Concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these United Nations Regulations[*]
(Revision 3, including the amendments which entered into force on 14 September 2017)
_________
Addendum: 45 – Regulation No. 46
Incorporating by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts, all valid text up to:
04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 15 July 2013
Supplement 1 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 9 October 2014
Supplement 2 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 18 June 2016
Supplement 3 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 8 October 2016
Supplement 4 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 22 June 2017
Supplement 5 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 19 July 2018
Supplement 6 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 28 May 2019
Supplement 7 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 25 September 2020
Supplement 8 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 25 September 2020
Supplement 9 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 30 September 2021
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices for indirect vision and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of these devices
Regulation No. 46
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices for indirect vision and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of these devices
Modification of the type of device for indirect vision and extension of approval............ 40
Conformity of production............................................... 41
Penalties for non‑conformity of production............................. 41
Production definitively discontinued........................................ 41
Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting
approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities................................ 41
Requirements for devices for indirect vision other than mirrors....................... 60
Modifications of the vehicle type and extension of approval......................... 65
Conformity of production............................................... 66
Penalties for non‑conformity of production............................. 66
Production definitively discontinued........................................ 66
Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting
approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities................................ 67
1 Information document for type approval of a device for indirect vision................. 70
2 Information document for type approval of vehicle with
respect to the installation of devices for indirect vision............................ 71
3 Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal
of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of device for indirect vision,
pursuant to Regulation No. 46............................................ 73
4 Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal
of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of vehicle with regard
to the mounting of devices for indirect vision, pursuant to Regulation No. 46............. 75
5 Arrangement of approval mark for a device for indirect vision....................... 77
6 Test method for determining reflectivity ..................................... 78
7 Procedure for determining the radius of curvature "r" of the reflecting surface of a mirror..... 84
8 Procedure for determining the "H" point and the actual torso angle for seating positions
in motor vehicles .................................................... 86
Appendix 1 - Description of the three-dimensional "H" point machine (3-D H machine)...... 86
10 Calculation of the detection distance for CMS of Classes V and VI.................... 88
11 Determination of the displayed object size for CMS of Classes V and VI................ 91
12 Test methods and safety provisions for CMS of Classes I to IV...................... 94
Scope
1.1. This Regulation applies:
(a) To compulsory and optional devices for indirect vision, set out in the table under paragraph 15.2.1.1.1. of this Regulation for vehicles of category M and N[4] and to compulsory and optional devices for indirect vision mentioned in paragraphs 15.2.1.1.3. and 15.2.1.1.4. of this Regulation for vehicles of category L1 with bodywork at least partly enclosing the driver;
(b) To the installation of devices for indirect visions on vehicles of categories M and N and on vehicles of category L1 with bodywork at least partly enclosing the driver.
1.2. This Regulation does not apply to devices other than those prescribed under paragraph 1.1.(a) and their installation, for observing the vision area(s) immediately adjacent to the front and/or the passenger's side of vehicles of category M1, M2, M3, N1 and N2 ≤ 7.5 t.
I. Devices for indirect vision
Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation:
2.1. "Devices for indirect vision" means devices intended to give a clear view of the rear, side or front of the vehicle within the fields of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4. These can be conventional mirrors, camera-monitors or other devices able to present information about the indirect field of vision to the driver.
2.1.1. "Mirror" means any device, excluding devices such as periscopes, intended to give a clear view to the rear, side or front of the vehicle within the fields of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4. by means of a reflective surface.
2.1.1.1. "Interior mirror" means a device as defined in paragraph 2.1.1. above, which can be fitted in the passenger compartment of a vehicle.
2.1.1.2. "Exterior mirror" means a device as defined in paragraph 2.1.1. above, which can be mounted on the external surface of a vehicle.
2.1.1.3. "Surveillance mirror" means a mirror other than the ones defined in paragraph 2.1.1. above which can be fitted to the inside or outside of the vehicle in order to provide fields of vision other than those specified in paragraph 15.2.4. of this Regulation.
2.1.1.4. "r" means the average of the radii of curvature measured over the reflecting surface, in accordance with the method described in Annex 7.
2.1.1.5. "The principal radii of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface (ri)" means the values obtained with the apparatus defined in Annex 7, measured on the arc of the reflecting surface passing through the centre of this surface parallel to the segment b, as defined in paragraph 6.1.2.1.2.1. of this Regulation and on the arc perpendicular to this segment.
2.1.1.6. "The radius of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface (rp)" means the arithmetical average of the principal radii of curvature ri and Second symbol for the principal radius of curvature., i.e.:
Simple equation for calculating the average radius of curvature from two principal radii of curvature measurements.
2.1.1.7. "Spherical surface" means a convex surface, which has, in both horizontal and vertical direction, measured radii of curvature compliant with the provisions given in paragraphs 6.1.2.2.2 and 6.1.2.2.4..
2.1.1.8. "Aspherical surface" means a convex surface, which may have variable radii of curvature both in the horizontal and vertical direction.
2.1.1.9. "Aspherical mirror" means a mirror composed of a spherical and an aspherical part, defined in 2.1.1.7 and 2.1.1.8 respectively, in which the transition of the reflecting surface from the spherical to the aspherical part has to be marked. The curvature of the main axis of the mirror is defined in the x/y coordinate system defined by the radius of the spherical primary calotte with:
Equation for the curvature of the main axis of the mirror is defined in the x-y coordinate system defined by the radius of the spherical primary calotte.
Where:
R: nominal radius in the spherical part
k: constant for the change of curvature
a: constant for the spherical size of the spherical primary calotte
2.1.1.10. "Centre of the reflecting surface" means the centre of the visible area of the reflecting surface.
2.1.1.11. "The radius of curvature of the constituent parts of the mirror" means the radius "c" of the arc of the circle which most closely approximates to the curved form of the part in question.
2.1.2. "Camera-monitor system (CMS)" means a device for indirect vision as defined in paragraph 2.1., where the field of vision is obtained by means of a camera-monitor combination as defined in paragraphs 2.1.2.1. and 2.1.2.2. below.
2.1.2.1. "Camera" means a device that renders an image of the outside world and then converts this image into a signal (e.g. video signal).
2.1.2.2. "Monitor" means a device that converts a signal into images that are rendered into the visual spectrum.
2.1.3. "Other devices for indirect vision" means devices as defined in paragraph 2.1. above, where the field of vision is not obtained by means of a mirror or a camera-monitor device.
2.1.4. "Vision support system" means a system to enable the driver to detect and/or see objects in the area adjacent to the vehicle.
2.1.5. "Luminance contrast" means the brightness ratio between an object and its immediate background/surrounding that allows the object to be distinguished from its background/surroundings. The definition is in accordance with the definition given in ISO 9241-302:2008.
2.1.6. "Resolution" means the smallest detail that can be discerned with a perceptual system, i.e. perceived as separate from the larger whole. The resolution of the human eye is indicated as "visual acuity".
2.1.7. "Critical object" means a cylindrical object with a height of 0.50 m and a diameter of 0.30 m.
2.1.8. "Critical perception" means the level of perception that can just be obtained under critical conditions via the viewing system used. This corresponds to the situation in which the representative scale of the critical object is multiple times larger than the smallest detail that can be perceived via the viewing system.
2.1.9. "Field of vision" means the section of the tri-dimensional space which is monitored with the help of a device for indirect vision. Unless otherwise stated, this is based on the view on ground level offered by a device and/or devices other than mirrors. This may be limited by the relevant detection distance corresponding to the critical object.
2.1.10. "Detection distance" means the distance measured from the centre of the lens of the camera to the point at which a critical object can just be perceived (as defined by the critical perception).
2.1.11. "Visual spectrum" means light with a wavelength within the range of the perceptual limits of the human eyes: 380‑780 nm.
2.1.12. "Smear" is a bright line displayed on the monitor while sun light or light from other bright light sources is directly hitting into the lens of the camera.
2.1.13. Mirror and CMS dual function system" means a CMS of Class I in which a monitor complying with this regulation is placed behind a semi-transparent mirror complying with this regulation. The monitor is visible in the CMS mode.
2.2. "Type of device for indirect vision" means devices that do not differ on the following essential characteristics:
(a) Design of the device inclusive, if pertinent, the attachment to the bodywork;
(b) In the case of mirrors, the class, the shape, the dimensions and radius of curvature of the mirror's reflecting surface;
(c) In the case of camera-monitor systems, the class, the field of view, the magnification and resolution.
2.3. "Surveillance camera-monitor-recording device" means a camera and either a monitor or recording equipment other than the camera-monitor system defined in paragraph 2.1.2. above which can be fitted to the inside or outside of the vehicle in order to provide fields of vision other than those specified in paragraph 15.2.4. of this Regulation or to provide a security system within or around the vehicle.
2.4. "Class of device for indirect vision" means all devices having one or more common characteristics or functions. They are classified as follows:
2.4.1. Class I: "Rear-view device", giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.1.
2.4.2. Class II and III: "Main rear-view device", giving the fields of vision defined in paragraphs 15.2.4.2. and 15.2.4.3.
2.4.3. Class IV: "Wide-angle view device", giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.4.
2.4.4. Class V: "Close-proximity view device", giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.5.
2.4.5. Class VI: "Front-view device", giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.6.
2.4.6. Class VII: Main rear-view mirrors intended for L category vehicles with bodywork giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.7.
2.5. "Point light source detection factor - PLSDF" means the level of distinctness of a pair of point light sources, based on luminance intensities and horizontal and vertical dimension of the rendition on the monitor.
2.6. "Point light source contrast factor - PLSCF" means the level of distinctness of a pair of point light sources, based on luminance differences between the maximum luminance of the luminance profile LH,max and the minimum luminance of the luminance profile LH,min in the horizontal direction (see Figure 3 of Annex 12).
Application for approval
3.1. The application for approval of a type of device for indirect vision shall be submitted by the holder of the trade name or mark or by his duly accredited representative.
3.2. A model of information document is shown in Annex 1.
3.3. For each type of device for indirect vision the application shall be accompanied by three samples of the parts.
3.4. The CMS shall be provided by the applicant with the following documents:
(a) Technical specification of the CMS; and
(b) Operator's manual.
Markings
4.1. The samples of devices for indirect vision submitted for approval shall bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer; this marking shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
4.2. Every device for indirect vision shall possess, on at least one of the main components a space large enough to accommodate the approval mark, which shall be legible; this space shall be shown on the drawings referred to in Annex 1. The approval mark shall also be legible when the device is mounted on the vehicle with exception of camera-monitor devices as defined in paragraph 2.1.2. Other components of the device shall bear a means of identification. In the case of limited space for the approval mark(s), other means of identification that link it to the approval mark shall be provided.
Approval
5.1. If the samples submitted for approval meet the requirements of paragraph 6. of this Regulation, approval of the pertinent type of device for indirect vision shall be granted.
5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 04) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another type of device for indirect vision.
5.3. Notice of approval or of refusal or of extension or withdrawal of approval or of production definitively discontinued of a type of device for indirect vision pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 3 to this Regulation.
5.4. There shall be affixed, on at least one of the main components, conspicuously and in the space referred to in paragraph 4.2. above, to every device for indirect vision, conforming to a type approved under this Regulation, in addition to the mark prescribed in paragraph 4.1. above, an international approval mark consisting of:
5.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval;[5]
5.4.2. An approval number;
5.4.3. Additional symbol(s) I or II or/and III or/and IV or/and V or/and VI or/and VII, specifying the class to which the type of device for indirect vision belongs. The additional symbol shall be placed in any convenient position in the vicinity of the circle containing the letter "E".
5.5. The approval mark and the additional symbol(s) shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
5.6. Annex 5 to this Regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the aforesaid approval mark and additional symbol.
Requirements
6.1. Mirrors
6.1.1. General specifications
6.1.1.1. All mirrors shall be adjustable.
6.1.1.2. (a) Rear-view mirrors (Classes II to VII)
The edge of the reflecting surface shall be enclosed in a protective housing (holder, etc.) which, on its perimeter, shall have a value "c" greater than or equal to 2.5 mm at all points and in all directions. If the reflecting surface projects beyond the protective housing, the radius of curvature "c" on the edge of the projecting part shall be not less than 2.5 mm and the reflecting surface shall return into the protective housing under a force of 50 N applied to the point of greatest projection, relative to the protective housing, in a horizontal direction, approximately parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.
(b) Rear-view mirrors (Class I)
In cases, where the edge of the reflecting surface is enclosed in a protective housing (holder, etc.), the radius of curvature "c" on its perimeter shall be not less than 2.5 mm at all points and in all directions. In cases, where the edge of the reflecting surface projects beyond the protective housing, this requirement shall apply to the edge of the projecting part.
6.1.1.3. When the mirror is mounted on a plane surface, all parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device, including those parts remaining attached to the support after the test provided for in paragraph 6.3.2. below, which are in potential, static contact with a sphere either 165 mm in diameter in the case of a Class I mirror or 100 mm in diameter in the case of a Class II to VII mirror, shall have a radius of curvature 'c' of not less than 2.5 mm.
6.1.1.4. The requirements in paragraphs 6.1.1.2. and 6.1.1.3. above shall not apply to parts of the external surface which protrude less than 5 mm, but the outward facing angles of such parts shall be blunted, save where such parts protrude less than 1.5 mm. For determining the dimension of the projection, the following method shall apply:
6.1.1.4.1. The dimension of the projection of a component which is mounted on a convex surface may be determined either directly or by reference to a drawing of an appropriate section of this component in its installed condition.
6.1.1.4.2. If the dimension of the projection of a component which is mounted on a surface other than convex cannot be determined by simple measurement, it shall be determined by the maximum variation of the distance of the centre of a 100 mm diameter sphere from the nominal line of the panel when the sphere is moved over and is in constant contact with that component.
Figure 1 shows an example of the use of this procedure.
Figure 1
Example for the measurement by maximum variation
Figure 1 image showing an example for the measurement by maximum variation.
6.1.1.5. Edges of fixing holes or recesses of which the diameter or longest diagonal is less than 12 mm are exempt from the radius requirements of paragraph 6.1.1.3. above provided that they are blunted.
6.1.1.6. The device for the attachment of mirrors to the vehicle shall be so designed that a cylinder with a 70 mm radius (50 mm in the case of an L-category vehicle), having as its axis the axis, or one of the axes, of pivot or rotation which ensures deflection of the mirror in the direction of impact concerned, passes through at least part of the surface to which the device is attached.
6.1.1.7. The parts of Classes II to VII mirrors referred to in paragraphs 6.1.1.2. and 6.1.1.3. above which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness not exceeding 60 are exempt from the relevant provisions.
6.1.1.8. In the case of those parts of Class I mirrors which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of less than 50 and which are mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of paragraphs 6.1.1.2. and 6.1.1.3. above shall only apply to the support.
6.1.2. Special specifications
6.1.2.1. Dimensions
6.1.2.1.1. Rear-view mirrors (Class I)
The dimensions of the reflecting surface shall be such that it is possible to inscribe thereon a rectangle one side of which is 40 mm and the other 'a' mm in length, where
Equation for determining the minimum length a in millimetres of the rectangle that must be able to be inscribed on the reflecting surface of a Class I mirror, as a function of the radius of curvature of the reflecting surface.
and "r" is the radius of curvature.
6.1.2.1.2. Main rear-view mirrors (Classes II and III)
6.1.2.1.2.1. The dimensions of the reflecting surface shall be such that it is possible to inscribe therein:
(a) A rectangle 40 mm high the base length of which, measured in millimetres, has the value "a";
(b) A segment which is parallel to the height of the rectangle and the length of which, expressed in millimetres, has the value "b".
6.1.2.1.2.2. The minimum values of "a" and "b" are given in the table below:
Class of rear-view mirror
a [mm]
b [mm]
II
200
III
70
6.1.2.1.3. "Wide-angle" view mirrors (Class IV)
The contours of the reflecting surface shall be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that it provides, if necessary in conjunction with a Class II exterior mirror, the field of vision specified in paragraph 15.2.4.4. of this Regulation.
The contours of the reflecting surface shall be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that the mirror provides the field of vision specified in paragraph 15.2.4.5. of this Regulation.
6.1.2.1.5. Front-view mirrors (Class VI)
The contours of the reflecting surface shall be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that the mirror provides the field of vision specified in paragraph 15.2.4.6. of this Regulation.
6.1.2.1.6. Mirrors for category L vehicles with bodywork (Class VII)
6.1.2.1.6.1. "Main" rear-view mirrors (Class VII)
The minimum dimensions of the reflecting surface shall be such that:
(a) Its area shall not be less than 6,900 mm2;
(b) The diameter of circular mirrors shall not be less than 94 mm;
(c) Where rear-view mirrors are not circular, their dimensions shall enable a 78 mm-diameter circle to be prescribed on their reflecting surface.
The maximum dimensions of the reflecting surface shall be such that:
(a) The diameter of any circular rear-view mirror shall not be greater than 150 mm;
(b) The reflecting surface of any non-circular rear-view mirror shall lie within a rectangle measuring 120 mm x 200 mm.
6.1.2.2. Reflecting surface and coefficients of reflection
6.1.2.2.1. The reflecting surface of a mirror shall be either flat or convex. Exterior mirrors may be equipped with an additional aspherical part provided that the main mirror fulfils the requirements of the indirect field of vision.
6.1.2.2.2. Differences between the radii of curvature of mirrors
6.1.2.2.2.1. The difference between ri or r'i, and rp at each reference point shall not exceed 0.15 r.
6.1.2.2.2.2. The difference between any of the radii of curvature (rp1, rp2, and rp3) and r shall not exceed 0.15 r.
6.1.2.2.2.3. When r is not less than 3,000 mm, the value of 0.15 r quoted in paragraphs 6.1.2.2.2.1. and 6.1.2.2.2.2. above is replaced by 0.25 r.
6.1.2.2.3. Requirements for aspherical parts of mirrors
6.1.2.2.3.1. Aspherical mirrors shall be of sufficient size and shape to provide useful information to the driver. This normally means a minimum width of 30 mm at some point.
6.1.2.2.3.2. The radius of curvature ri of the aspherical part shall not be less than 150 mm.
6.1.2.2.4. Value of "r" for spherical mirrors shall not be less than:
6.1.2.2.4.1. 1,200 mm for rear-view mirrors (Class I);
6.1.2.2.4.2. 1,200 mm for Class II and III main rear-view mirrors;
6.1.2.2.4.3. 300 mm for "wide-angle" mirrors (Class IV) and "close-proximity" mirrors (Class V);
6.1.2.2.4.4. 200 mm for front mirrors (Class VI).
6.1.2.2.4.5. 1,000 mm or more than 1,500 mm for Class VII main rear-view mirrors.
6.1.2.2.5. The value of the normal coefficient of reflection, as determined according to the method described in Annex 6, shall be not less than 40 per cent.
In the case of reflecting surfaces with a changeable degree of reflection, the "day" position shall allow the colours of the signals used for road traffic to be recognized. The value of the normal coefficient of reflection in the "night" position shall be not less than 4 per cent.
6.1.2.2.6. The reflecting surface shall retain the characteristics laid down in paragraph 6.1.2.2.5. above in spite of prolonged exposure to adverse weather conditions in normal use.
6.2. Devices for indirect vision other than mirrors
6.2.1. General requirements
6.2.1.1. If adjustment by the user is needed, the device for indirect vision shall be adjustable without the use of tools.
6.2.1.2. If a device for indirect vision can only render the total prescribed field of vision by scanning the field of vision, the total process of scanning, rendering and reset to its initial position together shall not take more than 200 milliseconds at room temperature of 22 °C ± 5 °C.
6.2.1.3. The effectiveness of the CMS of Classes I to IV shall not be adversely affected by magnetic or electrical fields. This shall be demonstrated by compliance with the technical requirements and transitional provisions of Regulation No. 10, 04 series of amendments or any later series of amendments.
6.2.2. Camera-monitor systems
The requirements of paragraph 6.2.2.1. shall be considered to be satisfied in the case of monitors of a vehicle that fulfills the provisions of Regulation No. 21.
6.2.2.1. General requirements
6.2.2.1.1. When the devices of the camera-monitor system are mounted in the position recommended by the manufacturer for normal driving, all parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device which are in potential, static contact with a sphere either 165 mm in diameter in the case of a CMS or parts of CMS installed inside the vehicle or 100 mm in diameter in the case of a CMS or parts of CMS installed outside the vehicle, shall have a radius of curvature "c" of not less than 2.5 mm.
6.2.2.1.2. Edges of fixing holes or recesses of which the diameter or longest diagonal is less than 12 mm are exempt from the radius requirements of paragraph 6.2.2.1.1. above provided that they are blunted.
6.2.2.1.3. For parts of the camera and the monitor which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of less than 60 and which are mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of paragraph 6.2.2.1.1. above shall only apply to the support.
6.2.2.2. Functional requirements for camera-monitor devices of Classes V and VI
6.2.2.2.1. The camera shall function well in conditions in which sunlight falls on the camera. The saturated area, defined as the area in which the luminance contrast ratio (C=Lw/Lb) of a high contrast pattern falls below 2.0, shall not cover more than 15 per cent of the displayed image under the conditions of paragraphs 6.2.2.2.1.1. to 6.2.2.2.1.4. below.
In the case the camera system shows dynamical changes in the blooming area during the test the maximum blooming area shall fulfill the requirements.
6.2.2.2.1.1. A black and white test pattern, having a minimum contrast ratio of 20 shall be positioned in front of the camera.
The test pattern shall be evenly illuminated at an illumination of 3,000 ± 300 lx.
The test pattern shall be medium gray on average and cover the complete area viewed by the camera; the camera shall view no other objects than the test pattern.
6.2.2.2.1.2. The camera shall be hit by a (simulated sun) light of 40 klx, spanning an angle between 0.6 and 0.9° with an elevation angle of 10° (directly or indirectly via a mirror) removed from the optical axis of the sensor.
The light source shall:
(a) Have a spectrum D65 with a tolerance of ±1,500 K;
(b) Be homogeneous in space and time within a tolerance of 2 klx.
The emission of the light source in infrared shall be negligible.
6.2.2.2.1.3. There shall be no ambient illumination of the monitor during the test.
6.2.2.2.1.4. An example of the set-up is given in the Figure A below.
Figure A
Diagram of the blooming measurement set-up
Figure A diagram of the blooming measurement setup.
1: Black and white test pattern.
2: Lamps to make the test pattern evenly illuminated.
3: Mirror.
4: High intensity light.
5: Camera.
6: Monitor.
6.2.2.2.2. The monitor shall render a minimum contrast under various light conditions as specified by ISO 15008:2003.
6.2.2.2.3. It shall be possible to adjust the average luminance of the monitor either manually or automatically to the ambient conditions.
6.2.2.2.4. The measurements for the luminance contrast of the monitor shall be carried out according to ISO 15008:2009.
6.2.2.3. Functional requirements for camera-monitor devices of Classes I to IV (see Annex 12).
Unless otherwise specified in this Regulation, the definitions and symbols used in paragraph 6.2.2.3. are in accordance with ISO 16505:2015,
Chapters 3 and 4.
Unless otherwise specified in this Regulation, the requirements given in paragraph 6.2.2.3. shall be verified according to the test procedures given in ISO 16505:2015, Chapter 7, where available.
6.2.2.3.1. Luminance adjustment
It shall be possible to adjust the average luminance of the monitor either manually or automatically to the ambient conditions.
If the system is not operational (e.g. CMS failure), it shall be indicated to the driver by i.e. warning indication, display information, absence of status indicator. The operator's manual shall explain the information indicated.
6.2.2.3.3. Image quality
6.2.2.3.3.1. Monitor isotropy
The monitor shall conform to optical requirements over the range of viewing directions that is specified in the following paragraphs.
6.2.2.3.3.1.1. Directional uniformity
When driven by an artificial 70 per cent grey-scale image, the deviation of the monitor luminance from the luminance white level with specific viewing direction (Ɵ, ϕ) = (Ɵmonitor/D, ϕ monitor/D) shall be such that the ratio relative to the luminance white level for the same specific viewing direction L(Ɵmonitor/D, ϕ monitor/D) does not exceed 35 per cent of the luminance white level for the monitor standard isotropy range and shall not exceed 50 per cent of the luminance white level for the monitor extended isotropy range.
For the standard isotropy range:
Mathematical condition for the standard isotropy range.,
for points i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 as defined in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Measurement directions for standard isotropy range
Direction i
horizontal/degree
vertical/degree
1
-7
+6
2
0
+6
3
+7
+6
4
-7
0
5
N/A
N/A
6
+7
0
7
-7
-6
8
0
-6
9
+7
-6
For the extended isotropy range:
Mathematical condition for the extended isotropy range.,
for points i' = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 as defined in Table 2 below.
Table 2
Measurement directions for extended isotropy range
Direction i'
horizontal/ degree
vertical/degree
1
-12
+11
2
0
+11
3
+12
+11
4
-12
0
5
N/A
N/A
6
+12
0
7
-12
-11
8
0
-11
9
+12
-11
6.2.2.3.3.1.2. Lateral uniformity
The luminance white lateral dependency shall satisfy:
Mathematical condition for the luminance white lateral dependency.,
for points j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 as defined in Table 3 below, where (Ɵ, ϕ) = (0, 0).
Table 3
Measurement points for the lateral uniformity
Point j
Percentage ofWmonitor/horizontalfrom top left corner
Percentage ofHmonitor/horizontalfrom top left corner
1
20
20
2
50
20
3
80
20
4
20
50
5
50
50
6
80
50
7
20
80
8
50
80
9
80
80
6.2.2.3.3.2. Luminance and contrast rendering
For luminance and contrast rendering the following requirements shall apply:
(a) The minimum luminance contrast at the monitor (including any screen protector) reproducing a high contrast pattern shall be:
(i) For direct sunlight condition: 2:1;
(ii) For day condition with diffuse ambient light: 3:1;
(iii) For sunset condition: 2:1;
(iv) For night condition: 10:1 except in the case of Mirror and CMS dual function system of class I: 5:1.
(b) The night condition for the camera's field of view is replicated in a dark environment such that the maximum illuminance on the objects to be measured shall not exceed 2.0 lx;
(c) The background luminance of the monitor shall be limited under the night condition. The maximum background luminance under the night condition shall be less than 2.0 cd/m²;
(d) The instructions for use shall contain a note that sunlight or light from other intense light source upon the monitor reduces the luminance contrast which may require the driver to be particularly alert and attentive.
6.2.2.3.3.2.1. Day condition with diffuse sky-light exposure test
For the day condition with diffuse sky-light exposure, the test method given in ISO 16505:2015, subclause 7.8.2., Test 2 shall be applied, but a value of 4,000 to 4,200 cd/m2 for luminance diffuse illuminator shall be used.
At the request of the manufacturer, the value for luminance diffuse illuminator may be determined by using the diagram of figure below.
Image graphing luminance of diffuse illuminator on the y-axis and the ratio of projected area leaving the vehicle on the x-axis.
Ratio of projected area vs. luminance of the diffuse illuminator
Procedure for determining the ration of the projected area leaving the vehicle:
(a) Determine the projected area in the vehicle that represents the mirror reflected direction from the monitor extended isotropy range.
(b) Evaluation shall be made in the centre of the monitor defined size, under consideration of the monitor design viewing direction (see figure below).
Image showing the monitor defined size, normal line of monitor surface, extended isotropy range, and mirrored pyramid of the extended isotropy range.
This projected area represents the 100 per cent of the surface to be considered.
Based on virtual testing, evaluate the ratio of the projected area that leaves the vehicle openings (e.g. through a side door window, rear window or sunroof; however, for example a sunroof having an opaque shutter shall not be considered an opening).
Case when the orientation of the mirror and CMS dual function system of Class I is adjustable:
Based on virtual testing, if the applicant demonstrates that the Mirror and CMS dual function system of Class I adjustment range permits a driver to avoid any incident specular light from the vehicle opening while a driver's eye is within any fixed position of the standard isotropy range, then the value for luminance diffuse illuminator shall be the one of ISO 16505:2015 subclause 7.8.2., Test 2: 1,300 to 1,500 cd/m².
6.2.2.3.3.3. Grey scale rendering
A CMS shall have a sufficient grey scale rendering. CMS shall display a tonal range of at least eight distinguishable different grey tonal steps on the monitor.
For the grey scale rendering, the test method of paragraph 1.4. of Annex 12 shall be applied.
6.2.2.3.3.4. Colour rendering
For colour rendering, the hue angle of reproduced colour of the chart patches on the monitor shall satisfy the following requirements. The colour coordinates are described based in the CIE 1976 uniform colour space:
(a) Red colour coordinates shall not exceed the range of (0°, 44.8°) or (332.2°, 360°);
(b) Green colour coordinates shall not exceed the range of (96.6°, 179.9°);
(c) Blue colour coordinates shall not exceed the range of (209.9°, 302.2°);
(d) Yellow colour coordinates shall not exceed the range of (44.8°, 96.6°);
(e) To distinguish from the white colour, define distance from white as
Ri ≥ 0.02, where Ri is the chromatic distance of each colour patch
(i = Red, Green, Blue, Yellow), relative to white (i = White).
Figure B shows an illustrative tolerance range described on CIE 1976 uniform colour space.
Figure B
Figure B showing an illustrative tolerance range described on CIE 1976 uniform colour space.
Amber, blue and red light signals shall be distinguishable from each other.
6.2.2.3.3.5. Artefacts
The operator's manual shall refer to possible artefacts and their impact on the partial occlusion of the field of view and of the objects which may require the driver to be particularly alert and attentive.
6.2.2.3.3.5.1. Smear
Smear shall be transparent and not be more than 10 per cent of the maximum luminance value of the displayed glare source luminance level, which causes smear effect.
6.2.2.3.3.5.2. Blooming and lens flare
The total area of disturbing blooming and lens flare areas shall not cover more than 25 per cent of the displayed camera image.
6.2.2.3.3.5.3. Point light sources
The CMS shall have an operation mode in which the driver of the vehicle equipped with CMS can recognize two point light sources (e.g. passing beam headlights) rendered as two distinguishable separate point light sources.
In this operation mode, a set of two point light sources corresponding to a vehicle passing beam headlamp each having a reference luminous intensity 1,750 cd and being separated each other laterally by 1.3 m and located at a distance of 250 m away from the CMS shall be distinguishable as two point light source. This requirement is applicable to Class I, Class II and Class III devices for indirect vision.
The point light source detection factor (PLSDF) shall be at least 2.7 or the point light source contrast factor (PLSCF) shall be at least 0.12, whichever is satisfied by the CMS test under the conditions and the test procedure described in Annex 12, paragraph 1.3.
If the system is in a mode where point light sources are not rendered as described above, this shall be indicated to the driver. The information indicated shall be explained in the operator's manual.
6.2.2.3.3.6. Sharpness and depth of field
6.2.2.3.3.6.1. Sharpness
The sharpness is represented by the MTF50(1:1) and it shall satisfy:
(a) Horizontal and vertical MTF50(1:1) at center
A formula to express the minimum horizontal and vertical image sharpness at the centre of camera-monitor devices of Classes I to IV.
(b) Horizontal and vertical MTF50(1:1) at corners (70 per cent of image height)
A formula to express the minimum horizontal and vertical image sharpness at the corners of camera-monitor devices of Classes I to IV. The corners are defined as 70% of image height.
6.2.2.3.3.6.2. Depth of field
The CMS shall enable the driver to observe the occupied space by the object and perceive the content shown within the range of interest with detailed resolution. The MTF10(1:1), when measured at different distances to the object, shall satisfy at least the minimum resolution for the following points:
(a) Resolution at point 1 (10 m as representative point for infinity) and point 2 (middle distance at 6 m)
A formula to express the minimum image resolution of camera-monitor devices of Classes I to IV, when measured at the two specified distances to the object.
(b) Resolution at point 3 (Close distance at 4 meters)
A formula to express the minimum image resolution of camera-monitor devices of Classes I to IV, when measured at the specified close distance to the object.
6.2.2.3.3.7. Geometric distortion
For CMS of Classes I, II and III the maximum distortion within the minimum required field of view shall not exceed 20 per cent relative to recto-linear or pinhole projection.
This performance shall be tested according to the method given in ISO 16505:2015, Annex G.3.
6.2.2.3.3.8. Further image quality requirements
6.2.2.3.3.8.1. Flicker
The entire image area of the monitor shall be free of flicker according to the test method of Annex 12, paragraph 1.2.
6.2.2.3.4. Time behaviour
6.2.2.3.4.1. Frame rate
Movements of objects in front of the camera shall be rendered smooth and fluid. The minimum frame rate of the system (update rate of the image information) shall be at least 30 Hz. At low light conditions or while maneuvering at low speed, the minimum frame rate of the system (i.e. update rate of the image information) shall be at least 15 Hz.
6.2.2.3.4.2. Image formation time
The image formation time of the monitor shall be less than 55 ms at a temperature of 22 °C ± 5 °C.
This performance shall be tested according to the method given in
ISO 9241-305:2008.
6.2.2.3.4.3. System latency
A CMS shall have a sufficient short latency to render the scenery nearly at the same time. The latency shall be lower than 200 ms at room temperature 22 °C ± 5 °C.
6.2.2.3.5. Quality and further ergonomic requirements
6.2.2.3.5.1. Glare due to high luminance of the monitor
In order to avoid glare from a high luminance of the monitor, the luminance shall be dimmable in the night condition either manually or automatically.
6.2.3. Other devices for indirect vision
It has to be proved that the device meets the following requirements:
6.2.3.1. The device shall perceive the visual spectrum and shall always render this image without the need for interpretation into the visual spectrum.
6.2.3.2. The functionality shall be guaranteed under the circumstances of use in which the system shall be put into service. Depending on the technology used in obtaining images and presenting them paragraph 6.2.2.2. above shall be entirely or partly applicable. In other cases this can be achieved by establishing and demonstrating by means of system sensitivity analogous to paragraph 6.2.2.2. above that a function is ensured that is comparable to or better than what is required for and by demonstrating that a functionality is guaranteed that is equivalent or better than that required for mirror- or camera-monitor type devices for indirect vision.
6.3. Test
The requirements of paragraph 6.3. shall be considered to be satisfied in the case of monitors of a vehicle fulfilling the provisions of Regulation No. 21.
6.3.1. Devices for indirect vision in Classes I to VI and Class VII mirrors (having fitments identical to Class III) shall be subjected to the tests described in paragraphs 6.3.2.1. and 6.3.2.2. below. Class VII mirrors with a stem, shall be subjected to the tests described in paragraph 6.3.2.3. below.
6.3.1.1. The test provided for in paragraph 6.3.2. below shall not be required in the case of any Class II to IV exterior device for indirect vision of which no part is less than 2 m from the ground, regardless of the adjustment position, when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its maximum technically permissible mass.
This derogation also applies to the attachments of devices for indirect vision (attachment plates, arms, swivel joints, etc.) which are situated less than 2 m from the ground and which do not project beyond the overall width of the vehicle, measured in the transverse plane passing through the lowest mirror attachments or any other point forward of this plane if this configuration produces a greater overall width.
In such cases, a description specifying that the device for indirect vision shall be mounted so as to conform to the above-mentioned conditions for the positioning of its attachments on the vehicle shall be provided.
Where advantage is taken of this derogation, the arm shall be indelibly marked with the symbol
Greater than 2 m height symbol used to mark mirrors taking advantage of the derogation from the pendulum impact test requirements.
and the type approval certificate shall be endorsed to this effect.
6.3.2. Impact test
The test according to this paragraph is not to be carried out for devices integrated in the bodywork of the vehicle and providing a frontal deflecting area of an angle not more than 45° measured in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, or devices not protruding more than 100 mm measured beyond the circumscribing bodywork of the vehicle according to Regulation No. 26.
6.3.2.1. Description of the test rig
6.3.2.1.1. The test rig consists of a pendulum capable of swinging about two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, one of which is perpendicular to the plane containing the "release" trajectory of the pendulum.
The end of the pendulum comprises a hammer formed by a rigid sphere with a diameter of 165 ± 1 mm having a 5 mm thick rubber covering of Shore A hardness 50.
A device is provided which permits determination of the maximum angle assumed by the arm in the plane of release.
A support firmly fixed to the structure of the pendulum serves to hold the specimens in compliance with the impact requirements specified in paragraph 6.1.3.2.2.6. below.
Figure 1 below gives the dimensions (in mm) of the test rig and the special design specifications:
Figure 1
Figure 1 showing two different views of the test rig used for the impact test, with dimensions given in millimetres.
6.3.2.1.2. The centre of percussion of the pendulum coincides with the centre of the sphere, which forms the hammer. It is at a distance l from the axis of oscillation in the release plane, which is equal to 1 m ± 5 mm. The reduced mass of the pendulum is mo = 6.8 ± 0.05 kilograms. The relationship of mo to the total mass m of the pendulum and to the distance d between the centre of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation is expressed in the equation:
Equation showing the relationship of mo to the total mass m of the pendulum and to the distance d between the centre of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation.
6.3.2.2. Description of the test
6.3.2.2.1. The procedure used to clamp the device for indirect vision to the support shall be that recommended by the manufacturer of the device or, where appropriate, by the vehicle manufacturer.
6.3.2.2.2. Positioning of the device for indirect vision for the test
6.3.2.2.2.1. Devices for indirect vision shall be positioned on the pendulum impact rig in such a way that the axes which are horizontal and vertical when the mirror is installed on a vehicle in accordance with the applicant's mounting instructions are in a similar position;
6.3.2.2.2.2. When a device for indirect vision is adjustable with respect to the base, the test position shall be that in which any pivoting device is least likely to operate, within the limits of adjustment provided by the applicant;
6.3.2.2.2.3. When the device for indirect vision has a device for adjusting its distance from the base, the device shall be set in the position in which the distance between the housing and the base is shortest;
6.3.2.2.2.4. In the case of mirrors, when the reflecting surface is mobile in the housing, it shall be so adjusted that the upper corner, which is furthest from the vehicle, is in the position of greatest projection relative to the housing.
6.3.2.2.3. In the case of mirrors, except in the case of test 2 for Class I mirrors (see paragraph 6.3.2.2.7.1. below), when the pendulum is in a vertical position the horizontal and longitudinal vertical planes passing through the centre of the hammer shall pass through the centre of the reflecting surface as defined in paragraph 2.1.1.10. of this Regulation. The longitudinal direction of oscillation of the pendulum shall be parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.
