I, ANDREW BROAD, Assistant Minister to the Deputy Prime Minister, determine this vehicle standard under section 7 of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989.
Name of Standard
1. This Standard is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 96/00 –Commercial Vehicle Tyres) 2018.
2. This Standard may also be cited as Australian Design Rule 96/00 – Commercial Vehicle Tyres.
Commencement
1. This Standard commences on the day after it is registered.
FUNCTION
The function of this vehicle standard is to specify requirements for new pneumatic tyres designed primarily for commercial vehicles.
APPLICABILITY
The circumstances under which vehicles must comply with this standard are set out in the Australian Design Rule 95/… – Installation of Tyres.
This standard does not apply to passenger car tyres (otherwise known as Class C1 tyres; and designed primarily for vehicles of UN categories M1, N1, O1 and O2).
This standard does not apply to re-treaded tyres fitted to trailers.
This standard does not apply to any temporary-use spare unit(s) supplied with a vehicle.
DEFINITIONS
For vehicle categories, definitions and meanings used in this standard, refer to:
1. Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005; and
2. Definitions in Appendix A of this standard or the alternative standards at clause 7.
requirements
For vehicles fitted with new light truck or new truck/bus (commercial vehicle) tyres, the tyres fitted must comply with the requirements of:
(a) Appendix A, except as varied by Section 6 Exemptions and Alternative Procedures; or
(b) at least one of the alternative standards at clause 7.
6. exemptions AND ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES
6.1. Subject to clause 6.2 below, compliance with the following parts, sections and annexes of Appendix A is not required for the purposes of this standard:
Section 3 Markings
Section 4 Application for approval
Section 5 Approval
Section 7 Modification and extension of approval of a tyre type
Section 8 Conformity of production
Section 9 Penalties for non-conformity of production
Section 10 Production definitively discontinued
Section 11 Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities
Annexes
Annex 1 Communication
Annex 2 Arrangement of approval mark
Annex 9 Communication – Upgrade of service description for the purposes of re-treading in accordance with UN Regulation No. 109
6.2. In the case of a tyre type for which the manufacturer has elected, as permitted by clause 6.1 above, not to meet the full requirements of Appendix A – Section 3 – Markings, each tyre must at least bear:
(a) the markings referred to in paragraphs 3.1.1 to 3.1.8 of Appendix A, on both side walls in the case of symmetrical tyres or at least on the outer side wall in the case of asymmetrical tyres;
(b) the date of manufacture in the form of a group of four digits, the first two showing the week and the last two the year of manufacture, on at least one side wall;
(c) the inflation pressure used, in either psi or kPa, for the dimension measurement and the load/speed endurance test, on at least one side wall; and
(d) where applicable, the markings referred to in paragraphs 3.1.13 to 3.1.16 of Appendix A, on both side walls in the case of symmetrical tyres or at least on the outer side wall in the case of asymmetrical tyres.
6.2.1. Each required marking must be moulded onto or into the tyre. They must be clearly legible and must, except for the marking referred to in paragraph 3.1.1 of Appendix A, be situated in the lower half of at least one of its side walls.
7. alternative standardS
7.1. The technical requirements of the United Nations Regulation No. 54 – UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF PNEUMATIC TYRES FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES AND THEIR TRAILERS, incorporating the 00 series of amendments.
7.2. The technical requirements of the United States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 119 (49 CFR 571.119) – 10-1-17 Edition, for new pneumatic tires for motor vehicles with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kilograms.
7.3. The technical requirements of the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) D4230:1998 (Automobile tyres), for light truck and truck/bus tyres.
7.4. The technical requirements of the Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) 2230:1999 (New pneumatic tyres for light trucks and trucks/buses).
APPENDIX A
Agreement
Concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these United Nations Regulations[*]
(Revision 3, including the amendments, which entered into force on 14 September 2017)
Addendum 53: UN Regulation No. 54
Incorporating by the Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, all valid text up to:
Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 15 to the original version of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 23 June 2004
Supplement 16 to the original version of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 13 November 2004
Corrigendum 1 to Revision 2 of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 9 March 2005
Supplement 17 to the original version of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 17 March 2010
Erratum to Revision 2 of the Regulation (English only)
Supplement 18 to the original version of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 27 January 2013
Corrigendum 1 to Revision 3 of the Regulation (Erratum by the secretariat)
Corrigendum 2 to Revision 3 of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 25 June 2014
Supplement 19 to the original version of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 22 January 2015
Supplement 20 to the original version of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 20 January 2016
Supplement 21 to the original version of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 9 February 2017
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of pneumatic tyres for commercial vehicles and their trailers
UN Regulation No. 54
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of pneumatic tyres for commercial vehicles and their trailers
7. Modification and extension of approval of a tyre type ............................ 19
8. Conformity of production ............................................... 20
9. Penalties for non-conformity of production ................................... 20
10. Production definitively discontinued ........................................ 20
11. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities ......................................... 20
Appendix 2 - relation between the pressure index and the units of pressure............... 47
8 Variation of load capacity with speed commercial vehicles tyres - radial and diagonal........ 48
9 Communication - upgrade of service description for the purposes of retreading in accordance with Regulation No. 109........................................ 50
1. Scope
This Regulation covers new pneumatic tyres * designed primarily for vehicles of categories M2, M3, N, O3 and O4.[1][2] However, it does not apply to tyre types identified by speed category symbols corresponding to speeds below eighty (80) km/h.
2. Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation:
2.1. "Type of tyre" means tyres which do not differ in such essential characteristics as:
(a) The manufacturer’s name;
(b) Tyre-size designation;
(c) Category of use (normal tyre, snow tyre, special use tyre);
(d) Structure (diagonal (bias-ply); radial);
(e) Speed category symbol;
(f) Load-capacity indexes;
(g) Tyre Cross-section;
2.2. "Manufacturer" means the person or body who is responsible to the Type Approval Authority (TAA) for all aspects of the type-approval and for ensuring the conformity of production.
2.3. “Brand name/trademark" means the identification of the brand or trademark as defined by the tyre manufacturer and marked on the sidewall(s) of the tyre. The brand name/trademark may be the same as that of the manufacturer.
2.4. "Trade description/commercial name" means an identification of a range of tyres as given by the tyre manufacturer. It may coincide with the brand name/trademark.
2.5. Category of use:
2.5.1. "Normal tyre" means a tyre intended for normal, on-road use;
2.5.2. "Snow tyre" means a tyre whose tread pattern, tread compound or structure is primarily designed to achieve in snow conditions a performance better than that of a normal tyre with regard to its ability to initiate or maintain vehicle motion;
2.5.3. "Special use tyre" means a tyre intended for mixed use both on- and off-road or for other special duty. These tyres are primarily designed to initiate and maintain the vehicle in motion in off-road conditions;
2.5.3.1. "Professional off-road tyre" is a special use tyre primarily used for service in severe off-road conditions;
2.6. "Structure" of a tyre means the technical characteristics of the tyre's carcass. A distinction is made between the following structures in particular:
2.6.1. "Diagonal" or "bias-ply" describes a tyre structure in which the ply cords extend to the beads and are laid at alternate angles substantially less than 90° to the centreline of the tread;
2.6.2. "Radial" describes a tyre structure in which the ply cords extend to the beads and are laid substantially at 90° to the centreline of the tread, the carcass being stabilized by an essentially inextensible circumferential belt;
2.7. "Bead" means the part of a tyre which is of such shape and structure as to fit the rim and to hold the tyre on it[3];
2.8. "Cord" means the strands forming the fabric of the plies in the tyre3;
2.9. "Ply" means a layer of rubber-coated parallel cords3;
2.10. "Carcass" means that part of a tyre other than the tread and the rubber sidewalls which, when inflated, bears the load3;
2.11. "Tread" means that part of a pneumatic tyre which comes into contact with the ground, protects the carcass against mechanical damage and contributes to ground adhesion3;
2.12. "Sidewall" means the part of a tyre between the tread and the area designed to be covered by the rim flange3;
2.13. "Lower sidewall" means the area included between the line of maximum section width of the tyre and the area designed to be covered by the rim flange3;
2.13.1. However, in case of tyres identified by the "tyre to rim fitment configuration" (see paragraph 3.1.12.) symbol "A", it means the area of the tyre which is seating on the rim;
2.14. "Tread groove" means the space between two adjacent ribs and/or blocks in the tread pattern3;
2.15. "Section width (S)" means the linear distance between the outsides of the sidewalls of an inflated tyre, excluding elevations due to labelling (marking), decoration or protective bands or ribs3;
2.16. "Over-all width" means the linear distance between the outsides of the sidewalls of an inflated tyre, including labelling (marking), decoration and protective bands or ribs3;
2.17. "Section height (H)" means a distance equal to half the difference between the outer diameter of the tyre and the nominal rim diameter;
2.18. "Nominal aspect ratio (Ra)" means one hundred times the number obtained by dividing the number expressing the section height (H) by the number expressing the nominal section width (S1), both dimensions expressed in the same units;
2.19. "Outer diameter (D)" means the overall diameter of an inflated new tyre3;
2.20. "Tyre-size designation" means:
2.20.1. A designation showing:
2.20.1.1. The nominal section width (S1). This width must be expressed in mm, except in the case of types of tyre for which the size designation is shown in the first column of the tables in Annex 5 to this Regulation;
2.20.1.2. The nominal aspect ratio, except in the case of certain types of tyre for which the size designation is shown in the first column of the tables in Annex 5 to this Regulation or, depending on the tyre design type, the nominal outer diameter expressed in mm;
2.20.1.3. A conventional number "d" (the "d" symbol) denoting the nominal diameter of the rim and corresponding to its diameter expressed either in codes (number below 100) or in millimetres (numbers above 100). Numbers corresponding to both types of measurement may be used together in the designation;
2.20.1.3.1. The values of the "d" symbols expressed in millimetres are shown below:
2.20.1.4. An indication of the tyre to rim fitment configuration when it differs from the standard configuration and is not already expressed by the symbol "d" denoting the nominal rim diameter code;
2.21. "Nominal rim diameter (d)" means the diameter of the rim on which a tyre is designed to be mounted[3];
2.22. "Rim" means the support for a tyre-and-tube assembly, or for a tubeless tyre, on which support the tyre beads are seated[3];
2.23. "Theoretical rim" means a rim whose width would be equal to x times the nominal section width of a tyre; the value of x shall be specified by the manufacturer of the type;
2.24. "Measuring rim" means the rim on which a tyre must be fitted for dimensional measurements;
2.25. "Test rim" means the rim on which a tyre must be fitted for load/speed endurance testing;
2.26. "Chunking" means the breaking away of pieces of rubber from the tread;
2.27. "Cord separation" means the parting of the cords from their coating;
2.28. "Ply separation" means the parting of adjacent plies;
2.29. "Tread separation" means the pulling away of the tread from the carcass;
2.30. "Load-capacity index" means one or two numbers, which indicate the load the tyre can carry in single or in single and dual operation at the speed corresponding to the associated speed category and when operated in conformity with the requirements governing utilization specified by the manufacturer. A type of tyre can have either one or two sets of load capacity indices depending on whether or not the provisions of paragraph 6.2.5. are applied. The list of these indices and their corresponding loads is given in Annex 4;
2.31. "Speed category" means:
2.31.1. The speeds, indicated by a symbol, at which the tyre can carry the load indicated by the associated load-capacity index;
2.31.2. The speed categories are as shown in the table below[4]:
2.32. "Table load-capacity variation with speed" means:
The table, in Annex 8, showing as a function of the load-capacity indices and nominal-speed-category symbols the load variations, which a tyre can withstand when used at speeds different from that conforming to its nominal-speed-category symbol. The load variations do not apply in the case of the additional load capacity symbol and speed category obtained when the provisions of paragraph 6.2.5. are applied;
2.33. "Void to fill ratio" means the ratio between the area of voids in a reference surface and the area of this reference surface calculated from the mould drawing;
2.34. "Tyre Class" means one of the following groupings:
2.34.1. Class C2 tyres: Tyres identified by a load capacity index in single formation lower or equal to 121 and a speed category symbol higher or equal to "N";
2.34.2. Class C3 tyres: Tyres identified by:
(a) A load capacity index in single formation higher or equal to 122; or
(b) A load capacity index in single formation lower or equal to 121 and a speed category symbol lower or equal to "M".
3. Markings
3.1. Tyres submitted for approval shall bear on both side walls in the case of symmetrical tyres and at least on the outer side wall in the case of asymmetrical tyres:
3.1.1. The manufacturer’s name or the Brand name/trademark;
3.1.2. The trade description/commercial name (see paragraph 2.4. of this Regulation). However, the trade description is not required when it coincides with the Brand name/trademark.
3.1.3. The tyre-size designation as defined in paragraph 2.20. of this Regulation;
3.1.4. An indication of the structure as follows:
3.1.4.1. On diagonal (bias-ply) tyres: no indication, or the letter "D";
3.1.4.2. On radial-ply tyres: the letter "R" placed in front of the rim-diameter marking and, optionally, the word "RADIAL";
3.1.5. The speed-category symbol (or symbols);
3.1.5.1. An indication of the tyre's nominal speed category in the form of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 2.31.2. above;
3.1.5.2. An indication of a second speed category in cases where paragraph 6.2.5. below is applied;
3.1.6. The inscription M+S or M.S or M&S if the tyre is classified in the category of use "snow tyre" or if the tyre is classified in the category of use "special use tyre" when declared by the tyre manufacturer at paragraph 4.1.3. as complying also with the definition given in paragraph 2.5.2.
