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Name of instrument
1 Name of instrument
This instrument is the Civil Aviation Order 20.91 (Instructions and directions for performance-based navigation) Instrument 2014.
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Direct links to the current provisions in Civil Aviation Order 20.91 (Instructions and directions for performance-based navigation) Instrument 2014.
1 Name of instrument
This instrument is the Civil Aviation Order 20.91 (Instructions and directions for performance-based navigation) Instrument 2014.
2 Repeal
Civil Aviation Order 20.91 (Instructions and directions for performance-based navigation) 2012 is repealed.
3 Commencement and duration
3.1 This Order commences on the day of registration.
3.2 For paragraph 11.250 (a) of CASR, anything in this Order that is a direction under regulation 11.245 of CASR, ceases to be in force on 30 November 2024.
Note To support this Order, CASA is using both the power to issue instructions under regulation 179A of CAR, and the power to issue directions under regulation 11.245 of CASR. For paragraph 11.250 (a) of CASR, an expiry date must be included for a direction which is to endure for longer than 1 year.
4 Definitions
Note In this Civil Aviation Order terms and expressions have the same meaning as they have in the Civil Aviation Act 1988 and the regulations.
4.1 The acronyms and abbreviations used in this Order have the following meanings:
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:0pt; border-collapse:collapse"><thead><tr style="height:18.6pt"><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt 3.88pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; font-size:12pt"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:#000000">Acronym</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt 3.88pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; font-size:12pt"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:#000000">Explanation</span></p></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:3.88pt 2.85pt 4.25pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; font-size:12pt"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">14 CFR</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:3.88pt 2.85pt 4.25pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">Title</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000"> 14 Code of Federal Regulations</span></p><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; font-size:3pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif"></span></p><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-style:italic; color:#000000">Note</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-style:italic; color:#000000"> </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-style:italic; color:#000000"></span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-style:italic; color:#000000"></span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">14 CFR is used instead of FAR </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">and is consistent with </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">the current practice in </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">FAA documentation</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">. Example: a reference to 14 CFR</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">,</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000"> Part</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000"> </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">23 is a reference to Part 23 of the FAR.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ABAS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aircraft Based Augmentation System</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AFM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aircraft Flight Manual</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AFMS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aircraft Flight Manual Supplement</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AMM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aircraft Maintenance Manual</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Autopilot</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AP/FD</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Autopilot/Flight Director</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">APCH</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Approach</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">APV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Approach with Vertical Guidance</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AR</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">A</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">uthorisation </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">R</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">equired</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ARINC 424</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aeronautical Radio Incorporated Specification 424</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">A-RNP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Advanced Required Navigation Performance</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ASE</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Altimetry System Error</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">BARO</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Barometric</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Baro</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">-VNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Barometric Vertical Navigation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">B-RNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Basic RNAV</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">CBT</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Computer-based </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">T</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">raining</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">CDI</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Course Deviation Indicator</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">CPDLC</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">CS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">EASA Certification Specification</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">DA</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Decision Altitude</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:105.7pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">EADI</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:311.45pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Electronic Attitude Director Indicator</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">(E)TSO</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FAA</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif"> Technical Standard Order</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif"> and</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">/or</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif"> European Technical Standard Order</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ETSO</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">European Technical Standard Order</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FAF</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Final Approach Fix</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FAP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Final Approach Point</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FAS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Final Approach Segment</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FD</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Fault Detection or Flight Director</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FDE</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Fault Detection and Exclusion</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Path Terminator: Course from Fix to Manual Termination</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FMC</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Flight Management Computer</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FMS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Flight Management System</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FOSA</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Flight Operational Safety Assessment</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FRT</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Fixed Radius Transition</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">FTE</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Flight Technical Error</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">GBAS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Ground</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">-b</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ased Augmentation System</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">GNSS/FMS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">An FMS area navigation system that has GNSS capability but does not have IRU or IRS inputs</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">HPL</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Horizontal Protection Limit</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">HSI</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Horizontal Situation Indicator</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">IAF</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Initial Approach Fix</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">IF</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Path Terminator: Initial Fix</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">INS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Inertial Navigation System</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">IRS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Inertial Reference System</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">IRU</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Inertial Reference Unit</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">JAA</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Joint Aviation Authorities</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">LNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Lateral Navigation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">LNAV</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">/</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">VNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Lateral Navigation with Vertical Navigation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">LOA</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Letter of Acceptance or Letter of Authorisation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">LOC</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ILS Localizer</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">LP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Localiser Performance</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">LPV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Localiser Performance with Vertical Guidance</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">LRNS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Long</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">-r</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ange Navigation System</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">MAP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Map Display</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">MMR</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Multi-mode Receiver</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">MNPS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">NM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">nautical mile</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">NNDP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Non-</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">n</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ormal Decision Point</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">NPA</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Non-</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">p</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">recision Approach</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">NPS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Navigation Performance Scales</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">NSE</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Navigation System Error</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">OEI</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">One Engine Inoperative</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">OEM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Original Equipment Manufacturer</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">PBN</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Performance</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">-b</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ased Navigation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">PF</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Pilot flying</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">PNF/PM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Pilot not flying/pilot monitoring</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">P-RNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Precision Area Navigation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">QRH</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Quick Reference Handbook</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RADALT</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Radio Altimeter.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RAIM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RF Leg</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Path Terminator: Radius to Fix Path Terminator</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Area Navigation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RNP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Required Navigation Performance</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RNP APCH</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RNP Approach</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RNP AR APCH</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RNP AR Approach</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RNP AR DEP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RNP AR Departure</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">RTCA</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">SBAS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Space</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">-b</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ased Augmentation System</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">SIS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Signal-in-space</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">TSE</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Total System Error</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">VDEV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Vertical Deviation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">VI</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Path Terminator: Heading Vector to Intercept</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">VIP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Vertical Intercept Point</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">VNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Vertical Navigation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">VPA</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Vertical Path Angle</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">VSD</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Vertical Situation Display</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt 3.88pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">XTK</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt 3.88pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Cross</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">-t</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">rack Error</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">/</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Deviation</span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr style="height:0pt"><td style="width:111.4pt"></td><td style="width:0.55pt"></td><td style="width:316.6pt"></td><td style="width:2.35pt"></td></tr></tbody></table> ```4.2Terms defined for this Order:
| Term | Definition (meaning) |
|---|---|
| AIRAC cycle | The Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control cycle.Note In accordance with Annex 15, Aeronautical Information Services (AIS), of the Chicago Convention, the AIRAC cycle documents and defines a series of common dates, and an associated standard aeronautical information publication procedure, for each Convention State. |
| Airspace | An area, route or procedure (the designated environment) in respect of which all or any of the following requirements must be satisfied, before an aircraft to which this Order applies is able to use it:(a) navigation specifications (RNAV or RNP) applicable in the designated environment, for which the aircraft must hold an authorisation or approval;(b) aircraft navigation equipment requirements that the aircraft must satisfy;(c) aircraft navigation system functional and performance requirements that the aircraft must satisfy;(d) aircraft navigation equipment installation requirements that the aircraft must satisfy. |
| Alternate Means of Navigation | The use of information from an area navigation system in lieu of that from conventional navigation aids and navigation equipment that is installed, operational and compatible with conventional navigation aids. |
| ARINC 424 Path Terminator | Aeronautical Radio Incorporated Specification 424 format for coding airborne navigation databases. |
| Augmentation Systems | Augmentation systems are GNSS supplemental systems used to augment core satellite constellation signals to meet safety and reliability requirements. These systems may include ranging, integrity or differential elements in any combination. There are 3 categories of augmentation systems:Aircraft-based Augmentation Systems (ABAS);Ground-based Augmentation Systems (GBAS);Space-based Augmentation Systems (SBAS).Within each category there are multiple independent systems. |
| Cross-track Error/Deviation | The perpendicular distance between the planned flight path of an aircraft and the computed aircraft position as displayed by the aircraft’s navigation instruments.Note This term is also referred to as “lateral deviation”. |
| (E)TSO | European Technical Standard Order and/or FAA Technical Standard Order.Note Both will have the same reference number. |
| Flight Day | A 24 hour period (from midnight to midnight) either Universal Coordinated Time (UCT) or local time, as established by the operator, during which at least 1 flight is initiated for the affected aircraft. |
| Letter of Acceptance (LOA) | A letter of acceptance issued by a regulatory authority to a data supplier that has demonstrated compliance with the requirements of RTCA DO-200A/EUROCAE ED-76 Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data. A LOA may be a Type 1 LOA or a Type 2 LOA. |
| Type 1 LOA | Provides recognition of a data supplier’s compliance with RTCA DO-200A/EUROCAE ED-76 Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data with no identified compatibility with an aircraft system. |
| Type 2 LOA | Provides recognition of a data supplier’s compliance with RTCA DO-200A/EUROCAE ED-76 Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data and identifies the compatibility of its delivered data with a particular avionic system or avionic systems. |
| Long range navigation system | A navigation system comprising an INS, an IRS or a GNSS capable of use in oceanic or remote airspace. |
| Navigation specification | A set of aircraft and aircrew requirements needed to support PBN operations within a defined airspace.Note There are 2 kinds of navigation specification: RNAV and RNP (see Definitions). |
| Operator | The individual or entity responsible for flight operation of the aircraft. This might or might not be the registered operator for maintenance purposes. |
| Path Terminator | A specific type of flight path along a segment of a route or procedure along with a specific type of termination of that flight path, as assigned to all area navigation routes, SID, STAR and approach procedure segments in an aircraft navigation database, and defined in ICAO Doc. 8168, Volume II, Part III, Section 2, Chapter 5. |
| Performance-based Navigation | Area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a designated airspace. |
| Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor | A form of ABAS whereby a GNSS receiver processor determines the integrity of the GNSS navigation signals using only GPS signals or GPS signals augmented with altitude (baro-aiding). This determination is achieved by a consistency check among redundant pseudo-range measurements. For the receiver to perform the RAIM function, at least 1 additional satellite needs to be available with the correct geometry, over and above the requisite GNSS satellites needed for the position estimation. |
| Requisite GNSS satellites | Not less than the number of serviceable GNSS satellites specified in writing by the manufacturer of an RNP system to provide a particular level of RNP capability. |
| Restricted aerodrome | An aerodrome for which an operator restricts operations to aircraft with certain equipment, or flight crew with a certain combination of training, qualifications and experience, as set out in the operations manual. |
| RNAV Specification | A navigation specification based on area navigation that does not include the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting, designated by the prefix RNAV, e.g. RNAV 5, RNAV 1. |
| RNP Specification | A navigation specification based on area navigation that includes the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting, designated by the prefix RNP, e.g. RNP 4, RNP APCH. |
| State of the Operator | In relation to an aircraft, means the country in which the principal place of business of the aircraft operator is situated or, if the aircraft operator has no place of business, the country in which the principal place of residence of the aircraft operator is situated. |
| Substitute Means of Navigation | The use of information from an area navigation system in lieu of that from out-of-service conventional navigation aids and/or inoperative or not-installed navigation equipment compatible with conventional navigation aids. |
4.3 In this Order, unless the contrary intention appears, a reference to a TSO standard, an ETSO standard, an (E)TSO standard, an ICAO document, an FAA document, an EASA document, an AC or other CASA document is taken to include a later version of the standard or document as in force or existing from time to time.
