164 Special provisions about boat trailers
(1) A trailer built, or being used, to transport a boat is taken to comply
with an attaching provision if the attached item is securely attached
to a removable panel or panels, built of wood, metal or other similar
material and the panel or panels are—
(a) while a boat is carried on the trailer—securely attached to the
boat so that the attached item is in a position, and is facing in a
direction, that would comply with this regulation if the boat
were part of the trailer; and
(b) while a boat is not carried on the trailer—securely attached to
the trailer so that the attached item is in a position, and is facing
in a direction, that complies with this regulation.
attached item, for an attaching provision, means a numberplate,
fitting for a numberplate, trader’s plate, identification label,
unregistered vehicle permit, holder for an identification label or an
unregistered vehicle permit, light, reflector or direction indicator light
to which the attaching provision applies.
attaching provision, in relation to a trailer, means a provision of this
regulation about—
(a) the attaching of, and a fitting for, a numberplate, trader’s plate,
identification label, unregistered vehicle permit or holder for an
identification label or an unregistered vehicle permit; or
(b) the attaching of, and a fitting for, a light, reflector or direction
indicator light, required or permitted by this regulation to be
fitted to the trailer.
General Part 1.1
(see s 103)
Part 1.1 General
Note 1 The Australian Vehicle Standards Rules 1999 (the Vehicle Standards),
which were approved by the Australian Transport Council on
29 January 1999, set standards that vehicles must comply with to be
driven on roads and road related areas.
This schedule contains the Vehicle Standards as modified for
implementation in the ACT, and applying to light vehicles only.
The ADRs (Australian Design Rules) are rules for designing and building
vehicles. Imported vehicles must also comply with the ADRs.
The Vehicle Standards require a vehicle that is subject to an ADR when
built or imported to continue to comply with the ADR.
The Vehicle Standards also apply certain other standards (adopted
standards) that are intended to complement the ADRs.
The ADRs do not cover:
• vehicles built before 1969
• combinations of vehicles of any age
• every safety feature for vehicles built between 1969 and 1988.
These matters are covered by the Vehicle Standards.
In most cases, if a light vehicle or light combination complies with this
schedule, it is suitable for road use.
Note 2 The ACT Inspection Manual for Light Vehicles and the ACT Inspection
provide information to help people meet the requirements of this
schedule. The manuals are available from the road transport authority.
Part 1.1 General
Section 1.1
1.1 Object of sch 1
(1) The object of this schedule is to set standards about the construction
and performance of light vehicles and light combinations that are
uniform throughout Australia.
(2) The standards are intended—
(a) to promote, throughout the life of light vehicles and light
combinations, their safe use and efficiency and the protection of
the environment; and
(b) to reduce the cost of transport administration.
1.2 Diagrams—sch 1
(1) A diagram in this schedule is part of the schedule.
(2) A diagram of something is an illustrative example of the thing in
black and white, but does not represent its dimensions or the
dimensions of any part of it.
1.3 Optional items
If it is provided or indicated, in a provision of this schedule, a
2nd edition ADR or a 3rd edition ADR, that an item of equipment is
optional and the item is used on a light vehicle to which the provision
applies, the item must comply with the provision.
Section 164 - Road Transport (Vehicle Registration) Regulation 2000 - Special provisions about boat trailers | Zoe
General Part 1.1
Section 1.4
1.4 Special requirements for vehicles used by people with
disabilities etc
The road transport authority may require or permit a light vehicle to
be specially built, equipped or adapted in a way not provided for
under this schedule if it is to be used by a person with a physical
disability.
Note Vehicles that are modified must continue to comply with this schedule.
For guidance on light vehicle modifications see Vehicle Standards
Bulletin No 6 – National Code of Practice for Heavy Vehicle
Modifications and Vehicle Standards Bulletin No 14 – National Code of
Practice for Light Vehicle Construction and Modification.
The bulletins do not need to be notified under the Legislation Act because
Section 1.5
Note The requirements of this schedule apply to light vehicles and light
combinations that are used on a road or road related area (see s 109 (Light
motor vehicles not complying with sch 1), s 110 (Light trailers not
complying with sch 1) and s 111 (Light combinations not complying with
sch 1)).
1.5 Application of sch 1 to plant
(1) The provisions of this schedule (other than this section) do not apply
to plant.
(2) However, plant must continue to comply with the technical
specifications to which it was built and remain safe for use on roads
or road related areas.
Note Although the ACT Inspection Manual for Light Vehicles and the ACT
Inspection Manual for Heavy Vehicles do not apply directly to plant, they
provide a guide to the maintenance and repair of vehicles generally.
plant means a motor vehicle that consists solely of⎯
(a) a machine or implement that cannot carry a load, other than tools
and accessories usually carried in or on the vehicle; or
(b) a crane or forklift truck.
1.6 Vehicles to which sch 1 does not apply etc
(1) This schedule does not apply to—
(a) a vehicle used only on a railway or tramway; or
(aa) a light rail vehicle; or
(b) a vehicle designed to be controlled by a person walking next to
it; or
Application of sch 1 Part 1.2
Section 1.7
(c) a vehicle propelled by a motor with a maximum power output
of not over 200W; or
(d) a motorised wheelchair that cannot travel faster than 10km/h; or
(e) a vehicle or combination that is being repaired, or is being tested
in the course of being repaired, so it will comply with this
schedule; or
(f) a vehicle or combination being driven or towed directly to a
place where it is to be repaired so it will comply with this
schedule; or
(g) a heavy vehicle or combination that includes a heavy vehicle.
(2) This schedule applies to a light vehicle even if the light vehicle forms
part of a heavy combination under the Heavy Vehicle National Law
(ACT).
1.7 Non-application of sch 1 to ADR-compliant matters
(1) A requirement of parts 1.5 (General safety requirements) to 1.12
(Mechanical connections between vehicles) does not apply to a light
vehicle if the requirement is inconsistent with a requirement of a 2nd
or 3rd edition ADR that the vehicle complies with (regardless of
whether or not the vehicle is required to comply with the ADR
requirement).
Section 1.8
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the vehicle is not of the same class
or type as the vehicles to which the ADR requirement applies.
As the 2nd and 3rd edition ADR do not apply to a truck (including a truck that is a
light vehicle) built in 1968, the truck must comply with sch 1, s 1.133 (What braking
system a light motor vehicle must have). If the owner of such a truck modified the
brakes so that they did comply with the 2nd edition ADR, any requirement in sch 1,
s 1.133 in relation to the truck’s brakes that was inconsistent with the 2nd edition
ADR would no longer apply to the truck.
However, if the modified brakes only comply with a rule of the 2nd edition ADR
that only applies to passenger cars, then sch 1, s 1.133 does apply, as s 1.7 (1) would
not apply as a result of s 1.7 (2), because a truck is not a passenger car.
1.8 Non-application of sch 1—exemption under other laws
(1) A provision of this schedule does not apply to a light vehicle or light
combination if the vehicle or combination is exempt from—
(a) the provision under section 104 (Road transport authority may
exempt light vehicle etc from certain provisions); or
(b) the corresponding provision of the law of another jurisdiction.
(2) However, the vehicle or combination is exempt only if all conditions
of the exemption (if any) are being complied with.
An exemption permitting a greater dimension limit for a light vehicle is subject to
conditions about the route where, and times when, the vehicle is permitted to travel,
and the escort vehicles needed to accompany the vehicle. A relevant provision of
this schedule does not apply to the vehicle only if the conditions are complied with.
1.9 Non-application of sch 1—vehicles subject to particular
approvals
A provision of parts 1.5 to 1.12, except section 1.24 (1) and (2), does
not apply to a light vehicle if—
(a) the vehicle does not comply with a requirement of an ADR
applying to the vehicle; and
Application of sch 1 Part 1.2
Section 1.9
(b) the provision corresponds to the requirement of the ADR; and
(c) despite the noncompliance—
(i) the vehicle is on the RAV, and complies with the
conditions (if any) of the approvals required for its entry
on the RAV; or
(ii) an approval to place identification plates on vehicles of that
type was given under the Motor Vehicle Standards
Act 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed), section 10A (2) or (3), and
the vehicle complies with the conditions (if any) of the
approval.
Note Identification plates were approved under the Motor Vehicle
Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed), s 10A (2) or (3) for
vehicles that failed to comply with the national standards,
but either the noncompliance was minor and
inconsequential, or the vehicle complied to an extent that
made it suitable for supply to the market.
Section 1.10
Note This part applies the 2nd and 3rd edition ADRs to various vehicles.
Under the part, a vehicle that is subject to ADRs when it is built generally
remains subject to the ADRs throughout its life. However, a vehicle need
not comply with a standard if the standard is replaced by, or inconsistent
with, a later standard and the vehicle complies with the later standard.
Older vehicles may, therefore, be fitted with any equipment allowed on
newer vehicles.
Vehicles that are modified must continue to comply with this schedule.
For guidance on vehicle modifications see Vehicle Standards Bulletin No
6 – National Code of Practice for Heavy Vehicle Modifications and
Vehicle Standards Bulletin No 14 – National Code of Practice for Light
Vehicle Construction and Modification.
The bulletins do not need to be notified under the Legislation Act because
This schedule, s 1.34 (6) (Horns, alarms etc) modifies the effect of the
corresponding ADR requirement.
The following provisions of this schedule apply to a vehicle instead of
the corresponding ADR requirement:
• s 1.47 (5) (Window tinting)
• s 1.54 (Tyres—manufacturer’s rating).
1.10 What is an ADR (or Australian Design Rule)?
An ADR (or Australian Design Rule) is—
(a) a 2nd edition ADR; or
(b) a 3rd edition ADR.
Interpretation Division 1.3.1
Section 1.11
1.11 What is a 2nd edition ADR?
A 2nd edition ADR is a national standard incorporated in the
document described as the Australian Design Rules for Motor Vehicle
Safety, Second Edition originally published by the then
Commonwealth Department of Transport, as in force from time to
time.
Note A 2nd edition ADR does not need to be notified under the Legislation
Act because s 47 (6) does not apply (see s 5A and Legislation Act,
s 47 (7)). The ADRs are accessible at www.infrastructure.gov.au.
1.12 What is a 3rd edition ADR?
A 3rd edition ADR is—
(a) a national road vehicle standard under the Road Vehicle
Standards Act 2018 (Cwlth) as in force from time to time; or
(b) a national standard under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989
(Cwlth) (repealed) as in force immediately before the repeal of
that Act.
Note 1 The Road Vehicle Standards (Consequential and Transitional
Provisions) Act 2018 (Cwlth), sch 3, s 2 provides that a vehicle standard
in force before the repeal of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989
(Cwlth) continues in force as if it were a national road vehicle standard
determined under the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018 (Cwlth), s 12.
Note 2 A 3rd edition ADR does not need to be notified under the Legislation Act
because s 47 (5) and (6) do not apply (see s 5A and Legislation Act,
s 47 (7)). The ADRs are accessible at www.legislation.gov.au and
www.infrastructure.gov.au.
Section 1.15
1.15 Compliance with 2nd edition ADRs
(1) If a 2nd edition ADR recommends that the ADR should apply to the
design and construction of a vehicle, the vehicle must comply with
the ADR.
(2) If a 2nd edition ADR contains a requirement for a type of equipment
fitted to a vehicle built on or after a stated time, any equipment of the
same type fitted to the vehicle after it is built must comply with—
(a) the requirement as in force when the vehicle was built; or
(b) if the requirement is amended after the vehicle is built and before
the equipment is fitted—the requirement as in force—
(i) when the vehicle was built; or
(ii) when the equipment was fitted; or
(iii) at any time between when the vehicle was built and the
equipment was fitted.
(3) However, a vehicle, or equipment fitted to a vehicle, need not comply
with a recommendation or requirement of a 2nd edition ADR if—
(a) the recommendation or requirement is replaced by, or is
inconsistent with, a requirement of a 3rd edition ADR applying
to the vehicle or equipment; and
(b) the vehicle or equipment complies with the requirement of the
3rd edition ADR.
(4) If a 2nd edition ADR allows a vehicle built on or after a stated time
to be fitted with equipment, a vehicle built before the time may also
be fitted with the equipment.
Section 1.16
1.16 Compliance with 3rd edition ADRs
(1) If a 3rd edition ADR applies to the design and construction of a
vehicle, the vehicle must comply with the ADR.
(2) If a 3rd edition ADR contains a requirement for a type of equipment
fitted to a vehicle built on or after a stated time, any equipment of the
same type fitted to the vehicle after it is built must comply with—
(a) the requirement as in force when the vehicle was built; or
(b) if the requirement is amended after the vehicle is built and before
the equipment is fitted—the requirement as in force—
(i) when the vehicle was built; or
(ii) when the equipment was fitted; or
(iii) at any time between when the vehicle was built and the
equipment was fitted.
(3) However, a vehicle, or equipment fitted to a vehicle, need not comply
with a requirement of a 3rd edition ADR if—
(a) the requirement is replaced by, or is inconsistent with, a
requirement of a later version of the ADR applying to the vehicle
or equipment; and
(b) the vehicle or equipment complies with the requirement of the
later version.
(4) If a 3rd edition ADR allows a vehicle built on or after a stated time to
be fitted with equipment, a vehicle built before the time may also be
fitted with the equipment.
1.16A Exception to compliance with ADRs—vehicles on RAV
A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 1.15 (1)
or section 1.16 (1) if, despite noncompliance with the ADR, the
vehicle is on the RAV.
Section 1.17
1.17 Exception to compliance with ADRs—vehicles that are
not road vehicles
A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 1.15 (1)
(a) a determination under the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018
(Cwlth), section 6 (5) (b) or (6) (b) provides that the vehicle is
not a road vehicle for that Act; or
(b) a determination or declaration under the Motor Vehicle
Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed), section 5B provided that
the vehicle is not a road vehicle for that Act, and the
determination or declaration was in force immediately before
the repeal of that Act.
1.18 Exception to compliance with ADRs—vehicles with
particular approvals
(1) A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 1.15 (1)
(a) an approval to place identification plates on vehicles of that type
was given under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth)
(repealed), section 10A (2) or (3); and
Note Identification plates were approved under the Motor Vehicle Standards
Act 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed), s 10A (2) or (3) for vehicles that failed to
comply with the national standards, but either the noncompliance was
minor and inconsequential, or the vehicle complied to an extent that made
it suitable for supply to the market.
(2) A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 1.15 (1)
(a) the vehicle is supplied to the market before 1 July 2022 in
accordance with an approval under the Motor Vehicle Standards
Act 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed), section 14A (1); and
Section 1.19
Note 1 Despite the repeal of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989
(Cwlth) on 1 July 2021—
(a) approvals in force immediately before the repeal continue in
force until 1 July 2022; and
(b) new approvals may be given between 1 July 2021 to
1 July 2022, and remain in force until 1 July 2022.
Provisions) Act 2018 (Cwlth), sch 3, s 11.)
Note 2 Approvals under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth)
(repealed), s 14A (1) may also have been given under the
Motor Vehicle Standards Regulations 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed),
s 20.
(3) A vehicle need not comply with an ADR applied by section 1.15 (1)
(a) the vehicle was approved for use in transport in Australia before
1 July 2021 under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989
(Cwlth) (repealed), section 15 (2); and
(b) the approval was in force immediately before the repeal of that
Act; and
(c) the vehicle complies with the conditions (if any) of the approval.
Note Approvals under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth)
(repealed), s 15 (2) may also have been given under the
Motor Vehicle Standards Regulations 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed),
s 20.
1.19 Partial exception to compliance with ADRs—personally
imported vehicles
(1) A personally imported vehicle must be fitted with—
(a) seatbelts that are as effective as seatbelts that meet an Australian
Standard or British Standard for seatbelts as in force on
1 March 2000; and
Section 1.19
(b) seatbelt anchorages that meet the number and location
requirements of 2nd or 3rd edition ADR 5; and
(c) child restraint anchorages that meet the number, location,
accessibility, thread size and form requirements of 2nd edition
ADR 34 or 3rd edition ADR 5 or 34; and
(d) head restraints that meet the number, location and size
requirements of 2nd or 3rd edition ADR 22.
(2) However, a personally imported vehicle need only meet the
requirements of an ADR mentioned in subsection (1) if the ADR
recommends that it should apply, or applies, to a vehicle of the same
type.
(3) A personally imported vehicle need not otherwise comply with an
ADR applied by section 1.15 (1) or section 1.16 (1).
personally imported vehicle means a vehicle built after 1968 that is
imported into Australia by a person who—
(a) owned and used the vehicle before it was imported into
Australia, for a continuous period of at least—
(i) 12 months; or
(ii) for a vehicle owned by the person before 9 May 2000—
3 months; and
(b) imported the vehicle—
(i) after 1 July 2021, in accordance with the Road Vehicle
Standards Act 2018 (Cwlth), section 22; or
(ii) before 1 July 2022, in accordance with an approval under
the Motor Vehicle Standards Regulations 1989 (Cwlth)
(repealed), section 13; and
Section 1.20
(c) complies with the conditions (if any) of the approvals required
for the importation.
Note 1 Despite the repeal of the Motor Vehicle Standards
Regulations 1989 (Cwlth) on 1 July 2021—
(a) approvals in force immediately before the repeal continue in
force until 1 July 2022; and
(b) new approvals may be given between 1 July 2021 to
1 July 2022, and remain in force until 1 July 2022.
Provisions) Act 2018 (Cwlth), sch 3, s 13.)
Note 2 Under an approval mentioned in s (b) (ii), the applicant must
undertake to comply with any road safety requirements imposed by
the Minister (see Motor Vehicle Standards Regulations 1989
(Cwlth) (repealed), s 13 (1) (d)).
1.20 Alteration of specifications
(1) A vehicle must not be altered from its specifications, as originally
built, so that it no longer complies with the requirements of a 2nd
edition ADR or 3rd edition ADR applying to that vehicle.
(2) A car, or a car derivative, must also not be altered in any of the
following respects:
(a) by fitting a wheel rim that does not comply with the relevant
dimensional standards for wheel rims in the Tyre and Rim
Standards Manual issued by the Tyre and Rim Association of
Australia;
(b) by widening the wheel track of the front or rear wheels by over
25mm (or, for a four-wheel drive built for off-road use, 50mm)
beyond the maximum specified by the axle or vehicle
manufacturer;
(c) by fitting a wheel nut that does not—
(i) engage the thread of the wheel stud for at least the same
length as the wheel nut provided by the vehicle
manufacturer; or
Section 1.20
(ii) match the taper on the wheel stud hole;
(d) by fitting a tyre that is not appropriate to the wheel rim as
specified in the Tyre and Rim Standards Manual issued by the
Tyre and Rim Association of Australia;
(e) by fitting a tyre with a section width over 30% (or, for a
four-wheel drive built for off-road use, 50%) larger than the
largest optional tyre specified by the vehicle’s manufacturer;
(f) so that any part of it other than a tyre or wheel rim will contact
the road surface if a tyre completely deflates;
(g) by welding or heating an axle, stub axle, steering arm, steering
knuckle support or heat degradable component.
(3) If a vehicle is altered from its specifications as originally built, the
road transport authority may require the responsible person for the
vehicle to supply information about the alterations.
(4) Despite subsections (1) and (2), a vehicle may be altered from its
specifications as originally built if the alteration only gives effect to
any subsequent 2nd edition ADR or 3rd edition ADR applying to a
vehicle of that type.
Adopted standards Part 1.4
Section 1.21
Part 1.4 Adopted standards
1.21 What is an adopted standard?
An adopted standard is a standard, other than an ADR, that is applied,
adopted or incorporated by this schedule.
Section 1.55 adopts AS 1973-1993 (Pneumatic Tyres-Passenger Car, Light Truck
and Truck/Bus-Retreading and Repair Processes).
1.22 Exception to compliance with adopted standards
A light vehicle need not comply with an adopted standard if—
(a) the standard is replaced by, or is inconsistent with, a later version
of the standard; and
(b) the vehicle complies with the later version of the standard.
1.23 Reference to adopted standards
A reference in a section or subsection to an adopted standard is a
reference to the standard as in force when the section or subsection
commenced.
Section 1.24
Note For a light vehicle to be operated safely, the vehicle needs to be properly
designed to minimise the potential for accidents and harm to other road
users.
This part sets out various requirements covering the driver’s view from a
vehicle, the driver’s control of a vehicle, protection of vehicle occupants
and other road users, and other general safety features.
1.24 Steering
(1) A light motor vehicle that is less than 30 years old must have a
right-hand drive unless the vehicle—
(a) was registered unconditionally in left-hand drive form in
Australia before 1 January 1985; or
(b) is temporarily in Australia under a Commonwealth law or in
accordance with an agreement with the Commonwealth.
(2) A light motor vehicle has a right-hand drive if the centre of at least
1 steering control of the vehicle is to the right of, or in line with, the
centre of the vehicle.
(3) A component of the steering system of a light motor vehicle that is
essential for effective steering of the vehicle must be built to transmit
energy by mechanical means only.
(4) Failure of a non-mechanical component of the steering system must
not prevent effective steering of the vehicle.
(5) This section does not apply to a light vehicle if the vehicle is built
mainly for a purpose other than the transport of goods or people by
road.
Section 1.25
1.25 Turning ability
(1) A light motor vehicle must be able to turn in a circle not over 25m in
diameter, measured by the outer edge of the tyre track at ground level.
(2) The vehicle must be able to comply with subsection (1) whether it
turns to the left or to the right.
1.26 Ability to travel backwards and forwards
A light motor vehicle with an unloaded mass over 450kg must be able
to be driven both backwards and forwards when the driver is in the
normal driving position.
1.27 Protrusions
(1) An object fitted to a light vehicle must be designed, built and fitted to
the vehicle in a way that minimises the likelihood of injury to a person
making contact with the vehicle.
(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to an object fitted to a light
(a) the vehicle was designed before 1965 and the object was part of
the design of the vehicle; or
(b) the object was fitted to the vehicle before 1965 in accordance
with the law of the place where the object was fitted.
1.28 Oil and grease not to be dropped
All parts and fittings of a light vehicle must be designed, built and
maintained so that an excessive amount of oil or grease will not be
dropped onto the roadway.
Section 1.29
1.29 Driver’s view and vehicle controls
A light motor vehicle must be built—
(a) to allow the driver a view of the road and of traffic to the front
and sides of the vehicle so the driver can drive the vehicle safely;
and
(b) with its controls located so the driver can drive the vehicle
safely.
1.30 Seating
A seat for a driver or passenger in a light vehicle must be securely
attached to the vehicle.
1.31 Child restraint anchorages
(1) The following vehicles must be fitted with a child restraint anchorage
complying with ADR 34:
(a) a car (other than a car with a hinged or folding rear seat or a
station wagon) built after June 1976;
(b) a car with a hinged or folding rear seat, or a station wagon, built
after 1976;
(c) a forward-control passenger vehicle built after 1985;
(d) a bus built after June 1988 that has a GVM not over 3.5t and not
over 12 seating positions (including the driver’s).
(2) In subsection (1):
forward-control passenger vehicle means a car that has—
(a) up to 9 seating positions (including the driver’s); and
(b) the centre of the steering wheel in the front quarter of the
vehicle’s total length (including any bumpers or overriders); and
(c) a GVM not over 3.5t; and
Section 1.32
(d) a difference between its tare mass and its GVM that is not more
than double the total weight of passengers calculated by
multiplying the number of seating positions by 68kg.
1.32 Door latches and hinges
Door latches and hinges on a light vehicle must be built so the doors
are securely attached to the vehicle and can remain securely fastened
when closed.
1.33 Mudguards
(1) A light vehicle must have a mudguard for each wheel or for adjacent
wheels firmly fitted.
(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a light vehicle if—
(a) the construction or use of the vehicle makes the fitting of
mudguards unnecessary or impracticable; or
(b) the body or part of the body of the vehicle acts as a mudguard.
Examples of vehicles—par (a)
• most road plant
• some agricultural equipment
(3) A mudguard may be up to—
(a) 230mm above ground level; or
(b) on a vehicle built to be used off-road—300mm above ground
(4) The outside of a rear mudguard, except a mudflap, of a vehicle that
can be seen from the rear of the vehicle must be coloured white or
silver if the vehicle—
(a) is at least 2.2m wide; and
Section 1.34
(b) has a body the vertical measurement of which is under 300mm
at the rear, measured from the lowest point of the body above
ground level to the highest point; and
(c) is not fitted with rear marking plates.
(5) For subsection (4) (a), the width of a vehicle is measured disregarding
1.34 Horns, alarms etc
(1) A light motor vehicle must be fitted with at least 1 horn or other
device that can give sufficient audible warning to other road users of
the approach or position of the vehicle.
(2) A light motor vehicle must not be fitted with a device that can make
a sound like the sound of a siren, exhaust whistle, compression
whistle or repeater horn.
(3) However, subsection (2) does not apply to—
(a) a police vehicle; or
(b) an emergency vehicle; or
(c) a transport enforcement vehicle; or
(d) an Australian Protective Service vehicle; or
(e) a Department of Home Affairs (Cwlth) vehicle; or
(f) an Airservices Australia vehicle; or
(g) a vehicle at least 25 years old that is fitted as a police or
emergency vehicle if—
(i) the vehicle is used for exhibition purposes; or
(ii) it is part of a collection of former police or emergency
vehicles; or
Section 1.35
(h) an anti-theft alarm if the alarm cannot be operated while the
vehicle’s ignition is on.
(4) Also, a light motor vehicle may be fitted with a device that emits a
regular, intermittent sound while the vehicle is reversing or in reverse
gear.
(5) The device must not be louder than is necessary so the driver, and a
person near the vehicle, can hear the device when it is operating.
(6) The provision of the relevant ADR that corresponds to subsection (2)
applies to a vehicle as if that provision did not contain a reference to
a bell.
(7) In this section:
repeater horn means a device that makes a sound alternating between
different tones or frequencies on a regular time cycle.
1.35 Rear-vision mirrors
(1) A rear-vision mirror or mirrors must be fitted to a light motor vehicle
as required by this section so a driver of the vehicle can clearly see
by reflection the road behind the vehicle and any following or
overtaking vehicle.
(2) At least 1 rear-vision mirror must be fitted to—
(a) a car; and
(b) a motortrike with 2 front wheels; and
(c) a motorbike, or motortrike with 1 front wheel, built before
July 1975.
(3) At least 1 rear-vision mirror must be fitted to each side of the
following light motor vehicles:
(a) a motor vehicle with a GVM over 3.5t;
(b) a motorbike, or motortrike with 1 front wheel, built after
June 1975;
Section 1.35
(c) a motor vehicle (other than a station wagon) built to transport
goods;
(d) a bus;
(e) a motor vehicle towing a trailer or another vehicle if the towed
trailer or vehicle is wider than the towing vehicle;
(f) a motor vehicle if the driver cannot, by using a mirror fixed to
the interior of the vehicle, have a clear view of the road to the
rear of the vehicle and of any following or overtaking vehicle—
(i) because of the way in which the vehicle is built, equipped
or loaded; or
(ii) because the vehicle is towing a trailer or other vehicle; or
(iii) for any other reason.
