Annual wage review [2016] FWCFB 3500 (26 July 2016)

(#P390_10818) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 8.

(#P399_13280) PC Report at p. 155.

(#P402_13834) Ibid at p. 344.

(#P407_14501) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 438-442.

(#P412_15275) PC Report at p. 155.

(#P413_15386) ACCI submission at p. 8, para. 22.

(#P418_16153) Gala v Preston [1991] HCA 18; (1991) 172 CLR 243, 262.

(#P421_16449) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 82.

(#P422_17190) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 100-101.

(#P425_17559) PC Report at pp. 341-343.

(#P432_18900) ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 8, para. 20.

(#P433_19082) Ibid.

(#P436_19460) Ibid at p. 9, para. 23.

(#P443_20447) Ibid at p. 9, paras 25-26.

(#P446_20702) ACCI response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at p. 4.

(#P449_21191) PC Report at p. 231.

(#P450_21443) Ibid at pp. 343-344.

(#P453_21909) Ibid at p. 344.

(#P456_22143) Ibid at p. 344.

(#P459_22321) Ibid at p. 184.

(#P462_22516) Ibid at p. 187.

(#P465_22767) Ibid at p. 188.

(#P468_23055) Ibid at p. 194.

(#P471_23318) Ibid at p. 201.

(#P476_24135) ACCI post-Budget submission, 15 April 2016 at p. 5.

(#P477_24476) See [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 235-236.

(#P484_25372) [2013] FWCFB 4000.

(#P487_26860) Ibid at para. 359.

(#P532_37690) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para 169.

(#P537_38427) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 361.

(#P540_38869) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 85.

(#P596_50668) Employees classified as "award only" had their rate of pay specified by an award and were not paid more than that rate of pay.

(#P599_51096) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 472.

(#P605_51829) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at para. 302; [2011] FWAFB 3400 at para. 281 and [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 222.

(#P672_63764) United Voice submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 6, para. 7.

(#P681_64415) Fair Work Act, s.285(2)(a)(i)-(ii); s.285(2)(c).

(#P698_65055) Fair Work Act, Part 2-6.

(#P755_67956) See 4 Yearly Review of Modern Awards: Preliminary Jurisdictional Issues [2014] FWCFB 1788 at [32]; Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association and Another (No. 2) [2012] FCA 480; (2012) 205 FCR 227 at para. 35 per Tracey J.

(#P760_68562) See [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 88-91.

(#P763_68809) For example, employment growth and inflation are mentioned as separate considerations under the modern awards objective (s.134(1)(h)), but in the minimum wages objective these factors appear to be subsidiary to the performance and competitiveness of the national economy (s.284(1)(a)) and the modern awards objective requires the Panel to take into account "the likely impact of any exercise of modern award powers on ... the sustainability, performance and competitiveness of the national economy" (s.134(1)(h)), whereas the "sustainability" of the national economy is not mentioned in the minimum wages objective.

(#P764_69765) Ibid at paras 62-63.

(#P767_69964) See also the Note after s.284(2).

(#P788_72247) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at p. 16, para. 51.

(#P791_72690) Ibid.

(#P794_72935) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 100-102.

(#P797_73292) Ibid at para. 101.

(#P802_74527) Ibid at para. 102.

(#P809_74842) Fair Work Act, s.294(3) and (4). While a special national minimum wage may apply to a "specific class of employees," that has not been the practice to date.

(#P810_75104) Fair Work Act, s.294(1)(a).

(#P811_75274) Fair Work Act, s.294(4).

(#P816_75762) This follows from the fact that the minimum wages objective applies to the performance or exercise of the Commission's functions under Part 2 - 6 of the Act (s.284(2)(a)) and the review and making of a national minimum wage order is one of the Commission's functions under Part 2 - 6. The objects of the Act are also relevant to the performance or exercise of this function (s.578), a point to which we shall return shortly.

(#P817_76282) See s.134(2) of the Act. The review and making of a national minimum wage order does not involve the performance or exercise of the Commission's modern award powers and hence the modern awards objective has no application to that function.

(#P820_76754) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 134-135.

(#P846_81150) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 77, 79.

(#P849_81399) ARA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 6.

(#P858_82800) See [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 112-116; [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 493-515; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 98; citing [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 281.

(#P861_83209) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 515-516.

(#P866_83759) Western Australian Government submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 7, paras 29-30.

(#P867_84080) Business SA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 5.

(#P870_84551) Fair Work Act, s.286; [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 492-562; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 486-549.

(#P873_85152) [2015] FWCFB 3500 paras 500-512.

(#P882_86255) Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and Another v Peko-Wallsend Limited and Others [1986] HCA 40; (1986) 162 CLR 24.

(#P883_86502) R v Hunt; Ex parte Sean Investments Pty Ltd [1979] HCA 32; (1979) 180 CLR 322 at 329 per Mason J; R v Toohey and Another: Ex parte Meneling Station Pty Ltd [1982] HCA 69; (1982) 158 CLR 327 at 333 per Gibbs CJ; Friends of Hinchinbrook Society Inc. v Minister for Environment (No. 3) (1997) 77 FCR 153; Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Leelee Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1121; Edwards and Others v Giudice [1999] FCA 1836; National Retail Association v Fair Work Commission and Another [2014] FCAFC 118 at para. 56.

(#P886_87818) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at paras 12-16.

(#P891_88082) For example, promoting productivity and economic growth (s.3(a)); promoting flexible modern work practices and the efficient and productive performance of work (s.134(1)(d)); the likely impact of any determination on business including on productivity, employment costs and the regulatory burden (s.134(1)(f)); the likely impact of any determination on employment growth, inflation and the sustainability, performance, and competitiveness of the national economy (s.134(1)(h)); the performance and competitiveness of the national economy, including productivity, business competitiveness and viability, inflation and employment growth (s.284(1)(a)); and acknowledging the special circumstances of small and medium-sized businesses (s.3(g)).

(#P893_88835) For example, the establishment and maintenance of a safety net of fair, relevant and enforceable minimum wages within the context of an easy to understand, stable and sustainable modern award system (ss.3(b), 134(1), 134(1)(g) and 284(1)); the promotion of social inclusion through increased workforce participation (ss.134(1)(c) and 284(1)(b)); relative living standards and the needs of the low paid (ss.134(1)(a) and 284(1)(c)); the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal or comparable value (ss.134(1)(e) and 284(1)(d)); and providing a comprehensive range of fair minimum wages to junior employees, employees to whom training arrangements apply and employees with a disability (s.284(1)(e)).

(#P895_89574) For example, the need to encourage collective bargaining (s.134(1)(b); see also s.3(f)).

(#P900_90111) See 4 Yearly Review of Modern Awards: Preliminary Jurisdictional Issues [2014] FWCFB 1788 at para. 32; Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association and Another (No. 2) [2012] FCA 480; (2012) 205 FCR 227 at para. 35 per Tracey J.

(#P901_90855) See [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 10.

(#P906_91948) [2014] FCAFC 118 at para. 109.

(#P911_92195) See McPherson G submission, 17 March 2016; The Essential Points submission in reply, 15 April 2016.

(#P914_92628) AHA & TAA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 3; R&CA submission, 27 March 2016 at p. 15, para. 43; South Australian Wine Industry Association Incorporated submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 8.

(#P915_92989) CCIQ submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 6, paras 24-26.

(#P922_93819) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 3, para. 1.

(#P929_94405) Ibid at p. 5, para. 12.

(#P932_94575) ACCER submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 2, paras 1-2.

(#P933_94973) Transcript of Proceedings, 10 May 2016 at paras 359-366.

(#P940_95713) ACCER submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 3, para. 6.

(#P947_96137) CCIQ submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 6, para. 27; CCIWA submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 2, para. 2.1; p. 9, para. 5.5.

(#P950_96461) CCIWA submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 9, para. 5.2.

(#P953_96985) Ibid at p. 9, para. 5.3.

(#P956_97118) NRA submission of 29 March 2016 at p. 1, paras 5-6.

(#P957_97373) Ibid at p. 1, para. 9.

(#P958_97569) Ibid at p. 1, para. 8.

(#P967_98138) MGA submission of 29 March 2016 at p. 3; NFF submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 16, para. 39.

(#P970_98464) ACCI submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 4, para. 2; p. 36.

(#P971_98587) AFEI submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 27, para. 94; ARA submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 4; MTAs submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 4; and Business SA submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 8.

(#P974_98989) Ai Group submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 4; p. 29.

(#P977_99337) Ibid at p. 4.

(#P982_99528) ABI submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 2.

(#P983_99821) Ibid at p. 16.

(#P990_100637) Australian Government submission of 6 April 2016 at p. 2, para. 12.

(#P991_100887) Ibid at p. 1, para. 7.

(#P992_100982) Ibid at p. 1, para. 4.

(#P993_101071) Ibid at p. 2, para. 12.

(#P996_101229) New South Wales Government submission of 7 April 2016 at p. 4, para. 10.

(#P997_101519) Ibid at p. 4, para. 7.

(#P1000_101781) Western Australian Government submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 1, para. 8.

(#P1001_101974) Ibid at p. 7, para. 31.

(#P1004_102268) HIA submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 8.

(#P1009_102788) Queensland Government submission of 6 April 2016 at p. 2.

(#P1012_103108) South Australian Government submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 17, para. 62.

(#P1015_103422) Victorian Government submission of 24 March 2016 at p. 4, para. 1.

(#P1016_103787) Ibid at p. 4, para. 1.

(#P1019_103964) ACOSS submission of 7 April 2016 at p. 10.

(#P1022_104310) Ibid at p. 9.

(#P1029_104811) AHA & TAA submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 3.

(#P1030_104961) Ibid at p. 3.

(#P1031_105090) Ibid at p. 3.

(#P1034_105368) R&CA submission of 27 March 2016 at p. 15, para. 47.

(#P1037_105685) South Australian Wine Industry Association Incorporated submission of 30 March 2016 at p. 8.

(#P1044_106689) Fair Work Commission, Annual Wage Review 2015-16, .

(#P1049_107600) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 7-8.

(#P1054_108519) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2016-17, Canberra, pp. 7-3-7-22, Statement 7: Forecasting Performance and Scenario Analysis.

(#P1055_108726) RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, February 2016, pp. 62-63.

(#P1058_109086) Aylmer C and Gill T (2003), Business surveys and economic activity, Research Discussion Paper 2003-01; RBA, February, Bishop J, Gill T and Lancaster D (2013), GDP revisions: measurement and implications, RBA Bulletin, March Quarter; Bullen J, Greenwell J, Kouparitsas M, Muller D, O'Leary J and Wilcox R (2014), Treasury's medium-term economic projection methodology, Treasury Working Paper 2014-02, May; Clark J, Gibbons C, Morrissey S, Pooley J, Pye E, Wilcox R and Willard L (2013), Estimates of uncertainty around budget forecasts, Treasury Working Paper 2013-04, January; Pagan A and Wilcox D (2016), External review: Reserve Bank of Australia Economic Group forecasts and analysis, April; Park A (2011), Business surveys and economic activity, RBA Bulletin, December Quarter; Roberts I and Simon J (2001), What do sentiment surveys measure?, Research Discussion Paper 2001-09, RBA, November; Tease W (2015), Review of Treasury's macroeconomic forecasting capabilities, Commonwealth of Australia; and Tulip P and Wallace S (2012), Estimates of uncertainty around the RBA's forecasts, Research Discussion Paper 2012-07, RBA, November.

(#P1061_111035) Tulip P and Wallace S (2012), Estimates of uncertainty around the RBA's forecasts, Research Discussion Paper 2012-07, RBA, November.

(#P1064_111321) For example: ACCI, Business Expectations Survey, March 2016; Ai Group, Australian PMI, PSI and PCI, April 2016; NAB, Quarterly Business Survey, December 2015; and Sensis, Business Index, March 2016.

(#P1065_112041) Aylmer C and Gill T (2003), Business surveys and economic activity, Research Discussion Paper 2003-01, RBA, February.

(#P1068_112771) [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 203; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 265 and 438-442; [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 226-228; and [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 266-275.

(#P1069_113362) ARA submission at pp. 11-12; ARA, Minimum Wage Review 2015 submission, March 2015, at pp. 9-10; ARA, Minimum Wage Review 2014 submission, March 2014, at p. 10; ARA, Minimum wage submission 2013, March 2013, at p. 12; ARA, Minimum Wage Review 2012 submission, March 2012, at p. 12; ARA, Submission to 2011 Federal Minimum Wage Review, March 2011, at pp. 25-26; ARA, Submission to 2010 Federal Minimum Wage Review, March 2010, at p. 21.

(#P1072_114072) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 2, para. 11; p. 3, para. 18.

(#P1075_114468) PC Report at pp. 52 and 233, Recommendation 4.1. The discussion of the issue by the PC is set out at p. 232.

