3Proceedings against, and contribution between, wrongdoers

### 3 Proceedings against, and contribution between, wrongdoers > > (1)  [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpa@EN) Where damage is suffered by a person as the result of a wrongful act – > > > > > > (a) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, Sched. 1, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#JS1@JT@tr@oc1@EN) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpb@EN) judgment recovered against a person who is liable in respect of that damage is not a bar to an action against any other person who would, if sued by the person by whom the damage was suffered at the time when the cause of action arose, have been liable in respect of the same damage; > > > > > > > (b) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpd@EN) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpc@EN) if more actions than one are brought in respect of that damage by or on behalf of the person by whom it was suffered, or for the benefit of the estate, or of a dependant, of that person, against persons who are liable in respect of the damage the sums recoverable under the judgments given in those actions by way of damages shall not, in the aggregate, exceed the amount of the damages awarded by the judgment first given; and in any of those actions, other than that in which judgment is first given, the plaintiff is not entitled to costs unless the court is of the opinion that there was reasonable ground for bringing the action; > > > > > > > (c) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, Sched. 1, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#JS1@JT@tr@oc3@EN) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, Sched. 1, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#JS1@JT@tr@oc2@EN) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpe@EN) a person who is liable in respect of that damage may recover contribution from any other person who is, or would, if sued by the person by whom the damage was suffered at the time when the cause of action arose, have been, liable in respect of the same damage but so that no person is entitled to recover contribution under this section from a person who is entitled to be indemnified by him in respect of the liability in respect of which the contribution is payable; > > > > > > > (d) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, Sched. 1, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#JS1@JT@tr@oc4@EN) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpf@EN) a person may recover contribution or indemnity from another person who is, or would, if sued by the person by whom the damage was suffered at the time when the cause of action arose, have been, liable in respect of the same damage by settling with the person by whom the damage was suffered and thereafter commencing or continuing an action against the other person, in which case the first-mentioned person shall satisfy the court that the amount of the settlement was reasonable, and if the court finds that the amount of the settlement was excessive it may fix the amount at which the claim should have been settled. > > > > > > > (e) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (1) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpg@EN) .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   > > > (2)  In proceedings for contribution under this section, the amount of the contribution that is recoverable from a person shall be such amount as may be found by the court to be just and equitable, having regard to the extent of that person's responsibility for the damage, and, for the purposes of this section, the court has power to exempt a person from liability to make contribution, or to direct that the contribution to be recovered from a person shall amount to a complete indemnity. > > > (3)  [*\[Section 3 Subsection (3) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hph@EN) A release of, or accord with, one person granted or made by a person by whom damage is suffered– > > > > > > (a) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (3) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpi@EN) does not discharge another person unless the release so provides; and > > > > > > > (b) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (3) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpj@EN) relieves the person to whom it is granted or with whom it is made from liability to make contribution to another person– > > > > > > and has effect to reduce the claim of the person by whom damage is suffered– > > > > > > > (c) in the amount of the consideration paid for the release or accord; > > > > > > > (d) in any amount or proportion by which the release or accord provides that the total claim of that person shall be reduced; or > > > > > > > (e) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (3) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpl@EN) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (3) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpk@EN) to the extent that the person to or with whom the release or accord is granted or made would have been liable to make contribution to another person if the total claim of the person by whom damage is suffered had been paid by the other person– > > > > whichever is the greatest. > > > (4)  [*\[Section 3 Subsection (4) amended by No. 39 of 2000, Sched. 1, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#JS1@JT@tr@oc5@EN) For the purposes of this section, the taking out of court of money that has been paid in by a person shall be deemed to be an accord and satisfaction with him, and the amount of money so taken out shall be deemed to be the amount of the consideration paid for the accord. > > > (5)  Notwithstanding any provisions of any enactment requiring notice of damage or injury to be given, or notice of an intended action to be given, or limiting the time within which an action may be brought, proceedings for contribution under this section may, although notice of damage or injury, or notice of an intended action, as the case may be, has not been given, or the time so limited has expired, be commenced at any time within the period of twelve months (or within such extended period as may be allowed pursuant to [subsection (6)](#GS3@Gs6@EN) of this section) after the writ in the original action was served on the person seeking to recover contribution. > > > (6)  [*\[Section 3 Subsection (6) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpm@EN) A judge, magistrate or any other person constituting or presiding over a court of competent jurisdiction, on the application of a person seeking to recover contribution under this section, may, in his discretion and subject to such conditions (if any) as he may impose, extend the period within which proceedings for recovery of contribution shall be commenced, notwithstanding that the period prescribed in [subsection (5)](#GS3@Gs5@EN) of this section may have expired, if he is satisfied that the person from whom contribution is sought to be recovered will not be prejudiced in his defence by reason of the extension. > > > (7)  [*\[Section 3 Subsection (7) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpo@EN) [*\[Section 3 Subsection (7) amended by No. 39 of 2000, s. 7, Applied:29 Jun 2000\]*](/view/html/inforce/2000-06-29/act-2000-039#GS7@Hpn@EN) Execution for the recovery of contribution under this section shall not be issued without the leave of a judge, magistrate or any other person constituting or presiding over a court of competent jurisdiction, and upon application for leave under this subsection the judge, magistrate or other person may direct that payment to the original plaintiff shall be sufficient satisfaction of the judgment for contribution. > > > (8)  Nothing in this section – > > > > > > (a) affects any criminal proceedings against a person in respect of a wrongful act; or > > > > > > > (b) renders enforceable an agreement for indemnity that would not have been enforceable if this section had not been enacted. > > > (9)  A reference in this section to the judgment first given shall, in a case where that judgment is reversed on appeal, be construed as a reference to the judgment first given that is not so reversed, and, in a case where a judgment is varied on appeal, shall be construed as a reference to that judgment as so varied.