Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 – Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006

This Australian Design Rule (ADR 14/01 , Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 sets technical and installation requirements for rear‑vision mirrors fitted to motor vehicles that fall within the Australian ADR vehicle category system. The Standard states its function as “to specify requirements for rear vision mirrors to provide the driver with a clear and reasonably unobstructed view to the rear” (Scope). It is a national standard for the purposes of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Scope; 0.1.1-0.3.1), and it repeals earlier ADR instruments of the same name made under s 7 of that Act (0.3.1-0.3.2).

Mechanically, the Rule prescribes: mirror types by vehicle group (flat, convex, prismatic), minimum optical performance (reflectance), field‑of‑view geometry for internal and external mirrors, mounting and breakaway behaviour where mirrors intrude into the head impact area, minimum reflective surface areas for some vehicle groups, permitted projection limits and collapsing requirements for larger vehicles, and laboratory test procedures for reflectance and curvature. Key examples: internal rear‑vision mirrors for MA/MB/MC/MD1 vehicles must have a flat reflecting surface, i.e. unit magnification (14.2.0); reflectance must be at least 35 percent (14.2.4.1); convex mirrors used to meet passenger‑side requirements must have an average radius of curvature not less than 1,200 mm and radii that do not deviate by more than ±15 percent from the average as measured by the Appendix A procedure (14.2.4.2.1-2; Appendix A S12); reflectance testing follows SAE J964a (August 1974) (14.2.5.1).

The Rule is applied by vehicle category according to a detailed applicability table included in the instrument (Applicability and Implementation). The table lists category codes (MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2, MD3, MD4, ME, NA, NB, NC, TA-TD, L‑group etc), relevant dates from which the ADR applies to new vehicles, and “Acceptable Prior Rules” that will be deemed to provide compliance in certain circumstances (Applicability table; Applicability paragraph). The ADR explicitly accepts certain alternative international technical standards as equivalent (ECE R46 and R81), subject to specified exceptions (14.7.1-3).

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Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/0114/01 – Rear Vision MirrorsRear Vision Mirrors) 20062006

Compilation: 1 (up to and including Amendment 11)

Compilation Date: 13/12/2006

Compiled by: Vehicle Safety Standards, Department of Transport and Regional Services.

CONTENTS

legislative provisions..............................................

SCOPE

APPLICABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION................................

14.1. DEFINITIONS...................................................

14.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR MA; MB; MC; AND MD1 VEHICLES ONLY

14.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORY NA AND MD2 ONLY

14.4. REQUIREMENTS FOR MD3; MD4; ME; NB; AND NC VEHICLES ONLY

14.5. REQUIREMENTS FOR L-GROUP VEHICLES ONLY

14.6. ADDITIONAL EXTERNAL REAR VISION mirrors....................

14.7. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS.....................................

APPENDIX A..........................................................

NOTES ...............................................................

legislative provisions

0.1. NAME OF STANDARD

0.1.1. This Standard is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 – Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006.

0.1.2. This Standard may also be cited as Australian Design Rule 14/01 — Rear Vision Mirrors.

0.2. COMMENCEMENT

0.2.1. This Standard commences on the day after it is registered.

0.3. REPEAL

0.3.1. This Standard repeals each vehicle standard with the name Australian Design Rule 14/01 — Rear Vision Mirrors that is:

(a) made under section 7 of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989; and

(b) in force at the commencement of this Standard.

0.3.2. This Standard also repeals each instrument made under section 7 of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 that creates a vehicle standard with the name Australian Design Rule 14/01 — Rear Vision Mirrors, if there are no other vehicle standards created by that instrument, or amendments to vehicle standards made by that instrument, that are still in force at the commencement of this Standard.

SCOPE

This Australian Design Rule (ADR) is part of the Australian motor vehicle standards system and is a national standard for the purposes of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989.

The function of this Australian Design Rule is to specify requirements for rear vision mirrors to provide the driver with a clear and reasonably unobstructed view to the rear.

APPLICABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION

This ADR applies to the design and construction of vehicles as set out in the table hereunder.

The /00 Rule differs from the /00 Rule in that it permits 'Convex Mirrors' on the passenger's side and an additional 'Convex Mirror' on the driver's side of all vehicles. It also updates the SAE Test Procedure J964 to the J964a August 1974 version.

The Package 17 amends Appendix A S12.5 by deleting the table and replacing with a formula.

Provided that they were tested to the updated SAE test procedure; and meet the curvature specifications, vehicles certified to the requirements of any of the 'Acceptable Prior Rules’ as shown below in the Applicability Table are deemed to comply with this Rule.

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:0.75pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:bottom"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Vehicle Ca</span><span style="font-weight:bold">t</span><span style="font-weight:bold">egory</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:bottom"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">ADR Category Code</span><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span><a id="_ftnref1"></a><a href="#_ftn1" style="text-decoration:none"><span class="FootnoteReference" style="font-size:6.67pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000">[*]</span></a></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:bottom"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">UNECE Category Code</span><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span><span style="font-size:6.67pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:super">*</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:bottom"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Manufactured on or After</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:bottom"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Acceptable Prior Rules</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Moped 2 wheels</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>LA</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>L1</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 March 1991</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><a id="OLE_LINK1"><span>/00</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Moped 3 wheels</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>LB</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>L2</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 March 1991</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Motor cycle</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>LC</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>L3</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 March 1991</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Motor cycle and sidecar</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>LD</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>L4</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 March 1991</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Motor tricycle</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>LE</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>L5</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 March 1991</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Passenger car</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>MA</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>M1</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 Jan 1991</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Forward-control passenger vehicle</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>MB</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>M</span><span>1</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 Jan 1991</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Off-road passenger vehicle</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>MC</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>M</span><span>1</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 Jan 1991</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Light omnibus</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>MD</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>M</span><span>2</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:3.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:151.2pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>u</span><span>p to 3.5 tonnes ‘</span><span style="font-style:italic">GVM</span><span style="font-style:italic">’</span><span> and up to 12 seats</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span><span>MD1</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:3.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:151.2pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>u</span><span>p to 3.5 tonnes </span><span style="font-style:italic">‘</span><span style="font-style:italic">GVM</span><span style="font-style:italic">’</span><span> and more than 12 seats</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span><span>MD2</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:3.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:151.2pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>over 3.5 tonnes and up to 4.5 tonnes </span><span style="font-style:italic">‘</span><span style="font-style:italic">GVM</span><span style="font-style:italic">’</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span><span>MD3</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:3.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:151.2pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>over 4.5 tonnes and up to 5 tonnes </span><span style="font-style:italic">‘</span><span style="font-style:italic">GVM</span><span style="font-style:italic">’</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span><span>MD4</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Heavy omnibus</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>ME</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>M3</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Light goods vehicle</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>NA</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>N1</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Medium goods vehicle</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>NB</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>N2</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:3.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:151.2pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>over 3.5 tonnes up to 4.5 tonnes </span><span style="font-style:italic">‘</span><span style="font-style:italic">GVM</span><span style="font-style:italic">’</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span><span>NB1</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:3.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:151.2pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>over 4.5 tonnes up to 12 tonnes </span><span style="font-style:italic">‘</span><span style="font-style:italic">GVM</span><span style="font-style:italic">’</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span><span>NB2</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Heavy goods vehicle</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>NC</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>N3</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>1 July 1990</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>/00</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Very light trailer</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>TA</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>O1</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Not Applicable</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Light trailer</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>TB</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>O2</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Not Applicable</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Medium trailer</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>TC</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>O3</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Not Applicable</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:165.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Heavy trailer</span></p></td><td style="width:52.05pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>TD</span></p></td><td style="width:43.35pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>O4</span></p></td><td style="width:67.6pt; border-right:0.75pt solid #000000; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span>Not Applicable</span></p></td><td style="width:53.4pt; border-left:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:2.4pt; margin-bottom:2.4pt; font-size:10pt"><span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

14.1. DEFINITIONS

14.1.1. Refer to Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005.

14.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR MA; MB; MC; AND MD1 VEHICLES ONLY

142.0 Any internal rear vision mirror fitted to a vehicle and intended to provide the driver with a view of following or overtaking vehicles shall have a flat reflecting surface i.e. of unit magnification.