(#P1078_115077) Australian Government response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at p. 3.

(#P1079_115172) ACTU response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at pp. 2-3.

(#P1080_115251) ACCI response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at p. 6.

(#P1081_115345) The Essential Points response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at pp. 3-4.

(#P1084_116032) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2016-17, Statement 7: Forecasting Performance and Scenario Analysis; and RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, February 2016, pp. 62-63.

(#P1101_121005) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, p. 1-5, Statement 1: Budget Overview.

(#P1119_122423) ABS, Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2015, Catalogue No. 5206.0.

(#P1122_122819) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para 191.

(#P1123_123073) ABS, Retail Trade, Australia, Mar 2016, Catalogue No. 8501.0.

(#P1126_123718) ABS, Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2015, Catalogue No. 5206.0.

(#P1129_124169) Ibid: Glossary.

(#P1132_124433) ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 19, para. 74.

(#P1133_124723) Ibid at para. 76.

(#P1134_124814) Ibid at para. 78.

(#P1149_127162) RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, May 2016, p. 57.

(#P1160_129149) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 29.

(#P1163_129574) ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 19, paras 74 -75.

(#P1164_129959) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 29.

(#P1167_130352) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 169.

(#P1170_130853) ABS, Private New Capital Expenditure and Expected Expenditure, Australia, Dec 2015, Catalogue No. 5625.0.

(#P1171_131165) Other selected industries includes Electricity, gas, water and waste services; Construction; Wholesale trade; Retail trade; Transport, postal and warehousing; Information media and telecommunications; Finance and insurance (excluding Superannuation funds); Rental, hiring and real estate services; Professional, scientific and technical services; Accommodation and food services; Administrative and support services; Arts and recreation services; and Other services.

(#P1179_132105) ABS, Private New Capital Expenditure and Expected Expenditure, Australia, Dec 2015, Catalogue No. 5625.0.

(#P1182_132342) ABS, Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2015 Catalogue No. 5206.0.

(#P1207_133924) Davis K, McCarthy M and Bridges J (2016), The Labour Market during and after the terms of trade Boom, RBA Bulletin, March Quarter, pp. 1-10.

(#P1210_134805) Ibid at p.8.

(#P1215_135104) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 147-160.

(#P1401_138741) Australian Government submission at p. 18, para. 96; ABS, Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2015, Catalogue No. 5206.0.

(#P1402_139081) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 18, para. 96.

(#P1403_139270) ABS, Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2015, Catalogue No. 5206.0

(#P1406_139821) Ibid.

(#P1409_140123) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 44, para. 132, Figure 19.

(#P1410_140320) Ibid, at pp. 44-45, para. 132, Figure 20.

(#P1413_140406) Mavromaras K, Sloane P and Zhu R (National Institute of Labour Studies) (2016), An international comparison of minimum wages and labour market outcomes, Research report 1/2016, Fair Work Commission, February.

(#P1414_141005) Ibid at p. 24.

(#P1417_141384) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 43, para. 128, Figure 18.

(#P1420_141941) ABS, Australian System of National Accounts, 2014-15, Catalogue No. 5204.0.

(#P1423_142689) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 47, para. 212.

(#P1428_143243) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 171.

(#P1431_143626) Resolution Foundation (2014), M_ore than a minimum: the Resolution Foundation review of the future of the National Minimum Wage - the final report_, p. 25, .

(#P1432_143926) Croucher R and Rizov M (2011), The impact of the UK national minimum wage on productivity by low-paying sectors and firm-size groups, report to the Low Pay Commission, London, March 2011; Riley R and Rosazza Bondibene C (2013) The Impact of the National Minimum Wage on Firm Behaviour During Recession, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.

(#P1433_144339) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 192.

(#P1434_144579) Riley R and Rosazza Bondibene C (2013), The impact of the national minimum wage on firm behaviour during a recession, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, report to the Low Pay Commission, at pp. 22-23.

(#P1445_146312) ABS, Business Indicators, Australia, Dec 2015, Catalogue No. 5676.0.

(#P1486_148034) Statistical Report at p. 7, Chart 3.3.

(#P1489_148419) ABS, Counts of Australian Businesses, Including Entries and Exits, June 2011 to June 2015, Catalogue No. 8165.0.

(#P1492_149079) ABS, Counts of Australian Businesses, Including Entries and Exits, June 2011 to June 2015, Catalogue No. 8165.0.

(#P1598_153786) RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, May 2016, p. 55.

(#P1599_154086) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 57, Figure 28.

(#P1604_154623) Ibid at p. 57, para. 161; RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, February 2016, p. 57.

(#P1609_155628) RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, May 2016, p. 58.

(#P1612_155927) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 209.

(#P1626_157301) RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, May 2016, p. 52.

(#P1631_157555) ABS, Labour Force, Australia, Oct 2014, Catalogue No. 6202.0: Removing the Effect of Supplementary Surveys From Seasonally Adjusted Estimates.

(#P1642_158477) Australian Government submission at p. 21, Chart 4.8.

(#P1654_159388) ABS, Labour Force, Australia, Apr 2016, Catalogue No. 6202.0.

(#P1667_162987) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2016-17, Canberra, p. 2-26.

(#P1966_169165) Statistical Report at p. 21, Table 6.9.

(#P1967_169423) Ibid at p. 22, Table 6.10.

(#P1970_170467) ABS, Labour Force, Australia - Electronic Delivery, Mar 2016, Catalogue No. 6291.0.55.001.

(#P1973_170731) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 25, Chart 4.4.

(#P1987_172495) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 231; ABS, Underemployed Workers, Australia, September 2013, Catalogue No. 6265.0.

(#P1990_172760) ABS, Labour Force, Australia - Electronic Delivery, Mar 2016, Catalogue No. 6291.0.55.001.

(#P1995_173374) ABS, Labour Force, Australia, Apr 2016, Catalogue No. 6202.0: Table 22.

(#P1998_174037) Ai Group submission in reply, 15 April 2016 at p. 11.

(#P2006_174750) ABS, Underemployed Workers, Australia, September 2013, Catalogue No. 6265.0, Table 5.

(#P2009_175577) Breunig R, Gong X and Leslie G (2014), 'The dynamics of satisfaction with working hours in Australia: the usefulness of panel data in evaluating the case for policy intervention', Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 130-154.

(#P2010_176093) Ibid at p. 140.

(#P2011_176422) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 4, para. 27.

(#P2012_176773) Breunig et al. (2014) at p. 143.

(#P2019_177530) Borland J (2015), 'The Australian labour market: the more things change…', The Australian Economic Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 225-242.

