TRAFFIC REGULATIONS, SCHEDULE 3 - AUSTRALIAN ROAD RULES 1999

Division 2 Some features of the Australian Road Rules

4 Definitions – the dictionary etc. (1) The dictionary at the end of the Australian Road Rules defines certain words and expressions, and includes references to certain words and expressions defined elsewhere in the Rules (signpost definitions). The signpost definition road-related area see rule 13 means that the expression road-related area is defined in rule 13 of the Australian Road Rules. Note The dictionary only includes a signpost definition for a word or expression if the word or expression is used in 2 or more rules of the Australian Road Rules. (2) The dictionary is part of the Australian Road Rules.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 3 (3) A definition in the Australian Road Rules applies to each use of the word or expression in the Rules, unless the contrary intention appears.

5 Diagrams A diagram in the Australian Road Rules is part of the Rules.

1 If a diagram of a traffic control device, traffic-related item or symbol is in black and white in a rule of the Australian Road Rules, the diagram may be a black or white version of the device, item or symbol – see rule 314. If so, the colour version of the device, item or symbol will be in Schedule 2 or 4.

2 A diagram may be an example – see rule 6(1).

6 Examples (1) An example (whether or not in the form of a diagram) in the Australian Road Rules is part of the Rules. (2) If the Australian Road Rules includes an example of the operation of a provision of the Rules: (a) the example is not exhaustive; and (b) the example does not limit, but may extend, the meaning of the provision.

7 Headings A heading to a Part, Division, Schedule, rule or any other provision of the Australian Road Rules is part of the Rules.

8 Notes A note in the Australian Road Rules is explanatory and is not part of the Rules.

9 Reader's Guide The Reader's Guide is not part of the Australian Road Rules. Note The Reader's Guide has not been included in this Schedule because it is not used in the Territory.

10 Offences (1) The words "Offence provision." in a rule of the Australian Road Rules (or, if the rule has 2 or more subrules, in a subrule) indicates that a contravention of the rule (or subrule) is an offence.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 4 (2) The penalty for an offence is the penalty applying to the offence Part 2 Application of the Australian Road Rules Division 1 Roads and road-related areas 11 Australian Road Rules apply to vehicles and road users on roads and road-related areas (1) The Australian Road Rules apply to vehicles and road users on roads and road-related areas. Note Road is defined in rule 12, road-related area is defined in rule 13, road user is defined in rule 14, and vehicle is defined in rule 15. (2) Each reference in the Australian Road Rules (except in this Division) to a road includes a reference to a road-related area, unless otherwise expressly stated in the Rules. Examples for subrule (2) 1 A reference in rule 146 (which deals with driving within a single marked lane or line of traffic) to the road includes a reference to the road-related area of 2 A reference in rule 200(1) (which deals with certain heavy or long vehicles stopping on roads) to a length of road includes a reference to the road-related area of the length of road.

3 A reference in rule 31 (which deals with starting a right turn from a road, except a multi-lane road) to a road does not include a reference to a road- related area, because of the definition in subrule (5) of that rule.

12 What is a road (1) A road is an area that is open to or used by the public and is developed for, or has as one of its main uses, the driving or riding of motor vehicles. Note (2) However, unless the contrary intention appears, a reference in the Australian Road Rules (except in this Division) to a road does not include a reference to: (a) an area so far as the area is declared, under another law of this jurisdiction, not to be a road for the Australian Road Rules; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 5 (b) any shoulder of the road. (3) The shoulder of the road includes any part of the road that is not designed to be used by motor vehicles in travelling along the road, and includes: (a) for a kerbed road – any part of the kerb; and (b) for a sealed road – any unsealed part of the road, and any sealed part of the road outside an edge line on the road; but does not include a bicycle path, footpath or shared path. Note Bicycle path is defined in rule 239, edge line and footpath are defined in the dictionary, and shared path is defined in rule 242.

13 What is a road-related area (1) A road-related area is any of the following: (a) an area that divides a road; (b) a footpath or nature strip adjacent to a road; (c) an area that is not a road and that is open to the public and designated for use by cyclists or animals; (d) an area that is not a road and that is open to or used by the public for driving, riding or parking vehicles. Note (2) However, unless the contrary intention appears, a reference in the Australian Road Rules (except in this Division) to a road-related area includes a reference to: (a) an area so far as the area is declared, under another law of this jurisdiction, to be a road-related area for the Australian Road Rules; or (b) any shoulder of a road; or (c) any other area that is a footpath or nature strip as defined in the dictionary;

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 6 but does not include a reference to an area so far as the area is declared, under another law of this jurisdiction, not to be a road- related area for the Australian Road Rules. Note Shoulder is defined in rule 12. Division 2 Road users and vehicles

14 Road users A road user is a driver, rider, passenger or pedestrian. Note Driver is defined in rule 16, pedestrian is defined in rule 18, and rider is defined in rule 17.

15 What is a vehicle A vehicle includes: (a) a motor vehicle, trailer and tram; and (b) a bicycle; and (c) an animal-drawn vehicle, and an animal that is being ridden or drawing a vehicle; and (d) a combination; and (e) a motorised wheelchair that can travel at over 10 kilometres per hour (on level ground); but does not include another kind of wheelchair, a train, or a wheeled recreational device or wheeled toy. Note Various terms mentioned in this rule are defined in the dictionary.

16 Who is a driver (1) A driver is the person who is driving a vehicle (except a motor bike, bicycle, animal or animal-drawn vehicle). 1 Bicycle and motor bike are defined in the dictionary, and vehicle is defined in rule 15.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 7 (2) However, a driver does not include a person pushing a motorised wheelchair. Note Wheelchair is defined in the dictionary.

17 Who is a rider (1) A rider is the person who is riding a motor bike, bicycle, animal or animal-drawn vehicle. 1 Bicycle and motor bike are defined in the dictionary. 2 Ride, for the rider of a motor bike or animal-drawn vehicle, includes be in control of – see the definition in the dictionary. (2) A rider does not include: (a) a passenger; or (b) a person walking beside and pushing a bicycle.

18 Who is a pedestrian A pedestrian includes: (a) a person driving a motorised wheelchair that cannot travel at over 10 kilometres per hour (on level ground); and (b) a person in a non-motorised wheelchair; and (c) a person pushing a motorised or non-motorised wheelchair; and (d) a person in or on a wheeled recreational device or wheeled toy. Note Wheelchair, wheeled recreational device and wheeled toy are defined in the

19 References to driver includes rider etc. Unless otherwise expressly stated in the Australian Road Rules, each reference in the Rules (except in this Division) to a driver includes a reference to a rider, and each reference in the Rules (except in this Division) to driving includes a reference to riding.

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Part 3 Speed-limits

20 Obeying the speed-limit A driver must not drive at a speed over the speed-limit applying to the driver for the length of road where the driver is driving. 1 The rules about speed-limits are as follows: • rule 21 – speed-limit where a speed-limit sign applies • rule 22 – speed-limit in a speed-limited area • rule 23 – speed-limit in a school zone • rule 24 – speed-limit in a shared zone • rule 25 – speed-limit elsewhere. 2 Road includes a road-related area – see rule 11(2). 3 Length of road includes a marked lane, a part of a marked lane, or another part of a length of road – see the definition in the dictionary. 4 Part 20, Division 2 deals with the way in which a traffic sign applies to a length of road. Part 20, Division 3 deals with the way in which the traffic sign applies to drivers driving on the length of road.

21 Speed-limit where a speed-limit sign applies (1) The speed-limit applying to a driver for a length of road to which a speed-limit sign applies is the number of kilometres per hour indicated by the number on the sign. Note (2) However, if the number on the speed-limit sign is over 100 and the driver is driving a bus with a GVM over 5 tonnes, or another vehicle with a GVM over 12 tonnes, the speed-limit applying to the driver for the length of road is 100 kilometres per hour. 1 Bus and GVM are defined in the dictionary, and vehicle is defined in rule 15. 3 If the vehicle is an oversize or overmass vehicle, the vehicle may be restricted to a lower speed-limit under another law of this jurisdiction. (3) A speed-limit sign on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearest of the following: (a) a speed-limit sign on the road with a different number on the sign;

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 9 (b) an end speed-limit sign or speed derestriction sign on the road; 1 T-intersection is defined in the dictionary. Speed-limit signs Other signs End speed-limit sign Speed derestriction sign 1 There is another permitted version of the speed-limit sign and the end speed-limit sign – see the diagrams in Schedule 3. 2 A speed-limit sign or end speed-limit sign may have a different number on the sign – see rule 316(4).

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22 Speed-limit in a speed-limited area speed-limited area is the number of kilometres per hour indicated by the number on the area speed-limit sign on a road into the area, unless another speed-limit applies to the driver for the length of road under another rule of this Part. Example of another speed-limit Although an area speed-limit sign on a road into a speed-limited area may indicate a speed-limit of 60 kilometres per hour, a particular length of road in the area may have a school zone sign indicating a 40 kilometres per hour speed- limit for that length of road. Note (2) A speed-limited area is the network of roads in an area with: (a) an area speed-limit sign on each road into the area, indicating (b) an end area speed-limit sign on each road out of the area. (3) In subrule (2)(a) and (b): Note Area speed-limit sign End area speed-limit sign 2 An area speed-limit sign or end area speed-limit sign may have a different number on the sign – see rule 316(4).

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23 Speed-limit in a school zone school zone is the number of kilometres per hour indicated by the number on the school zone sign on a road, or the road, into the zone. 1 Length of road is defined in the dictionary. 2 A school zone sign may indicate that it applies only at certain times, on certain days or in certain circumstances – see rules 317 and 318. 3 This subrule applies to road-related areas in the school zone – see rule 11(2). (2) A school zone is: (a) if there is a school zone sign and an end school zone sign, or a speed-limit sign with a different number on the sign, on a road and there is no intersection on the length of road between the signs – that length of road; or (b) if there is a school zone sign on a road that ends in a dead end and there is no intersection, nor a sign mentioned in paragraph (a), on the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the dead end – that length of road; or (c) in any other case – the network of roads in an area with: (i) a school zone sign on each road into the area, indicating (ii) an end school zone sign, or a speed-limit sign indicating a different number, on each road out of the area. Note Intersection is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 12 (3) In subrule (2)(c)(i) and (ii): Note School zone sign End school zone sign 2 A school zone sign or end school zone sign may have a different number on the sign – see rule 316(4).

24 Speed-limit in a shared zone shared zone is the number of kilometres per hour indicated by the number on the shared zone sign on a road, or the road into the zone. Note A driver driving in a shared zone must give way to any pedestrian in the zone – see rule 83. (2) A shared zone is: (a) if there is a shared zone sign and an end shared zone sign on a road and there is no intersection on the length of road between the signs – that length of road; or (b) if there is a shared zone sign on a road that ends in a dead end and there is no intersection on the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the dead end – that length of road; or (c) a network of roads in an area with: (i) a shared zone sign on each road into the area, indicating (ii) an end shared zone sign on each road out of the area; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 13 (d) a road related area that is between a shared zone sign that relates to the area and an end shared zone sign that relates to Note Intersection is defined in the dictionary. (3) In subrules (2)(c)(i) and (ii): Note Shared zone sign End shared zone sign 2 A shared zone sign may have a different number on the sign – see

25 Speed-limit elsewhere (1) If a speed-limit sign does not apply to a length of road and the length of road is not in a speed-limited area, school zone or shared zone, the speed-limit applying to a driver for the length of road is the default speed-limit. Note Length of road is defined in the dictionary, school zone is defined in rule 23, shared zone is defined in rule 24, and speed-limited area is defined in rule 22. (2) The default speed-limit applying to a driver for a length of road in a built-up area is 50 kilometres per hour. 1 The application of this subrule is modified by regulation 77 of the Traffic 2 Built-up area is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 14 (3) The default speed-limit applying to a driver for any other length of road is: (a) for a driver driving a bus with a GVM over 5 tonnes, or another vehicle with a GVM over 12 tonnes – 100 kilometres per hour; or (b) for any other driver – 100 kilometres per hour or as otherwise provided under another law of this jurisdiction. 1 Bus and GVM are defined in the dictionary, and vehicle is defined in rule 15. 3 If the vehicle is an oversize or overmass vehicle, the vehicle may be restricted to a lower speed-limit under another law of this jurisdiction. 4 The application of this subrule is modified by regulation 77A of the Traffic Part 4 Making turns Division 1 Left turns 26 Application of Division to roundabouts, road-related areas and (1) This Division does not apply to a driver entering or leaving a roundabout. 1 Roundabout is defined in rule 109. 2 Part 9 deals with entering and leaving a roundabout. (2) This Division applies to a driver turning left from a road into a road- related area or adjacent land, or from a road-related area into a road, as if the driver were turning left at an intersection. 1 Adjacent land and intersection are defined in the dictionary and road- related area is defined in rule 13. Adjacent land or a road-related area can include a driveway, service station or shopping centre – see the definitions. 2 Rule 74 deals with the give way rules applying to a driver entering a road from a road-related area or adjacent land, and rule 75 deals with the give way rules applying to a driver entering a road-related area or adjacent land from a road. Rule 212 deals with a driver entering and leaving a median strip parking area. 3 For the meaning of left, see rule 351(1).

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 15 Note A road-related area includes the shoulder of a road – see rule 13.