(4) A light motor vehicle with a GVM not over 3.5t (other than a motor
vehicle mentioned in subsection (2) or (3)) must be fitted with—
(a) at least 1 rear-vision mirror on the right side of the vehicle; and
(b) at least 1 rear-vision mirror on the left side of the vehicle or
inside the vehicle.
(5) A rear-vision mirror fitted to a light motor vehicle with a GVM over
3.5t must not project over 150mm beyond the widest part (excluding
lights, signalling devices and reflectors) of the vehicle or the
combination of which it forms part.
(6) However, the rear-vision mirror may project not over 230mm beyond
the widest part of the vehicle or combination if it can fold to project
not over 150mm beyond the widest part.
Section 1.36
1.36 Rear-vision mirrors—surfaces
(1) A rear-vision mirror required to be fitted to the side of a light motor
vehicle with a GVM over 3.5t must have a reflecting surface of at
least 150cm2.
(2) A rear-vision mirror required to be fitted to the right side of a light
motor vehicle with a GVM over 3.5t must have a flat reflecting
surface if—
(a) the motor vehicle has only 1 steering control; and
(b) the centre of the steering control is to the right of, or in line with,
the centre of the motor vehicle.
(3) The reflecting surface of the rear-vision mirrors that are required to
be fitted to a motorbike or moped must—
(a) each be of the same curvature; and
(b) if convex, be part of a notional sphere with a radius of at least
1.2m.
1.37 Additional rear-vision mirrors
A light motor vehicle may be fitted with additional rear-vision
mirrors or mirror surfaces that are flat or convex or a combination of
flat and convex surfaces.
1.38 Automatic transmission
(1) A light motor vehicle fitted with an automatic transmission must have
an engine starter mechanism that cannot operate when the
transmission control is in a position to drive the vehicle.
(2) A light vehicle built after 1975 that is fitted with an automatic
transmission must have an indicator in the driver’s compartment
showing the transmission control position.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to a light motor vehicle with less
than 4 wheels.
Section 1.38
(4) If a light motor vehicle (other than a motorbike or implement) built
after 1975 is equipped with automatic transmission—
(a) the transmission control lever position, and an indication of the
transmission gear ratio selected, must be displayed within the
driver’s compartment where they will be readily visible to the
driver; and
(b) the sequence of transmission control lever positions must—
(i) include a neutral position (in which no power is transmitted
to the driving wheels) located between the reverse drive
and forward drive positions; and
(ii) if a park position (in which forward or rearward movement
of the vehicle is prevented) is included—the park position
must be located at the end of the sequence adjacent to the
reverse drive position.
(5) If a car, or a car derivative, built after 1975 is equipped with automatic
transmission and—
(a) the transmission control lever is located on the steering
column—
(i) the movement of the lever from neutral to reverse must be
clockwise or, if all lever positions are to the right of the
vertical longitudinal plane through the centre of the
steering wheel, the movement of the lever from neutral to
reverse must be anticlockwise; and
(ii) the movement of the device provided to indicate the
transmission gear ratio selected must be generally in the
same linear or rotational direction as the movement of the
lever; or
Section 1.39
(b) the transmission control lever is located in another position—
(i) all lever positions must be to the left of the vertical
longitudinal plane through the centre of the steering wheel;
and
(ii) the movement of the lever from neutral to reverse must be
generally upwards, forward or to the left according to
whether the lever is constrained to be moved generally in a
vertical, longitudinal or transverse direction, as the case
may be.
1.39 Diesel engines
A light motor vehicle propelled by a compression ignition engine
(commonly known as a diesel engine) must be fitted with a device
preventing the engine from being started accidentally or
inadvertently.
1.40 Bonnet securing devices
(1) A light motor vehicle with a moveable body panel forward of the
windscreen must have a device to secure the panel if it covers an
engine, luggage storage or battery compartment.
(2) However, if the panel opens from the front in a way that partly or
completely obstructs the driver’s forward view through the
windscreen, the panel must have primary and secondary devices to
secure the panel.
1.41 Electrical wiring, components, connections and
installations
(1) The wiring of electrical equipment of a light vehicle, except the
high-tension ignition wiring, must—
(a) be supported at intervals of not over 600mm, unless the vehicle
is a pole-type trailer with a pole with an adjustable length, or an
extendible trailer; and
Section 1.42
(b) be insulated at each of its joints; and
(c) be located where it cannot—
(i) become overheated; or
(ii) contact moving parts; or
(iii) come near enough to the fuel system to be a fire hazard;
and
(d) be protected from chafing.
(2) The electrical components of a light vehicle must be securely
mounted.
(3) The electrical connectors between light motor vehicles and light
trailers, for operation of the vehicle lights required by this schedule,
must comply with AS 2513-1982 (Electrical Connections for Trailer
Vehicles).
(4) A light trailer must be equipped with an electrical conductor,
independent of the trailer coupling, that provides a return path
between the electrical circuits of the trailer and towing vehicle.
1.42 Speedometers
(1) A light motor vehicle built after June 1974 that can be driven faster
than 50km/h on a level road must be fitted with a speedometer.
(2) The speedometer must—
(a) indicate the speed at which the vehicle is being driven in
kilometres per hour; and
(b) indicate, when the vehicle is travelling faster than 40km/h, a
speed that is not over 10% less than the actual speed; and
(c) be readily visible to the driver.
Section 1.43
1.43 Television receivers and visual display units
(1) A television receiver or visual display unit must not be installed in a
light vehicle so any part of the image on the screen is visible to the
driver from the normal driving position.
(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to—
(a) a television receiver or visual display unit that cannot be
operated when the vehicle is moving; or
(b) a driver’s aid in any vehicle or a destination sign in a bus.
Examples—driver’s aids
• closed-circuit television security cameras
• dispatch systems
• navigational or intelligent highway and vehicle system equipment
• rear-view screens
• taxi driver’s visual display unit showing passenger information
• ticket-issuing machines
• vehicle monitoring devices
(3) A television receiver, or visual display unit, and its associated
equipment in a light vehicle must be securely mounted in a position
(a) does not obscure the driver’s view of the road; and
(b) does not impede the movement of a person in the vehicle.
1.44 Windows generally
(1) A window on a light vehicle must be sound and properly fitted.
(2) A movable window on a light vehicle must be fitted with a suitable
device to open and close it.
(3) At least 1/2 of the side windows on a light vehicle must be openable.
Section 1.45
1.45 Requirement for windscreen to be fitted
A light motor vehicle (other than a motorbike, a motortrike or a
moped) must be fitted with a windscreen if it is manufactured or
designed to have a windscreen.
1.46 Windscreens and windows
(1) Transparent material used in a windscreen, window, or an interior
partition, of a light motor vehicle must be of approved material if—
(a) the vehicle was built after June 1953; or
(b) the material was first fitted to the vehicle after June 1953.
(2) However, non-shatterable transparent material may be used in a
window or an interior partition of a light motor vehicle.
approved material means material with the same characteristics as
material mentioned in any of the following standards:
• AS R1-1965 (Safety Glass for Land Transport)
• AS R1-1968 (Safety Glass for Land Transport)
• AS 2080-1977 (Safety Glass for Vehicles)
• British Standard BS 857:1967 Specification for Safety Glass for
Land Transport
• British Standard BS 5282:1975 Specification for Road Vehicle
Safety Glass
• Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No 43 Uniform
Provisions Concerning Approval of Safety Glazing and Glazing
Materials for Installation on Power Driven Vehicles and their
Trailers.
• British Standard BS AU178:1980 Specification for Road Vehicle
Safety Glass
• Japanese Industrial Standard JIS R 3211-1979 Safety Glasses for
Road Vehicles
Section 1.47
• American National Standard ANSI Z26.1-1980 Safety Code for
Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles Operating
on Land Highways.
Economic Commission for Europe means the commission of that
name established by the United Nations.
transparent material does not include any coating added to the
windscreen, window or partition after its manufacture.
Note 1 An instrument mentioned in this section does not need to be notified
under the Legislation Act because s 47 (5) does not apply (see s 5A and
Legislation Act, s 47 (7)).
Note 2 The Australian Standards mentioned in this section may be purchased at
Note 3 The British Standards mentioned in this section may be purchased at
http://shop.bsigroup.com.
Note 4 The Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No 43 is available at
http://eur-lex.europa.eu.
Note 5 The Japanese Industrial Standard JIS R 3211-1979 may be purchased at
http://www.webstore.jsa.or.jp/webstore/Top/indexEn.jsp.
Note 6 The American National Standard ANSI Z26.1-1980 may be purchased at
http://webstore.ansi.org.
1.47 Window tinting
(1) Glazing used in a windscreen of a light motor vehicle must have a
luminous transmittance of at least 70%.
(2) Windscreen glazing of a light motor vehicle must not be coated in a
way that reduces its luminous transmittance.
