Annual wage review [2015] FWCFB 3500 (2 June 2015)

(#P239_11194) The relevant statutory matters vary depending on the function being performed; see paras 4-5.

(#P242_11756) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 10.

(#P291_22537) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 361.

(#P306_25346) Annual Wage Review 2013-14 [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 85.

(#P333_31032) 21.4 per cent of females and 16.1 per cent of males were award reliant as at May 2014: ABS, Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2014, Catalogue No. 6306.0.

(#P340_32335) 43.4 per cent to 41.1 per cent and 41.4 per cent to 40.0 per cent respectively.

(#P341_32938) Employees classified as "award only" had their rate of pay specified by an award and were not paid more than that rate of pay.

(#P348_33737) [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 222.

(#P399_43256) Fair Work Act, s.285(2)(a)(i)-(ii); s.285(2)(c).

(#P402_43610) Fair Work Act, Part 2-6.

(#P425_44626) Fair Work Act, s.134(2)(b).

(#P464_46481) 4 Yearly Review of Modern Awards: Preliminary Jurisdictional Issues [2014] FWCFB 1788 at para. 32.

(#P465_46637) See Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association (No. 2) [2012] FCA 480; (2012) 205 FCR 227 at para. 35 per Tracey J.

(#P468_47554) [2014] FCAFC 118 at para. 109.

(#P473_47858) Fair Work Act, s.285(3).

(#P480_48810) ACCI submission at para. 6.

(#P483_49248) Ibid at paras 62-63.

(#P506_51303) See also the Note after s.284(2).

(#P509_51629) Minister for Aboriginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend [1986] HCA 40; (1986) 162 CLR 24.

(#P510_51853) R v Hunt; Ex parte Sean Investments Ltd [1979] HCA 32; (1979) 180 CLR 322 at 329 per Mason J; R v Toohey: Ex parte Meneling Station Pty Ltd [1982] HCA 69; (1982) 158 CLR 327 at 333 per Gibbs CJ; Friends of Hichinbrook Society Inc v Minister for Environment (No. 3) (1997) 77 FCR 153; Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Leelee Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1121; Edwards v Giudice [1999] FCA 1836; National Retail Association v Shop Distributive & Allied Employees Association [2014] FCAFC 118 at para. 56.

(#P513_53125) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at paras 12-16.

(#P518_53464) For example, promoting productivity and economic growth (s.3(a)); promoting flexible modern work practices and the efficient and productive performance of work (s.134(1)(d)); the likely impact of any determination on business including on productivity, employment costs and the regulatory burden (s.134(1)(f)); the likely impact of any determination on employment growth, inflation and the sustainability, performance, and competitiveness of the national economy (s.134(1)(h)); the performance and competitiveness of the national economy, including productivity, business competitiveness and viability, inflation and employment growth (s.284(1)(a)); and acknowledging the special circumstances of small and medium-sized businesses (s.3(g)).

(#P521_54218) For example, the establishment and maintenance of a safety net of fair, relevant and enforceable minimum wages within the context of an easy to understand, stable and sustainable modern award system (ss.3(b), 134(1), 134(1)(g) and 284(1)); the promotion of social inclusion through increased workforce participation (ss.134(1)(c) and 284(1)(b)); relative living standards and the needs of the low paid (ss.134(1)(a) and 284(1)(c)); the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal or comparable value (ss.134(1)(e) and 284(1)(d)); and providing a comprehensive range of fair minimum wages to junior employees, employees to whom training arrangements apply and employees with a disability (s.284(1)(e)).

(#P524_54958) For example, the need to encourage collective bargaining (s.134(1)(b); see also s.3(f)).

(#P529_55589) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 72; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 10.

(#P544_56440) ACTU submission, pp. 4-6 at paras 12-21.

(#P553_57118) [2008] AIRCFB 1000 at 91.

(#P556_57309) ACTU submission, p. 5 at para 14.

(#P584_58876) Transcript, 19 May 2015 at para 15.

(#P591_59687) MGA/LRA submission at p.5

(#P596_60041) ARA submission at p.6.

(#P603_60766) [2013] FWCFB 4000.

(#P606_61076) [2012] FWAFB 5000 at paras 257 and 258.

(#P609_61679) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 12-13.

(#P616_62619) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 517-518.

(#P619_62706) ACCI submission at para. 9.

(#P620_63041) [2012] FWAFB 5000 at paras 257-258.

(#P627_64157) See [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 493-515; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para 98, citing [2012] FWAFB 5000 at paras 280-282.

(#P630_64529) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 515-516.

(#P637_66113) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 96-97.

(#P646_67100) Business SA submission at p. 3.

(#P655_68205) National Commission of Audit, Towards Responsible Government, February 2014 at p.148.

(#P660_68592) National Commission of Audit, Towards Responsible Government, February 2014 at p. 149.

(#P671_69336) Fair Work Act, s.154(1).

(#P674_69560) [2012] FWCFB 5000 at para. 246.

(#P677_70017) Fair Work Act, s.286; [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 492-562; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 486-549.

(#P682_70400) ACCER submission at p. 3, para. 8.

(#P685_70722) ACCER submission at p. 68, para. 95.

(#P712_71763) Fair Work Act s.294(3) and (4). While a special national minimum wage may apply to a "specific class of employees," that has not been the practice to date.

(#P755_78977) ACCER submission, pp. 9-12, at paras. 39-53.

(#P762_79800) ACCER submission, p. 3 at para. 6.

(#P765_80018) ACCER submission, p. 9 at paras 39-42.

(#P766_80132) ACCER submission, p. 10 at para. 44.

(#P767_80240) ACCER submission, p. 11 at para. 45.

(#P768_80327) ACCER submission, p. 10-11 at paras 46-49.

(#P771_80639) ACCER submission, p. 4 at para. 16.

(#P783_81975) AHA, TAA & AAoA submission at p. 3; South Australian Wine Industry Incorporated Association submission at p. 9.

(#P784_82174) See CCIQ submission, pp. 5-6 at paras 20-25.

(#P789_82982) ACCI submission, p. 2 at para. 1; AFEI submission, pp. 19-20 at para. 55; ARA submission at pp. 3-4; CCIQ submission, p. 2 at para. 4; p. 6 at para. 26; VACC submission at p. 2.

(#P790_83316) ACCI submission, p. 2, at para. 1.

(#P793_83910) ACCI submission, p. 2, at para. 1.

(#P796_84045) ANRA submission at p. 4.

(#P797_84196) ANRA submission at p. 4.

(#P800_84514) South Australian Wine Industry Incorporated Association submission at p. 8.

(#P805_84911) Ai Group submission at pp. 5, 37.

(#P810_85423) Ai Group submission at p. 5.

(#P813_85793) MGA/LRA submission at pp. 3-4.

(#P816_86094) NFF submission, p. 15 at paras 35-36.

(#P821_86237) ACTU submission, p. 3 at para. 1; ACCER submission, p. 2 at paras 1-3; United Voice submission, p. 5 at para. 16.

(#P822_86498) The C10 level refers to the rate of pay for an employee classified as an Engineering/ Manufacturing Tradesperson - Level I under the Manufacturing Award, and equivalent levels within other modern awards.

(#P823_86785) ACTU submission, p. 3 at para. 1.

(#P830_87601) ACTU submission at p. 3, para. 4; "Projection based on the assumption that average weekly ordinary time earnings (AWOTE) of full-time adults will increase by 2.8% over the year to November 2015, as it did in the year to November 2014. This is not a forecast, merely a projection assumption."

(#P833_88173) United Voice submission, p. 5 at para. 16.

(#P836_88816) ACTU submission, pp. 4-6 at paras 10-21.

(#P837_88927) United Voice submission, p. 6 at para. 17.

(#P840_89293) ACCER submission, p. 2 at para. 1.

(#P843_89721) ACCER submission, p. 2 at para. 1.

(#P844_90145) Transcript 20 May 2015 at para 586.

(#P849_90449) Business SA submission at p. 4.

(#P852_90838) AHA, TAA & AAoA submission at p. 3.

(#P857_91392) Australian Government submission, p. 3 at para. 10.

(#P860_91705) Western Australian Government submission, p. 2 at para. 7.

(#P861_91953) Western Australian Government submission, p. 7 at para. 27.

(#P864_92265) New South Wales Government submission, p. 26 at para.101.

(#P867_92522) Victorian Government submission, p. 4 at para. 6; Queensland Government submission at pp. 13-14; South Australian Government submission, p. 20 at para. 89.

(#P870_92929) Victorian Government submission, p. 4 at para. 6.

(#P873_93279) Queensland Government submission at p. 2.

(#P876_93458) South Australian Government submission, p. 9 at para. 29.

(#P877_93759) South Australian Government submission, p. 20 at para. 89.

(#P880_94007) Federal Opposition submission, p. 4 at para. 9; p. 13 at para. 69.

(#P883_94287) ACOSS submission at p. 6.

(#P886_94651) ABI submission in reply at p. 3.

(#P887_94842) ABI submission at p. 9.

(#P890_95015) HIA submission at p. 3.

(#P891_95273) HIA submission at pp. 3 and 9.

(#P894_95517) R&CA submission at p. 12.

(#P915_97456) ABS, Catalogue no 8501.0. Retail Trade, Australia, March 2015.

(#P918_98194) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report - Annual Wage Review 2014-15, Chart 1.3: Real net national disposable income, real GDP and the terms of trade, indexes - Dec-04 = 100.

(#P921_98694) ABS, Catalogue no 5625.0 - Private New Capital Expenditure and Expected Expenditure, Australia, Dec 2014. Trend data, Chain volume.

(#P926_99056) Other selected industries includes Electricity, gas, water and waste services; Construction; Wholesale trade; Retail trade; Transport, postal and warehousing; Information media and telecommunications; Finance and insurance (excluding Superannuation funds); Rental, hiring and real estate services; Professional, scientific and technical services; Accommodation and food services; Administrative and support services; Arts and recreation services; and Other services.

(#P933_99907) ABS Catalogue no 5206.0- Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2014.

(#P955_101477) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 147-160.

(#P1060_103705) ACTU submission, p.83 at para 248.

