Alfred v Lanscar

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT BUCHANAN J: 1 This judgment concerns the penalties to be imposed upon a union official and a federal union for admitted breaches of the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth). 2 The parties are agreed on declarations to be made and upon the penalties to be imposed. Nevertheless, it is necessary for the Court to be satisfied that the penalties proposed are, having regard to the facts as established or agreed, within the range of penalties that arise for consideration in the exercise of the Court's discretion. That said, it has been held that it is not necessary or useful for the Court to be diverted by the question whether precisely the same penalty would have been applied in the absence of agreement (see Ponzio v B & P Caelli Constructions Pty Ltd [2007] FCAFC 65 at [57] and [126] applying Minister for Industry, Tourism & Resources v Mobil Oil Australia Pty Ltd [2004] FCAFC 72 and N W Frozen Foods Proprietary Ltd v Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (1996) 71 FCR 285. 3 The proceedings were commenced by Application and Statement of Claim. They were originally defended. They concerned allegations that Mr Lanscar (and through him the second respondent ('the CFMEU')) advised, encouraged or incited Papas Painting Contractors Pty Limited ('Papas Painting') to take discriminatory action against individual contractors which it had engaged and to refuse to use their services because they were not union members. It was further alleged that Mr Lanscar (and through him the CFMEU) by his actions intended to coerce Papas Painting to take discriminatory action against the contractors. 4 The pleadings alleged contraventions of s 298S(2)(a) and (b) of the Workplace Relations Act 1996 as in force on 9 February 2005. 5 The offences were pleaded in the following way: 'THE FIRST BREACH 12. On 9 February 2005, Mr Lanscar, and through him, the Union, advised, encouraged or incited Papas Painting, via Mr Papas, to take discriminatory action against the ABN painters, in that Mr Lanscar, and through him, the Union, advised, encouraged or incited Papas Painting, via Mr Papas, to refuse to make use of painting services offered by the ABN painters. Particulars (a) On 9 February 2005, there was a conversation at a meeting in an area within a basement of the project site between, inter alia, Mr Papas and Mr Lanscar. (b) During the course of that conversation, Mr Lanscar, on his own behalf and on behalf of the Union, informed Paps Painting via Mr Paps that: (i) the ABN painters could not start work until wages and conditions were "sorted out"; (ii) the ABN painters had to become members of the Union; (iii) unless the ABN painters became members of the Union, they could not work on the project site; (iv) Mr Lanscar would direct Hindmarsh to use other painters to perform work on the project site; and (v) Mr Lanscar would prevent Papas Painting from completing work on the project site. (c) On 9 February 2005, there was a further conversation at a meeting in a store room occupied by Paps Painting in the same basement at the project site, involving, inter alia, Mr Papas, Mr Lanscar and the ABN painters. (d) During the course of that meeting, the ABN painters were told by Mr Papas in Mr Lanscar's presence that unless they joined the Union, they could not work on the project site. 13. The conduct referred to in the preceding paragraph hereof:- 13.1 was carried out because the ABN painters were not members of the Union; and 13.2 was a contravention of s.298S(2)(a) of the Act by:- 13.2.1 Mr Lanscar; and 13.2.2 the Union. THE SECOND BREACH 14. Further, on 9 February 2005, Mr Lanscar, and through him the Union, threatened to take industrial action against Papas Painting with intent to coerce Papas Painting to take discriminatory action against the ABN painters, in that Mr Lanscar, and through him the Union, threatened to take industrial action against Papas Painting with intent to coerce Papas Painting refuse to make use of the services offered by the ABN painters. Particulars The Applicant relies on the particulars set out at paragraph 12 above. 15. The conduct referred to in the preceding paragraph hereof was: 15.1 carried out with intent to coerce Papas Painting to take discriminatory action against the ABN painters because they were not members of the Second Respondent; and 15.2 was a contravention of s.298S(2)(b) of the Act by: - 15.2.1 Mr Lanscar; and 15.2.2 The Union.' 