3.1.7. The load-capacity indices as defined in paragraph 2.30. of this Regulation;
3.1.8. The word "TUBELESS" if the tyre is designed for use without an inner tube;
3.1.9. The date of manufacture in the form of a group of four digits, the first two showing the week and the last two the year of manufacture. However, this marking, which it is permissible to restrict to one sidewall, shall not be mandatory, on any tyre submitted for approval, until two years after the date of entry into force of this Regulation[5];
3.1.10. In the case of tyres which can be re-grooved, the symbol
at least 20 mm in diameter, or the word "REGROOVABLE", moulded into or on to each sidewall;
3.1.11. An indication, by the "PSI" index, of the inflation pressure to be adopted for the load/speed endurance tests, as explained in Annex 7, Appendix 2. However, this indication, which it is permissible to restrict to one sidewall, shall not be mandatory, on any tyre submitted for approval, until two years after the date of entry into force of this Regulation. 5
For tyres first approved after 1 January 2018, the inflation pressure for the dimension measurement and for the load/speed endurance test, pursuant to paragraph 4.1.12. of this Regulation, shall be indicated in kilopascals, replacing the "PSI" index.
It is allowed to use kPa marking instead of PSI for tyres first type approved before 1 January 2018;
3.1.12. In the case of tyres first approved after 1 March 2004 the identification referred to in paragraph 2.20.1.4. shall be placed only immediately after the rim diameter marking referred to in paragraph 2.20.1.3;
3.1.13. The inscription "MPT" (or alternatively "ML" or "ET") and /or "POR" if the tyre is classified in the category of use "special use tyre". In addition, they may also bear the inscription M+S or M.S or M&S.
"ET" means Extra Tread, "ML" stands for Mining and Logging, "MPT" means Multi-Purpose Truck and "POR" means Professional Off Road6;
3.1.14. The prefix "LT" before the tyre size designation, or the suffix "C" or "LT" after the rim diameter marking referred to in paragraph 2.20.1.3., and, if applicable, after the tyre to rim fitment configuration referred to in paragraph 2.20.1.4., or the suffix "LT" after the service description.
3.1.14.1. This marking is optional in the case of tyres fitted on 5° drop centre rims, suitable for single and dual fitment, having a load capacity index in single lower or equal to 121 and destined for the equipment of motor vehicles;
3.1.14.2. This marking is mandatory in the case of tyres fitted on 5° drop centre rims, suitable for single fitment only, having a load capacity index higher or equal to 122 and destined for the equipment of motor vehicles;
3.1.15. The suffix "CP" after the rim diameter marking referred to in paragraph 2.20.1.3., and, if applicable, after the tyre to rim fitment configuration referred to in paragraph 2.20.1.4. This marking is mandatory in the case of tyres fitted on 5° drop centre rims, having a load capacity index in single lower or equal to 121 and specifically designed for the equipment of motor caravans;
3.1.16. The inscription "FRT" (Free Rolling Tyre) in case of tyres designed for the equipment of trailer axles and axles of motor vehicles other than front steering and drive axles.
3.2. Tyres shall exhibit a free space sufficiently large to accommodate an approval mark as shown in Annex 2 to this Regulation.
3.3. Annex 3 to this Regulation gives an example of an arrangement of the tyre markings.
3.4. The markings referred to in paragraph 3.1. and the approval mark prescribed in paragraph 5.4. of this Regulation shall be moulded on to or into the tyres. They shall be clearly legible and shall, except for the marking referred to in paragraph 3.1.1. above, be located on at least one lower sidewall.
3.4.1. However, for tyres identified by the "tyre to rim fitment configuration" (see paragraph 3.1.12.) symbol "A", the markings may be placed anywhere on the sidewall of the tyre.
4. Application for approval
4.1. The application for approval of a type of tyre with regard to this Regulation shall be submitted by the tyre manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative. It shall specify:
4.1.1. The tyre-size designation as defined in paragraph 2.20. of this Regulation;
4.1.2. The manufacturer's name;
4.1.2.1. The Brand name(s)/trademark(s);
4.1.2.2. The trade description(s)/commercial name(s).
4.1.3. The category of use (normal, snow tyres, special use tyres);
4.1.3.1. For the tyres belonging to the category of use "special use tyre" those which may bear the inscription M+S or M.S or M&S.
4.1.4. Structure: diagonal (bias ply) or radial;
4.1.5. The speed category;
4.1.6. The load-capacity indexes;
4.1.7. Whether the tyre is intended to be used with or without an inner tube;
4.1.8. The overall dimensions: overall section width and outer diameter;
4.1.9. The factor "x" referred to in paragraph 2.23. above;
4.1.10. The rims on which the tyre can be mounted;
4.1.11. The measuring rim and test rim;
4.1.12 The inflation pressure for the dimension measurement and for the load/speed endurance test pressure;
4.1.13. The additional load/speed combinations in cases where paragraph 6.2.5. below is applied.
4.2. The application for approval shall be accompanied (all in triplicate) by a sketch, or a representative photograph, which identify the tyre tread pattern and a sketch of the envelope of the inflated tyre mounted on the measuring rim showing the relevant dimensions (see paragraphs 6.1.1. and 6.1.2.) of the type submitted for approval. It shall also be accompanied either by the test report issued by the approved test laboratory or by one or two samples of the tyre type, at the discretion of the competent authority. Drawings or photographs of the side wall and tread of the tyre shall be submitted once production has been established, no later than one year after the date of issue of the type approval.
4.3. The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type approval is granted.
4.4. Where a tyre manufacturer submits application for type approval for a range of tyres, it is not considered necessary to carry out a load/speed test on every type of tyre in the range. Worst case selection may be made at the discretion of the approval authority.
5. Approval
5.1. If the type of tyre submitted for approval in pursuance of this Regulation meets the requirements of paragraph 6. below, approval of that type of tyre shall be granted.
5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved; its first two digits (at present 00 for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another type of tyre.
5.3. Notice of approval or of refusal of approval of a type of tyre pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement, which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
5.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously, to every tyre conforming to a type of tyre approved under this Regulation, in the space referred to in paragraph 3.2. above and in addition to the markings prescribed in paragraph 3.1. above, an international approval mark consisting of:
5.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval[6]; and
5.4.2. An approval number.
5.5. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
5.6. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the approval mark.