(#P1063_103980) Australian Government submission, p.20 at para.100.

(#P1064_104291) Australian Government submission, p.20 at para. 203.

(#P1067_104657) ACTU submission, p.48 at Figure 49.

(#P1120_106384) ACTU submission, p.52 at para 160.

(#P1121_106530) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 160-169.

(#P1124_107103) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 169.

(#P1131_107823) [2013] FWCFB 4000, at para 175.

(#P1134_107988) Rizov M and Croucher R (2011), The impact of the UK national minimum wage on productivity by low-paying sectors and firm-size groups, Report to the Low Pay Commission, London, March 2011.

(#P1135_108197) OECD Employment Outlook, Chapter 3, Labour Losing to Capital: What Explains the Declining Share?

(#P1138_108470) Australian Government submission, p. 49, at para 216.

(#P1139_108625) Australian Government response to questions for consultations, at p. 2

(#P1140_108966) Australian Government submission, p. 49 at para. 221.

(#P1145_109880) Zelenska T (2011) Channels of Adjustment in Labor Markets: The 2007-2009 Federal Minimum Wage Increase, dissertation, Georgia State University.

(#P1146_110196) ACTU response to questions for consultations, at pp. 2-5.

(#P1149_110312) ACTU response to questions for consultations, at p 4.

(#P1154_111034) [2014] FWCFB 3500, at para 173.

(#P1170_112664) Bickerdyke I, Lattimore R, and Madge A (2000), Business Failure and Change: An Australian Perspective, Productivity Commission Staff Research Paper, Ausinfo, Canberra

(#P1173_113192) Fair Work Commission (2015) Statistical Report-Annual Wage Review 2014-15, p. 9 at Table 3.2.

(#P1178_113913) ABS, Catalogue No. 6401.0 - Consumer Price Index, Australia, Mar 2015.

(#P1281_118052) Reproduced from Figure 67 "Measures of wages growth", ACTU submission at p. 96.

(#P1289_119702) Ai Group submission, p. 25 at Chart 22.

(#P1294_120107) ACTU submission at p. 97.

(#P1295_120462) ACTU submission, p. 97 at para. 289.

(#P1296_120586) RBA, Statement on Monetary Policy, February 2015, at pp. 67-68.

(#P1301_121131) Kent C (2014), Cyclical and Structural Changes in the Labour Market, Address on Labour Market developments, Sydney, 16 June 2014.

(#P1304_121374) Australian Government submission, p. 11 at para. 58.

(#P1305_121476) Buchanan J, Bretherton T, Frino B, Jakubauskas M, Schutz J, Verma G & Yu S (2013), Minimum wages and their role in the process and incentives to bargain, Research Report 7/2013, Fair Work Commission, December, Melbourne.

(#P1318_123511) ABS, Catalogue No. 5206.0. - Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2014.

(#P1323_124223) http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/6202.0Main%20Features4Oct%202014?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=6202.0&issue=Oct%202014&num=&view=

(#P1333_124997) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report-Annual Wage Review 2014-15, p. 14 at Table 6.1.

(#P1334_125690) ABS, Catalogue No. 6291.0.55.001. - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery, Apr 2015.

(#P1417_129409) RCA submission at pp. 6-7.

(#P1420_129992) MA000009

(#P1429_130948) ABS, Catalogue no 6291.0.55.003 - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Feb 2015.

(#P1440_132732) Note that within the working age population there are variations in the propensity to work for different age groups: older and younger age groups have lower participation and employment rates than do those aged 25-54 years and women's paid employment drops a little during their prime child bearing and caring years. For this reason, the use of the age range 20-64 years does not fully account for the effects of the changing age structure on the employment-to-population ratio, or on the participation rate: it is a short hand method to account for ageing. Note also that there is a rise in the proportion of people over the age of 64 who are in paid employment. This rise is not captured in the data presented here.

(#P1540_135591) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report-Annual Wage Review 2014-15, p. 21-22 at Tables 6.9 and 6.10.

(#P1541_135820) ABS, Catalogue No. 6265.0: - Underemployed Workers, Australia, September 2013; ABS, Catalogue, No 6202.0. - Labour Force, Australia, Sept, 2013.

(#P1544_137107) ABS, Catalogue No. 6291.0.55.001. - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery, Apr 2015.

(#P1547_137368) ACTU submission, pp.102 at para. 303.

(#P1548_137531) ACTU submission pp.102-103 at paras. 305-306.

(#P1551_137911) Australian Government submission at p. 24.

(#P1552_138147) Australian Government submission, p. 24 at para. 119.

(#P1559_139065) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015, Statement 2: Economic Outlook, at p. 2-17.

(#P1560_139358) ABS, Catalogue no 6202 - Labour Force Australia, April 2015.

(#P1563_139481) Australian Government submission, p.24 at Chart 4.2.

(#P1571_140288) Ai Group, at p. 24 of its submission, provided a chart based on the ABS Labour Force data that shows about 21 per cent of men worked 50 or more hours per week in 2014. They note that the proportion of the workforce working these very long hours has fallen since 2000.

(#P1572_140798) ABS Catalogue no 6265.0 - Underemployed Workers, Australia, September 2013.

(#P1573_140977) See ABS, Catalogue no 6202 - Labour Force Australia, April 2015, Table 20.

(#P1574_141263) Ai Group submission, at p. 17.

(#P1581_142664) ACOSS submission at pp. 39-40.

(#P1649_144010) ABS, Catalogue no 6202.0. - Labour Force, Australia, Apr 2015.

(#P1659_145686) ABS, Catalogue no 6291.0.55.001. - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery, Apr 2015.

(#P1660_146495) ABS, Catalogue no 6291.0.55.001. - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery, Apr 2015.

(#P1663_146820) Australian Government submission, p. 27 at para. 128.

(#P1668_147669) ACTU submission, p.108 at para.319.

(#P1675_148404) ABS, Catalogue no 6306.0. - Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2014. In 2008, the survey was conducted in August.

(#P1790_150445) An alternative approach to identifying the award-reliant industries is to select the industries in which the highest number of award-reliant employees are employed. The two approaches are legitimate and show slightly different perspectives. See [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 281-284.

(#P1928_157512) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 225.

(#P1931_158244) Australian Government submission, pp. 34-42, at paras 152-188.

(#P1932_158417) ACCI Submission 2013, Annexure C; Connolly E, Norman D and West T, (2012) "Small Businesses: An Economic Overview, RBA Small Business Finance Roundtable, May 2012.

(#P1935_158850) Australian Government submission at paras 168 and 169.

(#P1938_159163) Australian Government submission at para. 187.

(#P1941_159503) ACCI Business Expectation Survey - December Quarter 2014.

(#P1942_159602) NAB Group Economics, NAB Quarterly SME Survey, December Quarter 2014.

(#P1949_160972) NAB Group Economics, NAB Quarterly SME Survey, March Quarter 2015.

(#P1958_162661) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 2: Budget Measures, 2015-16, at p.19.

(#P1961_162988) ACTU post-Budget submission at p. 16.

(#P1962_163266) ACTU post-Budget submission at p. 17.

(#P1965_163505) [2014] FWAFB 3500, at paras 299-301.

(#P1966_163831) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 2: Budget Measures 2015-16 at p.19.

(#P1971_164259) AHA, TAA & AAA joint submission at p. 3.

(#P1972_164397) AHA, TAA & AAA joint submission at p. 3.

(#P1975_164602) [2014] FWCFB 1846.

(#P1976_164856) MGA/LRA submission at pp. 10-11.

(#P1979_164917) HIA submission at p. 4; NFF submission, p. 6 at para. 4; VACC submission at p. 6-7.

(#P1980_165097) [2013] FWCFB 5411.

(#P1981_165467) [2014] FWCFB 3500, at paras 548,- 549, 561.

(#P1984_166969) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 559-60.

(#P1993_168430) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 226-228; [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 265- 266 and 438- 440.

(#P1996_169044) Ai Group, Australian Performance of Manufacturing Index (PMI), April 2015; Australian Performance of Services Index (PSI), April 2015; Australian Performance of Construction Index (PCI), April 2015.

(#P1997_169418) Ai Group response to questions on notice from the Expert Panel, May 2014.

(#P1998_169782) Link : What does the Australian PSI tell us about ABS Data? at http://www.aigroup.com.au/economicindicators.

(#P2001_170352) Park A (2011), 'Business surveys and economic activity', RBA Bulletin, December quarter; Aylmer C & Gill T (2003), Business Surveys and Economic Activity, RBA Research Discussion Paper 2003-01, February.

(#P2004_171056) VACC submission, p.13 at Appendix 1.

(#P2007_171756) MGA/LRA submission at page 12.

(#P2012_172429) R&CA submission at page 11; R&CA 2015 Industry Benchmarking Survey

(#P2015_172618) R&CA submission 2014, at p. 9.

(#P2018_173427) Fair Work Commission (2015) Statistical Report-Annual Wage Review 2014-15, p.18 at Table 6.4.

(#P2019_173896) ABS Catalogue no 6291.0.55.003 - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Feb 2015.

(#P2030_175388) Ai Group, Australian Performance of Manufacturing Index (PMI), April 2015; Australian Performance of Services Index (PSI), April 2015; Australian Performance of Construction Index (PCI), April 2015.

(#P2035_176185) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015 at pp. 1-6..

(#P2038_176782) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015 at pp. 1-6.

(#P2103_179768) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015 at pp. 2-10.

(#P2378_187544) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015 at pp.2-17.

(#P2379_187812) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015, Statement 2: Economic Outlook, at pp. 2-17.

(#P2382_188582) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015 at pp. 1-7; pp. 2-4.

(#P2387_189325) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015, Statement 2: Economic Outlook, at pp. 2-16.

(#P2390_189922) Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2015-16, Canberra, 2015, Statement 2: Economic Outlook, at pp. 2-17.

(#P2428_196641) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para 361.

(#P2443_198089) Australian Government submission, pp. 10-11 at para. 57.

(#P2446_198267) Australian Government submission, pp. 10-11 at para. 57.

(#P2449_198444) Australian Government submission, pp. 10-11 at para. 57.

(#P2452_198688) Australian Government submission, pp. 10-11 at para. 57.

(#P2455_199005) ACTU submission, p. 14 at para. 48.

(#P2495_201558) Australian Government submission, p. 2 at para 7.

(#P2496_201757) Australian Government submission, p. 55 at para. 260.

(#P2497_201899) Australian Government submission, p. 9 at Chart 2.1.

(#P2498_202131) Australian Government submission, p. 55 at para. 263 and pp. 57-60 at paras 271-279.

(#P2499_202278) Australian Government submission , p. 5, at para. 36; p. 59 at para. 276.

(#P2502_202592) ACTU submission, p. 20 at para. 61. The ACTU has deflated casual employees' hourly earnings by one-fifth to remove an assumed casual loading of 25 per cent.

(#P2503_202924) Wright S and Buchanan J (2013), Award reliance, Research Report 6/2013, Fair Work Commission, December, Melbourne p. 67.

(#P2510_205224) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 21.

(#P2519_205964) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 365.

(#P2524_206758) ACTU post-Budget submission at pp. 7-8.

(#P2527_206820) ACCI submission, pp.43-44, at paras 152-153.

(#P2528_207135) Ex parte McKay (1907) 2 CAR 1.

(#P2531_207554) ACOSS submission at p. 6.

(#P2540_208085) ACOSS submission at p.22.

(#P2547_208932) ACCER submission, p.8 at para.33.

(#P2550_209075) Transcript at 570.

(#P2551_209355) ACCER submission, p. 36 at para 157.

(#P2556_209788) Transcript, at 509-510.

(#P2559_210280) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para 323.

(#P2566_212706) See for example tables 8.2 and 8.3 of the Statistical Report.

(#P2571_214337) ACCI submission, p. 43 at para 152.

(#P2574_214771) ACCER submission, p. 35-36 at paras 155-156.

(#P2575_214971) HILDA Survey, release 13.

(#P2588_216911) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 325.

(#P2591_217186) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 396.

(#P2594_217563) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 85.

(#P2595_217649) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 349; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 269 and 275.

(#P2604_218636) Australian Government submission, p. 13 at para. 60.

(#P2605_219249) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 59.

(#P2842_229429) Australian Government submission, pp.73-4 at para 345; p. 74 at Table 10.1.

(#P2843_229817) Australian Government submission, pp.73-4 at para 345; p. 74 at Table 10.1.

(#P2844_230065) Federal Opposition submission, p.11, at para 55.

(#P2847_230337) ACTU submission, p. 42, at para. 123.

(#P2848_230540) ACTU submission, p. 43 at para. 125.

(#P2849_230824) Australian Government submission, p. 81, at para. 386.

(#P2854_231292) Australian Government submission, p. 14-15 at paras. 66-67; Ai Group submission at p.30.

(#P2855_231624) ACTU submission, p. 37-38, para. 114; Federal Opposition submission, p. 11 at para. 57; Queensland Government submission at p. 11.

(#P2860_232258) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 356.

(#P2874_233540) [2014] FWCFB 3500, at para 357.

(#P2880_233862) Australian Government submission, p. 70, at Table 9.5.

(#P3029_235688) Australian Government submission, p.69, at para. 326.

(#P3032_236692) ACCER submission, Attachment, p. 172 at Table 19, p. 174 at Table 20.

(#P3033_237005) ACCER submission, Attachment, p. 174 at Table 20.

(#P3034_237207) ACCER submission p. 26 at para. 113.

(#P3039_238000) Australian Government submission, pp.65-66 at paras 303-310.

(#P3044_238140) ACTU post-Budget submission at p. 16-17.

(#P3045_238189) ACCER post-Budget submission at pp. 3-5.

(#P3046_238259) Federal Opposition post-Budget submission at pp.3-7.

(#P3047_238544) [2014] FWAFB 3500 at paras 299-301.

(#P3054_239652) [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 166.

(#P3057_239911) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 27-28.

(#P3060_240058) Clean Energy Legislation (Carbon Tax Repeal) Act 2014.

(#P3069_241146) Australian Government submission, p. 75 at para. 361.

(#P3070_241322) Australian Government submission, p. 76 at para. 363 and p. 77 at Table 10.2.

(#P3073_241638) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 374.

(#P3074_241923) ACTU submission, p. 45 at para. 130.

(#P3075_242203) ACTU submission, p. 45, at para. 131.

(#P3078_242854) ACTU submission, p.47 at Table 16.

(#P3087_243720) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 102.

(#P3090_244055) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 323 and 370; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 33and 367.

(#P3095_245569) Fair Work Australia (2011) Relative living standards and needs of low-paid employees: definition and measurement, Research Report 2/2011, January, 2011.

(#P3100_246741) Saunders P (2015), Poverty and social disadvantage: Measurement, evidence and action, in CEDA (2015) "Addressing entrenched disadvantage in Australia" April 2015, Melbourne at p.23.

(#P3105_247600) Australian Government submission, p. 29 at para. 137.

(#P3108_247793) ACTU submission, p. 49 at para. 146.