Note Subsection 98 (5D) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 permits the Order to apply, adopt or incorporate matter contained in any instruments or other writing as in force or existing from time to time.
4.4 Without affecting paragraph 4.3, in this Order, a reference to an (E)TSO, a TSO or an ETSO with an empty bracket at the end of the reference includes the (E)TSO, TSO or ETSO in a version that contains a number within the bracket.
4.5 In this Order, a reference to the PBN Manual means ICAO Doc. 9613, Performance-based Navigation (PBN) Manual, 4th edition or later revised version.
5 Transitional — MNPS (Reserved)
Note MNPS will be retained until the North Atlantic Program Coordination Office publishes a navigation specification alternative procedure. It is anticipated that RNP 2, used in an Oceanic application, may provide this alternative. In the interim, CASA MNPS approvals will remain in force according to their terms.
6 Scope of Order
The instructions and directions in this Order apply to the operation of an Australian aircraft that uses PBN in I.F.R. flight, and to foreign registered aircraft, where expressed to do so, and contain:
(a) instructions to pilots in command for I.F.R. flights, specifying the method by which an aircraft engaged in PBN is to be navigated; and
(b) directions to pilots in command and operators in relation to the conduct of I.F.R. flight using a PBN navigation specification mentioned in subsection 7.
7 Application — navigation specifications
7.1 The instructions and directions in this Order apply to the operation of an Australian aircraft that uses 1 or more of the following navigation specifications in I.F.R. flight:
Note See Appendix 1.
Note See Appendix 2.
Note See Appendix 3.
Note See Appendix 4.
(e) RNP 0.3;
Note See Appendix 5.
(f) RNP APCH, including:
(i) LNAV; and
(ii) LNAV/VNAV (Baro-VNAV); and
(iii) LP; and
(iv) LPV;
Note See Appendix 6.
(g) RNP AR, including:
(i) RNP AR APCH; and
(ii) RNP AR DEP.
Note 1 See Appendix 7.
Note 2 RNP AR APCH and RNP AR DEP operations may include OEI procedures.
(h) Baro-VNAV;
Note 1 See Appendix 8.
Note 2 Navigation specification RNAV 10 and RNP 4 are each dealt with in Part 91 of CASR, as RNP 10 and RNP 4, respectively.
(i) Advanced RNP;
Note See Appendix 9.
(j) Radius to Fix Path Terminator;
Note See Appendix 10.
(k) Fixed Radius Transition;
Note See Appendix 11.
(l) Time of Arrival Control;
Note See Appendix 12 (reserved pending technical development by ICAO).
Note: (m) Use of suitable area navigation systems on conventional routes and procedures.
Note See Appendix 13.
7.2 Foreign registered aircraft operating into or out of, and within, the Brisbane or Melbourne Flight Information Regions (FIR) are directed to have authorisations equivalent to those for Australian registered aircraft under this Order issued by the National Aviation Authority of their State of Registration or State of the Operator, as applicable.
8 Instructions and directions for authorised use of PBN navigation specifications
8.1 An Australian aircraft using a navigation specification mentioned in subsection 7 (the particular navigation specification) may be navigated in I.F.R. flight in any airspace for which that PBN is required only in accordance with the requirements set out in this Order and in any Appendix to this Order that apply for the use of the specification.
8.2 The pilot in command of an I.F.R. flight must not use the particular navigation specification unless:
(a) he or she satisfies each requirement to be satisfied by the pilot under this Order for the use of the particular navigation specification; and
(b) for RNP 0.3 and RNP AR, the operator of the aircraft holds a navigation authorisation under this Order for the particular navigation specification; and
(c) the flight is conducted in accordance with the particular navigation specification; and
(d) the operating instructions for the area navigation system(s) installed in the aircraft are carried in the aircraft and are easily accessible to the pilot(s). The operating instructions may be:
(i) the operating instructions provided by the navigation system manufacturer; or
(ii) the AFM, provided the instructions are complete and not an abbreviated version; or
(iii) an applicable AFMS, provided the instructions are complete and not an abbreviated version; or
(iv) other operating instructions specified by the AFM or an applicable AFMS; or
(v) other operating instructions acceptable to CASA.
8.3 The operator of an aircraft engaged in an I.F.R. flight using a navigation specification mentioned in subparagraph 8.2 (b) is directed not to permit the flight to commence unless the operator:
(a) holds a navigation authorisation under the Appendix of this Order which applies for the use of the RNP 0.3 or RNP AR navigation specification (the relevant Appendix); and
(b) complies with each requirement for the flight set out in the relevant Appendix; and
(c) ensures that each member of the flight crew of the aircraft:
(i) satisfies each flight crew requirement for the flight set out in the relevant Appendix; and
(ii) conducts the flight in accordance with the navigation authorisation.
8.4 Operators of foreign registered aircraft holding an RNP AR navigation authorisation must not navigate in accordance with RNP AR procedures in Australia without prior CASA acceptance of that navigation authorisation.
9 Certain aircraft are deemed to be approved for navigation specifications in Appendices 1, 2, 3 and 4
9.1Subject to compliance with paragraphs 9.2 and 9.3, an Australian aircraft is deemed to be approved for navigation in accordance with any of the following navigation specifications:
(d) RNP 1.
9.2 The aircraft must be equipped with a GNSS stand-alone system with en route and terminal navigation capability having:
(a) (E)TSO-C129 ( ) authorisation for Class A1 or A2; or
(b) (E)TSO-C146 ( ) authorisation for Class Gamma and operational Class 1, 2 or 3; or
(c) an integrated avionics system using GNSS sensors with (E)TSO‑C129 ( ) Class B1, B2, C1 or C2 authorisation, or (E)TSO‑C145 ( ) Class Beta and operational Class 1, 2 or 3 authorisation as the only primary sensor input to the area navigation function, that is accepted as a stand-alone system for this subsection.
Note The integrated avionics systems referred to are those systems typically installed in US 14 CFR/EASA CS Part 23 or Part 27 aircraft that combine flight displays, communications, radio navigation (VOR and ILS) and area navigation into a single integrated system. (E)TSO C115 multi-sensor systems that utilise independent discrete sensor inputs are not addressed under this subsection.
9.3The aircraft is approved for navigation during a flight in accordance with a navigation specification mentioned in paragraph 9.1 if the AFM or AFMS for the aircraft, as published at the time of the flight, states that the aircraft:
(b) has the GPS capability mentioned in an item of the Table that corresponds to the navigation specification.
| GPS capability(Column 1) | Navigation specification(Column 2) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPS RNAV EN ROUTE | RNAV 5; RNAV 2 or RNP 2 |
| 2 | GPS RNAV TERMINAL | RNAV 1 or RNP 1 |
Note For example, for the purposes of subparagraph 9.3 (b), if the AFM or AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft is capable of GPS RNAV TERMINAL (a “GPS capability”), then the aircraft would be approved to navigate in accordance with RNAV 1 (the corresponding “navigation specification”).
9.5 If the AFM or AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft is approved for RF Legs and the aircraft:
(a) meets the requirements of paragraph 9.3; and
the aircraft is taken to be approved for RF Legs in conjunction with RNP 1 operations.
9.6 If the AFM or AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft is approved for Radius to FRT, and the aircraft:
(a) meets the requirements in paragraph 9.3 above; and
the aircraft is taken to be approved for FRT in conjunction with RNP 2 operations.
10 Certain aircraft are deemed to be approved for navigation specifications in Appendices 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6
10.1Subject to compliance with paragraphs 10.2 and 10.3, an Australian aircraft is deemed to be approved for navigation in accordance with any of the following navigation specifications:
(e) RNP APCH-LNAV;
(f) RNP APCH-LNAV/VNAV;
(g) RNP APCH-LP or RNP APCH-LPV.
10.2 The aircraft must be equipped with:
(a) a GNSS stand-alone system with en route, terminal and NPA capability having (E)TSO-C129a authorisation for Class A1; or
(b) a GNSS stand-alone system with en route, terminal and NPA capability having (E)TSO-C146 Class Gamma and operational Class 1, 2 or 3; or
(c) an integrated avionics system using a GNSS sensor with (E)TSO‑C129a Class B1 or C1 or (E)TSO-C145 Class Beta and operational Class 1, 2 or 3 authorisation as the only primary sensor input to the area navigation function that is accepted as a stand‑alone system for this subsection.
Note The integrated avionics systems referred to in subparagraph 10.2 (b) are those systems typically installed in US 14 CFR/EASA CS Part 23 or Part 27 aircraft that combine flight displays, communications, radio navigation (VOR and ILS) and area navigation into a single integrated system. (E)TSO C115 multi-sensor systems that utilise independent discrete sensor inputs are not addressed under this subsection.
10.3The aircraft is approved for navigation during a flight in accordance with a navigation specification mentioned in paragraph 10.1 if the AFM or AFMS for the aircraft, as published at the time of the flight, states that the aircraft:
(b) has the GPS capability mentioned in an item of the Table that corresponds to the navigation specification.
| GPS capability(Column 1) | Navigation specification(Column 2) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPS RNAV EN ROUTE | RNAV 5; RNAV 2 or RNP 2 |
| 2 | GPS RNAV TERMINAL | RNAV 1 or RNP 1 |
| 3 | GPS RNAV NON-PRECISION APPROACH | RNP APCH-LNAV |
| 4 | GPS RNAV LP | RNP APCH-LP |
| 5 | GPS RNAV LPV | RNP APCH-LPV |
Note For example, for the purposes of subparagraph 10.3 (b), if the AFM or AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft is capable of GPS RNAV NON-PRECISION APPROACH (a “GPS capability”), then the aircraft would be approved to navigate in accordance with RNP APCH-LNAV (the corresponding “navigation specification”).
10.4If the AFM or an AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft is approved for Baro‑VNAV and the aircraft meets the requirements in paragraph 10.3, then the aircraft is deemed to be approved for Baro‑VNAV in conjunction with RNP APCH‑LNAV/VNAV.
10.5In addition, if the aircraft is equipped with GNSS equipment authorised for:
(a) (E)TSO-C129a Class A1, B1or C1; or
(b) (E)TSO-C146 ( ) Class Gamma and operational Class 2 or 3; or
(c) (E)TSO-C145 Class Beta and operational Class 2 or 3;
the aircraft is deemed to be approved for RNP APCH – LNAV/VNAV operations.
10.6 If the AFM or an AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft is approved for RF Legs and the aircraft:
(a) meets the requirements of paragraph 10.3 above; and
the aircraft is deemed to be approved for RF Legs in conjunction with RNP 1 and RNP APCH – LNAV operations.
10.7 If the AFM or an AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft is approved for Radius to FRT and the aircraft:
(a) meets the requirements in paragraph 10.3 above; and
the aircraft is deemed to be approved for Radius to FRT in conjunction with RNP 2 operations.
11 Certain other aircraft deemed to be approved for navigation authorisations in Appendices 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6
11.1Subject to compliance with paragraphs 11.2 and 11.3, an Australian aircraft is deemed to be approved for navigation in accordance with any of the following navigation specifications:
(e) RNP APCH-LNAV;
(f) RNP APCH-LNAV/VNAV;
(g) RNP APCH-LP or RNP APCH-LPV.
11.2 The aircraft must be equipped with:
(a) a GNSS stand-alone system with en route, terminal, NPA and LPV capability having (E)TSO-C146 ( ) authorisation for Class Gamma and operational Class 3; or
(b) an integrated avionics system using GNSS sensors with (E)TSO‑C145 ( ) Class Beta and operational Class 3 authorisation as the only primary sensor input to the area navigation function is deemed to be a stand-alone system for this subsection.
Note The integrated avionics systems referred to are those systems typically installed in US 14 CFR/EASA CS Part 23 or Part 27 aircraft that combine flight displays, communications, radio navigation (VOR and ILS) and area navigation into a single integrated system. (E)TSO C115 multi-sensor systems that utilise independent discrete sensor inputs are not addressed under this subsection.
11.3The aircraft is approved for navigation during a flight in accordance with a navigation specification mentioned in paragraph 11.1 if the AFM or AFMS for the aircraft, as published at the time of the flight, states that the aircraft:
(b) has the GPS capability mentioned in an item in the Table that corresponds to the navigation specification.
| GPS capability(Column 1) | Navigation specification(Column 2) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPS RNAV EN ROUTE | RNAV 5; RNAV 2 or RNP 2 |
| 2 | GPS RNAV TERMINAL | RNAV 1 or RNP 1 |
| 3 | GPS RNAV NON-PRECISION APPROACH | RNP APCH-LNAV |
| 4 | GPS RNAV LP | RNP APCH-LP |
| 5 | GPS RNAV LPV | RNP APCH-LPV |
Note For example, for the purposes of subparagraph 11.3 (b), if the AFM or AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft is capable of GPS RNAV NON-PRECISION APPROACH (a “GPS capability”), then the aircraft would be approved to navigate in accordance with RNP APCH-LNAV (the corresponding “navigation specification”).
11.4If the AFM or an AFMS for an aircraft states that the aircraft meets the requirements in subsection 11.3, then it is deemed to be approved for Baro‑VNAV in conjunction with RNP APCH‑LNAV/VNAV operations.
11.5If an aircraft:
(a) meets the requirements of paragraph 11.3 above; and
(b) is equipped with a map display depicting the computed flight path of the aircraft; and
(c) the AFM or AFMS states that the aircraft is approved for RF Legs;
it is deemed to be approved for RF Legs in conjunction with RNP 1, RNP APCH – LNAV, RNP APCH – LP, and RNP APCH – LPV operations.
11.6If an aircraft:
(a) meets the requirements in paragraph 11.3 above; and
(b) is equipped with a map display depicting the computed flight path of the aircraft; and
(c) the AFM or AFMS states that the aircraft is approved for Radius to FRT;
it is deemed to be approved for FRT in conjunction with RNP 2 operations.
12 Pilot qualifications
12.1To operate to a performance-based navigation specification, the pilot must hold:
(a) a current instrument endorsement valid for the navigation specification:
(i) in accordance with CASR Subpart 61.M.2; or
(ii) in accordance with Civil Aviation Order (CAO) 40.2.1; or
(b) the pilot must hold a current private instrument rating and flight procedure approvals or endorsements valid for the navigation specification:
(i) in accordance with CASR Subpart 61.N.2; or
(ii) in accordance with CAO 40.2.3.
12.2The pilot must also comply with any requirements in the Order or an Appendix stating additional qualifications or conditions for use of the navigation specification.
13 Navigation database — standards and discrepancies
13.1 This subsection applies in relation to all area navigation systems in an aircraft used for PBN operations and sets out CASA’s directions for the purposes of regulation 232A of CAR.
13.2 If particulars of way points and navigation aids that are published in maps and charts required to be carried in the aircraft under paragraph 233 (1) (h) of CAR are included in a navigation computer’s database, then those particulars must be in a form that cannot be modified by the aircraft operator or flight crew members.
13.3 A navigation database for PBN operations must be valid. To be valid, a navigation database must be:
(a) obtained from a supplier who complies with:
(i) Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) DO 200A; or
(ii) European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment (EUROCAE) document ED-76, Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data; and
(b) compatible with the intended function of the equipment in accordance with ICAO Annex 6, Part 1, Chapter 7.
Note 1 Annex 6, Part 1, Chapter 7 states that an operator shall not employ electronic navigation data products that have been processed for application in the air and on the ground unless the State regulatory authority has approved the operator’s procedures for ensuring that the process applied and the products delivered have met acceptable standards of integrity and that the products are compatible with the intended function of the equipment that will use them. The State regulatory authority shall ensure that the operator continues to monitor both process and products.
Note 2 An LOA, issued by an appropriate regulatory authority to each of the participants in the data chain, demonstrates compliance with this requirement, for example, FAA LOA issued in accordance with FAA AC 20-153 or EASA LOA issued in accordance with EASA Agency Opinion 01/2005 and the associated “Conditions for the issuance of Letters of Acceptance for Navigation Database Suppliers by the Agency”.
Note 3 A Type 1 LOA provides recognition of a data supplier’s compliance with RTCA/DO-200A/EUROCAE ED-76 with no identified compatibility with an aircraft system. A Type 1 LOA ensures the processes for producing the aeronautical data comply with the documents identified in Note 1 and the documented data quality requirements (DQRs).
Note 4 A Type 2 LOA provides recognition of a data supplier’s compliance with RTCA/DO-200A/EUROCAE ED-76 and the compatibility of its delivered data with particular avionic systems that are identified in the LOA letter.
Note 5 A CASR Part 175 approval equates to an EASA or FAA Type 1 LOA.
(c) current for the present AIRAC cycle.
13.4 Operators carrying out RNP APCH, Baro-VNAV, Advanced RNP, RNP 0.3 or RNP AR approach operations must obtain their navigation databases from suppliers holding a Type 2 LOA.
13.5 An operator who has a navigation authorisation from CASA must periodically check the navigation database for database integrity.
Note While an LOA provides assurance of minimum standards for the supply of a navigation database, errors may still occur. All operators must conduct periodic checks to ensure database integrity against a current navigation data source.
13.6 Any discrepancy in data in the operator’s navigation database must be:
(a) reported as soon as practicable to the navigation database supplier; and
(b) resolved, before further operational use, by:
(i) reissue of the database; or
(ii) prohibition of the route; or
(iii) instructions to the flight crew.
13.7 Without affecting the operator’s obligation under paragraph 13.6, any discrepancy in the operator’s navigation database that is likely to lead to a hazardous condition arising through either loss of separation between the aircraft and terrain, or obstacles or loss of separation between aircraft, must be reported in accordance with the Transport Safety Investigation Regulations 2003.
13.8 If an event occurs in relation to a navigation database that is referred to in subregulation 2.3 (3) or regulation 2.4 of the Transport Safety Investigation Regulations 2003, it must be reported in accordance with that subregulation.
13.9 If the current AIRAC cycle of a navigation database changes to the next AIRAC cycle while an aircraft is in flight, the aircraft should continue to use the original AIRAC cycle navigation database for the remainder of the flight.
13.10 Subject to the limitations in paragraphs 13.7 and 13.8, a navigation database that is not current, or will not be current for the duration of a flight, may be used for navigation provided any data used for navigation is verified before use from a current navigation data source. A navigation database that is not current must not be used for radio updating of a navigation system.
Note 1 A current navigation data source can be either current maps, charts or other sources of navigation information provided by supplier meeting the requirements of subparagraph 13.3 (a). An Electronic Flight Bag that is current is an acceptable reference source for navigation database verification.
Note 2 Inertial systems (INS or IRS) may be used without radio updating provided that the conditions and limitations for inertial only operations are complied with.
13.11 An aircraft that is not operated with an MEL may operate for a period of not more than 72 hours from the time that the database expires.
13.12 An aircraft that is operated with an MEL may operate for up to 3 Flight Days from the time that the database expires.
13.13 Manually entered data in a navigation system must be checked for accuracy by 2 flight crew members.
13.14 In the case of a single-pilot operation, manually entered data in a navigation system must be checked against other aeronautical information, such as current maps and charts carried in the aircraft (see Note 1 to paragraph 13.10).
14 Operating standards – flight planning – GNSS integrity availability
14.1 When an RNP APCH is planned at the intended destination or designated alternate as part of flight planning, a prediction for GNSS integrity availability must be obtained from a ground-based source.
14.2 If a continuous loss of the GNSS integrity function for more than 5 minutes is predicted for any part of the RNP APCH operation, the flight plan must be revised, for example, by delaying the departure time or planning a different route.
14.3 When an aircraft is operating in oceanic airspace and navigation is based on GNSS, as part of flight planning a prediction for GNSS Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) availability for the intended route must be obtained.
14.4 For oceanic/remote operations, the maximum FDE outage duration cannot exceed 25 minutes for RNP-4 operation, 34 minutes for RNP-10 operation and 51 minutes for minimum navigation performance standards (MNPS) operation.
14.5 For continental en route operations a prediction for GNSS integrity availability is not required. If a continuous loss of the GNSS integrity function for more than 5 minutes occurs during PBN operations, Air Traffic Control must be advised.
14.6 For a PBN operation navigating with SBAS receivers, a check must be made for GNSS integrity availability in areas where SBAS is unavailable.
14.7 Paragraphs 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 and 14.4 do not apply to an aircraft whose RNP system can achieve LNAV accuracy less than 0.3 NM using requisite GNSS satellites.
Note Requisite GNSS satellites is defined in subsection 4 of this Order.
15 Navigation errors
15.1 The operator must take immediate action to remedy any condition that led to, or is likely to lead to, navigation error in the course of an RNAV or RNP operation.
15.2 Without affecting the obligation in paragraphs 13.7, 13.8 and 15.1, each of the following navigation errors or events must be reported in accordance with paragraph 2.4 (i) of the Transport Safety Investigation Regulations 2003:
(a) a lateral or longitudinal navigational error that exceeds the required accuracy value i.e. the RNAV or RNP value, for other than a transient duration during a turn; or
(b) an aircraft system failure that results in the aircraft losing the currently active navigation capability i.e. there is a loss of the navigation function.
Note Loss of the RNAV or RNP capability in use in the aircraft must be reported but the failure of 1 navigation system in a dual installation need not be reported since the capability to meet the navigation specification requirements has not been lost.
15.3 If an event occurs in relation to a navigation system that is referred to in subregulation 2.3 (3) of the Transport Safety Investigation Regulations 2003, it must be reported in accordance with that subregulation.
15.4 Each report mentioned in paragraph 15.2 or 15.3 must:
(a) contain a preliminary analysis of the cause of the error; and
(b) include a statement of the remedial action taken, and to be taken, to prevent a recurrence of the error.
15.5 Unless paragraph 15.6 applies, the operator must take the remedial action mentioned in paragraph 15.4 as soon as practicable.
15.6 Without affecting paragraphs 15.1 to 15.4, for this subsection CASA may:
(a) determine the cause of the error; and
(b) notify the operator of the cause of the error and of the remedial action to be taken to prevent a recurrence of the error.
15.7 If paragraph 15.6 applies, the operator must take the remedial action notified by CASA to prevent a recurrence of the error.
16 Oceanic/remote continental region operations
16.1 Aircraft operating in oceanic/remote continental airspace, where the routes or airspace being used are designated as RNP 10, RNP 4, RNP 2 or other navigation specification, must comply with all requirements for those respective navigation specifications and authorisations.
16.2 Aircraft operating in oceanic/remote continental airspace must be equipped in accordance with either paragraph 16.3 or 16.4 if:
(a) the routes or airspace being used are not designated as RNP 10, RNP 4, RNP 2 or other navigation specification; and
(b) GNSS is the primary means of navigation.
16.3 An aircraft is eligible for oceanic/remote continental airspace operations where the routes or airspace being used are not designated as RNP 10, RNP 4, RNP 2 or other navigation specification if the aircraft is equipped with dual independent stand-alone GNSS that are certified by the State of Manufacture for en route operations, installed in accordance with AC 21-36( ) or FAA AC 20-138D, and compliant with:
(a) (E)TSO-C129 Class A1 or A2 and the equipment is certified as complying with the requirements of FAA Notice 8110.60; or
(b) (E)TSO-C129 Class A1 or A2 and the equipment is certified as complying with the requirements of FAA Advisory Circular 20‑138D, Appendix 1; or
(c) (E)TSO-C146 Class Gamma and operational Class 1, 2 or 3; or
(d) standards that CASA considers are equivalent to the standards mentioned in subparagraph (a), (b) or (c).
16.4 An aircraft is eligible for oceanic/remote continental airspace operations where the routes or airspace being used are not designated as RNP 10, RNP 4, RNP 2 or other navigation specification if the aircraft is equipped with dual independent multi-sensor systems (for example, FMS) with GNSS equipment that is certified by the State of Manufacture for en route operations, installed in accordance with FAA AC 20‑138D, and meets:
(a) the requirements of (E)TSO-C115b FMS and 1 of the following:
(i) (E)TSO-C129 ( ) sensor Class B or C and the equipment is certified as complying with the requirements of FAA Notice 8110.60;
(ii) (E)TSO-C129 ( ) sensor Class B or C and the equipment is certified as complying with the requirements of FAA Advisory Circular 20-138D Appendix 1;
(iii) (E)TSO-C145 ( ) Class Beta and operational class 1, 2 or 3;
(iv) (E)TSO-C196 ( ); or
(b) standards that CASA considers are equivalent to the standards mentioned in subparagraph (a).
16.5 If the GNSS receiver has the capability for barometric aiding, this capability must be connected and operative.
Sourced from the Federal Register of Legislation (legislation.gov.au), CC BY 4.0.
Civil Aviation Order 20.91 (Instructions and directions for performance‑based navigation) Instrument 2014
as amended
made under regulation 179A of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988, regulation 11.245 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 and subsection 33 (3) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
This compilation was prepared on 30 November 2018 taking into account amendments up to Civil Aviation Order 20.91 Amendment Instrument 2018 (No. 1). It is a compilation of Civil Aviation Order 20.91 (Instructions and directions for performance-based navigation) Instrument 2014 as amended and in force on 2 November 2018.
Prepared by the Advisory & Drafting Branch, Legal & Regulatory Affairs Division, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Canberra.
Compilation No. 2.
1 Name of instrument
This instrument is the Civil Aviation Order 20.91 (Instructions and directions for performance-based navigation) Instrument 2014.
2 Repeal
Civil Aviation Order 20.91 (Instructions and directions for performance-based navigation) 2012 is repealed.
3 Commencement and duration
3.1 This Order commences on the day of registration.
3.2 For paragraph 11.250 (a) of CASR, anything in this Order that is a direction under regulation 11.245 of CASR, ceases to be in force on 30 November 2024.
Note To support this Order, CASA is using both the power to issue instructions under regulation 179A of CAR, and the power to issue directions under regulation 11.245 of CASR. For paragraph 11.250 (a) of CASR, an expiry date must be included for a direction which is to endure for longer than 1 year.
4 Definitions
Note In this Civil Aviation Order terms and expressions have the same meaning as they have in the Civil Aviation Act 1988 and the regulations.
4.1 The acronyms and abbreviations used in this Order have the following meanings:
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:0pt; border-collapse:collapse"><thead><tr style="height:18.6pt"><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt 3.88pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; font-size:12pt"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:#000000">Acronym</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt 3.88pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; font-size:12pt"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:#000000">Explanation</span></p></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:3.88pt 2.85pt 4.25pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; font-size:12pt"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">14 CFR</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; padding:3.88pt 2.85pt 4.25pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">Title</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000"> 14 Code of Federal Regulations</span></p><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal; font-size:3pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif"></span></p><p class="Tabletext" style="margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-style:italic; color:#000000">Note</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-style:italic; color:#000000"> </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-style:italic; color:#000000"></span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-style:italic; color:#000000"></span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">14 CFR is used instead of FAR </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">and is consistent with </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">the current practice in </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">FAA documentation</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">. Example: a reference to 14 CFR</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">,</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000"> Part</span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000"> </span><span class="Authorexampletext" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; color:#000000">23 is a reference to Part 23 of the FAR.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ABAS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aircraft Based Augmentation System</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AFM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aircraft Flight Manual</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AFMS</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aircraft Flight Manual Supplement</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AMM</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Aircraft Maintenance Manual</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AP</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Autopilot</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; 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margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">APV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Approach with Vertical Guidance</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">AR</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">A</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">uthorisation </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">R</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">equired</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; 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padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">ASE</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Altimetry System Error</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">BARO</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Barometric</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Baro</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">-VNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Barometric Vertical Navigation</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">B-RNAV</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Basic RNAV</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">CBT</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Computer-based </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">T</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">raining</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">CDI</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Course Deviation Indicator</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:106.25pt; 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padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">DA</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:313.25pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif">Decision Altitude</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:105.7pt; padding:4.25pt 2.85pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="LDTabletext" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:
Who this affects and who decides
Why it matters (purpose claims and testing them)
Claimed purpose (explicit in the Order): to set safety‑based minimums for use of PBN so aircraft navigate safely and predictably in airspace that relies on performance specifications (sections 6–8 and appendices that implement ICAO Doc. 9613). CASA’s stated intention is to align procedures with ICAO standards and to provide authorisation pathways and operational controls.
Testing the claim against costs and incentives:
Implementation, risk and discretion
Effects on private choice and markets
Key compliance triggers (selective pointers)
Practical takeaway
Operators that plan PBN operations must: ensure aircraft equipage and AFM/AFMS documentation match the claimed capability (sections 9–11); maintain certified navigation databases and LOAs (section 13); have CASA authorisations where required (Appendices 5, 7, 9–11); and maintain training, validation and reporting systems to manage database and navigation errors (sections 12, 13, 15). CASA remains the decision maker with scope to impose staged rollouts and conditions (Appendix 7, clauses 13–14).
This is an opening excerpt, not the complete document.