5.7. Subsequent re-treading in accordance with Regulation No. 109
In the case where, during the course of production of a particular tyre type, the manufacturer has obtained a new approval for that same tyre type to be marked with a service description indicating a higher load index or different speed symbol than the earlier marking and where the tyre manufacturer authorizes the earlier tyre type to be re-treaded and marked with the later service description, the tyre manufacturer shall complete the Communication document given in Annex 9 to this Regulation and shall submit this to the Type Approval Authority that has granted the new approval. If the authorization for upgrading only applies to tyres from a particular manufacturing plant, or produced during particular production periods, the information necessary to identify the tyres shall be stated on the Communication document.
The Type Approval Authority shall communicate this information to other Parties to the Agreement, which apply this Regulation, and tyre manufacturers or Type Approval Authorities shall release this information on the request of any re-treading production unit that is approved in accordance with Regulation No. 109.
6. Specifications
6.1. Dimensions of tyres
6.1.1. Section width of a tyre
6.1.1.1. The section width shall be obtained by means of the following formula:
S = S1 + K (A - A1),
Where:
S is the "section width" rounded to the nearest millimetre and measured on the measuring rim;
S1 is "the nominal section width" in millimetres, as shown on the sidewall of the tyre in the tyre designation as prescribed;
A is the width of the measuring rim in millimetres, as shown by the manufacturer in the descriptive note; and
A1 is the width of the theoretical rim in millimetres.
A1 shall be taken to equal S1 multiplied by the factor x as specified by the manufacturer, and K shall be taken to equal 0.4.
6.1.1.2. However, for the existing types of tyres whose designation is given in the first column of the tables in Annex 5 to this Regulation, the section width shall be deemed to be that given opposite the tyre designation in those tables.
6.1.1.3. However, for tyres identified by the "tyre to rim fitment configuration" (see paragraph 3.1.12.) symbol "A", K shall be taken to equal 0.6.
6.1.2. Outer diameter of a tyre
6.1.2.1. The outer diameter of a tyre shall be obtained by means of the following formula:
D = d + 2H
where:
D is the outer diameter expressed in millimetres;
d is the conventional number defined in paragraph 2.20.1.3. above, expressed in millimetres;
H is the nominal section height rounded to the nearest millimetre and is equal to
H = S1 • 0.01 Ra, where
S1 is the nominal section width in millimetres;
Ra is the nominal aspect ratio;
all as shown on the sidewall of the tyre in the tyre-size designation in conformity with the requirements of paragraph 3.4. above.
6.1.2.2. However, for the existing types of tyres whose designation is given in the first column of the tables in Annex 5 to this Regulation, the outer diameter shall be deemed to be that given opposite the tyre designation in those tables.
6.1.2.3. However, for tyres identified by the "tyre to rim fitment configuration" (see paragraph 3.1.12.) symbol "A", the outer diameter shall be that specified in the tyre-size designation as shown on the sidewall of the tyre.
6.1.3. Method of measuring tyres
The dimensions of tyres shall be measured by the procedure described in Annex 6 to this Regulation.
6.1.4. Tyre section width specifications
6.1.4.1. The overall width of a tyre may be less than the section width or widths determined pursuant to paragraph 6.1.1. above.
6.1.4.2. It may exceed that value by 4 per cent in case of radial-ply tyres and by 8 per cent in the case of diagonal (bias-ply) tyres. However, for tyres with nominal section width exceeding 305 mm intended for dual mounting (twinning), the value determined pursuant to paragraph 6.1.1. above shall not be exceeded by more than 2 per cent for radial-ply tyres with nominal aspect ratio higher than 60, or 4 per cent for diagonal (bias-ply) tyres. The respective limits shall be rounded to the nearest millimetre (mm).
6.1.4.3. However, for tyres identified by the "tyre to rim fitment configuration" (see paragraph 3.1.12.) symbol "A", the overall width of the tyre, in the lower area of the tyre, equals the nominal width of the rim on which the tyre is mounted, as shown by the manufacturer in the descriptive note, increased by 27 mm.
6.1.5. Tyre outer diameter specifications
The outer diameter of a tyre must not be outside the values dmin and dmax obtained from the following formulae:
Dmin = d + 2 • Hmin
Dmax = d + 2 • Hmax
where:
Hmin = H • a rounded to the nearest mm
Hmax = H • b rounded to the nearest mm
6.1.5.1. For sizes listed in Annex 5 and for tyres identified by the "tyre to rim fitment configuration" (see paragraph 3.1.12.) symbol "A", the nominal section height H is equal to:
H = 0.5 (D-d), rounded to the nearest mm - for references see paragraph 6.1.2.1.
6.1.5.2. For other sizes, not listed in Annex 5
"H" and "d" are as defined in paragraph 6.1.2.1.
6.1.5.3. Coefficients "a" and "b" are respectively:
6.1.5.3.1. Coefficient "a" = .97
6.1.5.3.2. Coefficient "b" Radial Diagonal
For normal use tyres 1.04 1.07
For special use tyres 1.06 1.09
6.1.5.3.3. For snow tyres the outer diameter shall not exceed the following value
Dmax,snow = 1.01 • Dmax rounded to the nearest mm
where Dmax is the maximum outer diameter established in conformity with the above.
For tyres of the category of use, "snow tyre" the outer diameter (Dmax) established in conformity with the above may be exceeded by one per cent.
6.2. Load/speed endurance test
6.2.1. Each type of tyre shall undergo at least one load/speed endurance tests carried out by the procedure described in Annex 7 to this Regulation.
6.2.2. A tyre which, after undergoing the endurance test, does not exhibit any tread separation, ply separation, cord separation, chunking or broken cords shall be deemed to have passed the test.
6.2.3. The outer diameter of the tyre, measured six hours after the load/speed endurance test, must not differ by more than 3.5 per cent from the outer diameter as measured before the test.
6.2.4. Where application is made for the approval of a type of tyre for the load/speed combinations given in the table in Annex 8, the endurance test prescribed in paragraph 6.2.1. above need not be carried out for load and speed values other than the nominal values.
6.2.5. Where application is made for the approval of a type of tyre, which has a load/speed combination in addition to the one that is subject to the variation of load with speed given in the table in Annex 8, the endurance test prescribed in paragraph 6.2.1. above shall also be carried out on a second tyre of the same type at the additional load/speed combination.
6.3. Tread pattern of a tyre
6.3.1. In order to be classified as a "special use tyre" a tyre shall have a block tread pattern in which the blocks are larger and more widely spaced than for normal tyres and have the following characteristics:
For C2 tyres: a tread depth ≥ 11 mm and void to fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent
For C3 tyres: a tread depth ≥ 16 mm and void to fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent
6.3.2. In order to be classified as a 'professional off-road tyre', a tyre shall have all of the following characteristics:
(a) For C2 tyres:
(i) A tread depth ≥ 11 mm;
(ii) A void to fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent;
(iii) A maximum speed rating of ≤ Q.
