{"id":"F2008B00277","name":"Statement of Principles concerning schistosomiasis No. 255 of 1995","slug":"statement-of-principles-concerning-schistosomiasis-no-255-of-1995","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"repealed","isInForce":false,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":73070,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2008B00277-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"Repealed","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Instrument No.255 of 1995","sectionType":"part","heading":"Instrument No.255 of 1995","content":"# Instrument No.255 of 1995\n\n## Statement of Principles\n\n### concerning\n\n#### SCHISTOSOMIASIS\n\n##### ICD CODE: 120\n\n###### Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 \nsubsection 196B(2)\n\n1. Being of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that schistosomiasis and death from schistosomiasis can be related to operational service rendered by veterans, Peacekeeping service rendered by members of Peacekeeping Forces and hazardous service rendered by members of the Forces, the Repatriation Medical Authority determines, under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 (the Act), that the factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting schistosomiasis or death from schistosomiasis with the circumstances of that service, are:\n\n(a) being in contact with water in an area described in the Schedule before the clinical onset of schistosomiasis; or\n\n(b) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for schistosomiasis.\n\n2. Subject to clause 3 (below) at least one of the factors set out in paragraphs 1(a) to 1(b) must be related to any service rendered by a person.\n\n3. The factor set out in paragraph 1(b) applies only where:\n\n(a) the person’s schistosomiasis was contracted before a period, or part of a period, of service to which the factor is related; and\n\n(b) the relationship suggested between the schistosomiasis and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act.\n\n4. For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:\n\n“an area described in the Schedule” means an area described in the Schedule attached to this instrument, such area being an area in which the Schistosoma blood fluke is known to be distributed;\n\n“ICD code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision, effective date of 1 October 1993, copyrighted by the US Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, and having the Library of Congress number 77-94472;\n\n“schistosomiasis” (otherwise known as bilharziasis) means infection by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma, (trematode flatworms, commonly known as blood flukes) being S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi or S. malayensis, attracting ICD code 120.\n\n \n\nSchedule\n\nGlobal Distribution of the Schistosoma Blood Fluke\n\n| COUNTRY or AREA | mansoni mansoni | haematobium | intercalatum | japonicum | Mekong | malayensis |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------ | --------- | ------ | ---------- |\n| African RegionAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkino FasoBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoEquatorial GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuinea-BissauGuineaIvory CoastKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSào Tome and PrincipeSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ++++++++++ | | | |\n\n \n\n(continued...)\n\n```html\n

COUNTRY or AREA

mansoni mansoni

haematobium

intercalatum

japonicum

Mekong

malayensis

Region of the Americas

Antigua

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Guadeloupe

Martinique

Montserrat

Puerto Rico

Saint Lucia

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Surinam

Venezuela

+

+

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Somalia

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

Yemen

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

European Region

Turkey

Portugal

+

+

South East Asia Region

Indonesia

Thailand

India

+

+

+

Western Pacific Region

China

Cambodia

Japan

Lao People's Republic

Malaysia

Philippines

+

+

+

+

+

+

\n```\n\nNote: + denotes that a particular species of Schistosoma is distributed in that area.\n\nDated this Twenty-first day of June 1995\n\nThe Common Seal of the )\n\nRepatriation Medical Authority )\n\nwas affixed to this instrument )\n\nin the presence of: )\n\nKEN DONALD\n\nCHAIRMAN","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Statement of Principles","sectionType":"part","heading":"Statement of Principles","content":"# Instrument No.255 of 1995\n\n## Statement of Principles\n\n### concerning\n\n#### SCHISTOSOMIASIS\n\n##### ICD CODE: 120\n\n###### Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 \nsubsection 196B(2)\n\n1. Being of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that schistosomiasis and death from schistosomiasis can be related to operational service rendered by veterans, Peacekeeping service rendered by members of Peacekeeping Forces and hazardous service rendered by members of the Forces, the Repatriation Medical Authority determines, under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 (the Act), that the factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting schistosomiasis or death from schistosomiasis with the circumstances of that service, are:\n\n(a) being in contact with water in an area described in the Schedule before the clinical onset of schistosomiasis; or\n\n(b) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for schistosomiasis.\n\n2. Subject to clause 3 (below) at least one of the factors set out in paragraphs 1(a) to 1(b) must be related to any service rendered by a person.\n\n3. The factor set out in paragraph 1(b) applies only where:\n\n(a) the person’s schistosomiasis was contracted before a period, or part of a period, of service to which the factor is related; and\n\n(b) the relationship suggested between the schistosomiasis and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act.\n\n4. For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:\n\n“an area described in the Schedule” means an area described in the Schedule attached to this instrument, such area being an area in which the Schistosoma blood fluke is known to be distributed;\n\n“ICD code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision, effective date of 1 October 1993, copyrighted by the US Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, and having the Library of Congress number 77-94472;\n\n“schistosomiasis” (otherwise known as bilharziasis) means infection by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma, (trematode flatworms, commonly known as blood flukes) being S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi or S. malayensis, attracting ICD code 120.\n\n \n\nSchedule\n\nGlobal Distribution of the Schistosoma Blood Fluke\n\n| COUNTRY or AREA | mansoni mansoni | haematobium | intercalatum | japonicum | Mekong | malayensis |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------ | --------- | ------ | ---------- |\n| African RegionAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkino FasoBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoEquatorial GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuinea-BissauGuineaIvory CoastKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSào Tome and PrincipeSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ++++++++++ | | | |\n\n \n\n(continued...)\n\n```html\n

COUNTRY or AREA

mansoni mansoni

haematobium

intercalatum

japonicum

Mekong

malayensis

Region of the Americas

Antigua

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Guadeloupe

Martinique

Montserrat

Puerto Rico

Saint Lucia

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Surinam

Venezuela

+

+

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Somalia

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

Yemen

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

European Region

Turkey

Portugal

+

+

South East Asia Region

Indonesia

Thailand

India

+

+

+

Western Pacific Region

China

Cambodia

Japan

Lao People's Republic

Malaysia

Philippines

+

+

+

+

+

+

\n```\n\nNote: + denotes that a particular species of Schistosoma is distributed in that area.\n\nDated this Twenty-first day of June 1995\n\nThe Common Seal of the )\n\nRepatriation Medical Authority )\n\nwas affixed to this instrument )\n\nin the presence of: )\n\nKEN DONALD\n\nCHAIRMAN","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"concerning","sectionType":"division","heading":"concerning","content":"# Instrument No.255 of 1995\n\n## Statement of Principles\n\n### concerning\n\n#### SCHISTOSOMIASIS\n\n##### ICD CODE: 120\n\n###### Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 \nsubsection 196B(2)\n\n1. Being of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that schistosomiasis and death from schistosomiasis can be related to operational service rendered by veterans, Peacekeeping service rendered by members of Peacekeeping Forces and hazardous service rendered by members of the Forces, the Repatriation Medical Authority determines, under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 (the Act), that the factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting schistosomiasis or death from schistosomiasis with the circumstances of that service, are:\n\n(a) being in contact with water in an area described in the Schedule before the clinical onset of schistosomiasis; or\n\n(b) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for schistosomiasis.\n\n2. Subject to clause 3 (below) at least one of the factors set out in paragraphs 1(a) to 1(b) must be related to any service rendered by a person.\n\n3. The factor set out in paragraph 1(b) applies only where:\n\n(a) the person’s schistosomiasis was contracted before a period, or part of a period, of service to which the factor is related; and\n\n(b) the relationship suggested between the schistosomiasis and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act.\n\n4. For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:\n\n“an area described in the Schedule” means an area described in the Schedule attached to this instrument, such area being an area in which the Schistosoma blood fluke is known to be distributed;\n\n“ICD code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision, effective date of 1 October 1993, copyrighted by the US Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, and having the Library of Congress number 77-94472;\n\n“schistosomiasis” (otherwise known as bilharziasis) means infection by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma, (trematode flatworms, commonly known as blood flukes) being S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi or S. malayensis, attracting ICD code 120.\n\n \n\nSchedule\n\nGlobal Distribution of the Schistosoma Blood Fluke\n\n| COUNTRY or AREA | mansoni mansoni | haematobium | intercalatum | japonicum | Mekong | malayensis |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------ | --------- | ------ | ---------- |\n| African RegionAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkino FasoBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoEquatorial GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuinea-BissauGuineaIvory CoastKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSào Tome and PrincipeSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ++++++++++ | | | |\n\n \n\n(continued...)\n\n```html\n

COUNTRY or AREA

mansoni mansoni

haematobium

intercalatum

japonicum

Mekong

malayensis

Region of the Americas

Antigua

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Guadeloupe

Martinique

Montserrat

Puerto Rico

Saint Lucia

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Surinam

Venezuela

+

+

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Somalia

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

Yemen

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

European Region

Turkey

Portugal

+

+

South East Asia Region

Indonesia

Thailand

India

+

+

+

Western Pacific Region

China

Cambodia

Japan

Lao People's Republic

Malaysia

Philippines

+

+

+

+

+

+

\n```\n\nNote: + denotes that a particular species of Schistosoma is distributed in that area.\n\nDated this Twenty-first day of June 1995\n\nThe Common Seal of the )\n\nRepatriation Medical Authority )\n\nwas affixed to this instrument )\n\nin the presence of: )\n\nKEN DONALD\n\nCHAIRMAN","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"SCHISTOSOMIASIS","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"SCHISTOSOMIASIS","content":"# Instrument No.255 of 1995\n\n## Statement of Principles\n\n### concerning\n\n#### SCHISTOSOMIASIS\n\n##### ICD CODE: 120\n\n###### Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 \nsubsection 196B(2)\n\n1. Being of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that schistosomiasis and death from schistosomiasis can be related to operational service rendered by veterans, Peacekeeping service rendered by members of Peacekeeping Forces and hazardous service rendered by members of the Forces, the Repatriation Medical Authority determines, under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 (the Act), that the factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting schistosomiasis or death from schistosomiasis with the circumstances of that service, are:\n\n(a) being in contact with water in an area described in the Schedule before the clinical onset of schistosomiasis; or\n\n(b) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for schistosomiasis.\n\n2. Subject to clause 3 (below) at least one of the factors set out in paragraphs 1(a) to 1(b) must be related to any service rendered by a person.\n\n3. The factor set out in paragraph 1(b) applies only where:\n\n(a) the person’s schistosomiasis was contracted before a period, or part of a period, of service to which the factor is related; and\n\n(b) the relationship suggested between the schistosomiasis and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act.\n\n4. For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:\n\n“an area described in the Schedule” means an area described in the Schedule attached to this instrument, such area being an area in which the Schistosoma blood fluke is known to be distributed;\n\n“ICD code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision, effective date of 1 October 1993, copyrighted by the US Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, and having the Library of Congress number 77-94472;\n\n“schistosomiasis” (otherwise known as bilharziasis) means infection by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma, (trematode flatworms, commonly known as blood flukes) being S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi or S. malayensis, attracting ICD code 120.\n\n \n\nSchedule\n\nGlobal Distribution of the Schistosoma Blood Fluke\n\n| COUNTRY or AREA | mansoni mansoni | haematobium | intercalatum | japonicum | Mekong | malayensis |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------ | --------- | ------ | ---------- |\n| African RegionAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkino FasoBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoEquatorial GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuinea-BissauGuineaIvory CoastKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSào Tome and PrincipeSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ++++++++++ | | | |\n\n \n\n(continued...)\n\n```html\n

COUNTRY or AREA

mansoni mansoni

haematobium

intercalatum

japonicum

Mekong

malayensis

Region of the Americas

Antigua

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Guadeloupe

Martinique

Montserrat

Puerto Rico

Saint Lucia

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Surinam

Venezuela

+

+

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Somalia

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

Yemen

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

European Region

Turkey

Portugal

+

+

South East Asia Region

Indonesia

Thailand

India

+

+

+

Western Pacific Region

China

Cambodia

Japan

Lao People's Republic

Malaysia

Philippines

+

+

+

+

+

+

\n```\n\nNote: + denotes that a particular species of Schistosoma is distributed in that area.\n\nDated this Twenty-first day of June 1995\n\nThe Common Seal of the )\n\nRepatriation Medical Authority )\n\nwas affixed to this instrument )\n\nin the presence of: )\n\nKEN DONALD\n\nCHAIRMAN","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"ICD CODE: 120","sectionType":"section","heading":"ICD CODE: 120","content":"# Instrument No.255 of 1995\n\n## Statement of Principles\n\n### concerning\n\n#### SCHISTOSOMIASIS\n\n##### ICD CODE: 120\n\n###### Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 \nsubsection 196B(2)\n\n1. Being of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that schistosomiasis and death from schistosomiasis can be related to operational service rendered by veterans, Peacekeeping service rendered by members of Peacekeeping Forces and hazardous service rendered by members of the Forces, the Repatriation Medical Authority determines, under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 (the Act), that the factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting schistosomiasis or death from schistosomiasis with the circumstances of that service, are:\n\n(a) being in contact with water in an area described in the Schedule before the clinical onset of schistosomiasis; or\n\n(b) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for schistosomiasis.\n\n2. Subject to clause 3 (below) at least one of the factors set out in paragraphs 1(a) to 1(b) must be related to any service rendered by a person.\n\n3. The factor set out in paragraph 1(b) applies only where:\n\n(a) the person’s schistosomiasis was contracted before a period, or part of a period, of service to which the factor is related; and\n\n(b) the relationship suggested between the schistosomiasis and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act.\n\n4. For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:\n\n“an area described in the Schedule” means an area described in the Schedule attached to this instrument, such area being an area in which the Schistosoma blood fluke is known to be distributed;\n\n“ICD code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision, effective date of 1 October 1993, copyrighted by the US Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, and having the Library of Congress number 77-94472;\n\n“schistosomiasis” (otherwise known as bilharziasis) means infection by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma, (trematode flatworms, commonly known as blood flukes) being S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi or S. malayensis, attracting ICD code 120.\n\n \n\nSchedule\n\nGlobal Distribution of the Schistosoma Blood Fluke\n\n| COUNTRY or AREA | mansoni mansoni | haematobium | intercalatum | japonicum | Mekong | malayensis |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------ | --------- | ------ | ---------- |\n| African RegionAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkino FasoBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoEquatorial GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuinea-BissauGuineaIvory CoastKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSào Tome and PrincipeSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ++++++++++ | | | |\n\n \n\n(continued...)\n\n```html\n

COUNTRY or AREA

mansoni mansoni

haematobium

intercalatum

japonicum

Mekong

malayensis

Region of the Americas

Antigua

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Guadeloupe

Martinique

Montserrat

Puerto Rico

Saint Lucia

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Surinam

Venezuela

+

+

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Somalia

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

Yemen

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

European Region

Turkey

Portugal

+

+

South East Asia Region

Indonesia

Thailand

India

+

+

+

Western Pacific Region

China

Cambodia

Japan

Lao People's Republic

Malaysia

Philippines

+

+

+

+

+

+

\n```\n\nNote: + denotes that a particular species of Schistosoma is distributed in that area.\n\nDated this Twenty-first day of June 1995\n\nThe Common Seal of the )\n\nRepatriation Medical Authority )\n\nwas affixed to this instrument )\n\nin the presence of: )\n\nKEN DONALD\n\nCHAIRMAN","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986subsectio","sectionType":"section","heading":"Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986subsection 196B(2)","content":"###### Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 \nsubsection 196B(2)\n\n1. Being of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that schistosomiasis and death from schistosomiasis can be related to operational service rendered by veterans, Peacekeeping service rendered by members of Peacekeeping Forces and hazardous service rendered by members of the Forces, the Repatriation Medical Authority determines, under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 (the Act), that the factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting schistosomiasis or death from schistosomiasis with the circumstances of that service, are:\n\n(a) being in contact with water in an area described in the Schedule before the clinical onset of schistosomiasis; or\n\n(b) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for schistosomiasis.\n\n2. Subject to clause 3 (below) at least one of the factors set out in paragraphs 1(a) to 1(b) must be related to any service rendered by a person.\n\n3. The factor set out in paragraph 1(b) applies only where:\n\n(a) the person’s schistosomiasis was contracted before a period, or part of a period, of service to which the factor is related; and\n\n(b) the relationship suggested between the schistosomiasis and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act.\n\n4. For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:\n\n“an area described in the Schedule” means an area described in the Schedule attached to this instrument, such area being an area in which the Schistosoma blood fluke is known to be distributed;\n\n“ICD code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision, effective date of 1 October 1993, copyrighted by the US Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, and having the Library of Congress number 77-94472;\n\n“schistosomiasis” (otherwise known as bilharziasis) means infection by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma, (trematode flatworms, commonly known as blood flukes) being S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi or S. malayensis, attracting ICD code 120.\n\n \n\nSchedule\n\nGlobal Distribution of the Schistosoma Blood Fluke\n\n| COUNTRY or AREA | mansoni mansoni | haematobium | intercalatum | japonicum | Mekong | malayensis |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------ | --------- | ------ | ---------- |\n| African RegionAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkino FasoBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoEquatorial GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuinea-BissauGuineaIvory CoastKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSào Tome and PrincipeSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ++++++++++ | | | |\n\n \n\n(continued...)\n\n```html\n