27 Starting a left turn from a road (except a multi-lane road) (1) A driver turning left at an intersection from a road (except a multi- lane road) must approach and enter the intersection from as near as practicable to the far left side of the road. (1A) Subrule (1) also applies to a rider of a bicycle who approaches and enters an intersection from a bicycle storage area. Note (1B) Despite subrule (1), if there is space in a bicycle storage area for 2 riders of bicycles to be next to each other, the rider on the right may approach and enter the intersection as near as practicable to the right side of the other rider, but only if that other rider approaches and enters the intersection in accordance with this rule. 1 Intersection and multi-lane road are defined in the dictionary. 2 Road-related area includes any shoulder of a road – see rule 13. Starting a left turn from a road (except a multi-lane road)

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28 Starting a left turn from a multi-lane road (1) A driver turning left at an intersection from a multi-lane road must approach and enter the intersection from within the left lane unless: (a) the driver is required or permitted to approach and enter the intersection from within another marked lane under rule 88(1), 92 or 159; or (b) the driver is turning, at B lights or traffic arrows, in accordance (c) subrule (1A) or (2) applies to the driver; or. (d) the lane is a bus only lane. 1 B lights, intersection, marked lane, multi-lane road, public bus and traffic arrows are defined in the dictionary, left lane is defined in subrule (3) and bus only lane is defined in rule 154A(6). 2 Rule 88(1) deals with left turn only signs, rule 92 deals with traffic lane arrows, and rule 159 deals with traffic signs requiring particular kinds of vehicles to drive in an indicated marked lane. 3 Part 17, Division 2 provides for priority to be given to public buses at intersections with B lights or a white traffic arrow. Example for subrule (1)(a) Starting a left turn on a multi-lane road with traffic lane arrows as required or permitted under rule 92 (1A) A driver turning left at an intersection from a multi-lane road that has a slip lane must approach and enter the intersection: (a) from within the slip lane; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 17 (b) if there is an obstruction that prevents the driver from entering the intersection from within the slip lane – from within the left Note Obstruction and slip lane are defined in the dictionary. (2) A driver may approach and enter the intersection from the marked lane next to the left lane as well as, or instead of, the left lane if: and of the intersection; and (d) it is not practicable for the driver to turn left from within the left lane; and safely turn left at the intersection by occupying the next marked lane, or both lanes. Long vehicle turning left from the left lane and next marked lane

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 18 (2A) If there is a bicycle storage area before an intersection that extends across one or more marked lanes of a multi-lane road, a rider of a bicycle turning left must approach and enter the intersection from within the part of the bicycle storage area that is directly in front of the left marked lane or of a bicycle lane that is on the left side of the Note left lane means: (a) the marked lane nearest to the far left side of the road; or 1 Special purpose lane is defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 95 deals with driving in an emergency stopping lane and Part 11, Division 6 deals with driving in other special purpose lanes. 29 Making a left turn as indicated by a turn line (1) If a driver is turning left at an intersection and there is a turn line indicating how the turn is required to be made, the driver must make the turn as indicated by the turn line unless: (a) the driver is turning, at B lights or traffic arrows, in accordance

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 19 (b) subrule (2) applies to the driver. Note B lights, intersection, traffic arrows and turn line are defined in the dictionary. Making a left turn as indicated by a turn line (2) A driver may turn left at an intersection other than as indicated by a turn line if: and (c) it is not practicable for the driver to turn left as indicated by the turn line; and (d) the driver can safely turn left other than as indicated by the turn line.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 20 Division 2 Right turns

30 Application of Division to certain right turns (1) This Division does not apply to: (a) a driver turning right at an intersection where there is a hook turn only sign; or (b) the rider of a bicycle making a hook turn under Division 3; or (c) a driver making a U-turn; or (d) a driver entering or leaving a roundabout. 1 Bicycle, intersection and U-turn are defined in the dictionary and roundabout is defined in rule 109. 2 Division 3 of this Part deals with hook turns, Division 4 deals with U-turns and Part 9 deals with entering and leaving a roundabout. 3 For the meaning of right, see rule 35(2). (2) This Division applies to a driver turning right from a road into a road-related area or adjacent land, or from a road-related area into a road, as if the driver were turning right at an intersection. 1 Adjacent land is defined in the dictionary and road-related area is defined in rule 13. Adjacent land or a road-related area can include a driveway, service station or shopping centre – see the definitions. 2 Rule 74 deals with the give way rules applying to a driver entering a road from a road-related area or adjacent land, and rule 75 deals with the give way rules applying to a driver entering a road-related area or adjacent land from a road. Rule 212 deals with a driver entering and leaving a median strip parking area.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 21 Note A road-related area includes the shoulder of a road – see rule 13.

31 Starting a right turn from a road (except a multi-lane road) (1) A driver turning right at an intersection from a road (except a multi- lane road) must approach and enter the intersection in accordance Note Intersection and multi-lane road are defined in the dictionary. (2) If the road has a dividing line or median strip, the driver must approach and enter the intersection from the left of, parallel to, and as near as practicable to, the dividing line or median strip. Note Dividing line and median strip are defined in the dictionary. (3) If the road does not have a dividing line or median strip and is not a one-way road, the driver must approach and enter the intersection from the left of, parallel to, and as near as practicable to, the centre of the road. Note Centre of the road and one-way road are defined in the dictionary. (4) If the road is a one-way road, the driver must approach and enter the intersection from as near as practicable to the far right side of (4A) Subrules (2), (3) and (4) also apply to a rider of a bicycle who approaches and enters an intersection from a bicycle storage area. Note (4B) Despite subrules (2), (3) and (4), if there is space in a bicycle storage area for 2 riders of bicycles to be next to each other, the rider on the left may approach and enter the intersection as near as practicable to the left side of the other rider, but only if that other rider approaches and enters the intersection in accordance with this

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 22 Note Road-related area includes any shoulder of a road – see rule 13. Starting a right turn from a road with a dividing line Starting a right turn from a one-way road

32 Starting a right turn from a multi-lane road (1) A driver turning right at an intersection from a multi-lane road must approach and enter the intersection from within the right lane (a) the driver is required or permitted to approach and enter the intersection from within another marked lane in accordance with rule 89(1), 92 or 159; or (b) the driver is turning, at B lights or traffic arrows, in accordance

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 23 (c) subrule (2) applies to the driver; or. (d) the lane is a bus only lane. 1 B lights, intersection, marked lane, multi-lane road, public bus and traffic arrows are defined in the dictionary, right lane is defined in subrule (3) and bus only lane is defined in rule 154A(6). 2 Rule 89 (1) deals with right turn only signs, rule 92 deals with traffic lane arrows, and rule 159 deals with traffic signs requiring particular kinds of vehicles to drive in an indicated marked lane. 3 Part 17, Division 2 provides for priority to be given to public buses at intersections with B lights or a white traffic arrow. Example for subrule (1)(a) Starting a right turn on a multi-lane road with traffic lane arrows as required or permitted under rule 92 (2) A driver may approach and enter the intersection from the marked lane next to the right lane as well as, or instead of, the right lane if: and of the intersection; and (d) it is not practicable for the driver to turn right from within the right lane; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 24 safely turn right at the intersection by occupying the next marked lane, or both lanes. (2A) If there is a bicycle storage area before an intersection that extends across one or more marked lanes of a multi-lane road, a rider of a bicycle turning right (but not making a hook turn) must approach and enter the intersection from within the part of the bicycle storage area that is directly in front of the right marked lane or of a bicycle lane that is on the right side of the road. Note right lane means: (a) the marked lane nearest to the dividing line or median strip on the road; or 1 Dividing line, median strip, obstruction and special purpose lane are

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 25 2 Rule 95 deals with driving in an emergency stopping lane and Part 11, Division 6 deals with driving in other special purpose lanes. 33 Making a right turn (1) A driver turning right at an intersection must make the turn in accordance with this rule unless: (a) the driver is turning, at B lights or traffic arrows, in accordance (b) subrule (4) applies to the driver. Note B lights, intersection and traffic arrows are defined in the dictionary. (2) If there is a turn line indicating how the turn is required to be made, the driver must make the turn as indicated by the turn line. Note Turn line is defined in the dictionary. (3) If there is no turn line indicating how the turn is required to be made, the driver must make the turn so the driver: (a) passes as near as practicable to the right of the centre of the

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 26 (b) turns into the left of the centre of the road the driver is entering, unless the driver is entering a one-way road. Note Centre of the road is defined in the dictionary. Making a right turn as indicated by turn lines Making a right turn from a road with no turn lines indicating how to make the turn (4) A driver may turn right other than as indicated by a turn line if: and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 27 (c) it is not practicable for the driver to turn right as indicated by the turn line; and (d) the driver can safely make the turn other than as indicated by the turn line.

Division 3 Hook turns at intersections

34 Making a hook turn at a hook turn only sign (1) A driver turning right at an intersection with traffic lights and a hook turn only sign must turn right by making a hook turn in accordance Note (2) To make a hook turn, the driver must take, in sequence, each of the following steps: 1 Approach and enter the intersection from as near as practicable to the far left side of the road that the driver is leaving. 2 Move forward, keeping as near as practicable to the left of the intersection and clear of any marked foot crossing, until the driver is as near as practicable to the far side of the road that the driver is entering.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 28 3 Remain at the position reached under step 2 until the traffic lights on the road that the driver is entering change to green. 4 Turn right into that road. Note Marked foot crossing is defined in the dictionary. Note Hook turn only sign Example Making a hook turn at a hook turn only sign

35 Optional hook turn by a bicycle rider (1) The rider of a bicycle turning right at an intersection without a hook turn only sign, or a no hook turn by bicycles sign, may turn right at the intersection by making a right turn under Division 2 or a hook turn under this rule. Note Bicycle and intersection are defined in the dictionary. (2) The rider must make a hook turn under this rule in accordance with subrule (3). (3) To make a hook turn under this rule, the rider must take, in sequence, each of the following steps: 1 Approach and enter the intersection from as near as practicable to the far left side of the road that the rider is leaving.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 29 2 Move forward: (a) keeping as near as practicable to the far left side of the (b) keeping clear of any marked foot crossing; and (c) keeping clear, as far as practicable, of any driver turning left from the left of the intersection; until the rider is as near as practicable to the far side of the road that the rider is entering. 3 If there are traffic lights at the intersection, remain at the position reached under step 2 until the traffic lights on the road that the rider is entering change to green. 4 If there are no traffic lights at the intersection, remain at the position reached under step 2 until the rider has given way to approaching drivers on the road that the rider is leaving. 5 Turn right into the road that the rider is entering. Note Approaching and marked foot crossing is defined in the dictionary. (4) To make a hook turn under this rule at an intersection that has a bicycle hook turn storage area on the left side of the intersection as the rider approaches the intersection, the rider must take the following initial 2 steps instead of the initial 2 steps listed in subrule (3): 1 Approach the intersection from the far left side of the road the rider is leaving and enter the intersection by moving into the bicycle hook turn storage area, keeping clear of any marked foot crossing.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 30 2 Move forward in the bicycle hook turn storage area until the rider is as near as practicable to the far side of the road that the rider is entering. Note Bicycle hook turn storage area is defined in the dictionary. Bicycle rider making a hook turn at an intersection without traffic lights

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36 Bicycle rider making a hook turn contrary to no hook turn by bicycles sign The rider of a bicycle must not make a hook turn at an intersection that has a no hook turn by bicycles sign. Note Bicycle and intersection are defined in the dictionary. No hook turn by bicycles sign

Division 4 U-turns Note

37 Beginning a U-turn A driver must not begin a U-turn unless: (b) the driver can safely make the U-turn without unreasonably obstructing the free movement of traffic. 1 Approaching traffic means traffic approaching from any direction – see the definition in the dictionary. 2 Traffic is defined in the dictionary. 38 Giving way when making a U-turn (1) A driver making a U-turn must give way to all vehicles and Note For this rule, give way means the driver must slow down and, if necessary, stop to avoid a collision – see the definition in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 32 (2) Despite subrule (1), a driver does not have to give way to a driver entering the road from a road-related area or adjacent land. Note Adjacent land is defined in the dictionary and road-related area is defined in rule 13. Note

39 Making a U-turn contrary to a no U-turn sign (1) A driver must not make a U-turn at a break in a dividing strip on a road if there is a no U-turn sign at the break in the dividing strip. 1 Dividing strip is defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 322(5) and (6) deal with the meaning of a traffic sign at a break in a dividing strip. (2) A driver must not make a U-turn on a length of road to which a no U-turn sign applies. Note (3) A no U-turn sign on a road (except a no U-turn sign at an intersection or at a break in a dividing strip) applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearer of the following: (a) the next intersection on the road; (b) if the road ends at a T-intersection or dead end – the end of 1 Intersection and T-intersection are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 33 No U-turn signs There is another permitted version of each of these no U-turn signs – see the

40 Making a U-turn at an intersection with traffic lights A driver must not make a U-turn at an intersection with traffic lights unless there is a U-turn permitted sign at the intersection. Note U-turn permitted sign

41 Making a U-turn at an intersection without traffic lights A driver must not make a U-turn at an intersection without traffic lights if there is a no U-turn sign at the intersection. 1 Intersection and traffic lights are defined in the dictionary. 2 U-turns are permitted at intersections without traffic lights unless there is a no U-turn sign, even though traffic lane arrows indicate that the driver must or may turn right – see rule 92.

42 Starting a U-turn at an intersection A driver making a U-turn at an intersection must start the U-turn: (a) if the road where the driver is turning has a dividing line or median strip – from the marked lane nearest, or as near as practicable, to the dividing line or median strip; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 34 (b) in any other case – from the left of the centre of the road. Note Centre of the road, dividing line, intersection, marked lane and median strip Starting a U-turn on a road with a median strip

43 Making a U-turn at certain crossings A driver must not make a U-turn at any of the following crossings, with or without traffic lights, unless there is a U-turn permitted sign at the crossing: (a) children's crossing; (b) level crossing; (c) marked foot crossing; (d) pedestrian crossing. Note Children's crossing is defined in rule 80, level crossing is defined in rule 120, pedestrian crossing is defined in rule 81 and marked foot crossing and traffic lights are defined in the dictionary.

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43A Making a U-turn on a road-related area with traffic lights A driver must not make a U-turn at a place with traffic lights where a road and road-related area intersect unless there is a U-turn permitted sign at the place. 2 Traffic lights is defined in the dictionary and road-related area is defined in rule 13. Part 5 Change of direction and stop signals Division 1 Change of direction signals 44 Division does not apply to entering or leaving a roundabout, lane filtering or repositioning This Division does not apply to: (a) a driver entering, in or leaving a roundabout; or (b) the rider of a motorbike while lane filtering in accordance with rule 151A; or (c) the rider of a motorbike while repositioning the motorbike within the same lane in order to avoid a hazard or reduce the risk of a crash. 1 Part 9 deals with giving change of direction signals when entering or leaving a roundabout. 2 Lane filtering is defined in rule 151A. 45 What is changing direction (1) A driver changes direction if the driver changes direction to the left or the driver changes direction to the right. (2) A driver changes direction to the left by doing any of the (a) turning left; (b) changing marked lanes to the left; (c) diverging to the left;

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 36 (d) entering a marked lane, or a line of traffic, to the left; (e) moving to the left to, or from, a stationary position; (f) turning left into a marked lane, or a line of traffic, from a median strip parking area; (g) at a T-intersection where the continuing road curves to the right – leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead onto the terminating road. 1 Marked lane and median strip parking area are defined in the dictionary. 2 For the meaning of left, see rule 351(1). (3) A driver changes direction to the right by doing any of the (a) turning right; (b) changing marked lanes to the right; (c) diverging to the right; (d) entering a marked lane, or a line of traffic, to the right; (e) moving to the right from a stationary position; (f) turning right into a marked lane, or a line of traffic, from a median strip parking area; (g) making a U-turn; (h) at a T-intersection where the continuing road curves to the left – leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead onto the terminating road. 1 U-turn is defined in the dictionary. 2 For the meaning of right, see rule 351(2).

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 37 Examples for subrules (2)(g) and (3)(h) Driver indicating change of direction at a T-intersection where the continuing road curves to the right and the driver is proceeding straight ahead onto the terminating road Driver indicating change of direction at a T-intersection where the continuing road curves to the left and the driver is proceeding straight ahead onto the terminating road

46 Giving a left change of direction signal (1) Before a driver changes direction to the left, the driver must give a left change of direction signal in accordance with rule 47 for long enough to comply with subrule (2) and, if subrule (3) applies to the driver, that subrule. Note Changes direction to the left is defined in rule 45(2). (2) The driver must give the change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians. (3) If the driver is about to change direction by moving from a stationary position at the side of the road or in a median strip parking area, the driver must give the change of direction signal for at least 5 seconds before the driver changes direction. Note (4) The driver must stop giving the change of direction signal as soon as the driver completes the change of direction.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 38 (5) This rule does not apply to a driver if the driver's vehicle is not fitted Note

47 How to give a left change of direction signal The driver of a vehicle must give a left change of direction signal by operating the vehicle's left direction indicator lights.

48 Giving a right change of direction signal (1) Before a driver changes direction to the right, the driver must give a right change of direction signal in accordance with rule 49 for long enough to comply with subrule (2) and, if subrule (3) applies to the driver, that subrule. Note Changes direction to the right is defined in rule 45(3). (2) The driver must give the change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians. (3) If the driver is about to change direction by moving from a stationary position at the side of the road or in a median strip parking area, the driver must give the change of direction signal for at least 5 seconds before the driver changes direction. Note (3A) Subrule (3) does not apply to the rider of a bicycle that is stopped in traffic but not parked. (4) The driver must stop giving the change of direction signal as soon as the driver completes the change of direction. (5) This rule does not apply to: (a) the driver of a tram that is not fitted with direction indicator lights; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 39 (b) the rider of a bicycle making a hook turn. 1 Bicycle and tram are defined in the dictionary. 2 Rules 34 and 35 deal with bicycles making hook turns. 49 How to give a right change of direction signal (1) The driver of a vehicle must give a right change of direction signal by operating the vehicle's right direction indicator lights. (2) However, if the vehicle's direction indicator lights are not in working order or are not clearly visible, or the vehicle is not fitted with direction indicator lights, the driver must give the change of direction signal by giving a hand signal in accordance with rule 50, or using a mechanical signalling device fitted to the vehicle. 1 The application of this rule is modified by regulation 78 of the Traffic 2 Mechanical signalling device is defined in the dictionary. 50 How to give a right change of direction signal by giving a hand signal To give a hand signal for changing direction to the right, the driver must extend the right arm and hand horizontally and at right angles from the right side of the vehicle, with the hand open and the palm facing the direction of travel. Giving a hand signal for changing direction to the right

51 When use of direction indicator lights permitted The driver of a vehicle must not operate a direction indicator light except: (a) to give a change of direction signal when the driver is required to give the signal under the Australian Road Rules; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 40 (b) as part of the vehicle's hazard warning lights. Note Rule 221 deals with the use of hazard warning lights. Division 2 Stop signals

52 Division does not apply to bicycle riders or certain tram drivers This Division does not apply to the rider of a bicycle, or the driver of a tram that is not fitted with brake lights. Note Bicycle and tram are defined in the dictionary.

53 Giving a stop signal (1) A driver must give a stop signal in accordance with rule 54 before stopping or when suddenly slowing. (2) If the driver is stopping, the driver must give the stop signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other road users. (3) If the driver is slowing suddenly, the driver must give the stop signal while slowing.

54 How to give a stop signal (1) The driver of a vehicle must give a stop signal by means of the vehicle's brake lights. (2) However, if the vehicle's brake lights are not in working order or are not clearly visible, or the vehicle is not fitted with brake lights, the driver must give the stop signal by giving a hand signal in accordance with rule 55, or using a mechanical signalling device fitted to the vehicle. 1 The application of this rule is modified by regulation 78 of the Traffic Regulations 1999 2 Mechanical signalling device is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 41

55 How to give a stop signal by giving a hand signal (1) To give a hand signal for stopping or suddenly slowing, the driver must extend the right arm and hand at right angles from the right side of the vehicle, with the upper arm horizontal and the forearm and hand pointing upwards, and with the hand open and the palm facing the direction of travel. (2) However, the rider of a motor bike may give the hand signal by extending the left arm and hand at right angles from the left side of the motor bike, with the upper arm horizontal and the forearm and hand pointing upwards, and with the hand open and the palm facing the direction of travel. Note Giving a hand signal for stopping or suddenly slowing Part 6 Traffic lights, traffic arrows and twin red lights Division 1 Obeying traffic lights and traffic arrows 1 Traffic arrows and traffic lights are defined in the dictionary. Traffic arrows are a traffic control device designed to show a traffic arrow, or 2 or more traffic arrows at different times – see the definition in the dictionary. 2 A reference in a rule of this Part to a green, yellow or red traffic light or traffic arrow is a reference to a steady green, yellow or red traffic light or traffic arrow, unless otherwise stated in the rule – see rule 323. 3 The rules dealing with T lights and B lights, which apply to drivers of trams and public buses, are in Part 17.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 42

56 Stopping for a red traffic light or arrow (1) A driver approaching or at traffic lights showing a red traffic light (a) if there is a stop line at or near the traffic lights – as near as (b) if there is a stop here on red signal sign at or near the traffic lights, but no stop line – as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the sign; or (c) if there is no stop line or stop here on red signal sign at or near the traffic lights – as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the nearest or only traffic lights; and must not proceed past the stop line, stop here on red signal sign or nearest or only traffic lights (as the case may be) until the traffic lights show a green or flashing yellow traffic light or no traffic Note Red traffic light and stop line are defined in the dictionary. Example for subrule (1)(b) Stopping at a stop here on red signal sign on a road the driver is entering In this example the driver may go straight ahead, or turn right or left, if there is a green traffic light showing at 1. However, the driver must not go beyond the stop here on red signal sign at 2 if there is a red traffic light showing on the road the driver is entering (see 2 and 3).

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 43 (1A) However, if the traffic lights are at an intersection with a left turn on Note (2) A driver approaching or at traffic arrows showing a red traffic arrow who is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow must stop: (a) if there is a stop line at or near the traffic arrows – as near as (b) if there is a stop here on red arrow sign at or near the traffic arrows, but no stop line – as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the sign; or (c) if there is no stop line or stop here on red arrow sign at or near the traffic arrows – as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the nearest or only traffic arrows; and must not proceed past the stop line, stop here on red arrow sign or nearest or only traffic arrows (as the case may be) until the traffic arrows show a green or flashing yellow traffic arrow or no traffic arrow. 1 Red traffic arrow is defined in the dictionary. 2 This rule only applies to a driver turning left using a slip lane if the red traffic light or red traffic arrow applies to the slip lane – see Part 20, Divisions 2 and 3, especially rules 330 and 345. 3 Rule 58 deals with when a driver does not have to stop for a red traffic light. 4 The driver of a tram or a public bus does not have to stop at traffic lights showing a red traffic light if a white T light (for trams) or a white B light (for public buses) is also showing, or a white traffic arrow is showing and the driver is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow – see rules 278 and 285.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 44 Stop here on red signal sign Stop here on red arrow sign There is another permitted version of the stop here on red signal sign – see the diagram in Schedule 3. (3) If there is a bicycle storage area before any traffic lights referred to in subrule (1) or (2), a reference to the stop line in subrule (1)(a) or (2)(a): (a) in the case of a driver of a motor vehicle, is a reference to the first stop line that the driver comes, or came, to in approaching the lights; (b) in the case of a rider of a bicycle, is a reference to the stop line that is nearest to the intersection. Note

57 Stopping for a yellow traffic light or arrow (1) A driver approaching or at traffic lights showing a yellow traffic light (a) if there is a stop line at or near the traffic lights and the driver can stop safely before reaching the stop line – as near as (b) if there is no stop line at or near the traffic lights and the driver can stop safely before reaching the traffic lights – as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the nearest or only traffic lights; or (c) if the traffic lights are at an intersection and the driver cannot stop safely in accordance with paragraph (a) or (b), but can stop safely before entering the intersection – before entering the intersection;

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 45 and must not proceed past the stop line or nearest or only traffic lights, or into the intersection (as the case may be), until the traffic lights show a green or flashing yellow traffic light or no traffic light. Note Enter, intersection, stop line and yellow traffic light are defined in the (2) A driver approaching or at traffic arrows showing a yellow traffic arrow who is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow must stop: (a) if there is a stop line at or near the traffic arrows and the driver can stop safely before reaching the stop line – as near as (b) if there is no stop line at or near the traffic arrows and the driver can stop safely before reaching the traffic arrows – as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the nearest or only traffic arrows; or (c) if the traffic arrows are at an intersection and the driver cannot stop safely in accordance with paragraph (a) or (b), but can stop safely before entering the intersection – before entering the intersection; and must not proceed past the stop line or nearest or only traffic arrows, or into the intersection (as the case may be), until the traffic arrows show a green or flashing yellow traffic arrow or no traffic Note Enter, intersection, stop line and yellow traffic arrow are defined in the (3) If the traffic lights or traffic arrows (as the case may be) are at an intersection and the driver is not able to stop safely under subrule (1) or (2) (as the case may be) and enters the intersection, the driver must leave the intersection as soon as the driver can do so safely. 1 Intersection does not include a road-related area – see the definition in the Dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 46 2 This rule applies to a driver turning left using a slip lane only if the yellow traffic light or yellow traffic arrow (as the case may be) applies to the slip lane – see Part 20, Divisions 2 and 3, especially rules 330 and 345. 3 Rule 58 deals with when a driver does not have to stop at a yellow traffic (4) If there is a bicycle storage area before any traffic lights referred to in subrule (1) or (2), a reference to the stop line in subrule (1)(a) or (2)(a): (a) in the case of a driver of a motor vehicle, is a reference to the first stop line that the driver comes, or came, to in approaching the lights; (b) in the case of a rider of a bicycle, is a reference to the stop line that is nearest to the intersection. Note

58 Exceptions to stopping for a red or yellow traffic light (1) A driver approaching or at traffic lights showing a red or yellow traffic light does not have to stop if a green traffic arrow is also Note Green traffic arrow, red traffic light and yellow traffic light are defined in the (2) A driver turning at an intersection with traffic lights who approaches or is at a red traffic light on the road that the driver is entering does not have to stop for that traffic light if there is no stop line or stop here on red signal sign at or near the traffic light. Note Intersection and stop line are defined in the dictionary.

59 Proceeding through a red traffic light (1) If traffic lights at an intersection or marked foot crossing are showing a red traffic light, a driver must not enter the intersection or marked foot crossing. 1 Enter, intersection, marked foot crossing and red traffic light are defined

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 47 2 Rules 56 and 57 deal with stopping for a red or yellow traffic light, and proceeding while the light remains red or yellow. Rule 60 deals with proceeding through a red traffic arrow. (2) However, if the traffic lights are at an intersection with a left turn on Note (3) Also, subrule (1) does not apply to a driver if rule 58(1) applies to Note Rule 58 deals with when a driver does not have to stop for a red traffic light. Left turn on red after stopping sign

60 Proceeding through a red traffic arrow If traffic arrows at an intersection or marked foot crossing are showing a red traffic arrow, and a driver is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow, the driver must not enter the intersection or marked foot crossing. 1 Enter, intersection, marked foot crossing and red traffic arrow are 2 Rules 56 and 57 deal with stopping for a red or yellow traffic arrow.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 48

60A Proceeding through a bicycle storage area before a red traffic light or arrow (1) If there is a bicycle storage area before traffic lights that are showing a red traffic light, a driver of a motor vehicle must not allow any part of the vehicle to enter the bicycle storage area. Note Bicycle storage area, red traffic light, and motor vehicle are defined in the (2) If there is a bicycle storage area before traffic arrows that are showing a red traffic arrow, and a driver of a motor vehicle is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow, the driver must not allow any part of the vehicle to enter the bicycle storage area. Note Red traffic arrow is defined in the dictionary.

61 Proceeding when traffic lights or arrows at an intersection change to yellow or red (a) a driver at an intersection with traffic lights showing a green traffic light who has stopped after the stop line, stop here on red signal sign, or nearest or only traffic lights, at the intersection and is not making a hook turn at the intersection; or (b) a driver at an intersection with traffic arrows showing a green traffic arrow who is turning in the direction indicated by the arrow and has stopped after the stop line, stop here on red arrow sign, or nearest or only traffic arrows, at the intersection. A driver may stop after the stop line at an intersection with traffic lights showing a green traffic light, and not proceed through the intersection, because traffic is congested. 1 Green traffic arrow, green traffic light, intersection and stop line are 2 Hook turns are dealt with in rules 34 and 35.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 49 (2) If the traffic lights or traffic arrows (as the case may be) change to yellow or red while the driver is stopped and the driver has not entered the intersection, the driver must not enter the intersection. Note Enter is defined in the dictionary. (3) However, if the traffic lights are at an intersection with a left turn on Note (4) Also, subrule (2) does not apply to a driver if rule 58(1) applies to Note Rule 58 deals with when a driver does not have to stop for a red traffic light. (5) If the traffic lights or traffic arrows (as the case may be) change to yellow or red while the driver is stopped and the driver has entered the intersection, the driver must leave the intersection as soon as the driver can do so safely. Note Intersection does not include a road-related area – see the definition in the Division 2 Giving way at traffic lights and traffic arrows Note Traffic lights are defined in the dictionary.

62 Giving way when turning at an intersection with traffic lights (1) A driver turning at an intersection with traffic lights must give way to: (a) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road the driver is entering; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 50 (b) if the driver is turning left at a left turn on red after stopping sign at the intersection: (i) any vehicle approaching from the right, turning right at the intersection into the road the driver is entering or making a U-turn; and (ii) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is on the road the driver is leaving; and (c) if the driver is turning right – any oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead or turning left at the intersection (except a vehicle turning left using a slip lane). 1 Intersection, oncoming vehicle, slip lane, straight ahead and U-turn are to proceed – see the definition in the dictionary. 3 Rule 322(3) and (4) deal with the meaning of a traffic sign at an intersection. 4 A driver turning left at a left turn on red after stopping sign, at an intersection with traffic lights showing a red traffic light, must stop in accordance with rule 56(1) before making the turn. 5 The application of this rule and rule 353(1) and (2) is modified by 6 In relation to paragraph (a), rule 353(1), as modified by regulation 78AAA, (2) However, a driver who is turning at an intersection with traffic arrows showing a green traffic arrow need not give way to an oncoming vehicle if the driver is turning in the direction indicated by the green traffic arrow. Note Green traffic arrow is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 51 Giving way to a pedestrian on the road the driver is entering oncoming vehicle going straight ahead Driver turning right does not have to give way to an oncoming vehicle that is turning left into the road the driver is entering using a slip lane In example 1, the vehicle must give way to the pedestrian. In examples 2 and 3, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A.

63 Giving way at an intersection with traffic lights not operating or only partly operating (1) This rule applies to a driver at an intersection if traffic lights at the intersection are not operating, or the traffic lights are showing only a flashing yellow traffic light. Note Intersection and yellow traffic light are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 52 (2) If there is a traffic light-stop sign at the intersection, the driver must comply with rule 67 as if the sign were a stop sign at an intersection without traffic lights. 1 Rule 322(3) and (4) deal with the meaning of a traffic sign at an intersection. 2 Rule 67 deals with stopping and giving way at a stop sign or stop line at an intersection without traffic lights. 3 There is no requirement under Division 1 of this Part for a driver to stop for a flashing yellow traffic light or traffic lights that are not operating. (3) If there is no traffic light-stop sign at the intersection, the driver must give way to vehicles and pedestrians at or near the intersection in accordance with rule 72 or 73 as if the intersection were an intersection without traffic lights, or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line. 1 Give way line and stop line are defined in the dictionary. 2 Rules 72 and 73 deal with giving way at an intersection (except a roundabout) without traffic lights, or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applying to the driver. Traffic light-stop sign (4) Subrule (3) does not apply if the intersection is a roundabout. 1 Roundabout is defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 114 requires a driver entering a roundabout to give way to any vehicle in the roundabout and to any tram that is entering or approaching the roundabout.

64 Giving way at a flashing yellow traffic arrow at an intersection A driver turning in the direction indicated by a flashing yellow traffic arrow at an intersection with traffic lights must give way to: (a) any vehicle travelling on the road the driver is entering; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 53 (b) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road the driver is entering; and (c) if the driver is turning right – any oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead or turning left at the intersection (except a vehicle turning left using a slip lane). 1 Intersection, oncoming vehicle, slip lane, straight ahead and yellow traffic arrow are defined in the dictionary. 3 There is no requirement under Division 1 of this Part for a driver to stop for a flashing yellow traffic arrow. 4 The application of this rule and rule 353(1) and (2) is modified by 5 In relation to paragraph (b), rule 353(1), as modified by regulation 78AAA, 65 Giving way at a marked foot crossing (except at an intersection) with a flashing yellow traffic light (1) This rule applies to a driver approaching or at a marked foot crossing (except at or near an intersection) with a flashing yellow traffic light at the crossing. Note Intersection, marked foot crossing and yellow traffic light are defined in the (2) The driver must: (a) give way to any pedestrian on or entering the crossing; and (b) not obstruct any pedestrian on the crossing; and (c) not overtake or pass a vehicle that is travelling in the same direction as the driver and is stopping, or has stopped, to give way at the crossing; and (d) give way to any bicycle rider on or entering the crossing.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 54 1 Overtake is defined in the dictionary. 2 For subrule (2), give way means the driver must slow down and, if (3) If there is no pedestrian or bicycle rider on the crossing, and no other vehicle travelling in the same direction as the driver that is stopping, or has stopped, to give way at the crossing, the driver may proceed through the crossing. Division 3 Twin red lights (except at level crossings)

66 Stopping for twin red lights (except at level crossings) (1) A driver approaching or at twin red lights on a road (except at a level crossing) must stop in accordance with subrules (2) and (3). 1 Level crossing is defined in rule 120, and twin red lights is defined in the 2 Rule 322(1) and (2) deal with the meaning of a traffic control device on a 3 Twin red lights are generally erected at bridges, ambulance stations, fire stations or level crossings. The rules about stopping at level crossings are in Part 10. (2) If there is a stop line at or near the lights and the driver can stop safely before reaching the stop line, the driver must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the stop line. Note Stop line is defined in the dictionary. (3) If there is no stop line at or near the lights and the driver can stop safely before reaching the lights, the driver must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the lights. (4) If the driver stops for the lights, the driver must not proceed until the lights are not showing.

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Part 7 Giving way 1 The rules in this Part deal with giving way in most situations. In addition, other rules requiring a driver to give way include: • making a U-turn – rule 38 • turning at traffic lights at an intersection – rule 62 • at an intersection with traffic lights that are not operating or only partly operating – rule 63 • turning at a flashing yellow traffic arrow at an intersection – rule 64 • at a marked foot crossing with a flashing yellow traffic light – rule 65 • entering and driving in a roundabout – rule 114 • by the rider of a bicycle or animal to a vehicle leaving a roundabout – rule 119 • at a stop sign at a level crossing – rule 121 • at a give way sign or give way line at a level crossing – rule 122 • moving from one marked lane to another marked lane, or from one line of traffic to another line of traffic – rule 148 • when lines of traffic merge into a single line of traffic – rule 149 • for pedestrians crossing the road near a stopped tram – rules 163, 164 and 164A. 2 For the meaning of left and right, see rule 351(1) and (2).

Division 1 Giving way at a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applying to the driver Note For a driver, a reference in a rule in this Division to a traffic sign or road marking is a reference to a traffic sign or road marking applying to the driver – see rules 338 to 341.

67 Stopping and giving way at a stop sign or stop line at an intersection without traffic lights (1) A driver at an intersection with a stop sign or stop line, but without traffic lights, must stop and give way in accordance with this rule. 1 Intersection and stop line are defined in the dictionary. This rule applies also to T-intersections – see the definition of intersection. 3 Part 6 deals with stopping and giving way at an intersection with traffic lights.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 56 4 This rule only applies to a driver turning left using a slip lane if the stop sign or stop line applies to the slip lane – see Part 20, Divisions 2 and 3, especially rules 330 and 345. (2) The driver must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching: (a) the stop line; or (b) if there is no stop line – the intersection. (3) The driver must give way to a vehicle in, entering or approaching the intersection except: (a) an oncoming vehicle turning right at the intersection if a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the oncoming vehicle; or (b) a vehicle turning left at the intersection using a slip lane; or (c) a vehicle making a U-turn. Note Enter, give way line, oncoming vehicle, slip lane and U-turn are defined in the (4) If the driver is turning left or right or making a U-turn, the driver must also give way to any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road, or part of the road, the driver is entering.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 57 (5) For this rule, an oncoming vehicle travelling through a T-intersection on the continuing road is taken not to be turning. Stop line sign to vehicles on the left and right In example 2, vehicle B must stop and give way to each vehicle A. sign to an oncoming vehicle at a stop sign sign to an oncoming vehicle that is not at a stop sign or give way sign In examples 3 and 4, vehicle B must stop and give way to vehicle A.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 58

68 Stopping and giving way at a stop sign or stop line at other places (1) A driver approaching or at a place with a stop sign or stop line must stop and give way in accordance with this rule, unless the place is: (a) an intersection; or (b) a children's crossing; or (c) an area of a road that is not a children's crossing only because it does not have: (i) children crossing flags; or (ii) children's crossing signs and twin yellow lights; or (d) a level crossing; or (e) a place with twin red lights. 1 A stop sign at a break in a dividing strip dividing the part of the road used by the main body of moving vehicles from a service road. 2 A stop sign on an exit from a carpark where the exit joins the road. 1 Children's crossing is defined in rule 80, intersection, stop line and twin red lights are defined in the dictionary, and level crossing is defined in rule 120. 3 For the stopping and giving way rules applying to a driver at an intersection or level crossing with a stop sign or stop line, see rule 67 (intersections) and rule 121 (level crossings). Rule 80 deals with stopping at a stop line at a children's crossing. (2) The driver must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching: (a) the stop line; or (b) if there is no stop line – the stop sign.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 59 (3) The driver must give way to any vehicle or pedestrian at or near the stop line or stop sign. sign at a break in a dividing strip Stopping and giving way at a stop sign where a carpark exit joins a road In each example, vehicle B must stop and give way to vehicle A.

69 Giving way at a give way sign or give way line at an intersection (except a roundabout) (1) A driver at an intersection (except a roundabout) with a give way sign or give way line must give way in accordance with this rule. 1 Give way line and intersection are defined in the dictionary, and roundabout is defined in rule 109. This rule also applies to T-intersections – see the definition of intersection. (2) Unless the driver is turning left using a slip lane, the driver must give way to a vehicle in, entering or approaching the intersection except: (a) an oncoming vehicle turning right at the intersection if a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the oncoming vehicle; or (b) a vehicle turning left at the intersection using a slip lane; or (c) a vehicle making a U-turn. Note Enter, oncoming vehicle, slip lane, stop line and U-turn are defined in the

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 60 (2A) If the driver is turning left using a slip lane, the driver must give way to: (a) any vehicle on the road the driver is entering, or turning right at the intersection into the road the driver is entering (except a vehicle making a U-turn at the intersection); and (b) any other vehicle or pedestrian on the slip lane. (3) If the driver is turning left or right or making a U-turn, the driver must also give way to any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road, or part of the road, the driver is entering. (4) For this rule, an oncoming vehicle travelling through a T-intersection on the continuing rod is taken not to be turning. Give way line Giving way at a give way sign to vehicles on the left and right

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 61 In example 2, vehicle B must give way to each vehicle A. Giving way at a give way sign to an oncoming vehicle at a give way sign Giving way at a give way sign to an oncoming vehicle that is not at a stop sign or give way sign In examples 3 and 4, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. Driver turning right at a give way line does not have to give way to a vehicle turning left using a slip lane In example 5, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A.

70 Giving way at a give way sign at a bridge or length of narrow road A driver approaching a bridge or length of narrow road with a give way sign must give way to any oncoming vehicle that is on, or approaching, the bridge or length of road when the driver reaches the sign.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 62 Giving way at a bridge Giving way at a length of narrow road In each example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A.

71 Giving way at a give way sign or give way line at other places (1) A driver approaching or at a place (except an intersection, bridge or length of narrow road, level crossing, or a place with twin red lights) with a give way sign or give way line must give way in accordance 1 A give way sign at a break in a dividing strip dividing the part of the road used by the main body of moving vehicles from a service road. 2 A give way sign on a road at a place where a bicycle path meets the road. 1 Give way line, intersection and twin red lights are defined in the dictionary, and level crossing is defined in rule 120. 3 For the give way rules applying to a driver at an intersection, bridge or length of narrow road, or level crossing, with a give way sign or give way line, see rule 69 (intersections), rule 70 (bridges and lengths of narrow road) and rule 122 (level crossings). (2) The driver must give way to any vehicle or pedestrian at or near the give way sign or give way line.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 63 Giving way at a give way sign at a break in a dividing strip Giving way at a give way sign where a bicycle path meets a road In example 1, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. In example 2, the motor vehicle must give way to the bicycle. Division 2 Giving way at an intersection without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applying to the driver Note For a driver, a reference in a rule in this Division to a traffic sign or road marking is a reference to a traffic sign or road marking applying to the driver – see rules 338 to 341.

72 Giving way at an intersection (except a T-intersection or roundabout) (1) A driver at an intersection (except a T-intersection or roundabout) without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line, must give way in accordance with this rule. 1 Give way line, intersection, stop line, T-intersection and traffic lights are defined in the dictionary, and roundabout is defined in rule 109. (2) If the driver is going straight ahead, the driver must give way to any vehicle approaching from the right, unless a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the approaching vehicle.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 64 Driver going straight ahead giving way to a vehicle on the right that is going straight ahead Driver going straight ahead giving way to a vehicle on the right that is turning right In each example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. Note Straight ahead is defined in the dictionary. (3) If the driver is turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane), the driver must give way to: (a) any vehicle approaching from the right, unless a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the approaching vehicle; and (b) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road the driver is entering. Driver turning left giving way to a vehicle on the right that is going straight ahead Driver turning left giving way to a pedestrian on the road the driver is entering In example 3, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. In example 4, the vehicle must give way to the pedestrian.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 65 1 Slip lane is defined in the dictionary. (4) If the driver is turning left using a slip lane, the driver must give way to: (a) any vehicle approaching from the right or turning right at the intersection into the road the driver is entering (except a vehicle making a U-turn at the intersection); and (b) any pedestrian on or entering the slip lane. Driver turning left using a slip lane giving way to a vehicle that is turning right into the road the driver is entering In this example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. Note (4A) Subrule (4)(b) does not apply if another law of this jurisdiction does not require a driver who is turning left using a slip lane to give way to a pedestrian on or entering a slip lane. Note

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 66 (5) If the driver is turning right, the driver must give way to: (a) any vehicle approaching from the right, unless a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the approaching vehicle; and (b) any oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead or turning left at the intersection, unless: (i) a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line applies to the driver of the oncoming vehicle; or (ii) the oncoming vehicle is turning left using a slip lane; and (c) any pedestrian at or near the intersection who is crossing the road the driver is entering. 3 In relation to paragraph (c), rule 353(1), as modified by regulation 78AAA, Driver turning right giving way to a vehicle on the right that is turning right into the road the driver is leaving oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead on the road the driver is leaving In examples 6 and 7, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 67 Example 8 oncoming vehicle that is turning left into the road the driver is entering Example 9 Driver turning right giving way to a pedestrian on the road the driver is entering In example 8, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. In example 9, the vehicle must give way to the pedestrian.

73 Giving way at a T-intersection (1) A driver at a T-intersection without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line, must give way in accordance 1 Give way line, stop line, T-intersection and traffic lights are defined in the 3 Rule 75(1)(d) requires a driver at a T-intersection to give way when crossing the continuing road to enter a road-related area or adjacent land. (2) If the driver is turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane) or right from the terminating road into the continuing road, the driver must give way to: (a) any vehicle travelling on the continuing road (except a vehicle making a U-turn on the continuing road at the T-intersection); and (b) any pedestrian who is crossing the continuing road at or near 1 Continuing road, slip lane and terminating road are defined in the

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 68 vehicle on the continuing road Driver turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane) from the pedestrian on the continuing road In example 1, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. In example 2, the vehicle must give way to the pedestrian. (3) If the driver is turning left from the terminating road into the continuing road using a slip lane, the driver must give way to: (a) any vehicle travelling on the continuing road (except a vehicle making a U-turn on the continuing road at the T-intersection); and (b) any pedestrian on the slip lane. Note

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 69 (4) If the driver is turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane) from the continuing road into the terminating road, the driver must give way to any pedestrian who is crossing the terminating road at or near the intersection. Driver turning left (except if the driver is using a slip lane) from the continuing road giving way to a pedestrian on the terminating road In this example, the vehicle must give way to the pedestrian. (5) If the driver is turning from the continuing road into the terminating road using a slip lane, the driver must give way to: (a) any vehicle approaching from the right (except a vehicle making a U-turn from the terminating road at the T-intersection); and (b) any pedestrian on or entering the slip lane. Note

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 70 (5A) Subrule (5)(b) does not apply if another law of this jurisdiction does not require a driver who is turning from a continuing road into a terminating road using a slip lane to give way to a pedestrian on or entering a slip lane. Note (6) If the driver is turning right from the continuing road into the terminating road, the driver must give way to: (a) any oncoming vehicle that is travelling through the intersection on the continuing road or turning left at the intersection; and (b) any pedestrian who is crossing the terminating road at or near turning left from the continuing road into the terminating road, for a driver, includes, where the continuing road curves to the right at a T-intersection, leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead onto the terminating road. turning right from the continuing road into the terminating road, for a driver, includes, where the continuing road curves to the left at a T-intersection, leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead onto the terminating road. Note Straight ahead is defined in the dictionary

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 71 continuing road giving way to an oncoming vehicle travelling through the intersection on the continuing road Driver leaving the continuing road to proceed straight ahead on the vehicle travelling through the intersection on the continuing road Example 5 shows a T-intersection where the continuing road (which is marked with broken white lines) goes around a corner. Vehicle B is leaving the continuing road to enter the terminating road. In examples 4 and 5, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. continuing road giving way to an oncoming vehicle turning left from the continuing road continuing road giving way to a pedestrian on the terminating road In example 6, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. In example 7, the vehicle must give way to the pedestrian.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 72 Division 3 Entering or leaving road-related areas and

74 Giving way when entering a road from a road-related area or (1) A driver entering a road from a road-related area, or adjacent land, without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line must give way to: (a) any vehicle travelling on the road or turning into the road (except a vehicle turning right into the road from a road-related area or adjacent land); and (ab) a driver making a U-turn on the road; and (b) any pedestrian on the road; and (c) any vehicle or pedestrian on any road-related area that the driver crosses to enter the road; and (d) for a driver entering the road from a road-related area: (i) any pedestrian on the road-related area; and (ii) any other vehicle ahead of the driver's vehicle or approaching from the left or right. 1 Adjacent land, give way line, stop line, traffic lights and U-turn are defined in the dictionary, and road-related area is defined in rule 13. 2 Adjacent land or a road-related area can include a driveway, service station or shopping centre – see the definitions of adjacent land and road-related area. Some shopping centres may include roads – see the definition of road in rule 12. 3 Part 6 applies to the driver if there are traffic lights. Rule 68 applies to the driver if there is a stop sign or stop line, and rule 71 applies to the driver if there is a give way sign or give way line. 4 For this rule, give way means the driver must slow down and, if necessary, 5 The application of this rule is modified by regulation 78AAA of the Traffic

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 73 Note Driver entering a road from a road-related area giving way to a pedestrian on the footpath and a vehicle on the road In this example, vehicle B must give way to the pedestrian on the footpath and to vehicle A.

75 Giving way when entering a road-related area or adjacent land from a road (1) A driver entering a road-related area or adjacent land from a place on a road without traffic lights or a stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line must give way to: (a) any pedestrian on the road; and (b) any vehicle or pedestrian on any road-related area that the driver crosses or enters; and (c) if the driver is turning right from the road – any oncoming vehicle on the road that is going straight ahead or turning left; and (d) if the road the driver is leaving ends at a T-intersection opposite the road-related area or adjacent land and the driver is crossing the continuing road – any vehicle on the continuing

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 74 1 Adjacent land, continuing road, give way line, oncoming vehicle, stop line, straight ahead, T-intersection and traffic lights are defined in the dictionary, and road-related area is defined in rule 13. 2 Adjacent land or a road-related area can include a driveway, service station or shopping centre – see the definitions of adjacent land and road-related area. Some shopping centres may include roads – see the definition of road in rule 12. 4 Part 6 applies to the driver if there are traffic lights. Rule 68 applies to the driver if there is a stop sign or stop line, and rule 71 applies to the driver if there is a give way sign or give way line. Note Driver turning right from a road into a road related area giving way to an oncoming vehicle that is going straight ahead and to a pedestrian on the footpath Driver crossing a continuing road at a T-intersection to enter a road- related area giving way to a vehicle on the continuing road In each example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. In example 1, vehicle B must also give way to the pedestrian on the footpath.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 75 Division 4 Keeping clear of and giving way to particular

76 Keeping clear of trams travelling in tram lanes etc. (1) A driver must not move into the path of an approaching tram travelling in a tram lane, or on tram tracks marked along the left side of the tracks by a broken or continuous yellow line parallel to the tracks. Note Approaching, left, tram and tram tracks are defined in the dictionary, and tram lane is defined in rule 155. (2) If a driver is in the path of an approaching tram travelling in a tram lane, or on tram tracks marked along the left side of the tracks by a broken or continuous yellow line parallel to the tracks, the driver must move out of the path of the tram as soon as the driver can do so safely. Note Bus and travelling along tram tracks are defined in the dictionary.

77 Giving way to buses (1) A driver driving on a length of road in a built-up area, in the left lane or left line of traffic, or in a bicycle lane on the far left side of the road, must give way to a bus in front of the driver if: (a) the bus has stopped, or is moving slowly, at the far left side of the road, on a shoulder of the road, or in a bus-stop bay; and (b) the bus displays a give way to buses sign and the right direction indicator lights of the bus are operating; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 76 (c) the bus is about to enter or proceed in the lane or line of traffic in which the driver is driving. 1 Built-up area, bus and length of road are defined in the dictionary, left lane and left line of traffic are defined in subrule (2), and shoulder is defined in rule 12. 3 The driver of the bus must give the change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians – see rule 48(2) 4 Under rule 87(1), a driver entering a marked lane, or a line of traffic, from the side of the road must give way to any vehicle travelling in the lane or line of traffic. However, the driver of a public bus does not have to give way to a vehicle if the vehicle is required to give way to the bus under this rule and it is safe for the bus to enter the lane, or line of traffic, in which the other vehicle is travelling – see rule 87(2). left lane, of a road, means: (a) the marked lane nearest to the far left side of the road (the first lane) or, if the first lane is a bicycle lane, the marked lane next to the first lane; or (b) if there is an obstruction in the first lane (for example, a parked car or roadworks) and the first lane is not a bicycle lane – the marked lane next to the first lane. left line of traffic, for a road, means the line of traffic nearest to the far left side of the road. Note Marked lane and obstruction are defined in the dictionary, and bicycle lane is defined in rule 153. Give way to buses sign This sign is displayed on buses.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 77 Note The application of this rule is modified by regulation 78AA of the Traffic

78 Keeping clear of police and emergency vehicles (1) A driver must not move into the path of an approaching police or emergency vehicle that is displaying a flashing blue or red light (whether or not it is also displaying other lights) or sounding an alarm. Note Approaching, emergency vehicle and police vehicle are defined in the (2) If a driver is in the path of an approaching police or emergency vehicle that is displaying a flashing blue or red light (whether or not it is also displaying other lights) or sounding an alarm, the driver must move out of the path of the vehicle as soon as the driver can do so safely. (3) This rule applies to the driver despite any other rule of the

79 Giving way to police and emergency vehicles (1) A driver must give way to a police or emergency vehicle that is displaying a flashing blue or red light (whether or not it is also displaying other lights) or sounding an alarm. 1 Emergency vehicle and police vehicle are defined in the dictionary. 2 For this rule, give way means: (a) if the driver is stopped – remain stationary until it is safe to proceed; or (b) in any other case – slow down and, if necessary, stop to avoid a collision; – see the definition in the dictionary. (2) This rule applies to the driver despite any other rule of the Australian Road Rules that would otherwise require the driver of a police or emergency vehicle to give way to the driver.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 78

Division 5 Crossings and shared zones

80 Stopping at a children's crossing (1) A driver approaching a children's crossing must drive at a speed at which the driver can, if necessary, stop safely before the crossing. Note Children's crossing is defined in subrule (6). (2) A driver approaching or at a children's crossing must stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the stop line at the crossing if: (a) a hand-held stop sign is displayed at the crossing; or (b) a pedestrian or bicycle rider is on or entering the crossing. 1 Stop line is defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 322(3) and (4) deal with the meaning of a traffic control device at a place. (3) If a driver stops at a children's crossing for a hand-held stop sign, the driver must not proceed until there is no pedestrian or bicycle rider on or entering the crossing and the holder of the sign: (a) no longer displays the sign towards the driver; or (b) otherwise indicates that the driver may proceed. (4) If a driver stops at a children's crossing for a pedestrian or bicycle rider, the driver must not proceed until there is no pedestrian or bicycle rider on or entering the crossing. (5) For this rule, if a children's crossing extends across a road with a dividing strip, the part of the children's crossing on each side of the dividing strip is taken to be a separate children's crossing. Note Dividing strip is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 79 (6) A children's crossing is an area of a road: (a) at a place with stop lines marked on the road, and: (i) children crossing flags; or (ii) children's crossing signs and twin yellow lights; and (b) indicated by: (i) 2 red and white posts erected on each side of the road; or (ii) 2 parallel continuous or broken lines on the road surface from one side of the road completely or partly across the (c) extending across the road between the posts or lines. Note Twin yellow lights is defined in the dictionary. Children crossing flag Children's crossing sign Hand-held stop signs 1 There is another permitted version of the children's crossing sign and a number of other permitted versions of the hand-held stop signs – see the 2 A children's crossing sign may have a different number on the sign – see

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 80 Driver stopped at stop line for pedestrians on a children's crossing with children crossing flags Driver stopped at stop line for pedestrians on a children's crossing with children's crossing signs and twin yellow lights In each of these examples, the driver must stop at the stop line because there are pedestrians on the children's crossing.

81 Giving way at a pedestrian crossing (1) A driver approaching a pedestrian crossing must drive at a speed at which the driver can, if necessary, stop safely before the crossing. Note Pedestrian crossing is defined in subrule (3). (2) A driver must give way to any pedestrian or bicycle rider on or entering a pedestrian crossing. Note For this rule, give way means the driver must slow down and, if necessary, stop to avoid a collision – see the definition in the dictionary. (3) A pedestrian crossing is an area of a road: (a) at a place with white stripes on the road surface that: (i) run lengthwise along the road; and (ii) are of approximately the same length; and (iii) are approximately parallel to each other; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 81 (iv) are in a row that extends completely, or partly, across the road; and (b) with or without either or both of the following: (i) a pedestrian crossing sign; (ii) alternating flashing twin yellow lights. 1 Twin yellow lights is defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 322(3) and (4) deal with the meaning of a traffic sign at a place. Pedestrian crossing sign Giving way to a pedestrian on a pedestrian crossing Giving way to a pedestrian on a pedestrian crossing at a slip lane In each of these examples, the driver must give way to the pedestrian on the

82 Overtaking or passing a vehicle at a children's crossing or pedestrian crossing A driver approaching a children's crossing, or pedestrian crossing, must not overtake or pass a vehicle that is travelling in the same direction as the driver and is stopping, or has stopped, to give way to a pedestrian at or bicycle rider on or entering the crossing.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 82 Note Children's crossing is defined in rule 80, overtake is defined in the dictionary, and pedestrian crossing is defined in rule 81. Driver not passing a vehicle that has stopped to give way to a pedestrian at a pedestrian crossing In the example, vehicle A has stopped to give way to a pedestrian on the crossing. Vehicle B must not overtake or pass vehicle A.

83 Giving way to pedestrians in a shared zone A driver driving in a shared zone must give way to any pedestrian in the zone. 1 Shared zone is defined in rule 24. Division 6 Other give way rules 84 Giving way when driving through a break in a dividing strip (1) If a driver drives through a break in a dividing strip that has no stop sign, stop line, give way sign or give way line, the driver must give way to: (a) any tram on the dividing strip; and (b) any vehicle travelling on the part of the road the driver is entering (except a vehicle to which a stop sign, stop line, give way sign, or give way line, applies).

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 83 1 Dividing strip, give way line, stop line and tram are defined in the 2 Rule 68 applies to the driver if there is a stop sign or stop line, and rule 71 applies to the driver if there is a give way sign or give way line. Note Bus and travelling along tram tracks is defined in the dictionary. Giving way when driving through a break in a median strip Giving way when driving through a break in a dividing strip to leave a service road Giving way when driving through a break in a dividing strip to enter a service road In each of the examples, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A. Note to examples A median strip is a particular kind of dividing strip – see the definition of median strip in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 84

85 Giving way on a painted island A driver entering a turning lane from a painted island must give way to: (a) any vehicle in the turning lane; or (b) if the turning lane and painted island are nearest to the far left side of the road – any vehicle entering the turning lane from the marked lane, or line of traffic, immediately to the right of the turning lane; or (c) if the turning lane and painted island are nearest to the dividing line or median strip on the road or the far right side of the road – any vehicle entering the turning lane from the marked lane, or line of traffic, immediately to the left of the turning lane. 1 Line of traffic, marked lane, painted island and turning lane are defined in 2 Rules 138 and 139(4) allow a driver to drive on a painted island in certain circumstances.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 85 Driver entering a turning lane from a painted island giving way to a vehicle entering the turning lane from the marked lane immediately to the right of the turning lane. Driver entering a turning lane from a painted island giving way to a vehicle entering the turning lane from the marked lane immediately to the left of the turning lane. In the examples, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 86

86 Giving way in median turning bays (1) A driver entering a median turning bay must give way to any oncoming vehicle already in the turning bay. median turning bay means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane: (a) to which a median turning lane sign applies; or (b) where traffic lane arrows applying to the lane indicate that vehicles travelling in opposite directions must turn right. Note Marked lane and traffic lane arrows are defined in the dictionary. There is another permitted version of the median turning lane sign – see the diagram in Schedule 3. Giving way in a median turning bay In the example, vehicle B must give way to vehicle A.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 87

87 Giving way when moving from a side of a road or a median strip parking area (1) A driver entering a marked lane, or a line of traffic, from the far left or right side of a road must give way to any vehicle travelling in the lane or line of traffic. 1 Line of traffic and marked lane are defined in the dictionary. 2 For subrule (1), give way means: (a) if the driver is stopped – remain stationary until it is safe to proceed; or (b) in any other case – slow down and, if necessary, stop to avoid a collision; – see the definition in the dictionary. (2) However, the driver of a public bus does not have to give way to a vehicle if: (a) the driver of the vehicle is required to give way to the bus under rule 77; and (b) it is safe for the bus to enter the lane or line of traffic in which the vehicle is driving. 1 Public bus is defined in the dictionary. 2 The bus must display a give way to buses sign and the right direction indicator lights of the bus must be operating – see rule 77. (3) A driver turning from a median strip parking area into a marked lane, or a line of traffic, must give way to any vehicle travelling in the lane or line of traffic. 1 Median strip parking area is defined in the dictionary. 2 For subrule (3), give way means the driver must slow down and, if

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 88 Note

Part 8 Traffic signs and road markings 1 The rules in this Part cover most traffic signs and road markings. However, some traffic signs and road markings are dealt with in other Parts dealing with particular subjects. These include: • speed-limits (including speed-limits in speed-limited areas and shared zones) – see Part 3 • U-turns – see Part 4, Division 4 • traffic lights – see Part 6 • stop signs and give way signs – see Part 7, Division 1 • roundabouts – see Part 9 • level crossings – see Part 10 • keeping left and lane signs – see Part 11 • stopping and parking – see Part 12 • pedestrians – see Part 14 • bicycle riders – see Part 15. 2 Rule 322 deals with the meaning of traffic control devices on a road or in or at an area or place (including an intersection). 3 For a driver, a traffic sign or road marking mentioned in a rule is, unless the contrary intention appears, a sign or marking that applies to the driver. To find out how traffic signs and road markings apply to a driver, see rules 338 to 341. Division 1 Traffic signs and road markings at intersections and other places Note Intersection, road marking and traffic sign are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 89

88 Left turn signs (1) If there is a left turn only sign at an intersection, a driver must turn left at the intersection. Note For the meaning of left, see rule 351(1). (2) If there is a left lane must turn left sign at an intersection, a driver who is in the left marked lane when entering the intersection must turn left at the intersection. Note Left turn only sign Left lane must turn left sign There is another permitted version of each of these signs – see the diagrams in

89 Right turn signs (1) If there is a right turn only sign at an intersection, a driver must turn right at the intersection. Note For the meaning of right, see rule 351(2). (2) If there is a right lane must turn right sign at an intersection, a driver who is in the right marked lane when entering the intersection must turn right at the intersection. Note

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 90 turn right does not include make a U-turn. Note Right turn only sign Right lane must turn right sign There are a number of other permitted versions of the right turn only sign, and another permitted version of the right lane must turn right sign – see the

90 No turns signs If there is a no turns sign at an intersection, a driver must not turn left or right, or make a U-turn, at the intersection. Note No turns sign

91 No left turn and no right turn signs (1) If there is a no left turn sign at an intersection, or another place on a road, a driver must not turn left at the intersection or place.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 91 (2) If there is a no right turn sign at an intersection, or another place on a road, a driver must not turn right or make a U-turn at the intersection or place. No left turn signs No right turn signs There is another permitted version of each of the no left turn sign and a number of other permitted versions of the no right turn signs – see the diagrams in (3) However, a driver may make a U-turn at the intersection or place if there is a U-turn permitted sign at the intersection or place.

92 Traffic lane arrows (1) If a driver is driving in a marked lane at an intersection (except a roundabout) and there are traffic lane arrows applying to the lane, the driver must: (a) if the arrows indicate a single direction – drive in that direction; or (b) if the arrows indicate 2 or more directions – drive in one of those directions. 1 Marked lane and traffic lane arrows are defined in the dictionary. 2 Part 9 deals with traffic lane arrows at roundabouts. 3 Rule 329 explains when a traffic control device applies to a marked lane.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 92 (2) However, this rule does not apply to a driver if: (a) the arrows indicate a direction to the right (whether or not they also indicate another direction) at an intersection and the driver is making a U-turn at the intersection; or (b) a traffic sign indicates that the driver may drive in a direction different to that indicated by the traffic lane arrows; or (c) the driver is driving in the direction indicated by traffic lane arrows that apply to one or more marked lanes and there is an obstruction in each of those lanes; or (d) the driver is turning at an intersection in accordance with rule 28(2) or 32(2). 1 Obstruction and U-turn are defined in the dictionary. 2 Rules 40 and 41 deal with making a U-turn at an intersection. If there are traffic lights at the intersection, the driver may make a U-turn only if there is a U-turn permitted sign at the intersection. If there are no traffic lights at the intersection, the driver may make a U-turn unless there is a no U-turn sign at 3 Rule 28(2) deals with vehicles 7.5 metres long or longer turning left at an intersection from within the marked lane next to the left lane as well as, or instead of, the left lane on a multi-lane road. Rule 32(2) deals with vehicles 7.5 metres long or longer turning right at an intersection from within the marked lane next to the right lane as well as, or instead of, the right lane on a multi-lane road. Traffic lane arrows on the surface of marked lanes Traffic lane arrows on a traffic sign

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 93 (3) The existence of a bicycle storage area in a marked lane does not alter a driver's obligation to comply with this rule. Note Division 2 Traffic signs and road markings generally

93 No overtaking or passing signs (1) A driver must not: (a) drive past a no overtaking or passing sign if any oncoming vehicle is on the bridge or length of road to which the sign applies; or (b) overtake a vehicle on a bridge or length of road to which a no overtaking or passing sign applies. Note Oncoming vehicle and overtake are defined in the dictionary. (2) A no overtaking or passing sign on a road applies to the length of road (including a length of road on a bridge) beginning at the sign and ending: (a) if information on or with the sign indicates a distance – at that distance past the sign; or (b) if the sign applies to a bridge – at the end of the bridge; or (c) at an end no overtaking or passing sign on the road. Note No overtaking or passing sign End no overtaking or passing sign

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 94

94 No overtaking on bridge signs A driver on a bridge with a no overtaking on bridge sign must not overtake a vehicle between the sign and the far end of the bridge. Note

95 Emergency stopping lane only signs (1) A driver must not drive in an emergency stopping lane unless: (a) the driver needs to drive in the emergency stopping lane to avoid a collision, to stop in the lane, or because the driver's vehicle is disabled; or (b) the driver is permitted to drive in the emergency stopping lane 2 Rule 178 deals with stopping in an emergency stopping lane. (2) This rule does not apply to the rider of a bicycle. 2 If a no bicycles sign applies to the emergency stopping lane, the rider must not ride in the lane – see rule 252.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 95 emergency stopping lane means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane, to which an emergency stopping lane only sign 1 Marked lane is defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 329 explains when a traffic control device applies to a marked lane. Emergency stopping lane only sign The sign may have an arrow pointing in a different direction – see rule 316(4).

96 Keep clear markings (1) A driver must not stop on an area of a road marked with a keep clear marking. keep clear marking means the words "keep clear" marked across all or part of a road, with or without continuous lines marked across all or part of the road. Keep clear marking bounded by line road markings Keep clear marking with no line road markings

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 96

97 Road access signs (1) A driver must not drive on a length of road to which a road access sign applies if information on or with the sign indicates that the driver or the driver's vehicle is not permitted beyond the sign. Note Driver's vehicle, length of road and with are defined in the dictionary. (2) A road access sign on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign (including any road into which the length of road merges) and ending: (a) if the sign is on a freeway – at an end freeway sign or end road access sign on the road; or (b) if the sign is not on a freeway – at the nearer of the following: (i) if the road ends at a T-intersection or dead end – the end of the road; (ii) an end road access sign on the road. A road access sign on an access ramp to a freeway applies to the access ramp and the freeway into which the access ramp merges. 1 Freeway is defined in rule 177, and road marking, T-intersection and traffic sign are defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 229 applies the road access sign to pedestrians. Road access sign End freeway sign

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 97 End road access sign 1 There are a number of other permitted versions of the road access sign and the end freeway sign – see the diagrams in Schedule 3. 2 A road access sign may indicate that it applies to different or additional vehicles or persons – see rule 316(4). 98 One-way signs (1) A driver must not drive on a length of road to which a one-way sign applies except in the direction indicated by the arrow on the sign. Note (2) A one-way sign on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearer of the following: (a) a two-way sign on the road; (b) a keep left sign on the road; (c) another sign or road marking on the road that indicates that the road is a two-way road; (d) if the road ends at a T-intersection – the end of the road. 1 Road marking, T-intersection and two-way road are defined in the 2 There is a diagram of a keep left sign in rule 99. (3) This rule does not apply to the rider of a motor bike that is a postal vehicle, the rider of a bicycle or the rider of an animal if the rider: (a) is riding on a bicycle path, footpath, nature strip, separated footpath or shared path adjacent to the length of road; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 98 (b) is permitted to ride on the bicycle path, footpath, nature strip, separated footpath or shared path under the Australian Road Note the dictionary, bicycle path, and separated footpath are defined in rule 239, and shared path is defined in rule 242. One-way sign Two-way sign 1 There are a number of other permitted versions of the one-way sign and another permitted version of the two-way sign – see the diagrams in 2 A one-way sign may have an arrow pointing in a different direction – see Note The application of this rule is modified by regulation 78A of the Traffic

99 Keep left and keep right signs (1) A driver driving past a keep left sign must drive to the left of the (2) A driver driving past a keep right sign must drive to the right of the (3) This rule does not apply to the rider of a motor bike that is a postal vehicle, the rider of a bicycle or the rider of an animal if the rider: (a) is riding on a bicycle path, footpath, nature strip, separated footpath or shared path; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 99 (b) is permitted to ride on the bicycle path, footpath, nature strip, separated footpath or shared path under the Australian Road Note the dictionary, bicycle path and separated footpath are defined in rule 239, and Keep left sign Keep right sign There is another permitted version of the keep right sign – see the diagram in

100 No entry signs A driver must not drive past a no entry sign.

101 Hand-held stop signs (1) A driver approaching a hand-held stop sign must stop before reaching the sign. (2) The driver must not proceed until the holder of the sign: (a) no longer displays the sign towards the driver; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 100 (b) otherwise indicates that the driver may proceed. (3) This rule does not apply to a driver approaching or at a hand-held stop sign at a children's crossing. Note Rule 80 defines children's crossing, and deals with hand-held stop signs at children's crossings. Hand-held stop signs

101A Safety ramp and arrester bed signs (1) A driver must not drive on a safety ramp or arrester bed unless: (a) it is necessary for the driver to do so in the interests of safety; or (b) the driver is permitted to do so under another law of this arrester bed means an area to which an arrester bed sign applies. safety ramp means an area to which a safety ramp sign applies. Arrester bed sign Safety ramp sign

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 101 Division 3 Signs for trucks, buses and other large vehicles

102 Clearance and low clearance signs (1) A driver must not drive past a clearance sign, or a low clearance sign, if the driver's vehicle, or any vehicle connected to it, is higher than the height (in metres) indicated by the sign. Note vehicle includes any load carried by the vehicle. Clearance sign Low clearance sign

103 Load limit signs (1) A driver must not drive past a bridge load limit (gross mass) sign or gross load limit sign if the total of the gross mass (in tonnes) of the driver's vehicle, and any vehicle connected to it, is more than the gross mass indicated by the sign. Note (2) A driver must not drive past a bridge load limit (mass per axle group) sign if the mass (in tonnes) carried by an axle group of the driver's vehicle, or any vehicle connected to it, is more than the mass indicated by the sign for the axle group.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 102 vehicle includes any load carried by the vehicle. Bridge load limit (gross mass) sign Gross load limit sign Bridge load limit (mass per axle group) sign There are a number of other permitted versions of the bridge load limit (mass per axle group) sign – see the diagrams in Schedule 3.

104 No trucks signs (1) A driver (except the driver of a bus) must not drive past a no trucks sign that has information on or with it indicating a mass if the GVM of the driver's vehicle (or, if the driver is driving a combination, any vehicle in the combination) is more than that mass, unless the driver is permitted to drive the vehicle on a route passing the sign Note Bus, combination, driver's vehicle, GVM and with are defined in the dictionary. (2) A driver (except the driver of a bus) must not drive past a no trucks sign that has information on or with it indicating a length if the length of the driver's vehicle (or, if the driver is driving a combination, the length of the combination) is longer than that length, unless the driver is permitted to drive the vehicle on a route passing the sign under another law of this jurisdiction.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 103 (3) The driver of a truck must not drive past a no trucks sign that has no information on or with it indicating a mass or length, unless the driver is permitted to drive the truck on a route passing the sign Note Truck is defined in the dictionary. (4) This rule does not apply to a driver if the destination of the driver lies beyond a no trucks sign and: (a) there is no other route by which the driver's vehicle could reach that destination; or (b) any other route by which the driver's vehicle could reach that destination would require the vehicle to pass another no trucks No trucks sign

105 Trucks must enter signs If the driver of a truck drives past a trucks must enter sign, the driver must enter the area indicated by information on or with the Note Truck and with are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 104

106 No buses signs (1) The driver of a bus must not drive past a no buses sign that has information on or with it indicating a mass if the GVM of the bus is more than that mass. Note Bus, GVM and with are defined in the dictionary. (2) The driver of a bus must not drive past a no buses sign that has information on or with it indicating a length if the bus is longer than that length. (3) The driver of a bus must not drive past a no buses sign that has no information on or with it indicating a mass or length. No buses sign

107 Buses must enter signs If the driver of a bus drives past a buses must enter sign, the driver must enter the area indicated by information on or with the sign. Note Bus and with are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 105

108 Trucks and buses low gear signs (1) If the driver of a truck or bus is driving on a length of road to which a trucks and buses low gear sign applies, the driver must drive the truck or bus in a gear that is low enough to limit the speed of the truck or bus without the use of a primary brake. Note Bus, length of road and truck are defined in the dictionary. (2) Subrule (1) does not apply to the driver of a bus if information on or with the sign indicates that it applies only to trucks. Note (3) A trucks and buses low gear sign on a road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending: (a) if information on or with the sign indicates a distance – at that distance on the road from the sign; or (b) in any other case – at an end trucks and buses low gear sign on the road. primary brake means the footbrake, or other brake, fitted to a truck or bus that is normally used to slow or stop the vehicle. Trucks and buses low gear sign End trucks and buses low gear sign There are a number of other permitted versions of the trucks and buses low gear sign, and another permitted version of the end trucks and buses low gear sign – see the diagrams in Schedule 3

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 106

Part 9 Roundabouts

109 What is a roundabout A roundabout is an intersection: (a) with either: (i) one or more marked lanes, all of which are for the use of vehicles travelling in the same direction around a central traffic island; or (ii) room for one or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction around a central traffic island; and (b) with or without a roundabout sign at each entrance. 1 Intersection, marked lane, traffic and traffic island are defined in the 2 Rule 322(3) and (4) deal with the meaning of a traffic sign at a place. Roundabout sign 110 Meaning of halfway around a roundabout A driver leaves a roundabout halfway around the roundabout if the driver leaves the roundabout on a road that is straight ahead, or substantially straight ahead, from the road on which the driver enters the roundabout.

111 Entering a roundabout from a multi-lane road or a road with 2 or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction (1) A driver entering a roundabout from a multi-lane road, or a road with room for 2 or more lines of traffic (other than motor bikes, bicycles, motorised wheelchairs or animals) travelling in the same direction as the driver, must enter the roundabout in accordance Note Multi-lane road is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 107 (2) If the driver is to leave the roundabout less than halfway around it, the driver must enter the roundabout from the left marked lane or, if the road is not a multi-lane road, as near as practicable to the left side of the road. Note Leaving a roundabout less than halfway around it (3) If the driver is to leave the roundabout more than halfway around it, the driver must enter the roundabout from the right marked lane or, if the road is not a multi-lane road, from the left of, parallel to, and as near as practicable to, the dividing line or median strip. Leaving a roundabout more than halfway around it

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 108 (4) If the driver is to leave the roundabout halfway around it, the driver may enter the roundabout from any marked lane or, if the road is not a multi-lane road, anywhere on the part of the road on which vehicles travelling in the same direction as the driver may travel. Leaving a roundabout halfway around it (5) Despite subrules (2) to (4), if the driver is entering the roundabout from a marked lane and there are traffic lane arrows applying to the lane, the driver must: (a) if the arrows indicate a single direction – drive in that direction after entering the roundabout; or (b) if the arrows indicate 2 or more directions – drive in one of those directions after entering the roundabout. Note Traffic lane arrows is defined in the dictionary. Roundabout with 3 entry points

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 109 Roundabout with 5 entry points Notes for examples 4 and 5 1 Rule 116 requires a driver to obey traffic lane arrows when driving in or leaving a roundabout. 2 The rules in Part 11 about driving in marked lanes, and moving from one marked lane or line of traffic, apply to a driver driving in a roundabout – see rules 146 to 148. (6) Subrule (3) does not apply to the rider of a bicycle or animal. Note (7) Subrule (5) does not apply to the rider of a bicycle or animal if the rider is to leave the roundabout more than halfway around it. (8) Despite subrule (2), a driver may approach and enter the roundabout from the marked lane next to the left lane as well as, or instead of, the left lane if: and of the roundabout; and (d) it is not practicable for the driver to leave the roundabout less than halfway around it from within the left lane; and safely leave the roundabout less than halfway around it by occupying the next marked lane, or both lanes.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 110 (9) Despite subrule (3), the driver may approach and enter the roundabout from the marked lane next to the right lane as well as, or instead of, the right lane if: and of the roundabout; and (d) it is not practicable for the driver to leave the roundabout more than halfway around it from within the right lane; and safely leave the roundabout more than halfway around it by occupying the next marked lane, or both lanes. (10) In this rule: left lane means: (a) the marked lane nearest to the far left side of the road; or right lane means: (a) the marked lane nearest to the dividing line or median strip on the road; or

112 Giving a left change of direction signal when entering a (1) This rule applies to a driver entering a roundabout if: (a) the driver is to leave the roundabout at the first exit after entering the roundabout; and (b) the exit is less than halfway around the roundabout.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 111 (2) Before entering the roundabout, the driver must give a left change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians. Note (3) The driver must continue to give the change of direction signal until the driver has left the roundabout. (4) This rule does not apply to a driver if the driver's vehicle is not fitted Note

113 Giving a right change of direction signal when entering a (1) This rule applies to a driver entering a roundabout if the driver is to leave the roundabout more than halfway around it. (2) Before entering the roundabout, the driver must give a right change of direction signal for long enough to give sufficient warning to other drivers and pedestrians. Note (3) The driver must continue to give the change of direction signal while the driver is driving in the roundabout, unless: (a) the driver is changing marked lanes, or entering another line of traffic; or (b) the driver's vehicle is not fitted with direction indicator lights; or (c) the driver is about to leave the roundabout. 1 Driver's vehicle and marked lane are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 112 2 Rule 117 deals with giving change of direction signals before changing marked lanes, or entering another line of traffic, in a roundabout. 3 Rule 118 requires a driver, if practicable, to give a left change of direction signal when leaving a roundabout. 114 Giving way when entering or driving in a roundabout (1) A driver entering a roundabout must give way to: (a) any vehicle in the roundabout; and (b) a tram that is entering or approaching the roundabout. 1 Tram is defined in the dictionary. (2) A driver driving in a roundabout must give way to a tram that is in, entering or approaching the roundabout. 1 Bus and travelling along tram tracks are defined in the dictionary. 2 For the give way rules applying to a driver moving from one marked lane or line of traffic to another marked lane or line of traffic, see rule 148. 115 Driving in a roundabout (1) A driver driving in a roundabout must drive: (a) to the left of the central traffic island in the roundabout; or (b) if subrule (2) applies to the driver – on the edge of the central traffic island, to the left of the centre of the island; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 113 (c) if subrule (3) applies to the driver – over the central traffic island, as near as practicable to the left of the centre of the central traffic island. Note Traffic island is defined in the dictionary. (2) This subrule applies to a driver if: (a) the driver's vehicle is too large to drive in the roundabout without driving on the edge of the central traffic island; and (b) the driver can safely drive on the edge of the central traffic island. Note (3) This subrule applies to a driver if: (a) the driver's vehicle is too large to drive in the roundabout without driving over the central traffic island; and (b) the central traffic island is designed to allow a vehicle of that kind to be driven over it; and (c) the driver can safely drive over the central traffic island.

116 Obeying traffic lane arrows when driving in or leaving a If a driver is driving in a marked lane in a roundabout and there are traffic lane arrows applying to the lane, the driver must: (a) if the arrows indicate a single direction – drive in or leave the roundabout in that direction; or (b) if the arrows indicate 2 or more directions – drive in or leave the roundabout in one of those directions. Note Marked lane and traffic lane arrows are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 114

117 Giving a change of direction signal when changing marked lanes or lines of traffic in a roundabout (1) A driver driving in a roundabout must give a left change of direction signal before the driver changes marked lanes to the left, or enters a part of the roundabout where there is room for another line of traffic to the left, in the roundabout, unless the driver's vehicle is not fitted with direction indicator lights. Note Driver's vehicle and left change of direction signal are defined in the (2) A driver driving in a roundabout must give a right change of direction signal before the driver changes marked lanes to the right, or enters a part of the roundabout where there is room for another line of traffic to the right, in the roundabout. Note

118 Giving a left change of direction signal when leaving a (1) If practicable, a driver driving in a roundabout must give a left change of direction signal when leaving the roundabout. Note (2) The driver must stop giving the change of direction signal as soon as the driver has left the roundabout. (3) This rule does not apply to a driver if the driver's vehicle is not fitted 2 The rules in Part 11 about driving in marked lanes and moving from one marked lane or line of traffic to another marked lane or line of traffic apply to a driver leaving a roundabout – see rules 146 to 148.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 115

119 Giving way by the rider of a bicycle or animal to a vehicle leaving a roundabout The rider of a bicycle or animal who is riding in the far left marked lane of a roundabout with 2 or more marked lanes, or the far left line of traffic in a roundabout with room for 2 or more lines of traffic (other than motor bikes, bicycles, motorised wheelchairs or animals), must give way to any vehicle leaving the roundabout. 1 Bicycle and marked lane are defined in the dictionary, and vehicle is 2 For this rule, give way means the rider must slow down and, if necessary, Part 10 Level crossings 120 What is a level crossing (1) A level crossing is: (a) an area where a road and a railway meet at substantially the same level, whether or not there is a level crossing sign on the road at all or any of the entrances to the area; or (b) an area where a road and tram tracks meet at substantially the same level and that has a level crossing sign on the road at each entrance to the area. Note Tram tracks is defined in the dictionary. (1A) A reference to a level crossing in this rule includes a reference to any area adjacent to the crossing that is denoted by painted cross-hatched road markings. Note

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 116 Level crossing signs

121 Stopping and giving way at a stop sign at a level crossing A driver at a level crossing with a stop sign must: (a) stop as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the stop line or, if there is no stop line, as near as practicable to, but before reaching, the stop sign; and (b) give way to any train or tram on, approaching or entering the 1 Approaching, enter, stop line and tram are defined in the dictionary.

122 Giving way at a give way sign or give way line at a level crossing A driver at a level crossing with a give way sign or give way line must give way to any train or tram on, approaching or entering the 1 Approaching, enter, give way line and tram are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 117

123 Entering a level crossing when a train or tram is approaching etc. A driver must not enter a level crossing if: (a) warning lights (for example, twin red lights or rotating red lights) are operating or warning bells are ringing; or (b) a gate, boom or barrier at the crossing is closed or is opening or closing; or (c) a train or tram is on or entering the crossing; or (d) a train or tram approaching the crossing can be seen from the crossing, or is sounding a warning, and there would be a danger of a collision with the train or tram if the driver entered the crossing; or (e) the driver cannot drive through the crossing because the crossing, or a road beyond the crossing, is blocked. Examples for paragraph (e) a pedestrian, or by stock on the road. Note Approaching, enter, tram and twin red lights are defined in the dictionary.

124 Leaving a level crossing A driver who enters a level crossing must leave the level crossing as soon as the driver can do so safely. Note Enter is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 118

Part 11 Keeping left, overtaking and other driving rules

125 Unreasonably obstructing drivers or pedestrians (1) A driver must not unreasonably obstruct the path of another driver or a pedestrian. Note Driver includes a person in control of a vehicle – see the definition of drive in the (2) For this rule, a driver does not unreasonably obstruct the path of another driver or a pedestrian only because: (a) the driver is stopped in traffic; or (b) the driver is driving more slowly than other vehicles (unless the driver is driving abnormally slowly in the circumstances). Example of a driver driving abnormally slowly A driver driving at a speed of 20 kilometres per hour on a length of road to which a speed-limit of 80 kilometres per hour applies when there is no reason for the driver to drive at that speed on the length of road.

126 Keeping a safe distance behind vehicles A driver must drive a sufficient distance behind a vehicle travelling in front of the driver so the driver can, if necessary, stop safely to avoid a collision with the vehicle.

127 Keeping a minimum distance between long vehicles (1) The driver of a long vehicle must drive at least the required minimum distance behind another long vehicle travelling in front of the driver, unless the driver is: (a) driving on a multi-lane road or any length of road in a built-up area; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 119 (b) overtaking. Note Built-up area, length of road, multi-lane road and overtake are defined in the long vehicle means a vehicle that, together with any load or projection, is 7.5 metres long, or longer. Note Vehicle includes a combination – see rule 15(d). required minimum distance means: (a) for a road train that is behind a long vehicle – 200 metres or, if another law of this jurisdiction specifies a different distance, that distance; or (b) for a long vehicle other than a road train that is behind a long vehicle – 60 metres or, if another law of this jurisdiction specifies a different distance, that distance. road train means a combination that is a road train for the Australian Road Rules under another law of this jurisdiction. Note Combination is defined in the dictionary.

128 Entering blocked intersections A driver must not enter an intersection if the driver cannot drive through the intersection because the intersection, or a road beyond the intersection, is blocked. The intersection, or a road beyond the intersection, may be blocked by congested traffic, a disabled vehicle, a collision between vehicles or between a vehicle and a pedestrian, or by a fallen load on the road. Note Enter and intersection are defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 120

128A Entering blocked crossings (1) A driver must not enter a children's crossing, marked foot crossing or pedestrian crossing if the driver cannot drive through the crossing because the crossing, or a road beyond the crossing, is blocked. a pedestrian, or by a fallen load on the road. Note Children's crossing, enter, marked foot crossing and pedestrian crossing (2) Despite subrule (1), a driver may enter a children's crossing or a pedestrian crossing if: (a) the crossing is immediately before an intersection that does not have traffic lights; and (b) the crossing is not blocked; and (c) before entering the crossing, the driver gives way to any pedestrian on the crossing. Note (3) Subrule (2) applies despite anything to the contrary in rule 171 or 172. (4) However, subrule (3) is not intended to permit a driver to park a vehicle contrary to rule 171 or 172. Division 2 Keeping to the left

129 Keeping to the far left side of a road (1) A driver on a road (except a multi-lane road) must drive as near as practicable to the far left side of the road. Note Multi-lane road is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 121 (2) This rule does not apply to the rider of a motor bike. Note Note Road-related area includes the shoulder of a road – see rule 13.

130 Keeping to the left on a multi-lane road (1) This rule applies to a driver driving on a multi-lane road if: (a) the speed-limit applying to the driver for the length of road where the driver is driving is over 80 kilometres per hour; or (b) a keep left unless overtaking sign applies to the length of road where the driver is driving. 1 Length of road and multi-lane road are defined in the dictionary. 2 Part 3 deals with speed-limits. (2) The driver must not drive in the right lane unless: (a) the driver is turning right, or making a U-turn from the centre of the road, and is giving a right change of direction signal; or (b) the driver is overtaking; or (c) a left lane must turn left sign or left traffic lane arrows apply to any other lane and the driver is not turning left; or (d) the driver is required to drive in the right lane under rule 159; or (e) the driver is avoiding an obstruction; or (f) the traffic in each other lane is congested; or (g) the traffic in every lane is congested; or (h) the right lane is a special purpose lane in which the driver, under another provision of the Australian Road Rules, is permitted to drive; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 122 (i) there are only 2 marked lanes and the left lane is a slow vehicle turn out lane. 1 Centre of the road, left traffic lane arrows, obstruction, overtake, right change of direction signal, special purpose lane, traffic and U-turn are 2 Rule 159 deals with traffic signs that require a particular kind of vehicle to drive in the marked lane indicated by the signs. 3 Rule 329 deals with when a traffic control device applies to a marked lane. (3) A keep left unless overtaking sign on a multi-lane road applies to the length of road beginning at the sign and ending at the nearest of the following: (a) an end keep left unless overtaking sign on the road; (b) a traffic sign or road marking on the road that indicates that the road is no longer a multi-lane road; Note Road marking, T-intersection and traffic sign are defined in the dictionary. lane, for a driver, means a marked lane for vehicles travelling in the same direction as the driver, but does not include a special purpose lane in which the driver is not permitted to drive. 1 Marked lane and special purpose lane are defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 95 deals with driving in emergency stopping lanes, and Division 6 of this Part deals with driving in other special purpose lanes slow vehicle turn out lane means a marked lane, or the part of a marked lane, to which a slow vehicle turn out lane sign applies. Note A slow vehicle turn out lane is designed for slow-moving vehicles to move into to allow faster vehicles to pass in an adjacent marked lane.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 123 Keep left unless overtaking sign End keep left unless overtaking sign Slow vehicle turn out lane sign There is another permitted version of the End keep left unless overtaking sign – see the diagram in Schedule 3

131 Keeping to the left of oncoming vehicles (1) A driver must drive to the left of any oncoming vehicle unless: (a) the driver is turning right at an intersection; and (b) the driver is passing an oncoming vehicle turning right at the (c) there is no traffic sign or road marking indicating that the driver must pass to the left of the oncoming vehicle. 1 Intersection, oncoming vehicle, road marking and traffic sign are defined 2 Part 4, Division 2 deals with making right turns. (2) This rule does not apply to the rider of a motor bike that is a postal vehicle, the rider of a bicycle or the rider of an animal if: (a) the rider is riding on a footpath, nature strip or shared path; and (b) the rider is permitted to rider on the footpath, nature strip or shared path under the Australian Road Rules or another law of this jurisdiction; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 124 (c) either: (i) the oncoming vehicle is not on the footpath, nature strip or shared path; or (ii) the oncoming vehicle is not permitted, under the Australian Road Rules or under another law of this jurisdiction, to be on the footpath, nature strip or shared path. Note the dictionary and shared path is defined in rule 242. Driving to the left of an oncoming vehicle Oncoming vehicles turning right passing to the right of each other

132 Keeping to the left of the centre of a road or the dividing line (1) A driver on a two-way road without a dividing line or median strip must drive to the left of the centre of the road, except as permitted under rule 133 or 139(1). 1 Centre of the road, dividing line, median strip and two-way road are 2 For the meaning of driving to the left of something, see rule 351(3). 3 Rule 133 deals with driving to the right of the centre of the road to overtake another vehicle, to enter or leave a road, to move from one part of the road to another, or because of the width or condition of the road. Rule 139(1) deals with driving to the right of the centre of the road to avoid an obstruction.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 125 (2) A driver on a road with a dividing line must drive to the left of the dividing line, except as permitted under rule 134 or 139(2). Note Rule 134 deals with driving to the right of the dividing line to overtake another vehicle, to enter or leave a road, or to move from one part of the road to another. Rule 139(2) deals with driving to the right of the dividing line to avoid an obstruction. The effect of this subrule, in relation to continuous dividing lines, is as follows: • in the case of a dividing line that is only a single continuous dividing line, or that is a broken dividing line to the right of a single continuous dividing line, a driver may only drive to the right of such a line in the circumstances set out in rules 134(3) and 139(2) (as supplemented by rule 139(3)); • in the case of a dividing line that is a single continuous dividing line to the right of a broken dividing line, a driver may only drive to the right of such a line in the circumstances set out in rules 134(2), 134(3) and 139(2); • in the case of a dividing line that is 2 parallel continuous dividing lines, a driver may only drive to the right of such a line in the circumstances set out in rule 139(2) (as supplemented by rule 139(3)). (2A) A driver on a road with a single continuous dividing line, a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line or 2 parallel continuous dividing lines must not drive across the dividing lines to perform a U-turn. Driving across a single continuous dividing line to make a U-turn is not permitted continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line to make a U-turn is not permitted Driving across 2 parallel continuous dividing lines to make a U-turn is not permitted (3) This rule, and rules 133, 134 and 139(1) and (2), apply to a service road to which a two-way sign applies as if it were a separate road, but do not apply to any other service road. 1 Service road is defined in the dictionary.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 126 2 Rule 136 deals with driving on a service road without a two-way sign. road does not include a footpath, nature strip, bicycle path, separated footpath or shared path. Note Footpath and nature strip are defined in the dictionary, bicycle path and separated footpath are defined in rule 239 and shared path is defined in rule 242. There is another permitted version of the two-way sign – see the diagram in Examples for subrule (2) Driving to the left of a single continuous dividing line only Driving to the left of a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 127 Driving to the left of 2 parallel continuous dividing lines Note

133 Exceptions to keeping to the left of the centre of a road (1) This rule applies to a driver on a two-way road without a dividing line or median strip. Note Dividing line, median strip and two-way road are defined in the dictionary. (2) The driver may drive to the right of the centre of the road: (a) to overtake another driver; or (b) to enter or leave the road; or (c) to enter a part of the road of one kind from a part of the road or emergency stopping lane). Note Centre of the road, overtake and service road are defined in the dictionary, and emergency stopping lane is defined in rule 95. (3) The driver may also drive to the right of the centre of the road if: (a) because of the width or condition of the road, it is not practicable to drive to the left of the centre of the road; and (b) the driver can do so safely.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 128

134 Exceptions to keeping to the left of a dividing line (1) This rule applies to a driver on a road with a dividing line. Note Dividing line is defined the dictionary. (2) If the dividing line is a single broken dividing line only, or a broken dividing line to the left of a single continuous dividing line, or 2 parallel broken dividing lines, the driver may drive to the right of the dividing line: (a) to overtake another driver; or (b) to perform a U-turn, unless another rule would prohibit the driver performing the U-turn. 1 Overtake is defined the dictionary. 2 A driver must not overtake another driver unless the driver has a clear view of any approaching traffic, and it is safe to overtake the other driver – see rule 140. (3) If the dividing line is a single continuous or broken dividing line, or a broken dividing line to the left or right of a single continuous dividing line, or 2 parallel broken dividing lines, the driver may drive to the right of the dividing line: (b) to enter a part of the road of one kind from a part of the road or emergency stopping lane); or (c) to park in angle parking on the opposite side of the road provided that the driver does not need to perform a U-turn to reach the parking area. 1 Angle parking, overtake, parking area and U-turn are defined in the 2 Emergency stopping lane is defined in rule 95, and service road is defined

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 129 Driving to the right of the centre of the road permitted – overtaking on a road with a broken dividing line only Driving to the right of the centre of the road permitted – overtaking on a road with a broken dividing line to the left of a single continuous dividing line Example 2A continuous dividing line is permitted to enter or leave the road Example 2B continuous dividing line is permitted to leave the road to enter a road-related area Example 2C continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line is permitted to enter or leave the road

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 130 Driving to the right of the centre of the road not permitted – overtaking on a road with a single continuous dividing line only Driving to the right of the centre of the road not permitted – overtaking on a road with a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line Driving to the right of the centre of the road not permitted – overtaking on a road with 2 parallel continuous dividing lines

135 Keeping to the left of a median strip (1) A driver on a road with a median strip must drive to the left of the median strip, unless the driver is: (a) entering or driving in a median strip parking area; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 131 (b) required to drive to the right of the median strip by a keep right 1 Median strip and median strip parking area are defined in the dictionary. 2 For the meaning of driving to the left of something, see rule 351(3). median strip does not include a painted island. 2 Rule 138 deals with keeping off painted islands. 136 Driving on a one-way service road A driver on the part of the road that is a service road (except a service road to which a two-way sign applies) must drive in the same direction as a vehicle travelling on the part of the road closest to the service road is required to travel. Note Service road are defined in the dictionary. There is another permitted version of the two-way sign – see the diagram in

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 132

137 Keeping off a dividing strip (1) A driver must not drive on a dividing strip, except as permitted under this rule or rule 139(4). 1 Dividing strip is defined in the dictionary. 2 Rule 139 deals with avoiding obstructions on a road. (2) A driver may drive on a dividing strip that is at the same level as the road, and marked at each side by a continuous line: (b) to enter or leave an area on the dividing strip to which a parking control sign applies if the driver is permitted to park in (2A) For the purposes of subrule (2), a dividing strip is to be treated as being at the same level as the road even if it contains one or more raised pavement bars or markers. dividing strip does not include a painted island. 2 Rule 138 deals with keeping off painted islands. 3 The application of this rule is modified by regulation 79 of the Traffic 138 Keeping off a painted island (1) A driver must not drive on or over a single continuous line, or 2 parallel continuous lines, along a side of or surrounding a painted island, except as permitted under this rule or rule 139(4). 2 Rule 139 deals with avoiding obstructions on a road.

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 133 3 Subrule (3) excludes certain painted islands from the application of paragraph (a). Painted island surrounded by 2 parallel continuous lines In this example, vehicle B is contravening the rule. (2) A driver may drive on or over a single continuous line along the side of or surrounding a painted island for up to 50 metres: (b) to enter a turning lane that begins immediately after the painted island; or (c) to enter a part of the road of one kind from a part of the road or emergency stopping lane); or (d) to park in angle parking on the opposite side of the road provided that the driver does not need to perform a U-turn to reach the parking area. 1 Angle parking, parking area, service road, turning lane and U-turn are defined in the dictionary and emergency stopping lane is defined in rule 95. 2 Rule 85 deals with the give way rules applying to a driver entering a turning lane from a painted island and rule 197 deals with stopping on painted islands. (3) Subrule (2)(a) does not apply in the case of a painted island: (a) that separates a road that takes vehicles in one direction from another road that takes vehicles in the same direction at a place where the roads merge; or

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 134 (b) that separates one part of a road from other parts of the road to create a slip lane. Note Slip lane is defined in the dictionary. In these examples, vehicle B is contravening the rule. Note

139 Exceptions for avoiding obstructions on a road (1) A driver on a two-way road without a dividing line or median strip may drive to the right of the centre of the road to avoid an obstruction if: (b) it is necessary and reasonable, in all the circumstances, for the driver to drive to the right of the centre of the road to avoid the obstruction; and Note Approaching, centre of the road, dividing line, median strip, obstruction, traffic and two-way road are defined in the dictionary. (2) A driver on a road with a dividing line may drive to the right of the dividing line to avoid an obstruction if: (b) it is necessary and reasonable, in all the circumstances, for the driver to drive to the right of the dividing line to avoid the obstruction; and

Traffic Regulations – Australian Road Rules 135 (3) For subrule (2), if the dividing line is a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line, a single continuous dividing line only or 2 parallel continuous dividing lines, the hazard in driving to the right of such a dividing line must be taken into account in deciding whether it is reasonable to drive to the right of the dividing line. (4) A driver may drive on a dividing strip, or on or over a single continuous line, or 2 parallel continuous lines, along a side of or surrounding a painted island, to avoid an obstruction if: (b) it is necessary and reasonable to drive on the dividing strip or painted island to avoid the obstruction; and Note Dividing strip and painted island are defined in the dictionary. Division 3 Overtaking

140 No overtaking unless safe to do so A driver must not overtake a vehicle unless: (b) the driver can safely overtake the vehicle. 1 Approaching, overtake and traffic are defined in the dictionary. 2 A driver is not permitted to overtake another vehicle by crossing a single continuous dividing line only, a single continuous dividing line to the left of a broken dividing line or 2 parallel continuous dividing lines – see rules 134(2) and 132(2).