(b) For C3 tyres:
(i) A tread depth ≥ 16 mm;
(ii) A void to fill ratio ≥ 35 per cent;
(iii) A maximum speed rating of ≤ K.
7. Modification and extension of approval of a tyre type
7.1. Every modification of a tyre type shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority, which approved the tyre type. That Authority may then either:
7.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the tyre still meets the requirements; or
7.1.2. Require a further test report from the Technical Service responsible for carrying out the tests.
7.2. A modification of the tread pattern of the tyre shall not be considered to necessitate a repetition of the tests prescribed in paragraph 6. of this Regulation.
7.3. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 5.3. above to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation.
7.4. The competent Type Approval Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
8. Conformity of production
The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in the 1958 Agreement, Schedule 1 (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3) with the following requirements:
8.1. Tyres approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved, by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraph 6. above.
8.2. The Type Approval Authority, which has granted type approval, may at any time verify the conformity control methods applied in each production facility. For each production facility, the normal frequency of these verifications shall be once every two years.
9. Penalties for non-conformity of production
9.1. The approval granted in respect of a type of tyre pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in paragraph 8.1. above is not complied with or if the tyres taken from the series have failed to pass the tests prescribed in that paragraph.
9.2. If a Party to the Agreement, which applies this Regulation, withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.
10. Production definitively discontinued
If the holder of an approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of tyre approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the Type Approval Authority, which granted the approval. Upon receiving, the relevant communication that Authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of copies of the communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
11. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities
11.1. The Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and, where applicable, of the approved test laboratories and of the Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension of approval or refusal of approval or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued, issued in other countries, are to be sent.
11.2. The Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement, which apply this Regulation, may designate laboratories of tyre manufacturers, as approved, test laboratories.
11.3. Where a Contracting Party to the 1958 Agreement applies paragraph 11.2. above, it may, if it so desires, be represented at the tests by one or more persons of its choice.
12. Annexed to this communication is a list of documents in the approval file deposited at the Type Approval Authorities having delivered the approval and which can be obtained upon request.
The above approval mark affixed to a tyre shows that the type of tyre concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) under approval number 002439. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 54 in its original form.
Note: The approval number must be placed close to the circle and either above or below the "E" or to left or right of that letter. The digits of the approval number must be on the same side of the "E" and face in the same direction. The use of Roman numerals as approval numbers should be avoided so as to prevent any confusion with other symbols.
(*) PSI marking instead of kPa is allowed for tyres first type approved before 1 January 2018.
Minimum heights of markings(mm)
Tyres of nominal rim diameter 508 mm (Code 20) or of nominal section width 235 mm (Code 9) Tyres of nominal rim diameter 508 mm (Code 20) or of nominal section width 235 mm (Code 9)
B 6 9
C 4
D 6
1. These markings define a tyre:
Having a nominal section width of 255;
Having a nominal aspect ratio of 70;
Of radial-ply structure (R);
Having a nominal rim diameter of 572 mm, for which the symbol is 22.5;
Having load capacities of 3,150 kg when single and 2,900 kg when twinned (dual), corresponding respectively to the load indices 148 and 145 shown in Annex 4 to this Regulation;
Having a reference speed of 100 km/h corresponding to speed category symbol: J;
Classified in the category of use Snow: M+S;
Able to be used additionally at 120 km/h (speed category symbol L) with a load capacity of 3,000 kg when single and 2,725 kg when twinned (dual), corresponding respectively to the load indices 145 and 143 shown in Annex 4 to this Regulation;
Capable of being fitted without inner tube: "TUBELESS";
Manufactured during the twenty-fifth week of the year 2003, and
Requiring to be inflated to 620 kPa for load/speed endurance tests, for which the PSI symbol is 90.
2. In the particular case of tyres having a tyre to rim fitment configuration "A", the marking shall be in the form of the following example:
235-700 R 450A
Where:
235 is the nominal section width in mm
700 is the outer diameter expressed in mm
R is an indication of the structure of the tyre - see paragraph 3.1.4. of this Regulation
450 is the nominal diameter of the rim expressed in mm
A is the tyre to rim fitment configuration.
The marking of the load index, speed category symbol, date of manufacture and other markings, shall be as given in the example above.
3. The positioning and order of the markings constituting the tyre designation shall be the following:
a) The tyre-size designation as defined in paragraph 2.20. of this Regulation shall be grouped as shown in the example above: 255/70 R 22.5 or 235-700 R 450A;
b) The service description comprising the load index/indices and the speed symbol shall be placed immediately after the tyre-size designation as defined in paragraph 2.20. of this Regulation;
c) The symbols "TUBELESS" and "M+S" or "FRT" or "MPT" (and equivalents) may be at a distance from the tyre-size designation
d) If paragraph 6.2.5. of this Regulation is applied, the additional load-capacity indices and speed-category symbol must be shown inside a circle near the nominal load-capacity indices and speed-category-symbol appearing on the tyre sidewall.
9.00R15 9.00R16(*) 9.00R2010.00R1510.00R2010.00R2211.00R1611.00R2011.00R2211.00R2412.00R2012.00R2212.00R2413.00R2014.00R2014.00R2416.00R20 80 Series 12/80 R 20 13/80 R 20 14/80 R 20 14/80 R 24 14.75/80 R 20 15.5/80 R 20 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 6.50 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.50 8.50 8.50 9.0010.0010.0013.00 8.50 9.0010.0010.0010.0010.00 381406508381508559406508559610508559610508508610508 508508508610508508 840 9121018 91810521102 9801082113211821122117412261176123813401370 100810481090119211241158 840 9001012 91810501102 9521080113011801120117412201170123813401370 ------ 249246258275275275279286286286313313313336370370446 305326350350370384 249252256275275275272291291291312312312342375375446 ------
Wide Base Tyres for Multipurpose Trucks
7.50 R 18 MPT 10.5 R 18 MPT 10.5 R 20 MPT 12.5 R 18 MPT 12.5 R 20 MPT 14.5 R 20 MPT 14.5 R 24 MPT 5.509911111111 457457508457508508610 885 905 955 990104010951195 276276330330362362 208270270325325355355
(+) Tyres in diagonal construction are identified by an hyphen in place of the letter 'R' (e.g. 5.00-8).
(*) The tyre-size designation may be supplemented with the letter 'C' (e.g. 6.00-16C).
Table B
Code designated sizes mounted on 15° tapered rims - Radial
Tyre-size designation
Measuring rim width code
Nominal rim diameter<br>d (mm)
Outer diameter<br>D (mm)
Section width<br>S (mm)
7 R 17.5 ()<br> 7 R 19.5<br> 8 R 17.5 ()<br> 8 R 19.5<br> 8 R 22.5<br> 8.5 R 17.5<br> 9 R 17.5<br> 9 R 19.5<br> 9 R 22.5<br> 9.5 R 17.5<br> 9.5 R 19.5<br>10 R 17.5<br>10 R 19.5<br>10 R 22.5<br>11 R 22.5<br>11 R 24.5<br>12 R 22.5<br>13 R 22.5<br>15 R 19.5<br>15 R 22.5<br>16.5 R 19.5<br>16.5 R 22.5<br>18 R 19.5<br>18 R 22.5<br>70 Series<br>10/70 R 22.5<br>11/70 R 22.5<br>12/70 R 22.5<br>13/70 R 22.5<br>
(*) The tyre-size designation may be supplemented with the letter 'C' (e.g. 7 R 17.5C).
Table C
Tyres for light commercial vehicles - Radial and diagonal constructions
Tyre-size designation (+) Measuring rim width code Nominal rim diameterd (mm) Outer diameterD (mm) Section widthS (mm)
Radial Diagonal Radial Diagonal
Metric Designated
145 R 10 C 145 R 12 C 145 R 13 C 145 R 14 C 145 R 15 C 155 R 12 C 155 R 13 C 155 R 14 C 165 R 13 C 165 R 14 C 165 R 15 C 175 R 13 C 175 R 14 C 175 R 16 C 185 R 13 C 185 R 14 C 185 R 15 C 185 R 16 C 195 R 14 C 195 R 15 C 195 R 16 C 205 R 14 C 205 R 15 C 205 R 16 C 215 R 14 C 215 R 15 C 215 R 16 C 245 R 16 C 17 R 15 C 17 R 380 C 17 R 400 C 19 R 400 C 4.004.004.004.004.004.504.504.504.504.504.505.005.005.005.505.505.505.505.505.505.506.006.006.006.006.006.007.005.005.00150 mm150 mm 254305330356381305330356330356381330356406330356381406356381406356381406356381406406381381400400 492542566590616550578604596622646608634684624650674700666690716686710736700724750798678678698728 ---------------------------798---- 147147147147147157157157167167167178178178188188188188198198198208208208218218218248178178186200 ---------------------------248----
Code Designated
5.60 R 12 C 6.40 R 13 C 6.70 R 13 C 6.70 R 14 C 6.70 R 15 C 4.005.005.005.005.00 305330330356381 570648660688712 572640662688714 150172180180180 148172180180180
(+) Tyres in diagonal construction are identified by an hyphen in place of the letter 'R' (e.g. 145-10 C).
Table D
Tyres for special applications - Radial and diagonal construction
Tyre-size designation (+) Measuring rim width code Nominal rim diameterd (mm) Outer diameterD (mm) Section width S (mm)
(+) Tyres in radial construction are identified by the letter 'R' in place of the hyphen '-' (e.g. 15x4 1/2 R 8).
Part II - United States tyres
- Tolerances shown at the bottom of the tables apply in place of those shown in paragraphs 6.1.4.2. and 6.1.5.3.
- Outer diameters are listed for the various categories of use: Normal, Snow, Special.
Table A
Tyres for light commercial vehicles (LT tyres)
Diagonal and radial
Tyre-size designation1 Measuring rim width code Nominal rim diameterd(mm) Outer diameter D (mm)2