(#P2020_178268) Statistical Report at p. 23, Table 6.12.

(#P2025_178532) ABS, Labour Force, Australia, Apr 2016, Catalogue No. 6202.0.

(#P2035_179726) See [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 235-236.

(#P2042_181062) ABS, Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2014, Catalogue No. 6306.0.

(#P2160_183472) See [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 281-284.

(#P2239_187353) R&CA submission, 27 March 2016 at p. 3; MGA submission, 29 March 2016 at pp. 4-5; MTAs submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 3; NFF submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 5, CCIWA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 2, HIA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 3; and CCIQ submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 2, 6.

(#P2242_187903) ABS, Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits, June 2011 to June 2015, Catalogue No. 8165.0: Summary of Findings.

(#P2243_188234) MGA submission, 29 March 2016 at p. 8.

(#P2244_188381) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 35, Chart 5.2.

(#P2256_189821) AFEI submission at p. 24. This information was published in Nicholls S and Orsmond D (2015), 'The economic trends, challenges and behaviour of small businesses in Australia', in Moore A and Simon J (eds), Small business conditions and finance, Reserve Bank of Australia, proceedings of a conference, 19-20 March, Sydney.

(#P2259_190619) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 33, para. 165.

(#P2262_190985) Ibid at p. 34, paras 167-168.

(#P2265_191348) Australian Government response to questions for consultations, 6 May 2016 at p. 13.

(#P2270_192061) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at pp. 37-44.

(#P2271_192237) Australian Government response to questions for consultations, 6 May 2016 at p. 15.

(#P2274_192725) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 40, Chart 5.6; p. 42, Chart 5.9.

(#P2276_193166) Ibid at p. 43, Chart 5.10.

(#P2278_193638) Ibid at p. 43, Chart 5.11.

(#P2283_194358) Nicholls S and Orsmond D (2015), 'The economic trends, challenges and behaviour of small businesses in Australia', in Moore A and Simon J (eds), Small business conditions and finance, Reserve Bank of Australia, proceedings of a conference, 19-20 March, Sydney.

(#P2293_195813) Ibid at pp. 15-17.

(#P2302_196700) Ibid at pp. 23-25.

(#P2305_197082) Ibid at p. 18.

(#P2308_197473) ABS, Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2014, Catalogue No. 6306.0.

(#P2315_199583) AHA & TAA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 3; R&CA submission, 27 March 2016 at p. 6, paras 16-17; ARA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 5; MGA submission, 29 March 2016 at pp. 13-16; HIA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 5; South Australian Wine Industry Association Incorporated submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 6, p. 8; NFF submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 13, p. 16; MTAs submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 3-4; and Business SA submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 4-5.

(#P2318_200485) R&CA submission, 27 March 2016 at p. 11, paras 33-34.

(#P2319_200613) Ibid at pp. 11-15, paras 36-41.

(#P2320_200878) [2014] FWCFB 1996.

(#P2323_201079) HIA submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 4; MTAs submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 7-8; and NFF submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 7.

(#P2324_201403) [2013] FWCFB 5411.

(#P2325_201601) See also [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 263.

(#P2330_202088) South Australian Government submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 14, para. 56; Western Australian Government submission at, 30 March 2016 p. 2, para. 13.

(#P2331_202458) Western Australian Government submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 1, para. 3.

(#P2332_202713) Ibid at p. 1, para. 4.

(#P2335_202908) Queensland Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 8.

(#P2336_203168) Ibid at p. 8.

(#P2337_203332) Ibid at p. 9.

(#P2346_204764) Australian Government, Budget Paper No 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook Budget 2016-17, Canberra, pp. 2-3-2-4.

(#P2349_205483) Ibid at p. 2-5.

(#P2384_207186) Ibid at pp. 2-10-2-14.

(#P2389_207531) Ibid at p. 1-7.

(#P2639_212555) RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, May 2016, p. 59.

(#P2642_212926) Ibid at p. 62.

(#P2645_213392) Ibid at p. 62.

(#P2650_213554) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 9, Chart 5.

(#P2661_214396) Ibid at pp. 10-12; Ai Group, CEO Survey: Business Prospects 2016.

(#P2662_214682) Ai Group response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at p. 13.

(#P2663_214961) Ibid at pp. 14-15.

(#P2664_215112) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 11, Chart 7.

(#P2667_215671) Ibid at p. 11.

(#P2672_216743) NAB Group Economics, NAB Monthly Business Survey, March 2016.

(#P2682_217621) ABS, Job Vacancies, Australia, Feb 2016, Catalogue No. 6354.0.

(#P2683_217754) ANZ Research, Job Advertisement Series, March 2016.

(#P2719_224052) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 361.

(#P2730_225296) ACCER submission, 30 March 2016 at para. 45.

(#P2731_225378) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 85.

(#P2738_227565) MGA submission, 29 March at p. 7.

(#P2739_227789) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 269.

(#P2740_228352) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 275.

(#P2745_229336) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 8, para. 40.

(#P2750_230328) See [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 319.

(#P2755_230923) OECD, Minimum relative to average wages of full-time workers, .

(#P2793_232143) SACS Award.

(#P2800_232825) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 9, para. 47.

(#P2803_233111) Ibid at p. 9, para. 48.

(#P2806_233574) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 26, para. 85.

(#P2809_233654) Wright S and Buchanan J (2013), Award reliance, Research Report 6/2013, Fair Work Commission, December, Melbourne.

(#P2810_233911) Ibid at p. 67.

(#P2815_234471) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 321.

(#P2824_235948) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 60, para. 261.

(#P2826_236168) Ibid at p. 60, para. 262.

(#P2828_236708) Ibid at p. 60, para. 263, Table 8.1.

(#P2829_236880) Ibid at p. 60, para. 263.

(#P2831_237223) Ibid at p. 61, para. 265, Table 8.2.

(#P2833_237467) Ibid at p. 61, para. 266.

(#P2842_238696) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 59.

(#P2901_241926) ACTU submission at p. 93, para. 254.

(#P2904_242785) ABS, Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, Nov 2015, Catalogue No. 6302.0.

(#P2971_244262) Australian Government submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 60, para. 262.

(#P2972_244448) Ibid at p. 56, Chart 7.2.

(#P2975_244676) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 90, para. 243.

(#P2976_244939) Ibid at p. 88, para. 241.

(#P2984_245458) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at p. 8, para. 21, Figure 1.

(#P2987_245810) Minimum Wage Act (Germany) 11 August 2014, BGBI, 2014, p. 1348. See also Amlinger M, Bispinck R and Schulten T, The German Minimum Wage: Experience and Perspectives After One Year, WSI Institute of Economic and Social Research, WSI - Report No 28e, 1/2016.

(#P2988_246439) Chancellor George Osborne's Summer Budget 2015 speech, ; National Minimum Wage: Low Pay Commission remit 2016, 8 July 2015, , Low Pay Commission consultation letter 2016, 13 April 2016, .

(#P3137_253966) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 64, para. 281; p. 65, Table 8.4.

(#P3146_254655) ACCER submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 9-10, paras 35-39.

(#P3147_254815) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 323-324.

(#P3148_255364) Ibid at para. 143.

(#P3149_255393) Ibid at paras 336-337.

(#P3154_255800) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 346.

(#P3157_256375) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at pp. 10-11, para 54.

(#P3162_256793) Ibid at p. 11, para. 55.

(#P3167_257262) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 85.

(#P3168_257616) ABS, Household Income and Wealth, Australia, 2013-14, Catalogue No. 6523.0; Table 5.3.

(#P3171_258134) Ibid: Explanatory Notes at paras 30-31.

(#P3176_259916) PC Report at p. 217.

(#P3179_259970) HILDA Survey, release 14 (December 2015), wave 14_._

(#P3180_260412) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at pp. 11-12, para. 57.

(#P3197_261995) PC Report at p. 209.

(#P3198_262440) Ibid at p. 208.

(#P3208_263133) ACTU submission in reply, 15 April 2016 at p. 25, para. 69.

(#P3209_263598) Ibid at p. 26, para. 70.

(#P3212_263704) ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 5, para. 9; p. 28, para. 129.

(#P3213_263900) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at pp. 2-3, para. 15; p. 14, paras 63-64.

(#P3214_264239) Ibid at p. 5, para. 33.

(#P3215_264423) Ibid at p. 14, para 64.

(#P3218_264704) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 396.

(#P3219_264849) Ibid at para. 360.

(#P3220_265047) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 338.

(#P3225_266254) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 344.

(#P3228_266591) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 66, Table 8.6.

(#P3233_267427) PC Report at p. 212.

(#P3236_267627) ACTU, Submission to Annual Wage Review 2014-15, p. 44, Figure 25 and Figure 26. See also [2014] FWCFB 3500 at p. 244.

(#P3237_267894) OECD (2015), 'Recent labour market developments with a focus on minimum wages', in OECD, OECD Employment Outlook 2015, OECD Publishing, Paris, pp. 19-62, at p. 49, citing various US and UK research papers and a study of wage inequality across 11 OECD countries in Koeniger W, Leonardi M and Nunziata L (2007), 'Labour Market Institutions and Wage Inequality', Industrial and Labour Relations Review, Vol. 60/3, pp. 340-356.

(#P3238_268483) OECD (2015), 'Recent labour market developments with a focus on minimum wages', in OECD, OECD Employment Outlook 2015, OECD Publishing, Paris, pp. 19-62, at p. 49.

(#P3239_268796) Dube A (2013), Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes, unpublished Working Paper, December, https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/15038936/Dube_MinimumWagesFamilyIncomes.pdf.

(#P3240_269184) Ibid at p. 30.

(#P3241_269478) Ibid at p. 34.

(#P3246_270151) Statistical Report at p. 31, Table 8.3.

(#P3249_270477) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at pp. 62-63, para. 273, Table 8.3.

(#P3250_270768) ACCER submission in reply, 15 April 2016 at p. 29, para. 35-36.

(#P3253_271676) Ibid at p. 65, Table 8.5.

(#P3254_271830) Ibid at p. 65, para. 282.

(#P3255_273063) Ibid at p. 65, Table 8.5.

(#P3258_273321) ACCER submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 167-169, Tables 19 and 20.

(#P3259_273938) Ibid at pp. 168-169, para. 538.

(#P3264_275416) Ibid at p. 124, Table 10.

(#P3267_276026) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 65, para. 283, Table 8.6.

(#P3274_276909) Dabla-Norris E, Kochhar K, Suphaphiphat, N, Ricka F and Tsounta E (2015), Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective, IMF Staff Discussion Note, June https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1513.pdf; OECD (2015), In It Together: Why Less Inequality Benefits All, May, http://www.oecd.org/social/in-it-together-why-less-inequality-benefits-all-9789264235120-en.htm.

(#P3275_277353) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para 425.

(#P3278_277629) ABS, Household Income and Wealth, Australia, 2013-14, Catalogue No. 6523.0.

(#P3279_277902) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 94.

(#P3289_278953) Ibid at p. 95, Table 11.

(#P3292_279494) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 61, para. 266-267, Chart 8.1.

(#P3301_280216) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 387.

(#P3302_280437) Ibid at para. 383.

(#P3316_282752) Based on the Statistical Report at p. 30, Table 8.2..

(#P3610_290353) Statistical Report at p. 30, Table 8.2.

(#P3613_290894) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 97-98, paras 276, 278; citing Cassells R, Dockery AM and Duncan A (2014), 'Falling Through the Cracks: Poverty and Disadvantage in Australia', Focus on the States Report Series, No. 1, October, Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin University, Perth, p. 6.

(#P3614_291440) ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at pp. 6-7; ACOSS (2014), Poverty in Australia, ACOSS, Sydney.

(#P3617_291992) Statistical Report at p. 33, Table 8.4.

(#P3618_292435) Transcript of Proceedings, 10 May 2016, at para. 395.

(#P3625_293281) ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 18; ACCER submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 185-187, paras 596-599.

(#P3626_293588) ACCER submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 186, para. 599.

(#P3629_293889) Fair Work Australia (2011), Measuring the Needs of the Low Paid, Report to the Minimum Wage Panel, 14 December, PR517718.

(#P3630_294313) Ibid at para. 17.

(#P3631_294579) ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 9.

(#P3645_297356) Statistical Report at pp. 35-36, Tables 10.1 and 10.2.

(#P3652_298277) Statistical Report at p. 37, Table 10.3.

(#P3695_305994) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 419.

(#P3698_306227) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at p. 16 para. 51.

(#P3701_306670) Ibid.

(#P3712_308058) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 32, para. 160.

(#P3713_308154) ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 20, para. 83.

(#P3716_308619) Australian Government submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 57, para. 248; Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at pp. 7-8, paras 18-21; ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 13-16, paras 41-54; Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 21-22; ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 10-11, paras 27-28; ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 17-19; AFEI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 17, para. 50.