14.2.1. An external mirror complying with the requirement of Clause 14.2.3 shall be fitted on the driver's side of the vehicle. An internal rear vision mirror shall also be provided except where the design of the motor vehicle does not provide for internal rear vision. In any case where the field of view requirements of Clause 14.2.2.1 are not met the vehicle shall be equipped with a passenger's side external rear vision mirror complying with Clause 14.2.3.

14.2.2. Internal Rear Vision Mirrors

14.2.2.1. Field of View - An internal mirror shall be installed that provides all drivers (with eyes located by the '95th Percentile Eye Ellipses' tangent contours) with a view to the rear, with an included horizontal angle of at least 20 degrees and sufficient vertical angle to provide a view of a level road surface extending to the horizon beginning at a point not greater than 61 metres to the rear of the vehicle when the vehicle is occupied by the driver and 4 passengers or the designated `Seating Capacity', if less, based on 68 kg average occupant mass. The line of sight may be partially
obscured by seated occupants or by 'Head Restraints'.

14.2.2.2. Mounting

14.2.2.2.1. The mirror mounting shall provide a stable support for the mirror, and shall provide for adjustment by tilting in both horizontal and vertical directions.

14.2.2.2.2. If the mirror is in the 'Head Impact Area', the mounting shall deflect, collapse or break away without leaving sharp edges when the reflective surface of the mirror is subjected to a force of not more than 400 N in any 'Forward' direction that is not more than 45 degrees from the 'Forward’ longitudinal direction.

14.2.3. External Rear Vision Mirrors

14.2.3.1. Driver's Side

14.2.3.1.1. Field of View - A flat external mirror shall be installed that provides all drivers (with eyes located by the `95th Percentile Eye Ellipses' tangent contours) with a view of a level road surface extending to the horizon from a line perpendicular to a plane tangential to the driver's side of the vehicle at the widest point and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, extending 2.4 metres out from the tangential plane 11 metres behind the driver's eyes, with the `Seat' in the rearmost position. The line of sight may be partially obscured by rear body or wheel guard contours.

14.2.3.1.2. Mounting - The mirror mounting shall provide a stable support for the mirror and neither the mirror nor the mounting shall protrude further than the widest part of the vehicle body, except to the extent necessary to produce a field of view meeting the requirements of Clause 14.2.3.1.1. The mirror shall not be obscured by the unwiped portion of the windscreen, and shall be adjustable from the driver's seating position. The mirror and mounting shall be free of sharp points or edges that could contribute to pedestrian injury.

14.2.3.2. Passenger’s Side

14.2.3.2.1. Where a left-hand external mirror is provided in compliance with Clause 14.2.1 its mounting shall provide a stable support for the mirror. The mirror and mounting shall be free of sharp points or edges that could contribute to pedestrian injury. The mirror need not be adjustable from the driver's seating position, but shall be capable of adjustment by tilting in both horizontal and vertical directions.

14.2.3.2.2. The mirror shall be flat or convex.

14.2.3.2.3. For `Convex Mirrors' the reflective surface area is to be equal to or greater than that of a flat mirror required to meet the field of view requirements set out in Clause 14.2.3.1.1.

14.2.4. Mirror Construction

14.2.4.1. Reflectance

The reflectance value of the reflective flim employed shall be at least 35 percent. If a mirror is of the selective position prismatic type, the reflectance value in the night driving position shall be at least 4 percent.

14.2.4.2. 'Convex Mirrors'

Each motor vehicle using a 'Convex Mirror' to meet the requirements of Clause 14.2.3.2 shall comply with the following requirements

14.2.4.2.1. the radii of curvature shall not deviate by more than plus or minus 15 percent from the average radius of curvature when measured in accordance with the procedures specified in Appendix A.

14.2.4.2.2. the average radius of curvature is not to be less than 1,200 mm.

14.2.5. Test Procedure

14.2.5.1. Reflectance shall be determined in accordance with SAE document J964a "Test Procedure for Determining Reflectivity of Rearview Mirror", August, 1974.

14.2.5.2. The horizontal angle is measured from the projected eye point rather than the plane of the mirror.

14.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORY NA AND MD2 ONLY

Vehicles of category NA and MD2 shall have mirrors which comply with Clauses 14.2 or 14.4.

14.4. REQUIREMENTS FOR MD3; MD4; ME; NB; AND NC VEHICLES ONLY

14.4.1. There shall be affixed to every vehicle a mirror or mirrors so designed and fitted and of such dimensions as to be capable of reflecting to the driver as far as practicable a clear view of the road to the rear of the driver and of any following or overtaking vehicle.

14.4.2. At least one such mirror shall be affixed to each side of the vehicle and may project 150 mm beyond the point of 'Overall Width' of the vehicle or the 'Overall Width' of any trailer it may be drawing

14.4.2.1. if the vehicle is a goods vehicle or an omnibus

14.4.2.2. if the trailer be of greater width than the drawing vehicle; or

14.4.2.3. in any case where, because of the manner in which the vehicle is constructed or equipped, or the fact that it is drawing a trailer or for any other reason, the driver could not, by means of a mirror affixed to the inside of the vehicle, have reflected to the driver as far as practicable a clear view of the road to the rear of the driver and of any following or overtaking vehicle.

14.4.3. The mirrors may project 230 mm on each side beyond the point of 'Overall Width' of the vehicle provided that the mirror is capable of collapsing to 150 mm.

14.4.4. All such mirrors fitted to vehicles shall be at least 150 square centimetres in area

14.4.5. Mirrors on the driver's side shall be flat, and mirrors on the passenger's side may be flat or convex.

14.4.5.1. 'Convex mirrors', if fitted, shall meet the requirements of Clauses 14.2.4.2.1 and 14.2.4.2.2.

14.5. REQUIREMENTS FOR L-GROUP VEHICLES ONLY

All vehicles shall be equipped with 2 rear vision mirrors having the same curvature (including flatness), symmetrically placed relative to the centre of the steering control and of such dimensions as to be capable of reflecting to the driver as far as practicable a clear view of the road to the rear of the driver and of any following or overtaking vehicle.

14.5.1.1. Flat mirrors shall have not less than 80 square centimetres of reflective surface.

14.5.1.2. ‘Convex Mirrors’ shall have not less than 64.5 square centimetres of reflective surface and an average radius of curvature that is not less than 1,200 mm.