Normal Snow Section width S (mm)3
6.00-16LT 4.50 406 732 743 173
6.50-16LT 4.50 406 755 767 182
6.70-16LT 5.00 406 722 733 191
7.00-13LT 5.00 330 647 658 187
7.00-14LT 5.00 356 670 681 187
7.00-15LT 5.50 381 752 763 202
7.00-16LT 5.50 406 778 788 202
7.10-15LT 5.00 381 738 749 199
7.50-15LT 6.00 381 782 794 220
7.50-16LT 6.00 406 808 819 220
8.25-16LT 6.50 406 859 869 241
9.00-16LT 6.50 406 890 903 257
G78-15LT 6.00 381 711 722 212
H78-15LT 6.00 381 727 739 222
L78-15LT 6.50 381 749 760 236
L78-16LT 6.50 406 775 786 236
7-14.5LT4 6.00 368 677 185
8-14.5LT4 6.00 368 707 203
9-14.5LT4 7.00 368 711 241
7-17.5LT 5.25 445 758 769 189
8-17.5LT 5.25 445 788 799 199
1 Tyres in Radial construction are identified by the letter "R" in place of "-" (e.g. 6.00 R 16LT).
2 Coefficient "b" for the calculation of Dmax: 1.08.
3 Overall width may exceed this value up to +8 per cent.
4 The suffix "MH"' may replace "LT" in the tyre-size designation (e.g. 7-14.5 MH).
Table B
Tyres for light commercial vehicles (high flotation tyres)
Diagonal and radial
Tyre-size designation1 Measuring rim width code Nominal rim diameterd (mm) Outer diameter D (mm)2 Section width S (mm)3
Normal Snow
9-15LT 8.00 381 744 755 254
10-15LT 8.00 381 773 783 264
11-15LT 8.00 381 777 788 279
24x7.50-13LT 6.00 330 597 604 191
27x8.50-14LT 7.00 356 674 680 218
28x8.50-15LT 7.00 381 699 705 218
29x9.50-15LT 7.50 381 724 731 240
30x9.50-15LT 7.50 381 750 756 240
31x10.50-15LT 8.50 381 775 781 268
31x11.50-15LT 9.00 381 775 781 290
31x12.50R15LT 10.00 381 775 781 318
31x13.50-15LT 11.00 381 775 781 345
31x15.50-15LT 12.00 381 775 781 390
32x11.50-15LT 9.00 381 801 807 290
33x9.50 R15LT 7.50 381 826 832 240
33x10.50R15LT 8.50 381 826 832 268
33x10.50R17LT 8.50 432 826 832 268
33x10.50R18LT 8.50 457 826 832 268
33x11.50R18LT 9.00 457 826 832 290
33x12.50-15LT 10.00 381 826 832 318
33x12.50R17LT 10.00 432 826 832 318
33x12.50R18LT 10.00 457 826 832 318
33x12.50R20LT 10.00 508 826 832 318
33x12.50R22LT 10.00 559 826 832 318
33x13.50R15LT 11.00 381 826 832 345
33x15.50R15LT 12.00 381 826 832 390
34x10.50R17LT 8.50 432 851 858 268
34x12.50R18LT 10.00 457 851 858 318
35x12.50-15LT 10.00 381 877 883 318
35x12.50R17LT 10.00 432 877 883 318
35x12.50R18LT 10.00 457 877 883 318
35x12.50R20LT 10.00 508 877 883 318
35x12.50R22LT 10.00 559 877 883 318
35x13.50R15LT 11.00 381 877 883 345
35x13.50R18LT 11.00 457 877 883 345
35x13.50R20LT 11.00 508 877 883 345
35x14.50R15LT 12.00 381 877 883 372
36x13.50R18LT 11.00 457 902 908 345
36x14.50R15LT 12.00 381 902 908 372
36x14.50R17LT 12.00 432 902 908 372
36x14.50R18LT 12.00 457 902 908 372
36x15.50R15LT 12.00 381 902 908 390
37x12.50-15LT 10.00 381 928 934 318
37x12.50 R17LT 10.00 432 928 934 318
37x12.50R18LT 10.00 457 928 934 318
37x12.50R20LT 10.00 508 928 934 318
37x12.50R22LT 10.00 559 928 934 318
37x13.50R15LT 11.00 381 928 934 345
37x13.50R17LT 11.00 432 928 934 345
37x13.50R18LT 11.00 457 928 934 345
37x13.50R20LT 11.00 508 928 934 345
37x13.50R22LT 11.00 559 928 934 345
37x13.50R24LT 11.00 610 928 934 345
37x14.50-15LT 12.00 381 928 934 372
38x13.50R17LT 11.00 432 953 959 345
38x13.50R20LT 11.00 508 953 959 345
38x13.50R24LT 11.00 610 953 959 345
38x14.50R17LT 12.00 432 953 959 372
38x14.50R18LT 12.00 457 953 959 372
38x14.50R20LT 12.00 508 953 959 372
38x15.50R15LT 12.00 381 953 959 390
38x15.50R17LT 12.00 432 953 959 390
38x15.50R18LT 12.00 457 953 959 390
38x15.50R20LT 12.00 508 953 959 390
39x13.50R17LT 11.00 432 978 985 345
40x13.50R17LT 11.00 432 1004 1010 345
40x13.50R20LT 11.00 508 1004 1010 345
40x14.50R17LT 12.00 432 1004 1010 372
40x14.50R18LT 12.00 457 1004 1010 372
40x14.50R20LT 12.00 508 1004 1010 372
40x15.50R20LT 12.00 508 1004 1010 390
40x15.50R22LT 12.00 559 1004 1010 390
40x15.50R24LT 12.00 610 1004 1010 390
42x14.50R17LT 12.00 432 1055 1061 372
42x14.50R20LT 12.00 508 1055 1061 372
8.00-16.5LT 6.00 419 720 730 203
8.75-16.5LT 6.75 419 748 759 222
9.50-16.5LT 6.75 419 776 787 241
10-16.5LT 8.25 419 762 773 264
12-16.5LT 9.75 419 818 831 307
30x9.50-16.5LT 7.50 419 750 761 240
31x10.50-16.5LT 8.25 419 775 787 266
33x12.50-16.5LT 9.75 419 826 838 315
35x12.50 R16.5LT 10.00 419 877 883 318
37x12.50-16.5LT 9.75 419 928 939 315
37x14.50-16.5LT 11.25 419 928 939 365
1 Tyres in Radial construction are identified by the letter "R" in place of "-" (e.g. 24x7.50 R 13LT).2 Coefficient 'b' for the calculation of Dmax: 1.07. 3 Overall width may exceed this value up to +7 per cent.
Table C
Code designated tyres mounted on 5° tapered or flat base rims
Diagonal and radial
Tyre-size designation1 Measuring rim width code Nominal rim diameter d (mm) Outer diameter D (mm2
Normal Section width S (mm)3
(a) (b) Snow
6.50-20 5 508 878 893 184
7.00-15TR 5.5 381 777 792 199
7.00-18 5.5 457 853 868 199
7.00-20 5.5 508 904 919 199
7.50-15TR 6 381 808 825 215
7.50-17 6 432 859 876 215
7.50-18 6 457 884 901 215
7.50-20 6 508 935 952 215
8.25-15TR 6.5 381 847 855 865 236
8.25-20 6.5 508 974 982 992 236
9.00-15TR 7 381 891 904 911 259
9.00-20 7 508 1019 1031 1038 259
10.00-15TR 7.5 381 927 940 946 278
10.00-20 7.5 508 1054 1067 1073 278
10.00-22 7.5 559 1104 1118 1123 278
11.00-20 8 508 1085 1099 1104 293
11.00-22 8 559 1135 1150 1155 293
11.00-24 8 610 1186 1201 1206 293
11.50-20 8 508 1085 1099 1104 296
12.00-20 8.5 508 1125 1146 315
12.00-24 8.5 610 1226 1247 315
14.00-20 10 508 1241 1266 375
14.00-24 10 610 1343 1368 375
1 Tyres in Radial construction are identified by the letter "R" in place of "-"(e.g. 6.50 R 20).
2 Coefficient 'b' for the calculation of Dmax : 1.06 . Category of use: Normal Service tyres: (a) Highway tread (b) Heavy tread
3 Overall width may exceed this value up to +6 per cent.
Table D
Code designated tyres for special services
Diagonal and radial
Tyre-size designation Measuring rim width code Nominal rim diameter d (mm) Outer diameter D (mm)1
(a) (b) Section width S (mm) 2
10.00-20ML 7.5 508 1073 1099 278
11.00-22ML 8 559 1155 1182 293
13.00-24ML 9 610 1302 340
14.00-20ML 10 508 1266 375
14.00-24ML 10 610 1368 375
15-19.5ML 11.75 495 1019 389
24 R 21 18 533 1372 - 610
1 Coefficient "b" for the calculation of Dmax : 1.06.
Category of use: special (a) Traction tread (b) Heavy tread
2 Overall width may exceed this value up to +8 per cent.
Table E
Code designated tyres mounted on 15° tapered rims
Diagonal and radial
Tyre-size designation1 Measuring rim width code Nominal rim diameter d (mm) Outer diameter D (mm)2
Normal
(a) (b) Snow Section width S (mm)3
8-19.5 6.00 495 859 876 203
8-22.5 6.00 572 935 952 203
9-22.5 6.75 572 974 982 992 229
10-22.5 7.50 572 1019 1031 1038 254
11-22.5 8.25 572 1054 1067 1073 279
11-24.5 8.25 622 1104 1118 1123 279
12-22.5 9.00 572 1085 1099 1104 300
12-24.5 9.00 622 1135 1150 1155 300
12.5-22.5 9.00 572 1085 1099 1104 302
12.5-24.5 9.00 622 1135 1150 1155 302
14-17.5 10.50 445 907 921 349 (-)
15-19.5 11.75 495 1005 1019 389 (-)
15-22.5 11.75 572 1082 1095 389 (-)
16.5-22.5 13.00 572 1128 1144 425 (-)
18-19.5 14.00 495 1080 1096 457 (-)
18-22.5 14.00 572 1158 1172 457 (-)
1 Tyres in Radial construction are identified by the letter "R" in place of "-" (e.g. 8R19.5).
2 Coefficient "b" for the calculation of Dmax : 1.05.
Category of use: Normal Service tyres: (a) Highway tread (b) Heavy tread
3 Overall width may exceed this value up to +6 per cent
(-) Overall width may exceed this value up to +5 per cent.