6 Although the particular breaches charged occurred on 9 February 2005 it was pleaded in the Statement of Claim that there had been a previous meeting on 19 January 2005. The Statement of Claim asserts: '11. On 19 January 2005, there was a conversation at a meeting which was held between Messrs Papas, Lanscar and Johnstone. Particulars Mr Lanscar, on behalf of the Union, informed Mr Papas that: (a) the ABN painters had to become members of the Union; and (b) if the ABN painters did not become members of the Union, Mr Lanscar would close Papas Painting and would stop all its work.' 7 On the first day of the hearing the applicant read its affidavit evidence after rulings were made on objections and opened its evidentiary case. Mr Lanscar's diary was produced in response to a notice to that effect by the applicant. Leave was sought and granted that it be uplifted for inspection. When the proceedings resumed the following morning the applicant called expert evidence from Dr Steven James Strach, a forensic document examiner. Dr Strach had, during the period of the adjournment, examined Mr Lanscar's diary and discovered that an entry in the diary on 19 January 2005 had been altered. He provided a written report in which he stated that the alterations were detected by him with the use of infrared and red/infrared luminescence detection techniques. The diary in its altered form read: 'Meeting with Papas over… wages and conditions.' The diary in its original form read 'Meeting with Papas over… union membership' the words 'union membership' had been heavily scored out on both sides of the relevant page and the other words written in underneath. Dr Strach was not cross-examined. 8 Following Dr Strach's evidence the respondents elected to withdraw the defence which had earlier been filed and not to lead evidence in the proceedings or to cross-examine the applicant's witnesses. In these circumstances the allegations in the Statement of Claim stand unchallenged, as does the evidence which was read in the applicant's case. 9 The orders which the parties asked me, by consent, to make in the matter are as follows: '1. BY CONSENT, THE COURT DECLARES THAT: a) By making a representation on 9 February 2005 to Paul Papas, a director of Papas Painting Contractors Pty Limited, to the effect that in order to work on the Avenue Apartments site (a site at the corner of Barry Drive and Northbourne Avenue, Turner in the Australian Capital Territory), painters were obliged to join the second respondent, and advising, encouraging or inciting Papas Painting Contractors Pty Limited via Mr Papas to refuse to make use of painting services offered by persons who were not members of the second respondent (whether they were or should have been employees or independent contractors), the first respondent contravened s.298S(2)(a) of the pre-reform Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth). b) By making a representation on 9 February 2005 to Paul Papas, a director of Papas Painting Contractors Pty Limited, to the effect that in order to work on the Avenue Apartments site, (a site at the corner of Barry Drive and Northbourne Avenue, Turner In the Australian Capital Territory), painters were obliged to join the second respondent, and thereby intending to coerce Papas Painting Contractors Pty Limited via Mr Papas to refuse to make use of painting services offered by any of its employees who were not members of the second respondent, the first respondent contravened s.298S(2)(b) of the pre-reform Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth). c) By the actions of the first respondent referred to in paragraph 1(a) and 1(b) above, the second respondent contravened s.298S(2)(a) and s.298S(2)(b) of the pre-reform Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth). 2. BY CONSENT, THE COURT ORDERS THAT:- a) a penalty of $2000 be imposed upon the first respondent in respect of the contraventions referred to in Declarations 1(a) and 1(b) above; b) a penalty of $10,000 be imposed upon the second respondent in respect of the contraventions referred to in Declarations 1(c) and 1(d) above; c) the penalties referred to in paragraphs 2(a) and 2(b) above be paid into the Consolidated Revenue Fund within 28 days of the date of these orders.' (proposed orders) 10 On 28 May 2007 I made other orders by consent that Mr Lanscar's diary be held by the solicitor for the respondents for a period of one month in order to allow the applicant a period in which to consider whether it wished to take any further action about the matters referred to by Dr Strach in his evidence. It is not necessary for the Court to deal further with this aspect of the matter. 11 I am satisfied on the basis of the unchallenged assertions in the Statement of Claim and having regard to the evidence in the applicant's case that the declarations in proposed Order 1 are appropriate. It is not necessary, in the light of the parties' agreement that breaches have occurred in the terms suggested, to undertake any separate analysis of the legal elements of those offences. 12 The conduct admitted by Mr Lanscar and by the CFMEU is serious. It must be regarded as a deliberate breach of a clear legislative prohibition. It is appropriate that the penalty reflect this fact. 13 The applicant informed me, in unchallenged written submissions on the question of penalty, that the CFMEU has a prior record of breach of provisions in Part XA of the Act. They are as follows: