accordingly.

[174] See Legal Practitioner v Council of the Law Society [2016] ACTCA 35

[175] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [272]

[176] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [273], [274]

[177] See Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [273]. That submission is not correct because in Kovac v Australian Croatian Club Ltd (No 2) [2016] ACAT 4, delivered in January 2016 before the decision in Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71, the ACAT awarded compensation in the sum of $62,000.

[178] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [270], [271]

[179] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [271]

[180] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 72

[181] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, pages 51 and 73

[182] Transcript of proceedings, 4 April 2017, page 54

[183] Wang v Australian Capital Territory [2016] ACAT 71 at [209]- [219]