14.6. ADDITIONAL EXTERNAL REAR VISION mirrors

14.6.1. Mirrors in addition to those required by this Rule may also be fitted, provided that

14.6.1.1. they do not protrude or project beyond the vehicle more than allowed for other mirrors required by this Rule.

14.6.1.2. they do not obstruct or interfere with the field of view requirements provided by mirrors fitted to meet the specified requirements of this Rule.

14.6.1.3. if the mirror is the only minor on the left-hand side it shall be flat or convex with an average radius of curvature of at least 1,200 mm.

14.6.2. Additional mirrors need not meet the requirements of Clause 14.2.4.2.2 except as specified in Clause 14.6.1.3 above.

14.7. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS

14.7.1. The technical requirements of ECE R 46/00 or 46/01 – ‘Rear View Mirrors’ - shall be deemed to be equivalent to the technical requirements of this Rule for mirrors other than additional mirrors, except that for LE, M-group and N-group vehicles the reflecting surface of the internal mirror and the mirror on the driver's side shall be flat

14.7.2. The technical requirements relating to the component aspect of ECE R81/00 shall be deemed to meet the requirements of Clause 14.5.1.2.

14.7.3. In addition, the technical requirements relevant to two-wheeled vehicles of ECE R81/00, 'UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF REAR-VIEW MIRRORS AND OF TWO-WHEELED POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES WITH OR WITHOUT SIDE CAR, WITH REGARD TO THE INSTALLATION OF REAR-VIEW MIRRORS ON HANDLEBARS.", shall be deemed equivalent to those of clause 14.5.1.2 of this regulation.

APPENDIX A

(EXTRACTED FROM FMVSS 111 "REAR VIEW MIRRORS", SECTION 12)

S 12 Determination of Radius of Curvature.

S 12.1 To determine the average radius of curvature of a convex mirror, use a 3-point linear spherometer, which meets the requirements of S 12.2, at the 10 test positions shown in Figure 1 and record the readings for each position.

S 12.2 The 3-point linear spherometer has two outer fixed legs 1.5 inches apart and one inner movable leg at the midpoint. The spherometer has a dial indicator with a scale that can be read accurately to 0.0001 inches, with the zero reading being a flat surface.

S 12.3 The 10 test positions on the image display consist of two positions at right angles to each other at each of five locations as shown in Figure 1. The locations are at the centre of the mirror, at the left and right ends of a horizontal line that bisects the mirror and at the top and bottom ends of a vertical line that bisects the mirror. None of the readings are within a 0.25 inch border on the edge of the image display.

S 12.4 At each position, the spherometer is held perpendicular to the convex mirror-surface and a record is made of the reading on the dial indicator to the nearest 0.0001 inch.

S 12.5 Convert the dial reading data for each of the 10 test positions to radius of curvature calculations using the following formula.

View image in the official source

where R = Radius of curvature
H = Linear displacement of the centre probe
C = Chord Length =13 inches

S 12.6 Calculate the average radius of curvature by adding all 10 radius of curvature calculations and dividing by ten.

S 12.7 Determine the numerical difference between the average radius of curvature and each of the 10 individual radius of curvature calculations determined in S 12.5.

S 12.8 Calculate the greatest percentage deviation by dividing the greatest numerical difference determined in S 12.7 by the average radius of cu nature and multiply by 100.

View image in the official source

NOTES

This compilation of Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 includes all the instruments set out in the Table of Instruments. The Table of Amendments provides a history of clauses that have been amended, inserted or deleted.

Table of Instruments

Name of Instrument	Registration Date	Commencement Date
Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006	16/08/2006	17/08/2006
Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 Amendment 1	13/12/2006	14/12/2006

Table of Amendments

Clause affected	How affected	Amending instrument
14.4.1	am	Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 Amendment 1
14.4.2.2	am	Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 Amendment 1
14.4.2.3	am	Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 Amendment 1
14.6.1	am	Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 Amendment 1
14.4.1.3	am	Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 Amendment 1

ad = added or inserted

am = amended

del = deleted or removed

rr = removed and replaced

 = clause renumbered. This takes the format of old no.  new no.

[*] The category code may also be in the format L1, LA etc.

1 Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 – Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006

Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/0114/01 – Rear Vision MirrorsRear Vision Mirrors) 20062006

Compilation: 1 (up to and including Amendment 11)

Compilation Date: 13/12/2006

Compiled by: Vehicle Safety Standards, Department of Transport and Regional Services.

CONTENTS

legislative provisions..............................................

SCOPE

APPLICABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION................................

14.1. DEFINITIONS...................................................

14.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR MA; MB; MC; AND MD1 VEHICLES ONLY

14.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORY NA AND MD2 ONLY

14.4. REQUIREMENTS FOR MD3; MD4; ME; NB; AND NC VEHICLES ONLY

14.5. REQUIREMENTS FOR L-GROUP VEHICLES ONLY

14.6. ADDITIONAL EXTERNAL REAR VISION mirrors....................

14.7. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS.....................................

APPENDIX A..........................................................

NOTES ...............................................................

legislative provisions

0.1. NAME OF STANDARD

0.1.1. This Standard is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 – Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006.

0.1.2. This Standard may also be cited as Australian Design Rule 14/01 — Rear Vision Mirrors.

0.2. COMMENCEMENT

0.2.1. This Standard commences on the day after it is registered.

0.3. REPEAL

0.3.1. This Standard repeals each vehicle standard with the name Australian Design Rule 14/01 — Rear Vision Mirrors that is:

(a) made under section 7 of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989; and

(b) in force at the commencement of this Standard.

SCOPE

This Australian Design Rule (ADR) is part of the Australian motor vehicle standards system and is a national standard for the purposes of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989.

The Rule organises mirror requirements around vehicle category, mirror function, optical specification and mechanical installation. The following are the principal technical concepts and the clauses that define them.

Vehicle category and applicability. The Rule applies across the ADR vehicle categories and dates shown in the embedded applicability table (Applicability and Implementation). It treats some small categories (e.g. L‑group, two‑ and three‑wheelers) separately (Applicability table; 14.5).
Mirror function and type. The Rule distinguishes internal rear‑vision mirrors (intended to show rearward traffic via the cabin) from external mirrors (driver’s side and passenger’s side). For selected categories (MA, MB, MC, MD1) internal mirrors must be flat (unit magnification) (14.2.0). External mirrors on the passenger’s side may be convex; the driver’s side mirror is required and must generally be flat (14.2.3.1.1; 14.2.3.2.2).
Field of view geometry. The Rule prescribes geometric field‑of‑view requirements to ensure usable coverage. Internal mirrors must provide drivers (modelled by the “95th Percentile Eye Ellipses” tangent contours) with at least a 20° included horizontal angle and sufficient vertical angle to see a road surface to the horizon beginning at a point not greater than 61 m behind the vehicle when occupied by driver plus four passengers (or seating capacity if less) using a 68 kg average occupant mass and seat in the rearmost position (14.2.2.1). The driver’s side external mirror must provide a view of a road surface extending to the horizon from a line perpendicular to a tangential plane at the vehicle’s widest point, extending 2.4 m out and 11 m behind the driver’s eyes with the seat rearmost (14.2.3.1.1). These geometric prescriptions use standardised anthropometric eye‑location contours and fixed offset distances to make coverage measurable and repeatable.
Reflectance and optical performance. The Rule sets a minimum reflectance value of 35 percent for reflective film used in mirrors, and a 4 percent minimum for prismatic selective position mirrors in night position (14.2.4.1). Reflectance is to be determined by SAE J964a (14.2.5.1).
Convex mirror curvature control. Where convex mirrors are used to satisfy field‑of‑view requirements (notably passenger side), the Rule mandates that individual radii of curvature not deviate by more than ±15% from the average radius and that the average radius be at least 1,200 mm (14.2.4.2.1-2). Appendix A (S12) prescribes a ten‑point spherometer procedure, a conversion formula from dial displacement to radius, averaging, and calculation of percentage deviation to check the ±15% tolerance (Appendix A S12.1-S12.8).
Mechanical mounting and safety. The mirror mounting must provide stable support and permit adjustment in horizontal and vertical tilt (14.2.2.2.1; 14.2.3.1.2). If located in a head impact area the mount must collapse/break away under ≤400 N forward force without leaving sharp edges (14.2.2.2.2). Mirrors and mountings must be free of sharp points/edges to reduce pedestrian injury risk (14.2.3.1.2; 14.2.3.2.1).
Size and projection allowances by vehicle group. For MD3/MD4/ME/NB/NC vehicles a mirror area of at least 150 cm² is required (14.4.4); mirrors may project 150 mm beyond overall width (14.4.2), or up to 230 mm provided they collapse to 150 mm (14.4.3). L‑group vehicles have minimum reflective surface areas (80 cm² flat, 64.5 cm² convex with minimum average radius 1,200 mm) (14.5.1.1-2).
Additional mirrors and alternatives. Additional external mirrors are permitted if they do not exceed projection allowances, do not interfere with required fields of view, and if the mirror is the only left‑hand side mirror it must be flat or convex with average radius ≥1,200 mm (14.6.1-3). The ADR accepts the technical requirements of ECE R46/00 or 46/01 as equivalent, subject to specific exceptions for certain vehicle groups, and ECE R81/00 for certain component aspects (14.7.1-3).

These core concepts combine optical specification, anthropometric modelling, mechanical safety and harmonisation with international standards. Each technical requirement is anchored to a measurement or test procedure (SAE J964a for reflectance, Appendix A S12 for curvature), which translates the visual and mechanical objectives into verifiable laboratory procedures.

The Rule allocates specific technical obligations and tolerances that fall principally on parties involved in vehicle design, manufacture, modification, testing and certification. The text itself defines the Rule as part of the national motor vehicle standards system under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 and links compliance to vehicle categories (Scope; 0.1.1-0.3.1; Applicability and Implementation).

Primary affected parties

Vehicle manufacturers and original equipment designers. ADR 14/01 prescribes mirror type, optical performance, field‑of‑view geometry and mounting behaviour for vehicles in categories MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2, MD3, MD4, ME, NA, NB, NC and the L‑group (Applicability table; 14.2-14.5). Manufacturers certifying new vehicles for the Australian market must specify mirrors that meet the Rule’s optical and mechanical tests, or show equivalence under the acceptable prior rules or ECE alternatives permitted by the Rule (Applicability paragraph; 14.7).
Component suppliers (mirror manufacturers). Suppliers must produce mirror elements that meet reflectance thresholds (14.2.4.1), curvature tolerances for convex mirrors (14.2.4.2.1-2), and surface area specifications for particular vehicle groups (14.4.4; 14.5). Suppliers will also need to provide test evidence produced according to SAE J964a (reflectance) and Appendix A S12 for curvature.
Vehicle modifiers, body builders and converters. The Rule contains specific requirements for projection allowances and collapsing mechanisms for larger vehicles (14.4.2-3). Entities that modify vehicle bodies or fit non‑OEM mirrors must ensure the finished vehicle remains within projection and field‑of‑view constraints and that mounting characteristics meet head‑impact area requirements if applicable (14.2.2.2.2).
Testing laboratories and certifying authorities. The Rule designates test procedures (SAE J964a; Appendix A S12) that laboratories must be able to perform (14.2.5.1; Appendix A S12). Certifiers relying on the “acceptable prior rules” provision must verify that the prior testing was done to the updated SAE procedure and that convex mirrors meet curvature specifications (Applicability and Implementation paragraph).
Regulators and registration authorities. The ADR is linked to the Motor Vehicle Standards Act and is a national standard; regulators involved in type approval and registration decisions will rely on the ADR’s technical prescriptions to determine whether a vehicle complies with Australian standards for mirror design (Scope; 0.1.1; 0.3.1). The Rule itself does not set out enforcement penalties but operates within the ADR/MVSA framework.
Road transport operators and owners. While obligations are primarily on manufacturers and suppliers, operators and owners are affected because mirror geometry and mounting constrain the types of replacement parts and retrofit mirrors that can lawfully be fitted without compromising the vehicle’s ADR compliance status. The Rule’s field‑of‑view and projection limits (14.2.2.1; 14.4.2-3) effectively limit aftermarket modifications.

Secondary affected parties and implications

International OEMs and exporters that supply vehicles to Australia will need to map their mirror specifications and test evidence to the ADR’s requirements or rely on accepted ECE alternatives (14.7). The Rule’s acceptance of ECE R46/00 or 46/01 and ECE R81/00 (14.7.1-3) provides a route to mutual recognition but includes exceptions (flat internal and driver’s side mirrors for some groups), which requires attention when using ECE approvals for Australian compliance.
Testing equipment suppliers and laboratories: the Appendix A S12 procedure requires a specific three‑point linear spherometer with a dial indicator readable to 0.0001 inches (Appendix A S12.2), which may necessitate specialised instrumentation or calibration.
Designers of safety systems and aftermarket devices: the Rule’s mounting, projection and breakaway requirements (14.2.2.2.1-2; 14.4.3) constrain the design envelope for devices mounted to the vehicle exterior.

Who does not gain new obligations from this Rule

The ADR does not impose direct obligations on road users in the form of fines or licensing conditions within its text. It is a technical vehicle standard rather than a traffic law. The instrument does not itself specify penalties or enforcement mechanisms (see Penalties and enforcement below).

In short, the Rule primarily imposes precise technical and testing obligations upstream in the vehicle supply chain, while downstream actors (owners, operators) are affected through the availability and permitted form of replacement and aftermarket mirrors.

This section sets out the concrete duties the Rule places on suppliers, manufacturers and installers, and the rights (options) it grants to them through recognitions and alternative compliance pathways.

Duties (explicit technical and installation obligations)

Internal mirrors for MA/MB/MC/MD1 must be flat (unit magnification) (14.2.0). That is an absolute requirement for those categories unless the vehicle’s design does not provide for internal rear vision (14.2.1).
An external driver’s side mirror complying with Clause 14.2.3 must be fitted (14.2.1). Where internal mirror fields of view are insufficient under Clause 14.2.2.1, a passenger’s side external mirror must be fitted in addition (14.2.1).
Internal mirror field of view. An internal mirror must provide all drivers (95th Percentile Eye Ellipses tangent contours) with an included horizontal angle of at least 20° and sufficient vertical angle to view the level road up to the horizon beginning at a point not greater than 61 m behind the vehicle when occupied by driver and 4 passengers (or seating capacity if less) and seat rearmost, based on a 68 kg average occupant mass (14.2.2.1).
Mirror mounting and head impact safety. Mirror mounting must provide stable support and permit adjustment by tilting in both horizontal and vertical directions (14.2.2.2.1). If the mirror is in the head impact area, the mounting shall deflect, collapse or break away without leaving sharp edges when the reflective surface is subjected to a forward force not exceeding 400 N (14.2.2.2.2).
Driver’s side external mirror field of view. A flat external driver’s side mirror must provide the drivers (95th Percentile eye contours) with a view of the road to the horizon from a line perpendicular to a plane tangential to the driver’s side at the widest point, extending 2.4 m out from the tangential plane and 11 m behind the driver’s eyes with the seat rearmost (14.2.3.1.1). The mirror must be adjustable from the driver’s seating position, not be obscured by the unwiped portion of the windscreen, and must not protrude beyond the vehicle body except as necessary to meet the field of view (14.2.3.1.2).
Reflectance minimums. The reflective film used in mirrors must have a reflectance of at least 35 percent; for selective position prismatic mirrors the night position reflectance must be at least 4 percent (14.2.4.1).
Convex mirrors. Where convex mirrors are used to meet passenger‑side requirements, their radii of curvature must not deviate by more than ±15 percent from the average when measured as specified in Appendix A and the average radius must be not less than 1,200 mm (14.2.4.2.1-2). Appendix A specifies the 10‑point spherometer measurement, formula and averaging procedure (Appendix A S12).
Heavy vehicle mirror area and projection. For MD3/MD4/ME/NB/NC vehicles, mirrors must be affixed on each side, be at least 150 cm² in area, drivers’ side mirrors must be flat and passenger may be flat or convex, and mirrors may project up to 150 mm (or up to 230 mm if collapsible to 150 mm) beyond overall width subject to specified conditions (14.4.1-4).
L‑group requirements. L‑group vehicles must be equipped with two rear‑vision mirrors of the same curvature, symmetrically placed. Flat mirrors must have at least 80 cm² reflective area; convex mirrors must have at least 64.5 cm² area and average radius ≥1,200 mm (14.5; 14.5.1.1-2).
Additional mirrors. Additional external mirrors are permitted provided they do not exceed allowed protrusion, do not obstruct required fields of view and, if they are the only left‑hand mirror, meet the minimum convex or flat radius requirement (14.6.1-3).

Rights and options (explicit permissive clauses and equivalence pathways)

Choice between Clause sets for NA and MD2. Vehicles of category NA and MD2 may comply with either Clauses 14.2 (the MA/MB/MC/MD1 requirements) or 14.4 (the MD3/MD4/ME/NB/NC style requirements) (14.3). This gives designers a route to choose the mirror regime that best suits vehicle geometry.
Acceptance of acceptable prior rules. The applicability text permits vehicles certified to the requirements of certain “Acceptable Prior Rules” to be deemed to comply with this ADR provided they were tested to the updated SAE test procedure and meet curvature specifications. This preserves continuity for vehicles previously certified under earlier ADRs, subject to testing and curvature compliance (Applicability and Implementation paragraph).
Alternative standards equivalence. The ADR deems ECE R46/00 or 46/01 technical requirements equivalent to the Rule for mirrors other than additional mirrors, except that for LE, M‑group and N‑group vehicles the internal mirror and driver’s side must be flat (14.7.1). ECE R81/00 component aspects are also deemed to meet certain clause requirements (14.7.2-3). These clauses permit reliance on international approvals and test reports where applicable, subject to the stated exceptions.
Test procedure specification. The Rule grants manufacturers and testers the right to demonstrate compliance by specific test methods: reflectance per SAE J964a and curvature per Appendix A S12 (14.2.5.1; Appendix A). Using these standard procedures allows manufacturers to generate verifiable evidence acceptable under the Rule.

In sum, the ADR imposes technical duties on mirror geometry, optics and mounting, while giving design flexibility via alternate clause compliance for certain categories, recognition of prior rules subject to updated testing, and formal equivalence with specified ECE standards. The duties are cast as measurable obligations linked to defined test procedures.

The ADR text itself does not set out penalties or enforcement mechanisms. The document repeatedly frames the Rule as part of the Australian motor vehicle standards system and as a “national standard for the purposes of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989” (Scope; 0.1.1-0.3.1). It also states that the instrument repeals vehicle standards made under s 7 of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (0.3.1-0.3.2). Those provisions establish the ADR’s statutory context: ADR 14/01 is a technical standard created under the MVSA framework.

What the Rule contains

No monetary penalties, infringement regimes or criminal provisions. The instrument contains no penal provisions; it is confined to technical requirements, test procedures and applicability (entire text). There is no section within the ADR that prescribes fines, suspension of registration, or similar sanctions.

What the Rule implies about enforcement

Enforcement and penalties are therefore functions provided elsewhere in the statutory and regulatory framework, notably the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 and related instruments that implement ADR compliance, type approval and import certification. The ADR’s status as a national standard (Scope; 0.1.1) means that compliance will be enforced through the administrative processes that apply under the MVSA and associated vehicle certification and registration systems, not via the ADR text itself.

Practical consequences for regulated parties

Manufacturers, importers and certifiers should not rely on the ADR text for penalty guidance. To determine enforcement consequences for non‑compliance (for example, refusal of type approval, rejection of a certification application, seizure of non‑compliant components, or statutory fines), regulated parties must consult the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989, its regulations, and the compliance/enforcement policies of the Commonwealth agency responsible for vehicle type approval and the relevant state/territory registration agencies.
Likewise, audit, recall and defect notification powers, and any administrative penalties, will typically derive from the MVSA or state/territory road vehicle legislation, not from the ADR itself. The ADR, by specifying the technical standard, enables regulators to assert non‑compliance where vehicles or mirror components deviate from the standard when enforcement action is taken under other statutes.

Recommended immediate actions to locate enforcement detail

Check the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 and its regulations for specific enforcement provisions and delegated administrative instruments that operationalise ADR compliance and sanctions (0.1.1; 0.3.1). Confirm current regulator practice regarding evidence required for type approval, treatment of prior approvals, and the administrative steps regulators take on discovery of non‑compliant mirrors.
Where a manufacturer or supplier faces potential enforcement, request the regulator’s written statement of the legal basis of enforcement action referencing the MVSA provisions relied upon and any applicable civil penalty or administrative regimes. The ADR provides the measurable standard; the MVSA and registration schemes provide the mechanisms for enforcement.

In short, ADR 14/01 prescribes the standard; enforcement and penalties flow from the MVSA and other administrative frameworks that operate alongside the ADR. The ADR itself contains no penalty clauses.

The ADR explicitly positions itself within the national motor vehicle standards framework and also provides equivalence relationships to international instruments. The following interactions are stated in the text.

Primary statutory relationship

Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989. The ADR is made under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (see 0.3.1 which repeals prior standards made under s 7 of that Act and the Scope which identifies the ADR as a national standard for the purposes of the MVSA). The Rule therefore sits under the MVSA’s legislative umbrella; it is an instrument used by the Commonwealth to define technical vehicle standards. The ADR text itself does not reproduce enforcement or certification mechanisms; those reside in the MVSA and its regulations (Scope; 0.1.1-0.3.2).

Standards and definitions linkage

ADR Definitions and Vehicle Categories 2005. Clause 14.1.1 directs the reader to the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005 for definitions (14.1.1). That ADR provides the defined terms such as MA, MB, MC, MD, NA, NB, NC and L‑group, and terms like ‘Overall Width’, ‘Seat’, ‘95th Percentile Eye Ellipses’ etc. This ADR (14/01) relies on that definitions ADR to give effect to its geometric and category‑based prescriptions.

Interaction with international standards (harmonisation and equivalence)

ECE R46/00 and 46/01. Clause 14.7.1 deems the technical requirements of ECE R46/00 or 46/01 to be equivalent to the technical requirements of the ADR for “mirrors other than additional mirrors”, with the exception that for LE, M‑group and N‑group vehicles the reflecting surface of the internal mirror and the mirror on the driver’s side shall be flat. This creates an explicit equivalence pathway enabling reliance on European regulation approvals and tests, subject to the stated exceptions (14.7.1).
ECE R81/00. Clause 14.7.2 declares that the technical requirements relating to the component aspect of ECE R81/00 meet the requirements of Clause 14.5.1.2 (which relates to convex mirrors for L‑group vehicles). Clause 14.7.3 additionally accepts two‑wheeled vehicle technical requirements from ECE R81/00 as meeting clause 14.5.1.2 for handlebar mirror installations. The ADR therefore permits component‑level harmonisation for certain small vehicle mirrors (14.7.2-3).

Interaction with prior ADRs

Acceptable Prior Rules. The Applicability section provides that vehicles certified to the requirements of specified Acceptable Prior Rules are “deemed to comply” with this ADR provided they were tested to the updated SAE test procedure and meet curvature specifications. This clause smooths the transition from older ADR versions to the 2006 instrument and allows continuity of approvals for vehicles previously certified, subject to updated testing and curvature compliance.

Cross‑reference to SAE test procedures

SAE J964a. The ADR mandates SAE J964a (August 1974) for reflectance testing (14.2.5.1) and references the updated SAE procedure in the applicability paragraph as a condition of deeming prior approvals to comply. This creates an intersection with the SAE technical literature for the specific method of measuring reflectance, effectively importing that method into the compliance regime.

What the ADR does not address directly

Enforcement, penalties and registration. As noted, the ADR does not set out enforcement provisions, penalties, or registration consequences. Those elements are left to the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 and to the administrative practice of regulators (0.1.1-0.3.2). Parties seeking to understand sanctions or recall obligations must consult the MVSA and related instruments.
Road traffic laws. The ADR does not amend or interact directly with state and territory road rules (traffic law, infringements for driving offences). It is a vehicle design standard rather than a traffic rule; however, registration authorities may require vehicles to be ADR‑compliant as a condition of registration.

Implementation risks and coordination points

Because the ADR relies on external standards and on a separate definitions ADR, compliance involves cross‑checking multiple instruments (14.1.1; 14.7.1-3; Applicability table). Manufacturers must ensure test reports reference the exact test versions the ADR requires (SAE J964a) and that curvature measurements follow Appendix A S12. Misalignment between test versions, measuring apparatus or certificate language could create disputes in certification.

Overall, ADR 14/01 is a technical ADR that operates in close dependence with the MVSA for legal effect, with the ADR Definitions instrument for terms and with SAE and ECE standards for test and equivalence pathways. Parties should treat the ADR as one layer in a multi‑instrument compliance architecture.

The compilation header and the instrument’s internal tables provide the available amendment history contained within the source.

Compilation and instruments

The document’s top matter indicates: “Compilation: 1 (up to and including Amendment 11)” with Compilation Date 13/12/2006 and compiled by Vehicle Safety Standards, Department of Transport and Regional Services. The Table of Instruments that follows enumerates the instruments that are compiled into this edition. In the Table of Instruments the following entries are shown (Notes/Table of Instruments):
- Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006, Registration Date 16/08/2006, Commencement Date 17/08/2006.
- Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 - Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006 Amendment 1, Registration Date 13/12/2006, Commencement Date 14/12/2006.
The Table of Amendments then lists clauses affected, how they were affected and by which instrument. The entries in that Table record Amendment 1 as having amended clauses 14.4.1, 14.4.2, 14.4.3, 14.6.1 and 14.4.1.3 (the last entry refers to 14.4.1.3 being amended by the same instrument). The Table of Amendments includes column headings “Clause affected”, “How affected” and “Amending instrument” and shows “am” for amended items with the amending instrument identified as the 2006 Amendment 1.

What the instrument itself records about changes

The instrument’s own text includes a number of clauses prepared as the 2006 Rule. Clause numbering shows sections 14.1 through 14.7 and Appendix A. The Amendment 1 entries listed in the Table of Amendments indicate that certain MD‑group mirror installation provisions and an additional mirrors clause (14.6.1) were amended by Amendment 1. The Table of Instruments/Amendments thus provides the formal record that Amendment 1 was made and commenced on 14/12/2006.

Notes on apparent compilation metadata

The compilation header’s parenthetical “up to and including Amendment 11” appears in the source, while the Tables of Instruments and Amendments list only the original instrument and Amendment 1. The instrument indicates the compilation date of 13/12/2006. The Tables of Instruments and Amendments, as reproduced in this source, show the original 2006 ADR and a single Amendment 1 (Registration 13/12/2006; Commencement 14/12/2006). The document therefore provides direct evidence of Amendment 1 and records the dates for the original instrument and Amendment 1 in the Table of Instruments and the specific clauses amended by Amendment 1 in the Table of Amendments.

Practical consequences for compliance and certification

When relying on test reports or prior approvals it is important to use the exact version of the ADR in force on the vehicle’s manufacture/approval date. The applicability table reproduces “Manufactured on or After” dates for vehicle categories and lists the “Acceptable Prior Rules” column (Applicability table), which is part of the Rule’s transitional framework.
For traceability and audit purposes, manufacturers should retain the instrument versions and amendment certificates that applied at the time of type approval. The Table of Instruments shows that the Rule and at least one amendment were registered and commenced in 2006; parties should verify whether later amendments (beyond Amendment 1) exist by consulting the government register of legislative instruments and the Department responsible for vehicle standards, because only the internal Table is reproduced in this compilation.

In summary, the source document formally records the original 2006 ADR and Amendment 1 (December 2006). The compilation metadata references up to Amendment 11 in its header, but the internal Table of Instruments and Table of Amendments in the reproduced source reflect the original and a single amendment. Parties should consult the official legislative instrument register for any subsequent amendments beyond those reflected here.

The ADR document as provided contains no record of litigation, judicial decisions, or cases referring to ADR 14/01. The text does not cite any judicial or tribunal authority, nor does it list precedent, appeals or determinations. It is a technical standard and the printed compilation includes administrative metadata (Table of Instruments, Table of Amendments) but no litigation annotations or case law references.

Consequences for legal research

There is no litigation history embedded in the instrument itself. If a practitioner requires case law discussing interpretation, enforcement or disputes regarding mirror design, mounting or ADR compliance, those materials will need to be sourced from court and tribunal databases, regulator decisions and administrative determinations external to the ADR text.
The ADR refers to other instruments (the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 and the ADR Definitions instrument). Any judicial treatment of mirror requirements in Australia will therefore often be framed by decisions on the MVSA, vehicle type approval decisions, registration refusals and possibly product liability or safety recall litigation. None of those links or cases are recorded in this ADR text.

What you can reliably say from the ADR itself

The ADR sets objective technical requirements and test procedures that a regulator can apply as the basis of an administrative finding of non‑compliance. Since the ADR does not itself contain penalty provisions, any legal dispute about enforcement is likely to hinge on the MVSA’s legal framework, evidentiary testing (e.g. whether tests were performed to SAE J964a or Appendix A S12), and the precise vehicle category or transitional rule applied (Applicability table; 14.2.5.1; Appendix A).

How to proceed if you need litigation material

Search federal and state court decisions mentioning “Australian Design Rule 14/01”, “rear vision mirrors”, “SAE J964a”, “Appendix A S12” or the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989. Check administrative tribunal decisions on vehicle approvals and recall notices. Also check regulator enforcement records under the Department responsible for vehicle standards and the national vehicle safety recall database.

In short, the ADR compilation contains no litigation history and does not identify cases; locating disputes or judicial interpretation requires searching external judicial and administrative sources.

The ADR contains precise technical formulations and test specifications that create multiple practical pitfalls for manufacturers, certifiers, modifiers and testers. The following items are drawn directly from the Rule’s text and appendices and identify concrete traps to watch for.

Unit magnification requirement for internal mirrors (MA/MB/MC/MD1) (14.2.0). The Rule mandates that any internal mirror “intended to provide the driver with a view of following or overtaking vehicles” have a flat reflecting surface. If a vehicle’s internal mirror is of selective‑position prismatic or convex type, it will be non‑compliant for those categories unless the vehicle design does not provide internal rear vision (14.2.0; 14.2.1). Check whether the internal mirror is explicitly “intended” for rear view as some occupant‑mounted mirrors may be auxiliary.
Anthropometric and occupancy model specifics (14.2.2.1). The field‑of‑view requirements are tied to drivers with eyes located by the “95th Percentile Eye Ellipses tangent contours”, seat rearmost, and an occupancy condition (driver + 4 passengers or seating capacity if less) based on a 68 kg average occupant mass. These precise human‑dimension assumptions mean that simple eyeballing or generic optical claims will not satisfy the Rule: test setups must replicate the mandated eye locations and occupancy configuration.
Measurement point for horizontal angle (14.2.5.2). The horizontal angle for field‑of‑view is measured from the “projected eye point” rather than from the plane of the mirror. Practically, this affects how test rigs are laid out and may materially change angle computation if a laboratory assumes a mirror‑plane reference instead.
Reflectance procedure versioning (14.2.5.1). Reflectance is measured by SAE J964a (August 1974). The applicability paragraph references the updated SAE test procedure as a condition for accepting prior approvals. Use of an older or newer SAE procedure without explicit ADR acceptance may produce contested test evidence. Ensure test reports identify the exact SAE revision used and, where prior approvals are relied upon, that the SAE J964a procedure was the one used.
Convex curvature measurement and tolerances (14.2.4.2.1-2; Appendix A S12). The ±15% deviation limit is not a simple surface quality assertion; it is tested by the Appendix A S12 10‑point spherometer procedure, requiring a three‑point linear spherometer with a dial readable to 0.0001 inches and a chord length of 13 inches (S12.2-S12.5). Laboratories or manufacturers that measure curvature differently (different probe arrangement, fewer points, metric-only instruments without proper conversion) risk failing to demonstrate compliance. Appendix A uses imperial units and a conversion formula; users must ensure proper unit handling.
Minimum average radius 1,200 mm (14.2.4.2.2). The average radius requirement for convex mirrors is an absolute lower bound. Some aftermarket convex mirrors are more strongly curved than this limit would allow; using such mirrors to meet field of view requirements could breach ADR curvature minimums.
Head impact area force requirement (14.2.2.2.2). If a mirror is in a “Head Impact Area”, the mounting must collapse under a forward force of not more than 400 N without leaving sharp edges. This is a specific mechanical performance requirement that may require crash‑testing or mechanical evaluation of mounting breakaway characteristics. Mounts that appear safe in static conditions may fail this dynamic requirement.
Projection and collapsing allowances for larger vehicles (14.4.2-3). For MD3/MD4/ME/NB/NC vehicles mirrors may project up to 150 mm beyond overall width and up to 230 mm if they can collapse to 150 mm. A mirror that uses a hinge or flexible mount must demonstrably collapse to the 150 mm limit. Certification evidence must explicitly show the collapse behaviour,specimens that resist collapse or do not collapse reliably under expected forces may be non‑compliant.
Minimum area requirements (14.4.4; 14.5.1.1-2). For certain categories mirrors must meet minimum reflective surface areas (150 cm² for MD3/MD4/ME/NB/NC; 80 cm² flat or 64.5 cm² convex for L‑group). Parties fitting aftermarket mirrors must ensure dimensions are adequate, remembering convex mirrors count by reflective surface area and are subject to curvature rules.
Additional mirrors do not have full exemptions (14.6). Additional mirrors need not meet the full curvature requirements except where the additional mirror is the only left‑hand side mirror; in that case the mirror must be flat or convex with average radius ≥1,200 mm (14.6.1.3, 14.6.2). That exception can trip up installers who assume any extra mirror may be more closely curved.
Alternative standards exceptions (14.7.1). The ADR accepts ECE R46 equivalence “except that for LE, M‑group and N‑group vehicles the reflecting surface of the internal mirror and the mirror on the driver’s side shall be flat.” If relying on ECE approvals for Australian compliance, check these vehicle‑group exceptions to ensure ECE test evidence does not conflict with the ADR’s additional flatness requirement.
Transitional and prior approvals requirements (Applicability paragraph). Vehicles certified to earlier “Acceptable Prior Rules” are deemed to comply only if tested to the updated SAE J964a and if curvature specifications are met. Parties relying on prior certificates must ensure the underlying tests meet the updated SAE procedure and that curvature is within ADR limits.
Internal definitions and second instrument dependencies (14.1.1). The Rule depends on definitions in the ADR Definitions instrument (Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005). Misapplying terms like “Seat”, “Overall Width”, or “95th Percentile Eye Ellipses” without referring to that Definitions ADR introduces risk in field‑of‑view computations.
Units and measurement conversions (Appendix A uses inches). Appendix A uses inches (spherometer leg spacing 1.5 inches; dial readings to 0.0001 inches; chord length 13 inches). Testers using metric instrumentation must convert readings correctly using the formula in S12.5. Errors in unit conversion can produce materially incorrect radius calculations and compliance failures.
No penalties in the ADR text. The ADR contains no penalty provisions; enforcement actions will be taken under the MVSA or other instruments. Do not assume the ADR itself provides the full compliance or enforcement picture (0.1.1; 0.3.1).

Each of these “gotchas” is grounded in the ADR text. Parties should align test rigs, documentation, certificates and product design explicitly to these clauses and the Appendix A method, and should obtain regulatory confirmation where the facts are borderline (for example, whether a mirror counts as being in a head impact area).

Compliance with ADR 14/01 requires a combination of design choices, laboratory testing, and documentary evidence to show that mirror geometry, optical properties, mounting characteristics and area/projection constraints meet the Rule’s measurable requirements. The steps below translate the ADR clauses into an actionable compliance checklist.

Identify vehicle category and applicable clause set

Consult the ADR Definitions and Vehicle Categories instrument for the vehicle’s ADR category (14.1.1). Use the ADR 14/01 Applicability table to determine the manufacturing date threshold and any “Acceptable Prior Rules” that may apply, and whether the vehicle is in MA/MB/MC/MD1, NA/MD2 (choose 14.2 or 14.4), MD3/MD4/ME/NB/NC, L‑group, or trailer categories (Applicability table; 14.3-14.5).

Select mirror types consistent with category requirements

For MA/MB/MC/MD1 categories fit a flat internal rear‑vision mirror (unit magnification) if the vehicle’s design provides internal rear vision (14.2.0-14.2.1).
Fit a driver’s side external mirror complying with Clause 14.2.3 for MA/MB/MC/MD1 vehicles (14.2.1; 14.2.3.1.1-2). If internal mirror field of view is insufficient under 14.2.2.1, provide a passenger’s side external mirror meeting 14.2.3.2.
For MD3/MD4/ME/NB/NC vehicles install mirrors on both sides with reflective area ≥150 cm² and ensure driver’s side mirror is flat; passenger’s side may be convex but must meet curvature rules if convex (14.4.1-5).
For L‑group vehicles equip two mirrors of the same curvature, symmetrical about the steering control, meeting area/curvature minima (14.5; 14.5.1.1-2).

Design mirror geometry and mounting

Internal mirror field of view: ensure the internal mirror provides an included horizontal angle ≥20° and vertical coverage so road surface is visible to the horizon beginning at ≤61 m behind the vehicle when occupied as required and seat rearmost (14.2.2.1). Use the “95th Percentile Eye Ellipses” tangent contours from the ADR Definitions instrument for eye positions.
Driver’s side external mirror field of view: design to provide the required coverage extending 2.4 m out and 11 m behind the driver’s eyes with the seat rearmost (14.2.3.1.1).
Mounting: ensure adjustability (tilt horizontal/vertical) and stable support. If the mirror is within the “Head Impact Area” design the mount to deflect/collapse/break away under forward force ≤400 N without leaving sharp edges (14.2.2.2.1-2).
Projection allowances: for larger vehicles ensure mirrors do not exceed the allowed projection (150 mm standard, up to 230 mm if collapsible to 150 mm) and provide collapse demonstration if using the 230 mm allowance (14.4.2-3). Ensure mirrors do not protrude past the widest part of vehicle body except as necessary to meet the field of view (14.2.3.1.2).
Pedestrian safety: design mirror and mounting without sharp points or edges (14.2.3.1.2; 14.2.3.2.1).

Choose reflective materials and optical parameters

Use reflective film with reflectance ≥35% (14.2.4.1). If using a selective position prismatic mirror, ensure night driving position reflectance ≥4% (14.2.4.1).
For convex mirrors used to meet passenger side or other convex allowances ensure average radius of curvature ≥1,200 mm and that individual radii do not deviate more than ±15% from average (14.2.4.2.1-2).
Ensure sufficient reflective surface area for category: MD3/MD4/ME/NB/NC mirrors ≥150 cm² (14.4.4); L‑group flat mirrors ≥80 cm², convex mirrors ≥64.5 cm² (14.5.1.1-2).

Perform laboratory testing to specified methods

Reflectance testing: perform and document reflectance tests in accordance with SAE J964a (August 1974) per Clause 14.2.5.1. Ensure test reports identify the SAE revision used. For prior approvals relying on acceptable prior rules, confirm the tests were performed to the updated SAE procedure as required in the Applicability paragraph.
Convex curvature testing: follow Appendix A S12. Use a three‑point linear spherometer meeting S12.2 (two outer fixed legs at 1.5 inches apart, inner movable leg at midpoint, dial readable to 0.0001 inches). Measure at the 10 positions specified by Figure 1 and S12.3, record dial readings to 0.0001 inches (S12.3-S12.4). Convert dial displacement to radius via the formula in S12.5, calculate average of 10 radii (S12.6) and determine the greatest percentage deviation (S12.7-S12.8). Ensure average radius ≥1,200 mm and that max percentage deviation ≤15% (14.2.4.2.1-2; Appendix A S12).
Field‑of‑view testing: set up anthropometric driver eye points using the “95th Percentile Eye Ellipses” contours from the ADR Definitions instrument and measure the included horizontal angle and the vertical coverage to the horizon at the 61 m/11 m/2.4 m geometries prescribed (14.2.2.1; 14.2.3.1.1; 14.2.5.2 explains that horizontal angle is measured from projected eye point).
Mount breakaway test: if the mirror is in a head impact area, perform mechanical tests to show the mount deflects/collapses under not more than 400 N in a forward direction not exceeding 45° from forward longitudinal (14.2.2.2.2).

Prepare documentation and certification evidence

Assemble test reports with explicit references to the clause(s) tested, test procedures (SAE J964a; Appendix A S12) and version numbers, measurement data and sign‑off by accredited laboratories.
For components or vehicles claiming compliance via ECE equivalence, include ECE approval numbers and show how the ECE approval maps to the ADR clauses, noting the ADR exceptions (14.7.1-3).
If relying on acceptable prior rules, provide the prior approval documentation and evidence that the updated SAE J964a procedure was used and that curvature specifications are met (Applicability paragraph).

Where ambiguity exists, obtain regulator guidance

Because the ADR depends on a definitions ADR and on specific anthropometric model contours and because test procedures use precise instrument requirements (Appendix A S12), obtain written confirmation from the responsible vehicle standards agency on test acceptability and on whether specific product variations (for instance, non‑standard mirror shapes, multi‑element mirrors, or electronic camera‑based mirror replacements) are acceptable or require formal alternative assessment.

Aftermarket and retrofit considerations

Aftermarket mirrors must match the category‑specific area, curvature, projection and mounting requirements; aftermarket convex mirrors often have stronger curvature and smaller radii that may breach the ADR’s minimum average radius of 1,200 mm (14.2.4.2.2). Check the ADR applicability rules for conversion or modification approvals.

Keep records for audit and traceability

Retain certificates of conformity, test reports (SAE J964a and Appendix A S12), calibration certificates for instrumentation (notably spherometer calibration to 0.0001 inches), and installation instructions documenting how seat positions and eye points were set during field‑of‑view testing. These records will be necessary if a regulator questions compliance.

Monitor amendments and coordinate with registration processes

Because the ADR may be amended and the compilation shows Amendment 1, confirm the current ADR version and any later amendments on the official legislative instruments register. Also confirm how ADR compliance is demonstrated in the vehicle type approval and registration process with the relevant Commonwealth and state/territory agencies (Table of Instruments; Table of Amendments).

Following these steps will place manufacturers and suppliers in a defensible position to demonstrate technical compliance with ADR 14/01. The ADR links each duty to measurable tests and procedures; compliance requires alignment of product design, test evidence and regulatory documentation to those methods.

Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 – Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006

Plain English Summary

Deep Dive

What it does

Current sections

Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 – Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006

Source text: opening excerpt

1 Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/01 – Rear Vision Mirrors) 2006

Main concepts

Who it affects

Key duties and rights

Penalties and enforcement

How it interacts with other laws

Amendment history

Litigation history

Gotchas

How to comply