Part Part 9 - Manual of Standards Part 139 - Aerodromes - Visual Aids Provided by Aerodrome Lighting......................9-1 | ZoeCTHRepealedLegislation
Manual of Standards Part 139 - Aerodromes
Part 9Visual Aids Provided by Aerodrome Lighting......................9-1
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Chapter 9: Visual Aids Provided by Aerodrome Lighting......................9-1
Section 9.1: General.....................................................9-1
9.1.1AA Inset runway lights — early compliance with alternative new Chapter 9 standards............................................9-1
9.1.1 Application and Definitions........................................9-2
9.1.2 Standardisation of Aerodrome Lighting..............................9-4
9.1.3 Lighting in the Vicinity of an Aerodrome............................9-4
9.1.4 Minimum Lighting System Requirements............................9-5
9.1.5 Primary Source of Electricity Supply................................9-6
9.1.6 Electrical Circuitry................................................9-6
9.1.7 Secondary Power Supply.........................................9-7
9.1.8 Switch-over Time................................................9-8
9.1.9 Standby Power Supply...........................................9-9
9.1.10 Portable Lighting................................................9-9
9.1.11 Light Fixtures and Supporting Structures...........................9-11
9.1.12 Elevated and Inset Lights.......................................9-11
9.1.13 Colour of Light Shown...........................................9-12
9.1.14 Light intensity and Control......................................9-12
9.1.15 Commissioning of Lighting Systems..............................9-16
Section 9.2: Colours for Aeronautical Ground Lights.....................9-18
9.2.1 General......................................................9-18
9.2.2 Chromaticities.................................................9-18
9.2.3 Discrimination Between Coloured Lights..........................9-19
Section 9.3: Pilot Activated Lighting Systems............................9-21
9.3.1 General......................................................9-21
9.3.2 VHF Carrier Activation Code....................................9-22
9.3.3 VHF Carrier Detector Technical Requirements.....................9-23
9.3.4 Inputs to the PAL..............................................9-23
9.3.5 Fail-safe Arrangements with PAL system.........................9-24
9.3.6 Access to Manual Switches.....................................9-24
9.3.7 Receiving Antenna.............................................9-25
9.3.8 PAL with Audio Acknowledgment................................9-25
Section 9.4: Obstacle Lighting..........................................9-26
9.4.1 General......................................................9-26
9.4.2 Types of Obstacle Lighting and Their Use.........................9-27
9.4.3 Location of Obstacle Lights.....................................9-27
9.4.4 Natural Obstacles..............................................9-33
9.4.5 Temporary Obstacles..........................................9-33
9.4.6 Characteristics of Low Intensity Obstacle Lights....................9-33
9.4.7 Characteristics of Medium Intensity Obstacle Lights................9-34
9.4.8 Characteristics of High Intensity Obstacle Lights...................9-34
9.4.9 Floodlighting of Obstacles......................................9-36
9.4.10 Ongoing Availability of Obstacle Lights...........................9-36
Section 9.5: Aerodrome Beacons........................................9-38
9.5.1 General......................................................9-38
Section 9.6: Illuminated Wind Direction Indicator.........................9-40
9.6.1 General......................................................9-40
Section 9.7: Approach Lighting Systems.................................9-42
9.7.1 Simple Approach Lighting System...............................9-42
9.7.2 Precision Approach Category I Lighting System....................9-42
9.7.3 Precision Approach Categories II and III Lighting System...........9-46
Section 9.8: Isocandela Diagrams of Approach Lighting..................9-50
9.8.1 Collective Notes...............................................9-50
Section 9.9: Visual Approach Slope Indicator Systems....................9-52
9.9.1 General......................................................9-52
9.9.2 Obstacle Assessment Surface...................................9-53
9.9.3 T-VASIS and AT-VASIS........................................9-55
9.9.4 Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) system..................9-60
Section 9.10: Runway Lighting..........................................9-68
9.10.1 Types of Runway Edge Lighting Systems.........................9-68
9.10.2 Runway Edge Lights...........................................9-68
9.10.3 Location of Runway Edge Lights.................................9-69
9.10.4 Longitudinal Spacing of Runway Edge Lights......................9-69
9.10.5 Lateral Spacing of Runway Edge Lights...........................9-70
9.10.6 Characteristics of Low and Medium Intensity Runway Edge Lights...9-70
9.10.7 Characteristics of High Intensity Runway Edge Lights...............9-70
9.10.8 Use of Bidirectional or Back-to-back Light Fittings..................9-71
9.10.9 Runway Threshold Lights.......................................9-71
9.10.10 Location of Runway Threshold Lights.............................9-71
9.10.11 Pattern of Low Intensity and Medium Intensity Runway Threshold Lights........................................................9-71
9.10.12 Pattern of High Intensity Runway Threshold Lights.................9-72
9.10.13 Characteristics of Low Intensity and Medium Intensity Runway Threshold Lights...............................................9-72
9.10.14 Characteristics of High Intensity Runway Threshold Lights..........9-73
9.10.15 Additional Lighting to Enhance Threshold Location.................9-73
9.10.16 Runway End Lights............................................9-76
9.10.17 Location of Runway End Lights..................................9-76
9.10.18 Pattern of Runway End Lights...................................9-76
9.10.19 Characteristics of Low and Medium Intensity Runway End Lights.....9-77
9.10.20 Characteristics of High Intensity Runway End Lights................9-77
9.10.21 Runway Turning Area Edge Lights...............................9-77
9.10.22 Stopway Lights................................................9-78