Annex 6
Method of measuring pneumatic tyres
1. The tyre is mounted on the measuring rim specified by the manufacturer pursuant to paragraph 4.1.11. of this Regulation and is inflated to a pressure specified by the manufacturer pursuant to paragraph 4.1.12. of this Regulation.
2. The tyre fitted on its rim is conditioned to the ambient temperature of the laboratory for at least 24 hours.
3. The pressure is readjusted to the value specified in paragraph 1. above.
4. The overall width is measured by caliper at six equally-spaced points, account being taken of the thickness of the protective ribs or bands. The highest measurement so obtained is taken as the overall width.
5. The outer diameter is calculated from the maximum circumference.
Annex 7
Procedure for load/speed endurance tests
1. Preparing the tyre
1.1. Mount a new tyre on the test rim specified by the manufacturer pursuant to paragraph 4.1.11. of this Regulation.
1.2. Use a new inner tube or combination of inner tube, valve and flap (as required) when testing tyres with inner tubes.
1.3. Inflate the tyre to the pressure corresponding to the pressure index specified by the manufacturer pursuant to paragraph 4.1.12. of this Regulation.
1.4. Condition the tyre-and-wheel assembly at test-room temperature for not less than three hours.
1.5. Readjust the tyre pressure to that specified in paragraph 1.3. above.
2. Test procedure
2.1. Mount the tyre-and-wheel assembly on the test axle and press it against the outer face of a smooth power-driven test drum 1.70 m 1 per cent in diameter having a surface at least as wide as the tyre tread.
2.2. Apply to the test axle a series of test loads expressed in per cent of the load indicated, in Annex 4 to this Regulation, opposite the load index engraved on the sidewall of the tyre, in accordance with the test programme below. Where the tyre has load-capacity indices for both single and twinned utilization, the reference load for single utilization shall be taken as the basis for the test loads.
2.2.1. In the case of tyres with a speed category symbol above P, test procedures are as specified in paragraph 3.
2.2.2. For all other tyre types, the endurance test programme is shown in Appendix 1 to this annex.
2.3. The tyre pressure must not be corrected throughout the test and the test load must be kept constant throughout each of the three test stages.
2.4. During the test the temperature in the test-room must be maintained at between 20 °C and 30 °C or at a higher temperature if the manufacturer so agrees.
2.5. The endurance-test programme shall be carried out without interruption.
3. Load/speed test programme for tyre with speed category symbol Q and above
3.1. This programme applies to:
3.1.1. All tyres marked with load capacity index in single 121 or less.
3.1.2. Tyres marked with load capacity index in single 122 and above and with the additional marking "C", or "LT", referred to in paragraph 3.1.13. of this Regulation.
3.2. Load placed on the wheel as a percentage of the load corresponding to the load index:
3.2.1. 90 per cent when tested on a test drum 1.70 m 1 per cent in diameter;
3.2.2. 92 per cent when tested on a test drum 2.0 m 1 per cent in diameter.
3.3. Initial test speed: speed corresponding to the speed category symbol less 20 km/h;
3.3.1. Time to reach the initial test speed 10 min.
3.3.2. Duration of the first step = 10 min.
3.4. Second test speed: speed corresponding to the speed category symbol less 10 km/h;
3.4.1. Duration of the second step = 10 min.
3.5. Final test speed: speed corresponding to the speed category symbol:
3.5.1. Duration of the final step = 30 min.
3.6. Total test duration: 1 h.
4. Equivalent test methods
If a method other than that described in paragraph 2. above is used, its equivalence must be demonstrated.
Annex 7 - Appendix 1
Endurance-test programme
Load index Tyre speed category symbol Test-drum speed Load placed on the wheel as a percentage of the load corresponding to the load index
Radial-ply km.h-1 Diagonal (bias-ply) km.h-1 7 h. 16 h. 24 h.
122 or more FGJKLM 32 40 48 56 64 72 32324048-- 66 % 84 % 101 %
Notes:(1) "Special-use" tyres (see paragraph 2.1.3. of this regulation) should be tested at a speed equal to 85 per cent of the speed prescribed for equivalent normal tyres.(2) Tyres with load index 122 or more, speed category symbols N or P and the additional marking "LT", or "C", referred to in paragraph 3.1.13. of this regulation, shall be tested with the same programme as specified in the above table for tyres with load index 121 or less.
Annex 7 - Appendix 2
Relation between the pressure index and the units of pressure
1 The load capacity indices refer to a single operation.
2 Load variations are not allowed for speeds above 160 km/h. For speed category symbols "Q" and above the speed category corresponding to the speed category symbol (see paragraph 2.28.2.) specifies the maximum speed permitted for the tyre.
Annex 9
Communication
Upgrade of service description for the purposes of retreading in accordance with Regulation No. 109
(Maximum format: A4 [210 x 297mm])
Issued by (Name and address of tyre manufacturer):..........................
The tyre corresponding to the following details has been approved to operate at a higher service description than that of the tyre originally approved. It is therefore permitted, subject to any limitations given in paragraph 4.1.1. below, for a tyre bearing the original service description and approval number, to be retreaded to the upgraded service description.
It is also agreed that this information may be released by an approval authority to any retreading production unit that is approved in accordance with Regulation No. 109.
1. Manufacturer’s name or trade mark on the tyre: .....................................
4.1.1. Where applicable, the production plant in which tyres suitable for upgrading were produced, the production periods concerned, and the means of identifying either or both of these issues:
Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958 (original version);
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, done at Geneva on 5 October 1995 (Revision 2).
[4] For consistency, the symbols and speeds shown in this table are the same as those for passenger cars (as in Regulation No. 30). They should not be taken to indicate the speeds at which commercial vehicles fitted with such tyres may be operated on the roads.
[5] Before 1 January 2000, the date of manufacture may be indicated by a group of three digits, the first two showing the week and the last one the year of manufacture.
[6] The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2/Amend.3 - www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html
[7] Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).