(3) However, subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to the greater of the
following areas of a windscreen:
(a) the area above the highest point of the windscreen that is swept
by a windscreen-wiper;
(b) the upper 10% of the windscreen.
Section 1.48
(4) Glazing used in a window or interior partition of a light motor vehicle
must have a luminous transmittance of at least 70%.
(5) Glazing (other than glazing used in the windscreen in a light motor
vehicle) may be coated to achieve a luminous transmittance of not
less than 35%.
(6) Glazing that has been coated to reduce its luminous transmittance
must not have a reflectance of over 10%.
(7) The luminous transmittance requirements in subsection (5) apply to a
vehicle instead of the corresponding requirements in the relevant
ADR.
luminous transmittance, for glazing, means the amount of light that
can pass through the glazing as a percentage of the amount of light
that would be transmitted if the glazing were absent.
Note Glazing—see the dictionary.
1.48 Windscreen-wipers
(1) A light motor vehicle with 3 or more wheels that is fitted with a
windscreen must be fitted with at least 1 windscreen-wiper unless a
driver in a normal driving position can obtain an adequate view of the
road ahead of the motor vehicle without looking through the
windscreen.
(2) At least 1 windscreen-wiper fitted to the motor vehicle must—
(a) be able to remove moisture from the part of the windscreen in
front of the driver to allow the driver an adequate view of the
road ahead of the motor vehicle when the windscreen is wet; and
(b) be able to be operated from a normal driving position; and
(c) for a motor vehicle built after 1934—continue to operate until
the wiper is switched off; and
Section 1.49
(d) for a motor vehicle built after 1959 the driving position of which
is nearer one side of the vehicle than the other—
(i) be able to remove moisture from the part of the windscreen
in front of the driver, and a corresponding part of the
windscreen on the other side of the centre of the motor
vehicle, to allow the driver an adequate view of the road
ahead of the motor vehicle when the windscreen is wet; and
(ii) if the windscreen-wipers are operated by engine manifold
vacuum—be provided with a vacuum reservoir or pump to
maintain the efficient operation of the wiper or wipers
while the vehicle is in motion.
Note The ADRs require certain vehicles with a GVM not over 4.5t to be fitted
with a windscreen-washer.
1.49 Wheels and tyres—size and capacity
The wheels and tyres fitted to an axle of a light vehicle must be of
sufficient size and capacity to carry the part of the vehicle’s gross
mass transmitted to the ground through the axle.
1.50 Pneumatic tyres generally
A light vehicle built after 1932 must be fitted with pneumatic tyres.
1.51 Pneumatic tyres—carcass construction
(1) A light vehicle must not have pneumatic tyres of different carcass
construction fitted to the same axle, but the tyres may have different
cord materials and a different number of plies.
(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a tyre being used in an
emergency as a temporary replacement for a tyre complying with the
subsection.
Section 1.52
1.52 Pneumatic tyres—size and capacity
The size and capacity of a pneumatic tyre to be fitted to a light vehicle
must be decided using a cold inflation pressure that is not over the
lesser of—
(a) the pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer; and
(b) a pressure of—
(i) for a radial ply tyre—825kPa; or
(ii) for another tyre—700kPa.
1.53 Tyres—defects
A tyre fitted to a light vehicle must be free of any apparent defect that
could make the vehicle unsafe.
1.54 Tyres—manufacturer’s rating
(1) This section applies to a light motor vehicle if the vehicle—
(a) has 4 or more wheels; and
(b) was built after 1972.
(2) However, this section does not apply to a tyre if the tyre—
(a) is recommended by the vehicle builder as suitable for limited
use on the vehicle in special circumstances at a speed less than
the speed applying to the vehicle under subsection (3); or
(b) is being used in an emergency as a temporary replacement for a
tyre complying with this section.
Section 1.55
(3) A tyre fitted to a light motor vehicle must, when first built, have been
rated by the tyre manufacturer as suitable for road use at the lesser
of—
(a) a speed of at least—
(i) for a car with special features for off-road use—140km/h;
or
(ii) for another car—180km/h; or
(iii) for another motor vehicle—120km/h; and
(b) the vehicle’s top speed.
Example—par (a) (i)
a four-wheel drive
(4) This section applies to a light vehicle instead of the tyre speed
category requirements in the relevant ADR.
1.55 Retreads
(1) A tyre that is retreaded before 1 March 2000 must not be used on a
(a) AS 1973-1976 (Retreaded Pneumatic Passenger Car and Light
Truck Tyre) or AS 1973-1985 (Retreaded Pneumatic Passenger
and Light Truck Tyre) applies to the tyre; and
(b) the tyre was retreaded after publication of the Australian
Standard; and
(c) the tyre was not retreaded in accordance with AS 1973-1976
(Retreaded Pneumatic Passenger Car and Light Truck Tyre),
AS 1973-1985 (Retreaded Pneumatic Passenger and Light
Truck Tyre) or AS 1973-1993 (Pneumatic Tyres—Passenger
Car, Light Truck and Truck/Bus—Retreading and Repair
Processes).
Section 1.56
(2) A tyre that is retreaded after 29 February 2000 must not be used on a
(a) AS 1973-1993 (Pneumatic Tyres—Passenger Car, Light Truck
and Truck/Bus—Retreading and Repair Processes) applies to
the tyre; and
(b) the tyre was not retreaded in accordance with the Australian
Standard.
Note 1 The Australian Standards mentioned in this section require various
markings on retreaded tyres. These may include a speed rating less than
the rating originally marked on the tyre.
Note 2 AS 1973-1976, AS 1973-1985 and AS 1973-1993 may be purchased at
1.56 Tyre tread
(1) A tyre on a light motor vehicle must not have cleats or other gripping
devices that could damage road surfaces.
(2) Except at tread wear indicators, a tyre fitted to the vehicle must have
a tread pattern at least 1.5mm deep in a band that runs continuously—
(a) across the tyre width that normally comes into contact with the
road; and
(b) around the whole circumference of the tyre.
(3) A light vehicle must not be fitted with a tyre that has been treated by
recutting or regrooving the tread rubber, unless the tyre was—
(a) built with an extra thickness of rubber designed for recutting or
regrooving; and
(b) labelled to indicate the construction.
Additional requirements for motorbikes Division 1.5.2
Section 1.57
Division 1.5.2 Additional requirements for
motorbikes
1.57 Steering gear and handlebars
(1) The handlebars on a motorbike must extend at least 250mm, but not
over 450mm, on each side of the centre-line of the vehicle.
(2) In taking a measurement for subsection (1), mirrors and lights
mounted on the handlebars of the motorbike are disregarded.
(3) The lowest part of the handgrip on the handlebars must not be higher
than 380mm above the attachment point of the handlebars to the
motorbike.
(4) Handgrips on the handlebars must be fitted symmetrically.
(5) If a motorbike has the head stem as the steering pivot point, the
horizontal distance from the midpoint between the head stem bearings
to the centre of the front wheel must not be over 550mm.
Maximum horizontal distance from midpoint between head stem
bearings of motorbike to centre of front wheel
Division 1.5.2 Additional requirements for motorbikes
Section 1.58
1.58 Footrests
A motorbike must be fitted with footrests for the driver, and for any
passenger for whom a seating position is provided.
1.59 Chain guards
(1) If the engine power of a motorbike is transmitted to the rear wheel by
a chain, the driver and any passenger must be protected from the front
sprocket and at least the upper part of the chain by—
(a) the frame or equipment of the motorbike; or
(b) a chain guard.
(2) A chain guard must cover the chain to a point—
(a) at least 300mm to the rear of the rearmost footrest; or
(b) above the centre of the rear drive sprocket.
Vehicle marking Part 1.6
Section 1.62
Part 1.6 Vehicle marking
Note This part contains requirements for a light vehicle that help to identify the
vehicle and, if the vehicle is unusually long, to warn other motorists.
1.62 Vehicle and engine identification numbers
number includes letter.
(2) A light motor vehicle must have an individual engine identification
number clearly stamped, embossed or otherwise permanently marked
on it.
(3) A light motor vehicle built after 1930 must have the engine
identification number on its engine block or the main component of
its engine.
(4) A light vehicle must have an individual vehicle identification number
clearly stamped, embossed or otherwise permanently marked on a
substantial part of its frame or chassis.
(5) A vehicle or engine identification number must be located where a
person can read it easily without having to use tools to remove a part
of the vehicle that would otherwise obstruct the person’s view.
1.63 Identification plates on certain older light motor vehicles
(1) A light motor vehicle (other than a tractor, trailer or implement)
registered for the first time after July 1972 must either—
(a) be on the RAV; or
(b) have an identification plate securely and prominently attached
within the engine compartment, or another position approved by
the road transport authority.
Part 1.6 Vehicle marking
Section 1.63
(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a vehicle if—
(a) any of the following apply:
(i) the vehicle was supplied to the market without an
identification plate before 1 July 2022, in accordance with
an approval under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989
(Cwlth) (repealed), section 14A (1);
(ii) the vehicle was approved for use in transport in Australia
without an identification plate before 1 July 2021, under
the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed),
section 15 (2), and the approval was in force immediately
before the repeal of that Act on 1 July 2021;
(iii) the vehicle was imported without an identification plate
before 1 July 2022, in accordance with an approval under
the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed),
section 20 (1); and
Note 1 Despite the repeal of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989
(Cwlth) on 1 July 2021—
(a) approvals mentioned in par (a) (i) and (iii) that were in force
immediately before the repeal continue in force until
1 July 2022; and
(b) new approvals under the sections mentioned in par (a) (i)
and (iii) may be given between 1 July 2021 to 1 July 2022,
and remain in force until 1 July 2022.
Provisions) Act 2018 (Cwlth), sch 3, s 11 and s 13.)
Note 2 Approvals under the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth)
(repealed), s 14A (1), s 15 (2) and s 20 (1) may also have been
given under the Motor Vehicle Standards Regulations 1989
(Cwlth) (repealed).
Vehicle marking Part 1.6
Section 1.64
1.64 White or silver band on certain light vehicles
(1) This section applies to a light vehicle that—
(a) is at least 2.2m wide; and
(b) has a body with a vertical measurement under 300mm at the
rear, measured from the lowest point of the body above ground
level to the highest point; and
(c) is not fitted with rear marking plates.
(2) For subsection (1) (a), the width of a light vehicle is measured
(3) The vehicle must have a white or silver band at least 75mm high
across the full width of the rearmost part of the body of the vehicle.
1.65 Warning signs not to be displayed on light vehicles
A road train warning sign or long vehicle warning sign must not be
displayed on a light vehicle unless the sign is required to be displayed
on the vehicle under the Heavy Vehicle National Law (ACT).
Division 1.7.1 Axles
Section 1.66
Part 1.7 Light vehicle configuration and
dimensions
Note This part sets out various requirements covering the suspension on light
vehicles and size limits for single light vehicles and light combinations,
so that they can be operated safely with other traffic, without taking up
too much road space or damaging the road and structures on the road.
Generally, the limits in this part apply to a vehicle and any load it may be
carrying.
Particular requirements for loaded vehicles are covered by the Road
Transport (Road Rules) Regulation 2017.
Division 1.7.1 Axles
1.66 Axle configuration
(1) A light motor vehicle must have only—
(a) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the front of the vehicle; and
(b) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the rear of the vehicle.
(2) A light trailer must have only—
(a) 1 axle group or single axle; or
(b) 2 axle groups, 2 single axles, or 1 axle group and single axle, in
the following configuration:
(i) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the front of the
vehicle, with all the wheels on the axle group or single axle
connected to the steering mechanism for that part of the
trailer;
(ii) 1 axle group, or single axle, towards the rear of the vehicle.
Axles Division 1.7.1
Section 1.66
(3) A semitrailer that is a light trailer that is extendible, or is fitted with
sliding axles, must—
(a) have a securing device that—
(i) can securely fix the extendible part or sliding axles to the
rest of the vehicle in any position of adjustment provided;
and
(ii) is located in a position that can prevent accidental or
inadvertent release, if the device is mounted on the chassis
of the vehicle; and
(iii) is fitted with a visible or audible warning system to indicate
to a person standing beside the vehicle that the device is
not engaged; and
(iv) is fitted with a way of preventing loss of air from the air
brake supply, if the device uses air from the brake system
and fails in a way allowing air to escape; and
(v) is held in the applied position by direct mechanical action
without the intervention of an electric, hydraulic or
pneumatic device; and
(b) be built so the adjustable parts of the vehicle remain connected
if the securing device fails.
Section 1.67
1.67 References to length etc—div 1.7.2
In this division, a reference to the length, width or height of a vehicle
or part of a vehicle is a reference to that dimension of the vehicle or
part together with any load or equipment on the vehicle or part.
1.68 Width
(1) A light vehicle must not be over 2.5m wide.
(2) For subsection (1), the width of a vehicle is measured without taking
into account any anti-skid device mounted on wheels, central tyre
1.69 Length of single light motor vehicles
A light motor vehicle must not be over 12.5m long.
1.70 Length of single light trailers
(1) On a semitrailer that is a light trailer or dog trailer that is a light
trailer—
(a) the distance between the point of articulation at the front of the
trailer and the rear overhang line must not be over 9.5m; and
(b) the distance between the point of articulation at the front of the
trailer and the rear of the trailer must not be over 12.3m.
(2) A projection forward of the point of articulation at the front of a
semitrailer that is a light trailer must be contained within a radius of
1.9m from the point of articulation.
Dimensions Division 1.7.2
Section 1.71
Maximum dimensions of a semitrailer
(3) If a semitrailer that is a light trailer has 2 or more points of articulation
at the front of the trailer, it must comply with subsections (1) and (2)
when measured at 1 of the points.
(4) A pig trailer that is a light trailer must not be longer than 12.5m.
pig trailer means a trailer that is not fitted with an axle group other
than 1 non-steerable axle group.
1.71 Length of light combinations
A light combination must not be over 19m long.
Section 1.72
1.72 Rear overhang
(1) The rear overhang of a semitrailer that is a light trailer, or dog trailer
that is a light trailer consisting of a semitrailer and converter dolly,
must not be over the lesser of—
(a) 60% of the distance between the point of articulation at the front
and the rear overhang line; and
(2) A semitrailer that is a light trailer with 2 or more points of articulation
at the front must comply with subsection (1) when measured at the
same point used for measurement for compliance with
section 1.70 (3).
(3) The rear overhang of a light trailer with only 1 axle group or single
axle (other than a semitrailer) must not be over the lesser of—
(a) the length of the load carrying area, or body, ahead of the rear
overhang line; and
(4) The rear overhang of a light vehicle not mentioned in subsection (1)
or (3) must not be over the lesser of—
(a) 60% of the distance between the centre of the front axle and the
rear overhang line; and
1.73 Trailer drawbar length
(1) The distance between the coupling pivot point on the drawbar of a
dog trailer that is a light trailer, and the centre-line of the front axle
group or of the front single axle of the trailer, must not be over 5m.
Dimensions Division 1.7.2
Section 1.74
Length of a drawbar on a dog trailer
(2) The distance between the coupling pivot point on a drawbar, and the
centre-line of the axle group or single axle on a light trailer with only
1 axle group or single axle (other than a semitrailer) must not be over
8.5m.
1.74 Height
A light vehicle must not be over 4.3m high.
1.75 Ground clearance
ground clearance, of a vehicle, means the minimum distance to the
ground from a point on the underside of the vehicle, other than a point
on a tyre, wheel, wheel hub, brake backing plate or flexible mudguard
or mudflap of the vehicle.
(2) A light motor vehicle or light combination must have a ground
clearance of—
(a) at least 100mm at any point within 1m of an axle; and
Section 1.75
(b) at least 1/30 of the distance between the centres of adjacent axles
at the midpoint between them; and
(c) at any other point—at least the distance that allows the vehicle
or combination to pass over a peak in the road with a gradient
on either side of 1:15, if the wheels of 1 axle of the vehicle or
combination are on the slope on one side of the peak and the
wheels of the next axle are on the slope on the other side.
(3) However, subsection (2) does not apply to—
(a) a light motor vehicle with less than 4 wheels; or
(b) a light combination that includes a light motor vehicle with less
than 4 wheels.
Ground clearance at the midpoint between 2 axles
Ground clearance over a peak in the road
General requirements for lights Division 1.8.1
Section 1.76
Note This part deals with how the lights on a light vehicle must be fitted and
work so that the driver can see the road, pedestrians and other vehicles at
night, and can signal to others. The Road Transport (Road Rules)
Regulation 2017 provide for when certain lights must be switched on.
In this part, the description ‘yellow’ is used as a more modern term instead
of the description ‘amber’, which is used in earlier legislation and some
ADRs.
Division 1.8.1 General requirements for lights
1.76 Certain requirements apply only at night
The requirements of this part for a light, other than a brake or
direction indicator light, to be visible over a stated distance apply only
at night.
1.77 Prevention of glare
A light, other than a high-beam headlight, fitted to a light vehicle must
be built and adjusted to provide the necessary amount of light, without
dazzling the driver of another vehicle approaching, or being
approached by, the vehicle.
1.78 Pairs of lights
(1) If lights are required under this schedule to be fitted to a light vehicle
in pairs—
(a) a light must be fitted on each side of the longitudinal axis of the
(b) the centre of each light in a pair must be the same distance from
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle; and
(c) the centre of each light in a pair must be at the same height above
ground level; and
Section 1.79
(d) each light in a pair must project approximately the same amount
of light of the same colour.
1.79 Headlights to be fitted to light vehicles
(1) A light motor vehicle must be fitted with—
(a) 1 low-beam headlight if it is a moped, motorbike, or motortrike
with 1 front wheel; or
(b) a pair of low-beam headlights if it has 4 or more wheels or is a
motortrike, other than a moped, with 2 front wheels.
(2) If a light motor vehicle built after 1934 can travel at over 60km/h—
(a) each low-beam headlight mentioned in subsection (1) must be
able to work in the high-beam position; or
(b) the vehicle must be fitted with—
(i) 1 headlight that can work in the high-beam position if the
vehicle is required to have 1 low-beam headlight; or
(ii) a pair of headlights that can work in the high-beam
position.
(3) A motorbike may be equipped with a headlight modulation system
(a) varies the brightness of its high-beam headlight or low-beam
headlight, but not both, at a rate of at least 200 and at most
280 flashes a minute; and
(b) is designed to operate only in the daylight.
Headlights Division 1.8.2
Section 1.80
(4) Additional headlights may be fitted to a motorbike or motortrike, or
a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that was built before 1970.
(5) Additional pairs of headlights may be fitted to a light motor vehicle
with 4 or more wheels that was built after 1969.
1.80 How headlights are to be fitted
(1) The centres of low-beam headlights fitted as a pair on a light motor
vehicle with 4 or more wheels must be at least 600mm apart.
(2) However, subsection (1) does not apply to a light motor vehicle built
before 1970 if the centres of its low-beam headlights—
(a) were under 600mm apart when the vehicle was built; and
(b) are not nearer than they were when the vehicle was built.
(3) Each low-beam headlight of a pair on a motortrike (other than a
moped) with 2 front wheels must not be over 400mm from the nearer
side of the vehicle.
(4) The centre of a low-beam headlight fitted to a light motor vehicle
built after June 1953 must be—
(a) at least 500mm above ground level; and
(b) not over 1.4m above ground level.
1.81 How single headlights are to be fitted
(1) A motorbike or motortrike with a single headlight fitted must have
the light fitted in the centre.
Section 1.82
1.82 How additional headlights are to be fitted
If 2 or more additional headlights are fitted to a light motor vehicle
with 4 or more wheels, the additional headlights must as far as
possible be fitted in pairs.
1.83 Performance of headlights
(1) When on, a headlight, or additional headlight, fitted to a light vehicle
must—
(a) show only white light; and
(b) project its main beam of light ahead of the vehicle.
(2) Headlights must be fitted to a light vehicle so their light does not
reflect off the vehicle into the driver’s eyes.
1.84 Effective range of headlights
(1) This section applies to a headlight that is on at night.
(2) A low-beam headlight must illuminate the road ahead of the light
vehicle for at least 25m.
(3) A high-beam headlight must illuminate the road ahead of the light
vehicle for at least 50m.
(4) However, a low-beam headlight fitted to a light motor vehicle built
before 1931, or a moped, need only illuminate the road ahead of the
vehicle for 12m.
Parking lights Division 1.8.3
Section 1.85
1.85 Changing headlights from high-beam to low-beam
position
(1) A light motor vehicle built after 1934 that can travel at over 60km/h
must be fitted with—
(a) a dipping device enabling the driver in the normal driving
position—
(i) to change the headlights from the high-beam position to the
low-beam position; or
(ii) simultaneously to switch off a high-beam headlight and
switch on a low-beam headlight; and
(b) for a light vehicle built after June 1953—a device to indicate to
the driver that the headlights are in the high-beam position.
(2) A headlight fitted to a light vehicle not fitted with a dipping device
mentioned in subsection (1) (a) must operate in the low-beam
position.
(3) When a headlight fitted to a light vehicle is switched to the low-beam
position, any other headlight on the vehicle must operate only in the
low-beam position or be off.
1.86 Parking lights
(1) A light motor vehicle built after June 1953 must be fitted with—
(a) a pair of parking lights if it is a motortrike with 2 front wheels
(other than a moped) or a motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels;
or
(b) at least 1 parking light if it is a motorbike with an attached
sidecar, or a motortrike with 1 front wheel, (other than a moped).
Section 1.86
(2) A pair of parking lights fitted to a light motor vehicle with 4 or more
wheels must be fitted with the centre of each light—
(a) at least 600mm from the centre of the other light; and
(b) not over 510mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.
(3) However, a pair of parking lights fitted to a light motor vehicle under
1.3m wide may be fitted with the centre of each light not under
400mm from the centre of the other light.
(4) A parking light fitted to a motortrike with 2 front wheels must not be
over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.
(5) A parking light fitted to a motorbike with a sidecar must be fitted not
over 150mm from the side of the sidecar furthest from the motorbike.
Location of parking lights on a vehicle
(6) When on, a parking light must—
(a) show a white or yellow light visible 200m from the front of the
light vehicle; and
Daytime running lights Division 1.8.4
Section 1.87
(7) A parking light fitted to a light motor vehicle built after 1969 must be
wired so the parking light is on when a headlight on the vehicle is on.
(8) A parking light fitted to a sidecar attached to a motorbike must be
wired to operate when a headlight, tail-light or parking light on the
motorbike is on.
(9) For subsection (3), the width of a light vehicle is measured
1.87 Daytime running lights
(1) A pair of daytime running lights may be fitted to a light motor vehicle.
(2) A pair of daytime running lights fitted to a light vehicle with 4 or
more wheels must be fitted with the centre of each light—
(a) at least 600mm from the centre of the other light; and
(b) not over 510mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.
(3) However, a pair of daytime running lights fitted to a light motor
vehicle under 1.3m wide may be fitted with the centre of each light
not under 400mm from the centre of the other light.
Section 1.87
Location of daytime running lights on a vehicle
(4) When on, a daytime running light must—
(a) show a white or yellow light visible from the front of the vehicle;
and
(b) not use over 25W.
Note The 3rd edition ADRs only allow white daytime running lights.
(5) Daytime running lights must be wired so they are off when a
headlight, other than a headlight being used as a flashing signal, is on.
(6) For subsection (3), the width of a light vehicle is measured
Tail-lights Division 1.8.5
Section 1.88
Division 1.8.5 Tail-lights
1.88 Tail-lights generally
(1) A light vehicle must have at least 1 tail-light fitted on or towards the
rear of the vehicle.
(2) A motortrike with 2 rear wheels, or a light motor vehicle with 4 or
more wheels, built after 1959 must have at least 1 tail-light fitted on
or towards each side of the rear of the vehicle.
(3) A light trailer built after June 1988 must have at least 1 tail-light fitted
on or towards each side of the rear of the vehicle.
(4) The centre of a tail-light mentioned in subsection (1), (2) or (3) must
not be over—
(a) 1.5m above ground level; or
(b) if it is not practicable to fit the light lower—2.1m above ground
(5) A light vehicle may have 1 or more additional tail-lights at any height
1.89 Pattern of fitting tail-lights
(1) If only 1 tail-light is fitted to a light vehicle, it must be fitted in the
centre or to the right of the centre of the vehicle’s rear.
(3) If 2 or more tail-lights are fitted to a light vehicle, at least 2 must be
fitted as a pair.
(4) Tail-lights fitted in accordance with this division may also serve as
rear clearance lights if they are fitted to a vehicle in accordance with
section 1.87 (3).
Section 1.90
1.90 Performance of tail-lights
When on, a tail-light of a light vehicle must—
(a) show a red light visible 200m from the rear of the vehicle; and
1.91 Wiring of tail-lights
A tail-light of a light motor vehicle must be wired to come on, and
stay on, when a parking light or headlight on the vehicle is on, unless
an external switch is fitted to operate the tail-light.
1.92 Numberplate lights
(1) At least 1 numberplate light must be fitted to the rear of a light
(2) When on, the numberplate light or lights must illuminate a
numberplate on the rear of the vehicle with white light, so the
characters on the numberplate can be read at night 20m from the rear
(3) A numberplate light—
(a) may be combined with another light; and
(b) must not project white light to the rear of the vehicle except by
reflection; and
(c) must not obscure the characters on the numberplate; and
(d) must be wired to come on, and stay on, when a parking light,
headlight or tail-light on the vehicle is on.
Clearance lights Division 1.8.7
Section 1.93
Division 1.8.7 Clearance lights
1.93 Front clearance lights
(1) Front clearance lights may only be fitted to a light vehicle that is at
least 1.8m wide.
(2) A pair of front clearance lights must be fitted to a light motor vehicle
that is at least 2.2m wide, or a prime mover that is a light vehicle.
(3) The centre of a front clearance light must be—
(a) not over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle; and
(b) if the vehicle was built after June 1953—
(i) at least 750mm higher than the centre of any low-beam
headlight fitted to the vehicle; or
(ii) not lower than the top of the windscreen.
(4) However, a front clearance light may be mounted on an external rear-
vision mirror or a mirror support if, when the mirror is correctly
adjusted, no part of the lens of the clearance light is visible to a person
in the normal driving position.
(5) When on, a front clearance light must—
(a) show a yellow or white light visible 200m from the front of the
1.94 External cabin lights
(1) A light motor vehicle fitted with front clearance lights may also have
additional forward-facing lights on or above the roof of its cabin.
(2) The additional forward-facing lights must be spaced evenly between
the front clearance lights, with their centres at least 120mm apart.
Section 1.95
(3) When on, an additional forward-facing light must—
(a) show a yellow or white light; and
1.95 Rear clearance lights
(1) Rear clearance lights may only be fitted to a light vehicle that is at
least 1.8m wide.