COUNTRY or AREA

mansoni mansoni

haematobium

intercalatum

japonicum

Mekong

malayensis

Region of the Americas

Antigua

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Guadeloupe

Martinique

Montserrat

Puerto Rico

Saint Lucia

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Surinam

Venezuela

+

+

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Somalia

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

Yemen

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

European Region

Turkey

Portugal

+

+

South East Asia Region

Indonesia

Thailand

India

+

+

+

Western Pacific Region

China

Cambodia

Japan

Lao People's Republic

Malaysia

Philippines

+

+

+

+

+

+

\n```\n\nNote: + denotes that a particular species of Schistosoma is distributed in that area.\n\nDated this Twenty-first day of June 1995\n\nThe Common Seal of the )\n\nRepatriation Medical Authority )\n\nwas affixed to this instrument )\n\nin the presence of: )\n\nKEN DONALD\n\nCHAIRMAN","sortOrder":5}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"model":"kimi-k2.5","source":"moonshot-realtime","completionTokens":2588},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This appears to be the original 1995 instrument (No. 255 of 1995) establishing the Statement of Principles for schistosomiasis. As an original determination rather than an amending instrument, it establishes the initial scope without deviation from any prior version."},"complexity_factors":["Cross-references to 5 specific provisions of the Veterans' Entitlements Act (s 196B(2), paras 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d), 70(5A)(d))","Conditional limitation restricting factor 1(b) to pre-existing conditions and specific service relationships (clause 3)","Three technical defined terms including medical taxonomy (ICD codes, parasite species names)","Extensive geographical schedule mapping parasite distribution across 6 WHO regions and dozens of countries"],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument sets the medical criteria for linking schistosomiasis to military service under the Veterans' Entitlements Act 1986, affecting veterans with operational, peacekeeping, or hazardous service. It establishes the minimum factors that can create a reasonable hypothesis of service connection so affected personnel can seek compensation.\n\nIt also defines schistosomiasis (lists the causative parasites and ICD code) and clarifies limits on using “inability to obtain treatment” as an alternative basis for claims."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument does not expand or narrow the statutory classes of service covered by the Act; it specifies the minimum factual factors (exposure, treatment access, geographic distribution and medical definition) that will raise a reasonable hypothesis linking schistosomiasis to service. In other words, it clarifies evidential thresholds and limits the application of the inability‑to‑treat factor (clause 3) rather than changing the Act’s substantive scope."},"complexity_factors":["Legal cross‑references: the instrument ties the inability‑to‑treat factor to specific relationships in the Veterans’ Entitlements Act (paragraphs 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d), 70(5A)(d)), requiring claim examiners to map facts to separate statutory categories.","Conditional application: paragraph 3 limits paragraph 1(b) to pre‑existing infections and to certain Act relationships, adding a timing/causation layer to eligibility.","Technical medical definitions: use of the ICD code and species list (clause 4) requires medical interpretation of diagnoses and coding.","Large geographic Schedule: an extensive country/region table determines exposure eligibility; maintaining and interpreting that Schedule adds administrative work.","Ambiguous factual terms: phrases like “being in contact with water” and “appropriate clinical management” are fact‑intensive and may generate evidentiary disputes.","Evidentiary standard: the instrument operates at the ‘reasonable hypothesis’ threshold under s.196B(2), a legal standard that sits below proof on balance but still requires adjudication by decision‑makers."],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument sets the minimum factual factors needed to raise a “reasonable hypothesis” that schistosomiasis (ICD‑120) or death from it is related to a person’s operational, peacekeeping or hazardous military service. It requires either contact with water in a Schistosoma‑endemic area listed in the Schedule before clinical onset, or inability to obtain appropriate clinical management (with limits where the infection was pre‑existing and specific Act relationships apply). It affects veterans and service members claiming entitlements by defining the exposure, medical‑management and geographic evidence required (clauses 1–4, Schedule)."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/statement-of-principles-concerning-schistosomiasis-no-255-of-1995","history":"/api/acts/statement-of-principles-concerning-schistosomiasis-no-255-of-1995/history","analysis":"/api/acts/statement-of-principles-concerning-schistosomiasis-no-255-of-1995/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/statement-of-principles-concerning-schistosomiasis-no-255-of-1995/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/statement-of-principles-concerning-schistosomiasis-no-255-of-1995/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/statement-of-principles-concerning-schistosomiasis-no-255-of-1995/documents"}}