Instrument No.255 of 1995
Instrument No.255 of 1995
Instrument No.255 of 1995
Statement of Principles
concerning
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
ICD CODE: 120
Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986
subsection 196B(2)
- Being of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that schistosomiasis and death from schistosomiasis can be related to operational service rendered by veterans, Peacekeeping service rendered by members of Peacekeeping Forces and hazardous service rendered by members of the Forces, the Repatriation Medical Authority determines, under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 (the Act), that the factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting schistosomiasis or death from schistosomiasis with the circumstances of that service, are:
(a) being in contact with water in an area described in the Schedule before the clinical onset of schistosomiasis; or
(b) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for schistosomiasis.
-
Subject to clause 3 (below) at least one of the factors set out in paragraphs 1(a) to 1(b) must be related to any service rendered by a person.
-
The factor set out in paragraph 1(b) applies only where:
(a) the person’s schistosomiasis was contracted before a period, or part of a period, of service to which the factor is related; and
(b) the relationship suggested between the schistosomiasis and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act.
- For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:
“an area described in the Schedule” means an area described in the Schedule attached to this instrument, such area being an area in which the Schistosoma blood fluke is known to be distributed;
“ICD code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision, effective date of 1 October 1993, copyrighted by the US Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, and having the Library of Congress number 77-94472;
“schistosomiasis” (otherwise known as bilharziasis) means infection by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma, (trematode flatworms, commonly known as blood flukes) being S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi or S. malayensis, attracting ICD code 120.
Schedule
Global Distribution of the Schistosoma Blood Fluke
| COUNTRY or AREA | mansoni mansoni | haematobium | intercalatum | japonicum | Mekong | malayensis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African RegionAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkino FasoBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoEquatorial GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuinea-BissauGuineaIvory CoastKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSào Tome and PrincipeSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ++++++++++ |
(continued...)
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="width:133.1pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">COUNTRY or AREA</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:38.7pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">mansoni</span><span style="width:413.89pt; display:inline-block"> </span><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">mansoni</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:60pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">haematobium</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:55.65pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">intercalatum</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:47.5pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">japonicum</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:36.2pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">Mekong</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:48.1pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">malayensis</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:130.25pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">Region of the </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">Americas</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Antigua</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Brazil</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Dominican Republic</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Guadeloupe</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Martinique</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Montserrat</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Puerto Rico</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Saint Lucia</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:38.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:57.9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:55.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:47.5pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:36.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:48.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top"></td><td style="vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="width:130.25pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Surinam</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Venezuela</span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:38.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:57.9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:55.35pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:49.4pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:36.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:47.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="width:130.25pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="text-align:left; line-height:13pt"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">Eastern</span><span> </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">Mediterranean</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"> Region</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Egypt</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Iran</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Iraq</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Jordan</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Lebanon</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Libya</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Morocco</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Oman</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Saudi Arabia</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Somalia</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Sudan</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Syria</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Tunisia</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Yemen</span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:38.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:57.9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:55.35pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:49.4pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:36.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:47.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="width:130.25pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">European Region</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Turkey</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Portugal</span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:38.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:57.9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:55.35pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:49.4pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:36.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:47.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="width:130.25pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">South East Asia</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"> Region</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Indonesia</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Thailand</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">India</span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:38.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:57.9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:55.35pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:49.4pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:36.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:47.65pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"></td><td colspan="2" style="width:130.25pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">Western Pacific Region</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">China</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Cambodia</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Japan</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Lao People's Republic</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Malaysia</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span><span style="font-size:10pt">Philippines</span></p><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:38.3pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:57.9pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:55.35pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:8pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:49.4pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:36.65pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold">+</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:47.65pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt">+</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:3pt"></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt"><td style="width:0.7pt"></td><td style="width:140.35pt"></td><td style="width:0.7pt"></td><td style="width:2.15pt"></td><td style="width:46.25pt"></td><td style="width:0.7pt"></td><td style="width:2.55pt"></td><td style="width:65.45pt"></td><td style="width:0.7pt"></td><td style="width:4.65pt"></td><td style="width:61.1pt"></td><td style="width:0.4pt"></td><td style="width:4.95pt"></td><td style="width:52.95pt"></td><td style="width:2.3pt"></td><td style="width:3.05pt"></td><td style="width:41.65pt"></td><td style="width:2.75pt"></td><td style="width:2.6pt"></td><td style="width:53.55pt"></td><td style="width:2.3pt"></td><td style="width:3.05pt"></td></tr></tbody></table>
Note: + denotes that a particular species of Schistosoma is distributed in that area.
Dated this Twenty-first day of June 1995
The Common Seal of the )
Repatriation Medical Authority )
was affixed to this instrument )
in the presence of: )
KEN DONALD
CHAIRMAN