6.3.2.2.4. In the case of camera-monitor systems, when the pendulum is in a vertical position the horizontal and longitudinal vertical planes passing through the centre of the hammer shall pass through the centre of the lens or of the transparent protection part protecting the lens. The longitudinal direction of oscillation of the pendulum shall be parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. If the test is performed with a shutter camera system, the shutter has to be open during the pendulum impact.
6.3.2.2.5. When, under the conditions governing adjustment laid down in paragraphs 6.3.2.2.1. and 6.3.2.2.2. above parts of the device for indirect vision limit the return of the hammer, the point of impact shall be displaced in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation or pivoting in question.
The displacement shall be no greater than is strictly necessary for the execution of the test; it shall be limited in such a way that:
(a) Either the sphere delimiting the hammer remains at least tangential to the cylinder as defined in paragraph 6.1.1.6.;
(b) Or, in the case of mirrors, the point of contact with the hammer is located at least 10 mm from the periphery of the reflecting surface.
6.3.2.2.6. The test consists in allowing the hammer to fall from a height corresponding to a pendulum angle of 60° from the vertical so that the hammer strikes the device for indirect vision at the moment when the pendulum reaches the vertical position.
6.3.2.2.7. The devices for indirect vision are subjected to impact under the following different conditions:
6.3.2.2.7.1. Class I rear-view mirrors
(a) Test 1: The points of impact shall be as defined in paragraph 6.3.2.2.3. above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the mirror on the reflecting surface side.
(b) Test 2: Point of impact on the edge of the protective housing, such that the impact produced makes an angle of 45° with the plane of the reflecting surface and is situated in the horizontal plane passing through the centre of that surface. The impact shall occur on the reflecting surface side.
6.3.2.2.7.2. Classes II to VII mirrors
(a) Test 1: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 6.3.2.2.3. or 6.3.2.2.5. above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the mirror on the reflecting surface side.
(b) Test 2: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 6.3.2.2.3. or 6.3.2.2.5. above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the mirror on the side opposite to the reflecting surface.
Where Class II or III rear-view mirrors are fixed to the same mounting as Class IV rear-view mirrors, the above-mentioned tests shall be executed on the lower mirror. Nevertheless, the Technical Service responsible for testing may repeat one or both of these tests on the upper mirror if this is less than 2 m from the ground.
6.3.2.2.7.3. Camera-Monitor Systems
(a) Test 1: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 6.3.2.2.4. or 6.3.2.2.5. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the camera on the lens side.
(b) Test 2: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 6.3.2.2.4. or 6.3.2.2.5. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the camera on the side opposite to the lens.
Where more than one camera is fixed to the same mounting, the above-mentioned tests shall be executed on the lower camera. Nevertheless, the Technical Service responsible for testing may repeat one or both of these tests on the upper camera if this is less than 2 m from the ground.
6.3.2.3. Bending test on the protective housing attached to the stem (Class VII)
6.3.2.3.1. Description of test
The protective housing is placed horizontally in a device in such a way that it is possible to lock the attachment support adjusters firmly. In the direction of the largest dimension of the housing, the end closest to the point of attachment on the adjuster for the support shall be immobilized by a 15 mm-wide rigid stop covering the entire width of the housing.
At the other end, a stop identical to the one described above is placed on the housing so that the specified test load can be applied to it (Figure 2).
The end of the housing opposite to that where the force is exerted may be locked rather than held in position as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
Example of rear-view mirror bending-test rig
Figure 2 image showing an example of a rear-view mirror bending test rig.
6.3.2.3.2. The test loading shall be 25 kilograms and shall be maintained for one minute.
6.3.3. Results of the tests
6.3.3.1. In the tests described in paragraph 6.3.2. above, the pendulum shall continue to swing after impact in such a way that the projection of the position assumed by the arm on the plane of release makes an angle of at least 20° with the vertical. The accuracy of measurement of the angle shall be within ±1°.
6.3.3.1.1. In the case of mirrors, this requirement is not applicable to mirrors stuck to the windscreen, in respect of which the requirement stipulated in paragraph 6.3.3.2. shall apply after the test.
6.3.3.1.2. The required angle to the vertical is reduced from 20° to 10° for all Class II and Class IV devices for indirect vision and for Class III devices for indirect vision which are attached to the same mounting as Class IV devices for indirect vision.
6.3.3.2. In the case of mirrors, should the mounting of the mirror break during the tests described in paragraph 6.3.2. above for mirrors stuck to the windscreen, the part remaining shall not project beyond the base by more than 10 mm and the configuration remaining after the test shall satisfy the conditions laid down in paragraph 6.1.1.3. of this Regulation.
6.3.3.3. The reflecting surface shall not break during the tests described in paragraph 6.3.2. However, breakage of the reflecting surface will be allowed if one of the following conditions is fulfilled.
6.3.3.3.1. The fragments of glass still adhere to the back of the housing or to a surface firmly attached to the housing; partial separation of the glass from its backing is admissible provided that this does not exceed 2.5 mm on either side of the cracks. It is permissible for small splinters to become detached from the surface of the glass at the point of impact;
6.3.3.3.2. The reflecting surface is made of safety glass.
6.3.3.4. In the case of camera-monitor systems, the lens shall not break during the tests described in paragraph 6.3.2. above.
Modification of the type of device for indirect vision and extension of approval
7.1. Every modification to an existing type of device for indirect vision including its connection to the bodywork shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority which approved the type of device for indirect vision. The Type Approval Authority shall then either:
(a) Decide, in consultation with the manufacturer, that a new type-approval is to be granted; or
(b) Apply the procedure contained in paragraph 7.1.1. (Revision) and, if applicable, the procedure contained in paragraph 7.1.2. (Extension).
7.1.1. Revision
When particulars recorded in the information folder have changed and the Type Approval Authority considers that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the device for indirect vision still complies with the requirements, the modification shall be designated a "revision".
In such a case, the Type Approval Authority shall issue the revised pages of the information folder as necessary, marking each revised page to show clearly the nature of the modification and the date of re-issue. A consolidated, updated version of the information folder, accompanied by a detailed description of the modification, shall be deemed to meet this requirement.
7.1.2. Extension
The modification shall be designated an "extension" if, in addition to the change of the particulars recorded in the information folder;
(a) Further inspections or tests are required; or
(b) Any information on the communication document (with the exception of its attachments) has changed; or
(c) Approval to a later series of amendments is requested after its entry into force.
7.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 5.3. above to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation. In addition, the index to the information package, attached to the communication document, shall be amended accordingly to show the date of the most recent revision or extension.
7.3. (Reserved)
7.4. The Type Approval Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number to each communication form drawn up for such an extension.
Conformity of production
8.1. The conformity of production procedure shall conform to the general provisions defined in Article 2 and Schedule 1 to the Agreement (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3).
8.2. Every device for indirect vision approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set out in paragraph 6. above.
Penalties for non‑conformity of production
9.1. The approval granted in respect of a type of device for indirect vision pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in paragraph 8.1. above is not complied with or if the type of device for indirect vision did not satisfy the requirements prescribed in paragraph 8.2. above.
9.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement which applies this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a copy of the communication form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation "APPROVAL WITHDRAWN".
Production definitively discontinued
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of device for indirect vision approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the Type Approval Authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication, the Authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a copy of the approval form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation "PRODUCTION DISCONTINUED".
Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities
The Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.
II. Installation of devices for indirect vision
Definitions
For the purpose of this Regulation:
12.1. "The driver's ocular points" means two points 65 mm apart and 635 mm vertically above point R of the driver's seat as defined in Annex 8. The straight line joining these points runs perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. The centre of the segment joining the two ocular points is in a vertical longitudinal plane which shall pass through the centre of the driver's designated seating position, as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
12.2. "Ambinocular vision" means the total field of vision obtained by the superimposition of the monocular fields of the right eye and the left eye (see Figure 3 below).
Figure 3
Figure 3 showing the total field of vision or ambinocular vision obtained by the superimposition of the monocular fields of the right eye and the left eye.
12.3. "Type of vehicle as regards indirect vision" means motor vehicles which are identical in respect of the following basic features:
12.3.1. Type of device for indirect vision;
12.3.2. The bodywork features which reduce the field of vision;
12.3.3. The coordinates of point R (where applicable);
12.3.4. The prescribed positions, and type-approval markings of compulsory and (if fitted) optional devices for indirect vision.
12.4. "Vehicles of categories L2, L5, M1, M2, M3, N1, N2 and N3" means those defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), (document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.4, para. 2).
12.5. "Forward control" means a configuration in which more than half of the engine length is rearward of the foremost point of the windshield base and the steering wheel hub in the forward quarter of the vehicle length.
12.6. "Ocular reference point" means the middle point between the driver's ocular points.
Application for approval
13.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the installation of devices for indirect vision shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.
13.2. A model of information document is shown in Annex 2.
13.3. A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the Technical Service responsible for conducting the approval tests.
13.4. The Type Approval Authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective checks on conformity of production before type‑approval is granted.
13.5. The CMS shall be provided by the applicant with the following documents:
Technical specification of the CMS;
Operator's manual;
Documentation referred to in Annex 12, paragraph 2.3.;
Documentation referred to in paragraph 16.1.1.1.1., if applicable.
Approval
14.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval in accordance with paragraph 13. above meets the requirements of paragraph 15. of this Regulation, approval shall be granted.
14.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 04) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent or technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another vehicle type.
14.3. Notice of approval or of refusal or of extension or withdrawal of approval of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 4 to this Regulation.
Requirements
15.1. General
15.1.1. The compulsory and optional devices for indirect vision, set out in the table under paragraph 15.2.1.1.1. below, installed on the vehicle shall be of a type approved under this Regulation.
15.1.2. Devices for indirect vision shall be fitted in such a way that the devices do not move so as significantly to change the field of vision as measured or vibrate to an extent which would cause the driver to misinterpret the nature of the image perceived.
15.1.3. The conditions laid down in paragraph 15.1.2. above shall be maintained when the vehicle is moving at speeds of up to 80 per cent of its maximum design speed, but not exceeding 150 km/h.
15.1.4. The fields of vision defined below shall be established using ambinocular vision, the eyes being at the "driver's ocular points" as defined in paragraph 12.1. above. The fields of vision shall be determined when the vehicle is in running order as defined in the consolidated Resolution on the Construction of vehicles (R.E.3) (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.4, para. 2.2.5.4.), plus for M1 and N1 vehicles one front seat passenger (75 kg). When established through windows, the glazing shall have a total light transmission factor in accordance with Regulation No. 43, Annex 21.
15.2. Devices for indirect vision
15.2.1. Number
15.2.1.1. Minimum number of compulsory devices for indirect vision
15.2.1.1.1. The fields of vision prescribed in paragraph 15.2.4. below shall be obtained from the minimum number of mandatory mirrors or camera-monitor devices set out in the following table.
A minimum number of camera-monitor systems is undefined, but they shall provide the same field of vision as given in the table below and the provision on the minimum mounting height does not apply.
In the case of camera-monitor systems, the maximum number of monitors shall not exceed the corresponding number of mirrors.
15.2.1.1.2. In the case a camera-monitor system is used for rendering (the) field(s) of vision, the relevant field(s) of vision shall be permanently visible to the driver when the ignition is on or the vehicle master control switch is activated (whichever is applicable) and not used for other information. However, when the vehicle is moving forward at a speed above 10 km/h or backwards, the monitor or the part of the monitor intended for rendering the Class VI field of vision may be used for other information. Multiple images may be used or displayed provided that the monitor has been approved in this mode.
15.2.1.1.3. Rear-view mirrors required for L-category vehicles with body work
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-left:118.85pt; border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style="width:74.2pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p style="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:4pt; line-height:10pt"><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">Category of vehicle</span></p></td><td style="width:74.25pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:4pt; line-height:10pt"><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">Rear-view Class I</span></p></td><td style="width:138.05pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:4pt; line-height:10pt"><span style="font-size:8pt; font-style:italic">Main rear-view Classes III and VII</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:74.2pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:4pt"><span>L category motor vehicles fitted with bodywork which partly or wholly encloses the driver</span></p></td><td style="width:74.25pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:6pt"><span>1</span><span style="font-size:6.67pt; vertical-align:super">1</span></p></td><td style="width:138.05pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:6pt"><span>1, if there is a Class I rear-view mirror;</span></p><p style="margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:6pt"><span>2, if there is not a Class I rear-view mirror</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:308.1pt; border-top:1.5pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p><span style="font-size:6pt; letter-spacing:-0.1pt; vertical-align:super">1</span><span style="font-size:9pt; letter-spacing:-0.1pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt; letter-spacing:-0.1pt">No rear-view mirror Class I is required if the visibility conditions referred to in paragraph 15.2.5.4.1. below cannot be met. In this case two Class III or VII rear-view mirrors</span><span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-size:9pt; letter-spacing:-0.1pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt; letter-spacing:-0.1pt">are required, one giving the view on the left and one giving the view on the right hand side of the vehicle.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Where a single Class III or VII rear-view mirror is fitted this shall be located on the left hand side of the vehicle in those countries where the traffic drives on the right and on the right hand side of the vehicle in those countries where the traffic drives on the left.