9.10.23 Hold Short Lights..............................................9-78
9.10.24 Runway Centreline Lights.......................................9-79
9.10.25 Runway Touchdown Zone Lights................................9-80
9.10.26 Photometric Characteristics of Runway Lights.....................9-81
9.10.27 Installation and Aiming of Light Fittings...........................9-81
9.10.28 Illustrations of Runway Lighting..................................9-81
Section 9.11: Isocandela Diagrams of Runway Lighting...................9-82
9.11.1 Collective Notes...............................................9-82
Section 9.12: Illustrations of Runway Lighting............................9-94
Section 9.13: Taxiway Lighting.........................................9-101
9.13.1 Provision of Taxiway Centreline Lights...........................9-101
9.13.2 Provision of Taxiway Edge Lights...............................9-101
9.13.3 Taxiway Markers.............................................9-101
9.13.4 Apron Taxiway Lighting........................................9-102
9.13.5 Use of Different Types of Taxiway Lights.........................9-102
9.13.6 Control of Lights on Taxiways..................................9-102
9.13.7 Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights...........................9-103
9.13.8 Spacing of Taxiway Centreline Lights............................9-103
9.13.9 Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights on Exit Taxiways............9-104
9.13.10 Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights on Rapid Exit Taxiways......9-104
9.13.11 Characteristics of Taxiway Centreline Lights......................9-105
9.13.12 Beam Dimensions and Light Distribution of Taxiway Centreline Lights.......................................................9-105
9.13.13 Location of Taxiway Edge Lights................................9-106
9.13.14 Spacing of Taxiway Edge Lights................................9-107
9.13.15 Characteristics of Taxiway Edge Lights..........................9-108
9.13.16 Provision of Runway Guard Lights..............................9-109
9.13.17 Pattern and Location of Runway Guard Lights....................9-109
9.13.18 Characteristics of Runway Guard Lights.........................9-110
9.13.19 Control of Runway Guard Lights................................9-111
9.13.20 Provision of Intermediate Holding Position Lights.................9-111
9.13.21 Pattern and Location of Intermediate Holding Position Lights.......9-112
9.13.22 Characteristics of Intermediate Holding Position Lights............9-112
9.13.23 Stop Bars....................................................9-112
9.13.24 Location of Stop Bars.........................................9-113
9.13.25 Characteristics of Stop Bars....................................9-113
9.13.26 Taxiway Edge Markers........................................9-114
9.13.27 Characteristics of Taxiway Edge Markers........................9-114
9.13.28 Taxiway Centreline Markers....................................9-114
9.13.29 Characteristics of Taxiway Centreline Markers....................9-114
9.13.30 Photometric Characteristics of Taxiway Lights....................9-114
9.13.31 Installation and Aiming of Light Fittings..........................9-115
Section 9.14: Isocandela Diagrams for Taxiway Lights...................9-116
9.14.1 Collective Notes to Figures....................................9-116
Section 9.15: Illustrations of Taxiway Lighting..........................9-123
Section 9.16: Apron Floodlighting......................................9-126
9.16.1 Introduction..................................................9-126
9.16.2 Provision of Apron Floodlighting................................9-126
9.16.3 Location of Apron Floodlighting.................................9-126
9.16.4 Characteristics of Apron Floodlighting...........................9-127
Section 9.17: Visual Docking Guidance Systems........................9-129
9.17.1 Provision of Visual Docking Guidance Systems...................9-129
9.17.2 Characteristics of Visual Docking Guidance Systems..............9-129
9.17.3 Azimuth Guidance Unit - Location...............................9-130
9.17.4 Azimuth Guidance Unit - Characteristics.........................9-130
9.17.5 Stopping Position Indicator - Location...........................9-130
9.17.6 Stopping Position Indicator - Characteristics......................9-130
9.17.7 Parking Position Identification Sign..............................9-131
9.17.8 Notification of Type of Aircraft Docking Guidance Systems.........9-131
Section 9.18: Lighting Associated with Closed and Unserviceable Areas..9-132
9.18.1 Closed Runway or Taxiway....................................9-132
9.18.2 Unserviceable Areas..........................................9-132
9.18.3 Characteristics of Unserviceability Lights.........................9-132
Section 9.19: Other Lights on an Aerodrome............................9-133
9.19.1 Vehicle Warning Lights........................................9-133
9.19.2 Works Limit Lights............................................9-133
9.19.3 Road and Car Park Lighting....................................9-133
9.19.4 Road-holding Position Light....................................9-133
Section 9.20: Monitoring, Maintenance and Serviceability of Aerodrome Lighting 9-135
9.20.1 General.....................................................9-135
9.20.2 Reporting of Aerodrome Lighting Outage........................9-135
Section 9.21: Lighting in the Vicinity of Aerodromes.....................9-139
9.21.1 Advice to Lighting Designers...................................9-139
9.21.1A Purpose of the Section........................................9-139
9.21.2 Legislative Background........................................9-139
9.21.3 General Requirement.........................................9-140
9.21.4 Light Fittings.................................................9-140
9.21.5 Coloured Lights..............................................9-141
9.21.6 Information and Correspondence...............................9-141
Section 9.22: Use of Unarmoured Cables for Aerodrome Lighting........9-143
9.22.1 Introduction..................................................9-143
9.22.2 Significant Areas of the Dispensation............................9-143
9.22.3 Conditions Governing the Dispensation..........................9-143
9.22.4 Aspects to Note..............................................9-143
9.22.5 Acceptability of an Installation to the Supply Authority.............9-144