(#P3717_309572) Productivity Commission (2016), Computable General Equilibrium Modelling of Workplace Relations, Workplace Relations Framework - Technical Supplement, Canberra; Productivity Commission (2015), Exploring the effects of minimum wage increases on employment using a large administrative dataset, Workplace Relations Framework - Technical Supplement, Canberra.

(#P3724_310829) PC Report at p. 177.

(#P3727_311196) PC technical supplement (2015), Exploring the effects of minimum wage increases on employment using a large administrative dataset, p. 67.

(#P3730_312194) Ibid at pp. 65-66.

(#P3733_312438) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 14, para. 47.

(#P3736_312683) ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 13, para. 39.

(#P3737_312866) Ibid at p. 12, paras 33-35.

(#P3740_313475) Australian Government submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 60, para. 261.

(#P3745_314560) The Rt Hon George Osborne MP, Summer Budget 2015 speech, https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/chancellor-george-osbornes-summer-budget-2015-speech.

(#P3746_314972) Her Majesty's Treasury (2015), Summer Budget 2015, OGL, July, p. 87.

(#P3749_315385) ACCI submission in reply, 15 April 2016 at p. 6, para. 12.

(#P3750_316216) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at p. 8, para. 19.

(#P3753_316552) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at pp. 26-29, paras 128-144.

(#P3760_317709) Research Report 1/2016, p. 37, Table 3.21.

(#P3801_319418) Ibid at pp. 31-32; Tables 3.15 and 3.16.

(#P3802_319682) Ibid.

(#P3805_320314) Ibid at p. 36; Olssen A (2011), The Short-Run Effects of Age Based Youth Minimum Wages in Australia: a Regression Discontinuity Approach, paper presented at the New Zealand Association of Economists' Conference, 29 June-1 July.

(#P3810_321288) Statistical Report at p. 23, Table 6.12.

(#P3811_321626) For example, Borland J (2015), 'The Australian labour market: the more things change…', The Australian Economic Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 225-242.

(#P3814_322305) ACOSS, Submission to the Annual Wage Review 2012-13, at p. 41.

(#P3817_323036) Transcript of Proceedings, 11 May 2016 at para. 571: Aaronson, French and Sorkin (2016), The long-run employment effects of the minimum wage: a putty-clay perspective, unpublished manuscript, p. 4.

(#P3818_323573) Ibid at p. 5.

(#P3821_324721) ACCI submission in reply, 15 April at p. 13, para 43.

(#P3830_326343) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 437.

(#P3833_326661) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 58, para. 253.

(#P3840_328198) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 58, paras 255-257.

(#P3843_328410) ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 34.

(#P3844_328614) Ibid at p. 33.

(#P3847_329114) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 81, Appendix C.

(#P3852_329777) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 442.

(#P3861_330446) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 52, para. 231.

(#P3864_330891) Ibid at p. 52, para. 233; Australian Government (Department of Employment), Further response to question on notice from the Expert Panel, 13 May 2016.

(#P3869_332557) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 446, Table 6.2.

(#P3874_334454) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 53, Tables 7.1 and 7.2.

(#P3877_335069) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at p. 17, para. 55.

(#P3880_335677) ACTU submission in reply, 15 April 2016 at pp. 22-23, para. 59.

(#P3883_336218) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 453.

(#P3888_337037) Broadway B and Wilkins R (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research) (2015) Low-paid women's workforce participation decisions and pay equity, A report for the Pay Equity Unit of the Fair Work Commission, December, p. 14.

(#P3943_338391) PC Report at p. 205, Box 4.6.

(#P3951_339214) PC Report at p. 208; ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 31, para. 140.

(#P3984_345232) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 457.

(#P3985_345458) Ibid at para. 459.

(#P3988_345710) Ibid at para. 473.

(#P3991_346298) Ibid at para. 462.

(#P3993_346462) Ibid at para. 463.

(#P4001_346921) Employees classified as "award only" had their rate of pay specified by an award and were not paid more than that rate of pay.

(#P4002_347311) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 465-466.

(#P4005_347462) Ibid at para. 467.

(#P4010_347819) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 51, para. 222.

(#P4011_348037) Ibid at p. 50, para. 220.

(#P4014_348281) Ibid at p. 51, para. 229.

(#P4017_348567) ACCI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 35, para. 158.

(#P4018_348885) Ibid at p. 36, para. 156.

(#P4021_349302) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 28.

(#P4022_349593) Ibid at p. 28; citing [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 472.

(#P4025_350010) AFEI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 23, paras 80-81.

(#P4028_350377) Ibid at pp. 22-23, para. 81.

(#P4031_350637) Western Australian Government submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 6, para. 25.

(#P4032_350854) Ibid at p. 6, para. 24.

(#P4035_351039) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 28-29, para. 93.

(#P4038_351415) Ibid at pp. 28-29, para. 93.

(#P4041_351617) Ibid at p. 29, para. 94.

(#P4042_351826) Ibid at p. 29, para. 96.

(#P4045_352336) Ibid at pp. 28-29, para. 93.

(#P4048_352565) Queensland Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 12.

(#P4049_352833) Ibid at p. 12.

(#P4050_353046) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 29, para. 98.

(#P4053_353363) South Australian Government submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 3, para. 4.

(#P4056_353659) New South Wales Government submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 8, para. 39.

(#P4057_353895) Ibid at p. 8, para. 40.

(#P4058_354136) Ibid at p. 8, para. 42.

(#P4071_355082) AFEI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 23, para. 81.

(#P4074_355636) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 472.

(#P4080_356370) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 472; [2010] FWAFB 4000 at para. 302; [2011] FWAFB 3400 at para. 281 and [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 222.

(#P4103_359204) See Layton R, Smith M and Stewart A (2013), Equal Remuneration under the Fair Work Act 2009, A Report for the Pay Equity Unit of the Fair Work Commission, p. 103; Romeyn J, Archer S-K and Leung E (2011), Review of equal remuneration principles, Research Report 5/2011, Fair Work Australia, pp. 49, 60.

(#P4110_360544) ABS, Gender Indicators, Australia, February 2016, Catalogue No. 4125.0.

(#P4113_360884) Ibid: Economic Security.

(#P4144_362100) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 63, para. 274.

(#P4145_362289) South Australian Government submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 10, para. 34.

(#P4148_362545) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 108-109, para. 311.

(#P4151_362766) Ibid, at p. 108, para. 310.

(#P4154_363011) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at p. 14, para. 46; referring to Workplace Gender Equality Agency (2015), Australia's gender equality scorecard; Key findings from the Workplace Gender Equality Agency's 2014-15 reporting data, November at https://www.wgea.gov.au/sites/default/files/2014-15-WGEA\_SCORECARD.pdf.

(#P4157_363471) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 476-484.

(#P4158_363650) Ibid at para. 490; referring to Pointon M, Wheatley T, Ellis G and MacDermott K (2012), Award Reliance and Differences in Earnings by Gender, Research Report 3/2012, Fair Work Commission, February, p. 7.

(#P4159_364202) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at paras 480-481.

(#P4160_364415) Ibid at para. 481.

(#P4167_366003) ILO (2012), Giving globalisation a human face: General survey on the Fundamental Conventions concerning rights at work in light of the ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalisation, 2008, Report of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations International Labour Conference, 101st Session, International Labour Office, Geneva, pp. 279-280.

(#P4172_366696) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 492.

(#P4173_366792) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at para. 319; [2011] FWAFB 3400 at para. 296; [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 231; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 484; and [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 489.

(#P4176_367153) Rozenbes D and Farmakis-Gamboni S (2015), Earnings and characteristics of employees by gender and industrial arrangement, a report for the Pay Equity Unit of the Fair Work Commission, December; and Broadway B and Wilkins R (2015).

(#P4179_367729) Rozenbes D and Farmakis-Gamboni S (2015), p. 19.

(#P4180_368297) Ibid.

(#P4183_369020) Broadway B and Wilkins R (2015), pp. 12-13.

(#P4184_369192) Ibid at p. 12.

(#P4185_369440) Ibid at p. vi.

(#P4188_369675) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 64, para. 275; referring to Rozenbes D and Farmakis-Gamboni S (2015) and Broadway B and Wilkins R (2015).

(#P4189_369985) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 29; Broadway B and Wilkins R (2015), pp. v-vi.

(#P4192_370237) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at pp. 13-14, para. 44 referring to Austen S, Jefferson T, Preston A and Seymour R (2008), Gender pay differentials in low-paid employment, report commissioned by the Australian Fair Pay Commission, Research Report No. 3/09.

(#P4193_370812) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at p. 14, para. 47.

(#P4196_371251) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 108, para. 308.

(#P4201_371499) Australian Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 5, para. 34.

(#P4202_371666) Ibid at p. 64, para. 278.

(#P4203_371899) Ibid at p. 64, para. 276.

(#P4208_372394) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p.109, para. 313.

(#P4211_372592) ACTU submission in reply, 15 April 2016 at p. 21, para. 50.

(#P4212_372829) ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 7.

(#P4215_373232) Queensland Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 12.

(#P4218_373468) South Australian Government submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 10, para. 34.

(#P4219_373811) Victorian Government submission, 24 March 2016 at pp. 4-5, para. 7; p. 13, paras. 42-43.

(#P4222_374075) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 29.

(#P4229_374704) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 488.

(#P4230_374880) Wright S and Buchanan J (2013), Award reliance, Research Report 6/2013_,_ Fair Work Commission, December, Table 4.16.

(#P4231_375201) Ibid at p. 106.

(#P4243_376146) [2015] FWCFB 8200.

(#P4246_377661) Ibid at para. 292.

(#P4251_378167) ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 24.

(#P4260_378602) Some transitional APCSs may still operate. This includes (but is not limited to) instruments which cover employees also covered by enterprise awards for which an application to modernise has been made; employees also covered by State reference public sector awards for which an application to modernise has been made; or cover employees also covered by the Social, Community, Home Care and Disability Industry Award 2010.

(#P4263_379131) Some Division 2A State reference transitional awards may still operate such as where they are related to awards that have not been terminated under the termination of instruments process or if they cover Queensland apprentices/trainees.

(#P4267_379548) Some Division 2B State reference transitional awards may still operate such as where they are related to awards that have not been terminated under the termination of instruments process or if they cover Queensland apprentices/trainees.

(#P4272_380017) Some Division 2B State awards may still operate such as where they cover: employees also covered by enterprise instruments; employees also covered by State reference public sector awards; or a Queensland apprentice/trainee.

(#P4275_380322) Two transitional pay equity orders currently operate, created under sch 3, item 43 and Sch 3A, item 30A of the Transitional Act respectively. The Panel must review and may make a determination varying the transitional pay equity order created under sch 3A, sub item 30D(1) to the extent that it is derived from the Queensland Community Services and Crisis Assistance Award - State 2008.

(#P4277_380744) See discussion further for whom these instruments apply.

(#P4280_380921) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at paras 370-396.

(#P4281_381013) Dunn A and Bray G (2010), Minimum wage transitional instruments under the Fair Work Act 2009 and the Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 2009, Research Report 06/2010, Fair Work Australia, June.

(#P4282_381356) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 550-561.

(#P4287_382047) Transitional Act, items 5(2) and 9(4) of Sch 6.

(#P4289_382273) Ibid, items 5(3), 6 and 10(1) of Sch 6A.

(#P4291_382459) For example, certain instruments that covered employees who were also covered by the Social, Community, Home Care and Disability Industry Award 2010 were preserved by the [2010] FWAFB 9916 at para. 44. As at the date of this decision, they have not yet been terminated.

(#P4294_383130) A more detailed outline of these instruments can be found at [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 553-559.

(#P4295_383301) Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2009, items 10 and 20 of Sch. 9, item 12A(6) of Sch. 3 and item 30D of Sch. 3A.

(#P4296_383712) The Fair Work (Transfer of Business) Amendment Act 2012, which commenced on 4 December 2012, introduced Part 6.3 into the Act. A copied State award continues to operate under the national system for a period of five years, unless terminated or extended by regulation. See s.768AO of the Fair Work Act.

(#P4297_384140) The provisions of the Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2009 dealing with the variation of Division 2B State awards in annual wage reviews also apply to copied State awards. Sections 768BY and 768AW(b) of the Fair Work Act.

(#P4302_385446) Queensland Government submission, 6 April 2016 at p. 4 and pp. 12-14.

(#P4305_385670) Created under Sch. 3, item 43 and Sch. 3A, item 30A of the Transitional Act respectively.

(#P4306_385901) Created under Sch. 3A, sub-item 30D(1) as modified by Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2009 (Reg. 3A.01B).

(#P4307_386170) See [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 555.

(#P4310_386357) PR525485.

(#P4315_387733) ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 23-24.

(#P4318_388135) ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 24.

(#P4325_389151) ACCI response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at pp. 1-2.

(#P4328_389450) [2010] FWAFB 9916.

(#P4329_389693) MA000100.

(#P4332_390467) [2010] FWAFB 9916 at para. 44.

(#P4335_390690) Transitional Act, Sch 9, item 5-6 and Sch 5, item 3(2).

(#P4336_390910) [2010] FWAFB 9916 at para. 44.

(#P4337_391025) Transitional Act, item 10 (1) of Sch. 9 and item 12A of Sch. 3.

(#P4342_391524) See [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 560, [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 572; and [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 536.

(#P4349_392299) Transitional Act, item 12A of Sch. 3 and items 10 and 20 of Sch. 9.

(#P4354_392700) Fair Work Act, s.284(3).

(#P4359_392748) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 112, paras 323-324.

(#P4360_392819) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 30.

(#P4361_392874) ACOSS submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 10.

(#P4362_392926) ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 22.

(#P4371_393687) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 112, paras 323-324.

(#P4372_393758) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 30.

(#P4373_393813) ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 10.

(#P4374_393865) ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 22.

(#P4377_394299) [2013] FWCFB 5411; [2014] FWCFB 1846.

(#P4380_394650) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 112, para. 325; ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 23.

(#P4387_395010) Ibid at p. 113, para. 329.

(#P4388_395049) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 30.

(#P4389_395104) ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 10.

(#P4390_395155) ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 22.

(#P4393_395438) [2012] FCAFC 192.

(#P4394_395604) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 113, para. 329.

(#P4397_395929) Ibid at p. 113, paras 330-331; Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 30; ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 23.

(#P4400_396162) ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at pp. 38-39.

(#P4405_397037) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 552; [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 599; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 580; [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 303.

(#P4410_397191) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 114, para. 333.

(#P4411_397259) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 30.

(#P4418_397901) Fair Work Act, s.295(1)(b).

(#P4421_397982) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at para. 403.

(#P4422_398178) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 606.

(#P4423_398328) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 559.

(#P4426_398530) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 113-114, para. 332; Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 33; ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 22.

(#P4431_398914) [2011] FWAFB 3400 at para. 381; [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 308; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 586; [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 606; [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 559.

(#P4432_399199) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 113-114, para. 332; Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 33.

(#P4437_399538) MA000021.

(#P4438_399653) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 560.

(#P4443_400586) ACTU Business Equipment Award submission, 12 February 2016 at p. 4, para. 10.

(#P4446_400836) Ibid at pp. 4-5, para. 11.

(#P4449_400971) Ai Group Business Equipment Award submission, 11 February 2016 at p. 3; Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 32.

(#P4450_401388) Ai Group Business Equipment Award submission, 11 February 2016 at p. 4.

(#P4453_401942) Ibid at p. 4.

(#P4458_402311) [2009] AIRCFB 50 at para 85.

(#P4459_402496) See Transcript in Award Modernisation proceedings on 25 February 2009 at PN2089-2094 (submissions by the "Automotive, Food, Metals, Engineering, Printing and Kindred Industries Union" known as the Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union); Transcript in Award Modernisation proceedings on 26 February 2009 at PN2613-2635 (submissions by the Australian Municipal, Administrative, Clerical and Services Union); and PN2686-2728 (submissions by Ai Group).

(#P4460_403212) See Transcript in Award Modernisation proceedings on 25 February 2009 at PN2017-2037 (submissions by the Communications, Electrical, Electronic, Energy, Information, Postal, Plumbing and Allied Services Union of Australia); PN2089-2094 (submissions by the "Automotive, Food, Metals, Engineering, Printing and Kindred Industries Union" known as the Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union ); Transcript in Award Modernisation proceedings on 26 February 2009 at PN2613-2635 (submissions by the Australian Municipal, Administrative, Clerical and Services Union); and PN2686-2728 (submissions by Ai Group).

(#P4463_403940) [2009] AIRCFB 345.

(#P4468_405359) Ibid at paras 160-161.

(#P4477_406351) [2008] AIRCFB 717.

(#P4480_406779) Ibid at para. 20.

(#P4483_406895) [2008] AIRCFB 1000.

(#P4494_409787) Ibid, at paras 47-50.

(#P4499_410250) MA000036.

(#P4502_410620) [2009] AIRCFB 345 at para. 107.

(#P4505_410743) Casual employees under the Road Transport (Long Distance Operations) Award 2010 [MA000039] are paid a 15 per cent loading while driving (see clause 10.3(b)).

(#P4508_411386) [2009] AIRCFB 50 at para 85.

(#P4513_411863) Fair Work Act, s.284(3).

(#P4518_412852) Re: Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees' Association (2003) 135 IR 1 at para [11] (per Giudice J) and para [24] (per Watson SDP and Raffaelli C).

(#P4526_413686) ACTU and Ai Group Business Equipment Award joint submission, 6 April 2016 at para. 18.

(#P4537_414477) ACTU response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at p. 15.

(#P4538_414817) Ibid at p. 15.

(#P4539_414976) ACTU response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at p. 15.

(#P4548_415792) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 607-617.

(#P4549_416101) MA000104.

(#P4552_416768) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 614.

(#P4555_416871) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 568.

(#P4556_417006) National Minimum Wage Order 2015, clause 9.3.

(#P4561_418050) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at pp. 112-113, paras 320-331; ACOSS submission, 7 April 2016 at p. 35-39.

(#P4566_418416) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 31; ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 22.

(#P4573_419034) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 32; ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 23.

(#P4574_419346) Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 32; ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 23.

(#P4581_419930) [2015] FWCFB 3500 at para. 576.

(#P4584_420705) ACTU submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 113, paras 330-331; Ai Group submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 30; ABI submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 22.

(#P4591_421633) ACCER submission, 30 March 2016 at p. 4, para.11.

(#P4592_421857) Ibid at pp. 195-196, para. 637.

(#P4593_422175) Ibid at pp. 4-5, para. 12.

(#P4594_422453) Ibid at pp. 4-5, para. 12; p. 228, para. 733; pp. 229-230, para. 738.

(#P4599_423139) Fair Work Australia (2011), Measuring the Needs of the Low Paid, Report to the Minimum Wage Panel, 14 December, PR517718.

(#P4602_423489) ACCER submission regarding research proposals for the Annual Wage Review 2013-14 at p. 2, para. 5.

(#P4605_424092) [2013] FWCFB 7720 at para. 6.

(#P4608_424754) United Voice response to questions for consultations, 9 May 2016 at p. 1.

(#P4641_429503) [2015] FWC 7969.

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