Statement of Principles concerning leptospirosis (Reasonable Hypothesis) (No. 101 of 2022)
1Statement of Principles concerning leptospirosis (Reasonable Hypothesis) (No. 101 of 2022)
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7 Kind of injury, disease or death to which this Statement of Principles relates
8 Basis for determining the factors
9 Factors that must exist
10 Relationship to service
11 Factors referring to an injury or disease covered by another Statement of Principles
Schedule 1 - Dictionary
1 Definitions
1 Name
This is the Statement of Principles concerning leptospirosis (Reasonable Hypothesis) (No. 101 of 2022).
2 Commencement
This instrument commences on 21 November 2022.
3 Authority
This instrument is made under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans' Entitlements Act 1986.
4 Repeal
The Statement of Principles concerning leptospirosis No.94 of 2014 (Federal Register of Legislation No. F2014L01385) made under subsection 196B(2) of the VEA is repealed.
5 Application
This instrument applies to a claim to which section 120A of the VEA or section 338 of the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004 applies.
Section 1 - Statement of Principles concerning leptospirosis (Reasonable Hypothesis) (No. 101 of 2022) - Statement of Principles concerning leptospirosis (Reasonable Hypothesis) (No. 101 of 2022) | Zoe
6 Definitions
The terms defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary have the meaning given when used in this instrument.
7 Kind of injury, disease or death to which this Statement of Principles relates
(1) This Statement of Principles is about leptospirosis and death from leptospirosis.
Meaning of leptospirosis
(2) For the purposes of this Statement of Principles, leptospirosis means an illness caused by infection with a bacterium from the genus Leptospira.
Note: Clinical manifestations of leptospirosis includes an initial flu-like illness with potential complications of renal failure and multi-organ disease.
(3) While leptospirosis attracts ICD‑10‑AM code A27, in applying this Statement of Principles the meaning of leptospirosis is that given in subsection (2).
(4) For subsection (3), a reference to an ICD-10-AM code is a reference to the code assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM), Tenth Edition, effective date of 1 July 2017, copyrighted by the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority, ISBN 978-1-76007-296-4.
Death from leptospirosis
(5) For the purposes of this Statement of Principles, leptospirosis, in relation to a person, includes death from a terminal event or condition that was contributed to by the person's leptospirosis.
Note: terminal event is defined in the Schedule 1 – Dictionary.
8 Basis for determining the factors
The Repatriation Medical Authority is of the view that there is sound medical‑scientific evidence that indicates that leptospirosis and death from leptospirosis can be related to relevant service rendered by veterans, members of Peacekeeping Forces, or members of the Forces under the VEA, or members under the MRCA.
Note: MRCA, relevant service and VEA are defined in the Schedule 1 – Dictionary.
9 Factors that must exist
At least one of the following factors must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting leptospirosis or death from leptospirosis with the circumstances of a person's relevant service:
(1) being exposed to a pathogenic bacterium from the genus Leptospira between 2 and 30 days before the clinical onset of leptospirosis;
Note: being exposed to a pathogenic bacterium is defined in Schedule 1 – Dictionary.
(2) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for leptospirosis.
10 Relationship to service
(1) The existence in a person of any factor referred to in section 9, must be related to the relevant service rendered by the person.
(2) The factor set out in subsection 9(2) applies only to material contribution to, or aggravation of, leptospirosis where the person's leptospirosis was suffered or contracted before or during (but did not arise out of) the person's relevant service.
11 Factors referring to an injury or disease covered by another Statement of Principles
In this Statement of Principles:
(1) if a factor referred to in section 9 applies in relation to a person; and
(2) that factor refers to an injury or disease in respect of which a Statement of Principles has been determined under subsection 196B(2) of the VEA;
then the factors in that Statement of Principles apply in accordance with the terms of that Statement of Principles as in force from time to time.
Schedule 1 - Dictionary
Note: See Section 6
1 Definitions
In this instrument:
being exposed to a pathogenic bacterium means:
(a) being bitten by an animal infected with a pathogenic bacterium; or
(b) having direct contact of the skin or mucous membranes with:
(i) urine or tissues of animals infected with a pathogenic bacterium; or
(ii) water, soil or vegetation contaminated with a pathogenic bacterium; or
(c) ingesting food or water contaminated with a pathogenic bacterium; or
(d) inhaling aerosols contaminated with a pathogenic bacterium.
Note 1: Contamination of soil, water and vegetation can occur as a result of flooding. Contact with contaminated water can occur during outdoor activities such as swimming, wading and rafting in rivers, and lakes and dams.
Note 2: direct contact is also defined in the Schedule 1 – Dictionary.
direct contact means physical contact where no protective or impermeable barrier is used.
leptospirosis—see subsection 7(2).
MRCA means the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004.
relevant service means:
(a) operational service under the VEA;
(b) peacekeeping service under the VEA;
(c) hazardous service under the VEA;
(d) British nuclear test defence service under the VEA;
(e) warlike service under the MRCA; or
(f) non-warlike service under the MRCA.
Note: MRCA and VEA are also defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.
terminal event means the proximate or ultimate cause of death and includes the following: