Migration (Specified work and areas for subclass 462 visas) Instrument (LIN 22/013) 2022

The instrument pivots on two core concepts: geographic specification and task specification, combined with temporal windows. The instrument repeatedly anchors its labels for particular geographic classes to Schedule 1. Section 4 defines the labels (for example, "Northern Australia means one or more areas of Australia mentioned in item 2 of Schedule 1") so that every time the instrument uses "Northern Australia" it points to the postcode and area lists in Schedule 1. Schedule 1 contains granular postcode lists, local government area names and state/territory entries for five separate items: (1) Bushfire affected areas; (2) Northern Australia; (3) Regional Australia; (4) Remote and Very Remote Australia; and (5) Areas affected by flood, cyclone or other severe weather.

Task specification is effected by enumerated lists in ss 5 to 9A. Each provision links certain kinds of work to particular areas:

• Section 5 specifies that in Northern Australia (as defined by Schedule 1 item 2) the kinds of work in s 5(2) count as specified work. Those kinds are: fishing and pearling operations directly relating to taking or catching aquatic species and operations directly relating to taking or culturing pearls or pearl shell; and tree farming and felling including planting/tending trees intended to be felled, felling trees, and transporting felled trees or parts to the first mill or processing place or to a place from which they are transported to milling or processing (s 5(2) table).
• Section 6 specifies plant and animal cultivation work and construction work as specified where carried out in Northern Australia and Regional Australia (s 6(1)-(2)). The catalogue in s 6(2) is detailed: plant and animal cultivation covers harvesting/packing fruit and vegetables, pruning/vine/tree trimming directly associated with cultivation and commercial sale, general maintenance crop work, cultivating or propagating plants or fungi, immediate processing of plant products, maintaining animals for sale or their bodily produce, and immediate processing of animal products including shearing, butchery, packing and tanning but not secondary processing; construction covers building construction, heavy and civil engineering, land development/site preparation, building structure, installation and completion services.
• Section 7 specifies tourism and hospitality work in particular postcodes (4406, 4416, 4498 and 7215), Northern Australia and Remote and Very Remote Australia, but only where carried out after 21 June 2021 (s 7(1)). The kinds of services listed are accommodation (hotels, motels, B&Bs, backpacker hostels, caravan parks, commercial housekeeping, boarding houses etc), food and beverage services (cafes, restaurants, takeaway, catering, pubs/bars, hospitality clubs), and services provided directly to tourists (tourist guides/operators, outdoor instructors, tourist transport workers, gallery/museum workers, travel agency and tourist information workers, event and entertainment venue workers) (s 7(2)).
• Section 8 specifies "bushfire recovery work" in bushfire affected areas (Schedule 1 item 1) when carried out after 31 July 2019; it explicitly includes paid or volunteer work consisting of construction, farming, or other work associated with recovery or restitution of land, property, farm animals or wildlife, and providing support services or assistance to people living, working or volunteering in affected areas (s 8(1)-(2)).
• Section 9 specifies critical COVID‑19 work in the healthcare and medical sectors across every area of Australia if carried out after 31 January 2020, including medical treatment, nursing, contact tracing, testing and research, and support services such as cleaning of medical and health care facilities and equipment (s 9(1)-(2)).
• Section 9A specifies recovery work after flood, cyclone or other severe weather in areas listed in Schedule 1 item 5 if carried out after 31 December 2021; that includes clean‑up, construction or any other work associated with restitution or restoration of services, land, waterways, property or infrastructure and providing support services or assistance to people living, working or volunteering in the affected areas (s 9A(1)-(2)).

Temporal cut‑offs are integral to the instrument’s scope. The provisioned dates establish retrospective windows that determine whether work performed at a given time qualifies as "specified" for the purposes of the Regulations. The instrument also includes application rules for later instruments which amend the specified work lists (ss 10 and 11).

Finally, the Schedule contains highly specific locality data. It lists councils, local government areas and postcode ranges by state and territory, and in some entries the schedule uses the phrase "All postcodes" or "All areas", for example the Northern Territory entries for several items. The instrument therefore operates concretely through a mapping: work type + geographic area + date ➜ specified Subclass 462 work for the Regulations.

Directly affected parties are identified by the instrument’s function: it matters to persons and entities who need to demonstrate that work performed is "specified Subclass 462 work" as used in regulation 1.03 and regulation 1.15FA of the Migration Regulations. Those groups include:

• Applicants for Subclass 462 visas and any visa applicants relying on the Migration Regulations’ definition of "specified Subclass 462 work" to satisfy eligibility criteria for subsequent visa entitlements or concessions. The instrument determines whether a particular job, in a particular place and time, will be treated as specified work under the Regulations (see s 3).
• Employers, host organisations, farms, fisheries, pearl farms, construction firms, hospitality and tourism operators, and healthcare or cleaning contractors who engage Subclass 462 visa holders. Whether the work they provide will be "specified" under the Regulations depends on the match between tasks, place and date and the instrument’s lists (see ss 5-9A and Schedule 1).
• Local government areas and regional authorities named in Schedule 1. The instrument attaches legal significance to those named areas by linking them to categories such as bushfire affected area, Northern Australia, Regional Australia, Remote and Very Remote Australia and areas affected by flood, cyclone or other severe weather. Where a council or postcode is named, work carried out there can take on "specified" status if the other conditions in the relevant section are met.
• Migration decision‑makers and officers who apply regulation 1.03 and regulation 1.15FA of the Migration Regulations. The instrument instructs how to treat particular tasks and places when assessing whether an applicant’s work falls within the Regulations’ specified categories (s 3).
• Persons engaged in volunteer work in bushfire or disaster recovery contexts. Section 8(2)(a) and (b) expressly include "paid or volunteer" work in the definition of bushfire recovery work, so volunteers in listed bushfire affected areas who perform recovery tasks after 31 July 2019 are captured by the specification.
• Entities or persons involved in later amendment processes (for example, LIN 24/020 and LIN 25/048), because ss 10-11 set transitional application rules for those later instruments with respect to Work and Holiday (Temporary) (Class US) visa applications.

Indirectly affected groups include insurers, payroll and tax advisers, compliance officers and auditors who need to verify that migrant labour has been properly classified for visa compliance, and community organisations that support labour placement or lodging of evidence for visa applications. The instrument’s lists and temporal cutoffs are the determinative source for whether particular types of work performed in particular places and dates will be recognised under the Migration Regulations; that determination affects eligibility, compliance risk and administrative outcomes for the groups above.

This instrument primarily operates as an evidentiary and definitional tool rather than imposing duties or conferring rights itself. The text repeatedly frames its content as specifications "for the purposes of the definition of specified Subclass 462 work in regulation 1.03 and regulation 1.15FA of the Regulations" (s 3). Consequently:

• It does not create obligations or penalties within its text. It creates legal effect only by specifying what counts as "specified Subclass 462 work" for the Regulations. Any duties or rights that flow from that classification are sourced in the Migration Regulations or the Migration Act, not in the instrument itself.
• Where the instrument uses inclusive language ("includes", see s 8(2)(b), s 9(2)(b)(ii), s 9A(1)(c)(ii)), it expands the categories of work that the Regulations will recognise as specified. For example, s 8(2)(b) expressly includes "providing support services or assistance to people living, working or volunteering in the affected areas" within bushfire recovery work. That inclusion may affect whether a person doing support tasks can have their work counted as specified work under the Regulations.
• The instrument creates definitional certainty where it names precise areas in Schedule 1. For decision‑makers, the right to treat particular activities as specified work (and conversely the lack of a right to treat other activities as specified) depends on matching the applicant’s circumstances to the instrument’s categories and Schedule 1 entries. The instrument supplies the geographic and functional mapping that triggers rights and obligations under the Regulations.
• Temporal conditions in ss 7-9A constrain when work is eligible. Rights to have work treated as specified (for example, for a visa-related purpose) are therefore time‑bound: e.g., tourism and hospitality work is specified only if carried out after 21 June 2021 (s 7(1)(b)). The date elements operate to include or exclude past work in an eligibility assessment.
• The instrument affords a degree of administrative predictability: employers and applicants can determine in advance whether a given role in a named area qualifies as specified work under the Regulations. However, the instrument itself does not specify the documentary standards or evidentiary thresholds for proving that work was carried out; that remains a matter for the Migration Regulations and departmental practice.

In short, the instrument performs classificatory work. Duties and rights that depend on that classification continue to be governed by the Migration Regulations and Act. Practitioners should therefore treat the instrument as a mapping tool: it does not by itself impose employer obligations or grant visas; rather, it identifies which activities and areas are relevant to the application of the Regulations’ tests.

The instrument does not contain any offence provisions, pecuniary penalties, civil sanctions or enforcement mechanisms. Its function is to specify for the Migration Regulations which areas and kinds of work should be treated as "specified Subclass 462 work" (s 3). The instrument therefore operates within the regulatory architecture where penalties and enforcement are housed elsewhere , principally in the Migration Regulations and the Migration Act. Concretely:

• There are no enforcement sections in this instrument. No section imposes a fine, imprisonment, or administrative penalty. The instrument is silent on enforcement action, disciplinary processes, or compliance audits.
• Enforcement consequences that rely on whether work is "specified" under regulation 1.03 or regulation 1.15FA will be determined by the Migration Regulations or by the Migration Act and its administrative practices. For example, the practical legal consequences of a role being "specified" (such as eligibility for a subsequent visa) are matters for the Regulations; the instrument only identifies the work and place that count for those regulatory tests (s 3).
• The instrument contains transitional application clauses (ss 10 and 11) which affect how amendments made by other instruments apply to visa applications "made, but not finally determined, before the commencement of that instrument; or made on or after the commencement of that instrument" (ss 10(a)-(b), 11(a)-(b)). Those clauses can affect administrative outcomes for pending visa applications, but again enforcement or review pathways are found in migration law and administrative law, not in this instrument.

Practitioners should therefore expect to find enforcement mechanisms, review rights and penalties in the Migration Regulations and the Migration Act rather than in the specification instrument. When an application depends on whether work was "specified", assessing compliance risk and potential consequence involves consulting the Regulations and the Act in addition to the instrument.

The instrument is expressly drafted to operate as a subordinate legal instrument that fills out definitions used in the Migration Regulations. Section 3 states the purpose: the instrument specifies areas and kinds of work for the definition of specified Subclass 462 work in regulation 1.03 and regulation 1.15FA of the Regulations. That statement clarifies its place in the legal hierarchy: it is a specification feeding into regulatory definitions.

Key interaction pathways are:

• Migration Regulations: The instrument’s content is used for the definition of "specified Subclass 462 work" in regulation 1.03 and regulation 1.15FA. Any legal effects or criteria that hinge on that definition will draw on the instrument. The instrument does not restate or alter regulation 1.03 or 1.15FA; instead, it supplies the lists of areas and work kinds those regulations require for application.
• Subsequent amendment instruments: The instrument contains transitional application clauses for two later instruments (LIN 24/020 and LIN 25/048) in ss 10 and 11. Those clauses declare how the amendments made by those instruments apply to Work and Holiday (Temporary) (Class US) visa applications that are made but not finally determined before commencement, or made on or after commencement. This creates an interaction between LIN 22/013 and subsequent LIN instruments by providing a transitional rule. The instrument does not, however, specify the content of LIN 24/020 or LIN 25/048; it only declares how their amendments apply to applications.
• Administrative law and migration decision‑making: Because the instrument supplies factual categories (areas, postcodes, kinds of work), migration officers and tribunals applying regulation 1.03 or regulation 1.15FA will necessarily use it to resolve factual questions about whether a person’s work meets the Regulations’ specified work tests. The instrument therefore has administrative law relevance for merits review or judicial review, even though it does not itself establish review procedures.
• Local government and state/territory law: The Schedule refers to local government areas and postcodes. While the instrument uses those local identifiers for federal migration purposes, it does not alter or supersede state or local planning, employment, occupational health and safety, tax, or industrial relations laws. Those laws remain separately applicable to employers and workers in the named areas. The instrument interacts with these systems only to the extent that the migration classification of certain work can affect workforce supply, recruitment and compliance considerations in those jurisdictions.
• Disaster and emergency declarations: The instrument’s categories (for example, "bushfire affected area", "Area affected by flood, cyclone or other severe weather", and "COVID‑19") refer to events and time windows. The instrument does not itself declare disasters; it treats those labels as defined terms and links them to Schedule 1 entries. Any interaction with disaster relief statutes or emergency assistance programs is indirect: the instrument enables certain recovery work to be counted as specified Subclass 462 work, but it does not itself confer eligibility for disaster relief or impose obligations on state agencies.

In practical terms, the instrument is a building block within the migration regulatory framework. It will be used in conjunction with the Migration Regulations and the Migration Act when assessing visa eligibility, and it will be operationalised by administrative practice and by any subsequent amending instruments whose transitional application is set out in ss 10-11.

The instrument is identified as LIN 22/013 (2022) in its title (s 1). It includes express application provisions for later amending instruments, signalling an expectation of further changes to the specified work and area lists. The relevant sections are:

• Section 10: "The amendments made by the Migration Legislation Amendment (Specified Work and Areas for Subclass 417 and 462 Visas) Instrument (LIN 24/020) 2024 apply in relation to an application for a Work and Holiday (Temporary) (Class US) visa: (a) made, but not finally determined, before the commencement of that instrument; or (b) made on or after the commencement of that instrument." This transition clause ties LIN 22/013 to LIN 24/020 by stating how LIN 24/020’s amendments apply to relevant visa applications, both pending and future.
• Section 11: an equivalent clause for LIN 25/048 2025: "The amendments made by the Migration Legislation Amendment (Specified Work and Areas for Subclass 417 and 462 Visas) Instrument 2025 apply in relation to an application for a Work and Holiday (Temporary) (Class US) visa: (a) made, but not finally determined, before the commencement of that instrument; or; (b) made on or after the commencement of that instrument." Note the typographical duplication of the semicolon in 11(a)-(b). The clause indicates that LIN 25/048 alters the specification landscape and that its amendments are intended to apply to pending and subsequent applications in the same way as LIN 24/020.

Beyond those internal references to amending instruments, the instrument itself records a small catalogue of temporal anchors that have the effect of setting retrospective windows for specified work categories. Those dates are part of the instrument’s structure and may be relevant to any amendment timetable:

• s 7(1)(b): tourism and hospitality work is specified "if carried out after 21 June 2021".
• s 8(1)(b): bushfire recovery work is specified "if carried out after 31 July 2019".
• s 9(1)(b): critical COVID‑19 work is specified "if carried out after 31 January 2020".
• s 9A(1)(b): recovery work after flood, cyclone or other severe weather is specified "if carried out after 31 December 2021".

The instrument does not include a formal amendment schedule of its own beyond these application clauses for LIN 24/020 and LIN 25/048. It therefore looks forward to later instruments as the vehicle for changes to the lists. Practitioners should check the commencement dates and texts of LIN 24/020 and LIN 25/048 when those instruments are engaged, because ss 10 and 11 mean LIN 24/020 and LIN 25/048 will interact with pending visa applications and future ones.

The instrument contains no litigation history and names no judicial decisions. It is a specification instrument and does not recite cases or mention court or tribunal determinations. There are therefore no cases or litigation outcomes recorded within the instrument text itself to consult.

Because the instrument is a subordinate instrument used to apply regulation 1.03 and regulation 1.15FA, any litigation that concerns the effect of the specified work lists would arise in the context of challenges to migration decisions under the Migration Act or administrative law review. Those proceedings would address how the instrument is applied by decision‑makers, whether an applicant’s circumstances fall within the instrument’s lists and any questions of interpretation or review. None of that litigation is cited or described in the instrument.

For practitioners, the operative point is that the instrument supplies factual categories and lists; legal disputes about their application will be litigated elsewhere. The instrument itself provides no judicial interpretations or litigation precedent.

The instrument’s content produces several practical and drafting pitfalls to be attentive to when advising clients or assembling evidence.

1. Specification versus entitlement. The instrument is a specification for the definition of "specified Subclass 462 work" in regulation 1.03 and regulation 1.15FA (s 3). It does not itself grant visa rights or set evidentiary standards. Confusing the instrument’s specification role with substantive visa entitlement or with documentation requirements is a common operational error. Always cross‑reference the Migration Regulations to determine the downstream legal consequences.

2. Temporal windows matter. Several categories are time‑limited by the instrument’s language:

   • Tourism and hospitality work is specified only if carried out after 21 June 2021 (s 7(1)(b)).
   • Bushfire recovery work is specified only if carried out after 31 July 2019 (s 8(1)(b)).
   • Critical COVID‑19 work is specified only if carried out after 31 January 2020 (s 9(1)(b)).
   • Flood/cyclone recovery work is specified only if carried out after 31 December 2021 (s 9A(1)(b)). Applicants or employers relying on pre‑cutoff work must not assume the work is "specified" under the Regulations simply because it resembles a named category; the date of the work is decisive.

3. Narrow vs broad functional descriptions. The instrument sometimes draws fine distinctions:

   • In s 6(2)(g) and (h), "immediate processing of animal products including shearing, butchery, packing and tanning, but not including secondary processing" and "manufacturing dairy produce from raw material" are specified. The exclusion of "secondary processing" means value‑added activities beyond immediate processing could be excluded; whether a given factory task is "immediate" or "secondary" may be a finely factual question.
   • In s 5(2) the transport limb for tree felling work limits transport to "the place where they are first to be milled or processed, or any other place from which they are to be transported to the place where they are to be milled or processed." Transport beyond those points may not be captured.

4. Geographic specificity and potential for transcription errors. Schedule 1 is detailed and, in places, contains formatting or typographical anomalies that could create ambiguity in practice:

   • Some Schedule entries repeat local names (for example "Upper Hunter, Upper Hunter" appears in the NSW bushfire affected list).
   • In the Remote and Very Remote Australia entry (item 4) there is a range "2832 to 283, 2838 to 2840" where "283" appears truncated; that looks like a typographical error and could raise interpretive questions.
   • In the same Remote and Very Remote Australia entry for Queensland there is a double comma "4470, , 4474" which is a typographical insertion.
   • Section 11 contains an extra semicolon in paragraph (a) and a trailing punctuation oddity. While courts often respect plain legislative intent despite typographical slips, these features can complicate administrative decision‑making and evidentiary assessment where precise postcode boundaries matter.

5. "All postcodes" and uneven granularity. Some Schedule entries use "All postcodes" (for example Northern Territory in several items, and South Australia in the Regional Australia item 3 says "All postcodes"). Where the Schedule uses "All postcodes", the instrument is broad geographically. Where it lists postcode ranges or local government areas, the instrument is granular. Practitioners must not generalise from an "All postcodes" entry in one item to another item that lists specific postcodes.

6. Volunteer work explicitly included for bushfire recovery. Section 8(2)(a) and (b) include "paid or volunteer" work. That inclusion matters because volunteers performing recovery tasks may be able to rely on the specification in the Regulations, whereas volunteer roles in other categories are not similarly spelled out. For example, s 9 (critical COVID work) focuses on medical and support services, but does not use the same "paid or volunteer" formulation. Practitioners should therefore consider the status of the work (paid/volunteer) in the relevant category.

7. Scope of "support services". Several clauses include "support services or assistance" (s 8(2)(b), s 9A(1)(c)(ii), s 9(2)(b)(ii)). Those phrases are broad but undefined in the instrument. Administrative interpretations may therefore turn on factual description of the task; employers should ensure job descriptions clearly tie tasks to recovery or healthcare support roles where that connection is relied upon.

8. Relationship with LIN 24/020 and LIN 25/048. Sections 10 and 11 operate as transitional bridges to later amendments. Practitioners must take care when dealing with pending visa applications around the commencement dates of those instruments: ss 10-11 mean LIN 24/020 and LIN 25/048 will apply to applications made but not finally determined before commencement as well as to applications made on or after commencement. You must check the commencement date and the content of the amending instruments to advise on their practical effect.

9. No express evidentiary standard. The instrument does not prescribe what documentation is required to show that work was "carried out" in the specified area and manner. That absence means practical evidence strategies must rely on Migration Regulations, departmental guidance and administrative practice rather than the instrument itself.

10. Potential confusion between Subclass distinctions. The instrument names the Subclass 462 in its purpose and then in ss 10-11 mentions Work and Holiday (Temporary) (Class US) visa applications. Practitioners should take care to confirm the precise visa subclass and class referred to in the Migration Regulations and any amending instruments, because these terms and subclass numbers can be similar in migration law practice.

Attention to these points will reduce the risk of misapplication and will enable precise argument when matching an applicant’s factual matrix to the instrument’s lists.

Because the instrument functions as a specification to the Migration Regulations, compliance for applicants and employers consists of ensuring the factual record matches the instrument’s geographic, occupational and temporal conditions. The instrument itself does not set documentary requirements, so compliance must be demonstrated to the decision‑maker in the form they require under the Migration Regulations and departmental practice. Practical measures that reflect the instrument’s mechanics follow; these are procedural recommendations grounded in how the instrument operates (s 3 and ss 5-9A and Schedule 1).

1. Verify the geographic location precisely. The Schedule uses postcode ranges and local government areas. Compliance requires establishing that the work was "carried out" in a postcode or local government area that the Schedule includes for the relevant item. For example:

   • If relying on Northern Australia for fishing work under s 5, confirm the work took place in a postcode listed under Schedule 1 item 2 for the relevant state/territory.
   • If relying on Regional Australia for construction or plant/animal cultivation under s 6, check Schedule 1 item 3 entries for the relevant postcode or local government area. Employers and applicants should maintain contemporaneous location records, pay‑records that include employer address, site addresses, rosters and transport logs consistent with the listed postcode or local government area.

2. Describe the kind of work against the instrument’s enumerated tasks. The instrument is task‑specific. For example:

   • For tree felling under s 5(2) the work must be in a plantation or forest and the tasks may include planting, tending, felling and transporting felled trees to the first mill or processing place. Job descriptions, supervisor statements and photographs that locate the activity within these bounds will assist.
   • For construction under s 6(2)(a)-(f), specify the construction category (building construction, heavy and civil engineering, land development, building structure services, installation, completion). Use employer role descriptions and site contracts to map the duties onto these subcategories.

3. Match timing to the instrument’s date conditions. Some categories require the work to have been carried out after a specific date:

   • Tourism and hospitality only if after 21 June 2021 (s 7(1)(b)).
   • Bushfire recovery only if after 31 July 2019 (s 8(1)(b)).
   • Critical COVID‑19 work only if after 31 January 2020 (s 9(1)(b)).
   • Flood/cyclone recovery only if after 31 December 2021 (s 9A(1)(b)). Evidence that timestamps the work is therefore essential: payslips with pay period dates, employer letters with exact start and end dates, time sheets, bank transfers tied to date ranges and dated photographs are practical forms of proof.

4. For volunteer work in bushfire recovery, ensure the volunteer status and tasks are clearly documented. Section 8(2) recognises "paid or volunteer" work in bushfire recovery. Volunteer roles should be evidenced by organiser letters confirming volunteer service, rosters, incident reports, or volunteer organisation documentation that ties the volunteer tasks to recovery activity in a listed bushfire affected area.

5. For "support services" roles, link tasks to the recovery or healthcare mission. Sections 8(2)(b), 9(2)(b)(ii) and 9A(1)(c)(ii) include "support services or assistance". Documentation should identify the specific support tasks performed (for example, cleaning of medical facilities under s 9(2)(b)(ii) is explicitly mentioned), and explain how those tasks relate to the healthcare or recovery operation in the listed area.

6. Maintain contemporaneous employer statements and job descriptions. Because the instrument speaks in functional terms ("immediate processing", "secondary processing", "support services"), a plain, contemporaneous employer statement that sets out the employee’s daily duties, location, and the nature of the processing or support tasks will make matching facts to the instrument’s categories straightforward.

7. Be alert to the precision required for transport and processing limbs. For tree felling (s 5(2)), the transport limb requires that trees be transported to "the place where they are first to be milled or processed, or any other place from which they are to be transported to the place where they are to be milled or processed." If the transport stretches beyond these specified nodes, it may fall outside the specification. Evidence of transport routes, delivery dockets, consignment notes and the first mill/processor address will help.

8. Cross‑check Schedule 1 for transcription anomalies in postcode ranges. Given typographical anomalies in the Schedule (for example, truncated ranges and double commas), when a postcode sits near an ambiguous textual boundary obtain corroboration from departmental guidance, and if necessary seek clarification from the department. Do not rely solely on a gestalt reading of the Schedule where punctuation or numeric ranges are unclear.

9. For pending applications around LIN 24/020 or LIN 25/048, check commencement dates and transitional application clauses. Sections 10 and 11 make LIN 24/020 and LIN 25/048 apply to pending and subsequent applications. If you have an application "made, but not finally determined" before the commencement of those instruments, you must identify which instrument and commencement date applies and whether the amendments change the specification relied upon. Obtain the text and commencement date of the relevant LIN instrument and assess whether the application is caught by the transitional provision in ss 10 or 11.

10. Preserve documentary continuity for multi‑stage or itinerant work. Where a visa applicant has worked across multiple sites, postcodes or task types, provide a clear timeline and mapping of tasks to locations and dates so that an assessor can determine which portions (if any) meet the instrument’s specification.

These steps reflect the instrument’s mechanics. The instrument does not prescribe any particular form of evidence; however, decision‑makers normally rely on contemporaneous documentation and employer corroboration to establish whether work was "carried out" in the sense required by the Regulations. Practitioners should therefore combine careful factual mapping against the instrument with documentary evidence that will satisfy the assessing body under the Migration Regulations.