(#P3109_248140) ACTU submission, p. 49 at para. 147.

(#P3110_248247) Cassells R, Dockery M and Duncan A (2014) 'Falling through the cracks: Poverty and disadvantage in Australia', Focus on the States, Issue no 1, October 2014 at p. 21.

(#P3111_248745) ACTU submission, p. 49 at para. 147.

(#P3114_249025) ACOSS submission at p.25.

(#P3119_249512) ACOSS submission at p. 25.

(#P3122_249924) ACOSS (2014) Poverty in Australia 2014, ACOSS, Sydney.

(#P3129_250487) ACOSS submission at p.8, (2014) Poverty in Australia 2014, ACOSS, Sydney at p. 14.

(#P3272_255485) ACOSS submission at p.27, (2012) Poverty in Australia 2012, ACOSS, Sydney at p. 8.

(#P3273_255913) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report - Annual Wage Review 2014-15 at Table 11.2.

(#P3284_257278) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report - Annual Wage Review 2014-15 at pp. 35-39.

(#P3287_258207) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report - Annual Wage Review 2014-15 at Table 11.2.

(#P3288_258436) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report - Annual Wage Review 2014-15 at Table 11.1.

(#P3291_258961) Australian Government submission, p. 62 at Table 8.6.

(#P3320_263471) ACOSS (2014) Poverty in Australia 2014, ACOSS, Sydney at p.26.

(#P3335_265377) ABI submission at p. 3.

(#P3338_265760) Queensland Government submission at p. 7.

(#P3341_265913) ACTU reply submission, p. 1 at para. 4.

(#P3342_266105) ACTU reply submission, p. 10 at paras 66-70.

(#P3343_266475) ACTU reply submission, pp. 13-14 at paras 99-112.

(#P3346_266722) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 427.

(#P3347_267014) [2014] ACTU submission, p. 23 at para. 88.

(#P3350_267090) Australian Government submission, pp.52-3 at paras 240-244.

(#P3351_267165) ACCI submission, pp. 17-19 at paras 46-52.

(#P3352_267463) ABI submission, at pp. 6-7.

(#P3355_267699) Fidrmuc J and Horrillo T (2011), The impact of the national minimum wage on the labour market outcomes of young workers, Report to the Low Pay Commission, London, March 2011.

(#P3356_267937) Doucouliagos H and Stanley TD (2009), "Publication Selection Bias in Minimum-Wage Research? A Meta-Regression Analysis", British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 47, issue 2, pp. 406-428; Belman D and Wolfson PJ (2014), What Does the Minimum Wage Do?, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Upjohn Press.

(#P3357_268352) Australian Government submission, p. 53 at para. 245.

(#P3358_268613) Australian Government submission, p. 53 at para. 246.

(#P3361_268819) ACCI submission, p. 17 at para. 51.

(#P3364_269233) ACCI submission, p. 19 at para. 52.

(#P3367_269793) ACCI submission, p. 19 at paras 53-54.

(#P3372_270498) ACCI submission, p. 20 at para. 55.

(#P3375_270843) ACTU reply submission, pp.11-12 at paras 79-90.

(#P3376_271718) Sorkin I (2014), "Are There Long-term Effects of the Minimum Wage?", Review of Economic Dynamics, vol. 18, issue 2, p. 2.

(#P3379_272344) ACCI submission, p. 20 at para. 58.

(#P3380_272552) ABI submission at p. 6.

(#P3383_272818) ACTU reply submission, p. 13 at paras 94-95.

(#P3386_273023) ACCI submission in reply, p. 18 at para. 45.

(#P3399_275626) Australian Government submission, p. 71 at para. 330.

(#P3402_276060) Australian Government submission, p. 71 at para. 333.

(#P3405_276294) Australian Government submission, p. 72 at Table 9.6.

(#P3406_277105) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report -Annual Wage Review 2014-2015, p. 47 at Table 15.1.

(#P3407_277368) Fair Work Commission (2015), Statistical Report -Annual Wage Review 2014-2015, p. 44 at Table 14.1.

(#P3478_279795) Ai Group submission at pp. 31-32; ABS, Labour Force, Australia, February 2015, Catalogue No. 6202.0.

(#P3483_280771) Australian Government submission, p. 60 at para. 280

(#P3486_280995) Australian Government submission, p. 5 at para 29 and p. 56 at para. 262 and p. 61 at para. 282; South Australian Government submission, p. 10 at para, 31; Federal Opposition submission, p. 8 at para. 36.

(#P3489_281349) Australian Government submission at p. 61.

(#P3561_283468) Australian government submission, p. 60 at para. 282.

(#P3562_283699) South Australian Government submission, p. 60 at para. 31.

(#P3563_283823) Federal Opposition submission, p. 8 at para. 31.

(#P3591_287944) Ai Group submission at p. 33.

(#P3592_288099) ACCI submission, p. 47 at para. 167.

(#P3593_288238) Ai Group submission at pp. 33-34; ACCI submission, p. 47 at paras 165-166; ABI submission at p. 8; AFEI submission, p. 17 at para. 50.

(#P3596_288577) ACCI submission, p. 47 at para. 166.

(#P3597_288775) ABI submission at p. 8.

(#P3600_288986) ACTU submission, p 25 at para. 71.

(#P3601_289223) ACTU submission, p. 25 at paras71- 72.

(#P3604_289585) Queensland Government submission at p. 12.

(#P3609_290416) The difference between the 2.7 percentage point rise and the sum of the falls in employees paid under an individual arrangement or collective agreement (2.1 and 0.9 percentage points respectively) is accounted for by an increase in the residual category (owner managers of incorporated enterprises) and rounding.

(#P3622_291456) Employees classified as "award only" had their rate of pay specified by an award and were not paid more than that rate of pay.

(#P3627_292503) ACTU submission, p. 25 at para. 72.

(#P3630_292772) South Australian Government submission, p. 12 at paras 44-45; ACTU submission, p. 24 at paras 68-70; Ai Group submission at p. 34.

(#P3633_293175) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 45.

(#P3636_293384) ACTU submission, p. 24 at para. 70.

(#P3637_293715) South Australian Government submission, p. 12 at para. 45.

(#P3642_294420) Ai Group submission at p. 34.

(#P3653_295003) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at para. 302; [2011] FWAFB 3400 at para. 281 and [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 222.

(#P3669_296349) ACTU submission, p. 60 at para. 188.

(#P3670_296551) South Australian Government submission, p. 10 at para. 32; ACTU submission, p. 60 at para. 190; Federal Opposition submission, p. 7 at para. 30.

(#P3671_296819) ACTU submission, p. 61 at para. 190.

(#P3676_297285) ACOSS submission at pp. 20-21.

(#P3679_297447) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 476-484.

(#P3680_297946) Pointon M, Wheatley T, Ellis G and MacDermott K (2012) Award Reliance and Differences in Earnings by Gender, Research Report 3/2012, Fair Work Commission, February, Melbourne at p. 7.

(#P3681_298508) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 490.

(#P3690_299349) Ai Group submission 27 March 2015 at p. 35

(#P3693_299569) Australian Government submission, pp. 5-6 at para. 37.

(#P3698_300359) Victorian Government submission, p. 7 at para. 27.

(#P3701_300594) Queensland Government submission at p. 14.

(#P3702_300772) Queensland Government submission at p. 5.

(#P3707_301121) South Australian Government submission, p. 10 at para. 32.

(#P3714_301687) Federal Opposition submission, p. 7 at paras 31-32.

(#P3719_302114) ACTU submission, p. 63 at para. 194.

(#P3722_302263) ACOSS submission at p. 8.

(#P3727_302394) 21.4 per cent of females and 16.1 per cent of males were award reliant as at May 2014: ABS, Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2014, Catalogue No. 6306.0.

(#P3738_304053) CCIQ submission, pp. 5-6 at paras 20-25.

(#P3749_305800) CCIQ submission, pp. 5-6 at paras 21-25.

(#P3754_306247) CCIQ submission, at p. 6.

(#P3761_306979) ACTU submission at p. 7, paras 25-26.

(#P3786_311067) [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 254.

(#P3791_311772) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 512; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 543-544.

(#P3798_312748) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 513; [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para.526.

(#P3803_313468) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at para. 493 citing [2012] FWAFB 5000 at para. 245.

(#P3812_315632) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 528 citing [2012] FWAFB 5000 at paras 266-268.

(#P3831_318943) CCIQ submission, p.6, at para. 25.

(#P3836_319806) CCIQ submission at p. 6.

(#P3853_321686) Some transitional APCSs may still operate. This includes (but is not limited to) instruments which cover employees also covered by enterprise awards for which an application to modernise has been made; employees also covered by State reference public sector awards for which an application to modernise has been made; or cover employees also covered by the Social, Community, Home Care and Disability Industry Services Award 2010.

(#P3857_322226) Some Division 2A State reference transitional awards may still operate such as where they are related to awards that have not been terminated under the termination of instruments process, or if they cover Queensland apprentices/trainees.

(#P3861_322647) Some Division 2B State reference transitional awards may still operate such as where they are related to awards that have not been terminated under the termination of instruments process, or if they cover Queensland apprentices/trainees.

(#P3867_323122) Some Division 2B State awards may still operate such as where they cover: employees also covered by enterprise instruments; employees also covered by State reference public sector awards; or Queensland apprentices/trainees.

(#P3871_323433) Two transitional pay equity orders currently operate, created under sch 3, item 43 and Sch 3A, item 30A of the Transitional Act respectively. The Panel must review and may make a determination varying the transitional pay equity order created under sch 3A, sub item 30D(1) to the extent that it is derived from the Queensland Community Services and Crisis Assistance Award - State 2008.

(#P3876_323975) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at paras 370-396.

(#P3877_324068) Fair Work Australia (2010), Minimum wage transitional instruments under the Fair Work Act 2009 and the Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 2009, Research Report 6/2010, June.

(#P3880_324484) [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 550-561.

(#P3883_324674) Fair Work (Transitional Provisions & Consequential Amendments) Act 2009, item 3 of Sch. 5. Further, Fair Work Commission (2009), Award Reliance, Research Report 6/2013, December, also showed that few employees in non-public sector award-reliant organisations were reliant on transitional instruments.

(#P3884_325050) See items 10(1) and 20(1) of Sch. 9 and item 12A(5) of Sch. 3 of the Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 2009,

(#P3893_326060) For example, certain instruments that covered employees who were also covered by the Social, Community, Home Care and Disability Services Industry Award 2010 were preserved by the Award Modernisation - Termination of Modernisable Instruments decision, [2010] FWAFB 9916 at para. 44. As at the date of this decision, they have not yet been terminated.

(#P3896_326736) See [2013] FWCFB 4000 at paras 553-559for a more detailed outline of these instruments.

(#P3897_326898) Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2009, items 10 and 20 of Sch. 9, item 12A(6) of Sch. 3 and item 30D of Sch. 3A.

(#P3898_327309) The Fair Work (Transfer of Business) Amendment Act 2012, which commenced on 4 December 2012, introduced Part 6.3 into the Act. A copied State award continues to operate under the national system for a period of five years, unless terminated or extended by regulation. See s.768AO of the Fair Work Act.

(#P3899_327733) The provisions of the Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2009 dealing with the variation of Division 2B State awards in annual wage reviews also apply to copied State awards. See ss.768BY and 768AW(b) of the Fair Work Act.

(#P3904_328487) Queensland Government submission at p. 4 and pp. 12-14.

(#P3907_328679) ABI submission at p. 10.

(#P3920_329863) Fair Work (Transitional Provisions & Consequential Amendments) Act 2009, item 12A of Sch. 3 and items 10 and 20 of Sch. 9.

(#P3925_330290) Fair Work Act, s.284(3).

(#P3930_330339) ACTU submission, p. 123, at paras 360-361.

(#P3931_330400) Ai Group submission at p. 39.

(#P3940_330986) ACTU submission, p. 123 at paras 360-361.

(#P3941_331045) Ai Group submission at p. 39.

(#P3944_331288) [2013] FWCFB 5411.

(#P3953_332017) ACTU submission, p. 124 at para. 367.

(#P3954_332070) Ai Group submission at p. 39.

(#P3957_332395) MA000103.

(#P3958_332500) [2012] FCAFC 192.

(#P3959_332736) ACTU submission, pp. 123-124, at paras 364-367.

(#P3962_332974) Ai Group submission at p. 39.

(#P3969_333600) ACOSS submission at p. 53.

(#P3980_335170) ACTU submission, p. 124 at para. 371.

(#P3981_335224) Ai Group submission at p. 39.

(#P3988_335913) Fair Work Act, s.295(1)(b).

(#P3990_336260) [2010] FWAFB 4000 at para. 403.

(#P3991_336601) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at para. 606.

(#P3993_336760) ACTU submission p. 124 at para. 370; Ai Group submission at p. 41; ABI submission at p. 9.

(#P3994_336966) ACTU submission, p. 124 at para. 370; Ai Group submission at p. 41.

(#P3996_337222) Australian Government submission, p. 11 at para. 57; Victorian Government submission, p. 6 at para. 17; ACTU submission, p. 14 at para. 49; ACCER submission , p. 117 at paras 287-288.

(#P3997_337428) Australian Government submission, p.90 at Appendix A.

(#P3998_337574) ACOSS submission at p. 39.

(#P3999_337686) MGA/LRA submission at p. 8; ABS, Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Nov 2014, Catalogue No. 6291.0.55.003.

(#P4000_337844) R&CA submission, p. 3 at para. 3.

(#P4001_337930) NFF submission at p. 4.

(#P4002_338023) Victorian Government submission at Attachment 2, p. 16; ABS, Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2014, Catalogue. no. 6306.0; ACTU submission, p. 22 at Table 10; ACCER submission at p. 117, para. 290; ABS, Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May 2014, Catalogue. no. 6306.0.

(#P4003_338462) ACCI submission, p. 3 at para. 6; ARA submission at p. 7; ACCER submission, p. 116 at para. 282.; MGA/LRA submission at p. 11 and, Appendix A at p. 3/22; South Australian Wine Industry Association submission, p. 3 at para. 1.

(#P4006_339215) [2008] AIRCFB 1000 at para 50.

(#P4009_339466) Business Equipment Award 2010 [MA000021], cl. 13.2.

(#P4012_339848) ACTU response to questions for consultation at p. 14.

(#P4015_340701) AMWU response to questions for consultation at para. 2.

(#P4026_342457) [2011] FWAFB 3400 at paras 396 and 408.

(#P4027_342690) [2011] FWAFB 3400 at para. 408.

(#P4032_344274) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 613-614.

(#P4039_344852) Ai Group submission at p. 40; ABI submission at p. 10.

(#P4046_345587) Ai Group submission at p. 41.

(#P4049_345876) PR551832.

(#P4050_345992) ABI submission at p. 10.

(#P4057_346894) [2014] FWCFB 3500 at paras 617, 622.

(#P4060_347347) ACTU submission, p. 124 at paras 368-369; Ai Group submission at p. 39; ABI submission at pp. 9-10.

(#P4061_347565) ACOSS submission at p. 53.

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