(2) A pair of rear clearance lights must be fitted to the rear of a light
vehicle that is at least 2.2m wide.
(3) The centre of a rear clearance light must be—
(a) not over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle; and
(b) if practicable, at least 600mm above ground level.
(4) When on, a rear clearance light must—
(a) show a red light visible 200m from the rear of the vehicle; and
1.96 Light vehicles needing side marker lights
(1) A pair of side marker lights must be fitted towards the rear of the sides
of a light motor vehicle that is over 7.5m long and at least 2.2m wide.
(2) A pole-type trailer that is a light trailer, and a light motor vehicle built
to tow a pole-type trailer that is a light trailer, with at least 1 crossbar
or bolster must have a side marker light fitted to each side of the back
or only crossbar or bolster.
(3) A pole-type trailer that is a light vehicle with 2 or more crossbars or
bolsters may also have a side marker light fitted to each side of the
front crossbar or bolster.
Side marker lights Division 1.8.8
Section 1.97
(4) At least 2 side marker lights must be fitted to each side of—
(a) a light trailer, other than a pole-type trailer, that is at least 2.2m
wide and not over 7.5m long; and
(b) a semitrailer that is a light trailer that is not over 7.5m long.
(5) At least 3 side marker lights must be fitted to each side of—
(a) a light trailer, other than a pole-type trailer, that is at least 2.2m
wide and over 7.5m long; and
(b) a semitrailer that is a light trailer that is over 7.5m long.
(6) For subsections (1), (4) and (5), the width of a vehicle is measured
1.97 Location of side marker lights
(1) The centre of a side marker light must not be over 150mm from the
nearer side of the light vehicle.
(2) A front side marker light fitted to a light motor vehicle must be
towards the front of the side of the vehicle with no part of the lens
visible to the driver.
(3) The centre of a front side marker light fitted to a light trailer must
be—
(a) within 300mm of the front of the side of the trailer; or
(b) if the construction of the trailer makes it impracticable to comply
with paragraph (a)—as near as practicable to the front of the
(4) The centre of a rear side marker light fitted to a light vehicle must
be—
(a) within 300mm of the rear of the side of the vehicle; or
Section 1.98
(b) if the construction of the vehicle makes it impracticable to
comply with paragraph (a)—as near as practicable to the rear of
(5) Side marker lights fitted to a light vehicle must, as far as practicable,
be evenly spaced along the side of the vehicle.
(6) Subsections (2) to (5) do not apply to side marker lights fitted to a
crossbar or bolster of a pole-type trailer that is a light trailer.
(7) Only the side marker lights nearest to the rear need be fitted if
complying with subsections (3) and (4) would result in the front and
rear side marker lights being under 2.5m apart.
(8) A side marker light fitted to a light vehicle must be fitted so—
(a) its centre is not over—
(i) 1.5m above ground level; or
(ii) if it is not practicable to fit it lower—2.1m above ground
level; and
(b) its centre is at least 600mm above ground level; and
(c) it is, as far as practicable, in a row of side marker lights along
the side of the vehicle.
(9) Subsection (8) (a) does not apply to a side marker light that is not
required to be fitted to the vehicle by section 1.96.
1.98 Performance of side marker lights
(1) When on, a side marker light fitted to a light vehicle must—
(a) show a light visible 200m from the vehicle; and
(2) When on, a side marker light fitted to a light vehicle must show—
(a) to the front of the vehicle—a yellow light; and
Brakelights Division 1.8.9
Section 1.99
(b) to the rear of the vehicle—
(i) if the light also operates as a rear light or reflector—a red
light; and
(ii) in any other case—a red or yellow light.
(3) However, if a pole-type trailer with 2 or more crossbars or bolsters
that is a light trailer has the side marker lights permitted by
section 1.96 (3)—
(a) the side marker lights fitted to the front crossbar or bolster may
comply with subsection (2) (a) only; and
(b) the side marker lights fitted to the back crossbar or bolster may
comply with subsection (2) (b) only.
1.99 Side marker lights and rear clearance lights
The side marker light nearest to the rear of a light vehicle may also
be a rear clearance light for section 1.95.
1.100 Fitting brakelights
(1) A brakelight must be fitted to the rear of a light vehicle built after
1934.
(2) A pair of brakelights must be fitted to the rear of—
(a) a light motor vehicle built after 1959 that has 4 or more wheels;
and
(b) a motortrike built after 1959 that has 2 rear wheels; and
(c) a light trailer built after June 1988.
(3) The centre of a brakelight must be—
(a) at least 350mm above ground level; and
Section 1.101
(b) not over—
(i) 1.5m above ground level; or
(ii) if it is not practicable to fit the light lower—2.1m above
ground level.
(4) A light vehicle may be fitted with 1 or more additional brakelights.
(5) The centre of an additional brakelight must be at least 350mm above
ground level.
(6) If only 1 brakelight is fitted to a light vehicle, it must be fitted in the
centre or to the right of the centre of the vehicle’s rear.
(7) Subsection (6) applies to a motorbike with an attached sidecar as if
Location of brakelights on a vehicle
1.101 Performance and operation of brakelights
(1) When on, a brakelight must show a red light visible 30m from the rear
(2) A brakelight fitted to a light motor vehicle must come on, if it is not
already on, when—
(a) for a vehicle with 4 or more wheels or built after 1974—a
service brake is applied; or
Reversing lights Division 1.8.10
Section 1.102
(b) for another vehicle—the rear wheel brake is applied.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply if the controls in the vehicle that start
the engine are in a position that makes it impossible for the engine to
operate.
(4) A brakelight on a light trailer must come on when—
(a) the brakelight of the towing vehicle comes on; or
(b) a brake control on the towing vehicle, which independently
activates the service brake on the trailer, is operated.
(5) A brakelight may be operated by an engine brake, retarder, or similar
device if the device does not interfere with the proper operation of the
brakelight.
Division 1.8.10 Reversing lights
1.102 Reversing lights
(1) One or more reversing lights may be fitted to the rear of a light vehicle
and on each side towards the rear of the vehicle.
(2) A reversing light must have its centre not over 1.2m above ground
(3) When on, a reversing light must show a white or yellow light to the
rear or to the side and rear of the vehicle.
Note The 3rd edition ADRs only allow white reversing lights.
(4) A reversing light fitted to a light motor vehicle must be wired so it
operates only when the vehicle is reversing or in reverse gear.
(5) A reversing light fitted to a light trailer must be wired so it operates
only when a motor vehicle towing the trailer is reversing or in reverse
gear.
(6) A yellow reversing light may also operate as a direction indicator
light.
Section 1.103
1.103 Direction indicator lights on light motor vehicles
(1) A light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that was built after 1972
must have—
(a) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its front
that face forwards; and
(b) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its rear
that face backwards.
(2) A light motor vehicle with less than 4 wheels that was built after
June 1975 must have—
(a) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its front
that face forwards; and
(b) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its rear
that face backwards.
(3) A light motor vehicle that is not required to have direction indicator
lights may have—
(a) 1 or more pairs of direction indicator lights that are visible from
both the front and rear of the vehicle; or
(b) both—
(i) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its
front that face forwards; and
(ii) a pair of direction indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its
rear that face backwards.
Direction indicator lights Division 1.8.11
Section 1.104
1.104 Direction indicator lights on light trailers
(1) A light trailer built after June 1973 must have a pair of direction
indicator lights fitted on, or towards, its rear that face backwards.
(2) A light trailer that is not required to have direction indicator lights
may have 1 or more pairs of direction indicator lights fitted on, or
towards, its rear that face backwards.
1.105 Location of direction indicator lights
(1) A pair of direction indicator lights fitted to a light vehicle must have
the centre of each light at least—
(a) for a motorbike or the single wheel end of a motortrike—300mm
from the centre of the other light; and
(b) for lights fitted at the 2 wheel end of a motortrike—600mm from
the centre of the other light, unless the centre of each direction
indicator light is not over 400mm from the nearer side of the
(c) for another vehicle with a width of not over 1.3m—400mm from
the centre of the other light; and
(d) for another vehicle with a width of over 1.3m—600mm from the
centre of the other light.
(2) The centre of each direction indicator light must be at least 350mm
(3) The centre of each light in a pair of direction indicator lights required
to be fitted to a light vehicle must not be over—
(a) 1.5m above ground level; or
(b) if it is not practicable for the light to be fitted lower—2.1m
Section 1.106
(4) For subsection (1), the width of a vehicle is measured disregarding
1.106 Operation and visibility of direction indicator lights
(1) A direction indicator light fitted to a light motor vehicle must—
(a) when operating, display regular flashes of light at a rate of not
over 120 flashes a minute, and—
(i) for a light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels—at least
60, flashes a minute; and
(ii) for another light motor vehicle—at least 45, flashes a
minute; and
(b) be able to be operated by a person in the normal driving position;
and
(c) be wired to an audible or visible device in the vehicle that tells
the driver that the direction indicator light is operating; and
(d) flash at the same time and rate as any other direction indicator
lights fitted on the same side of the vehicle.
(2) A direction indicator light fitted to a side of a light trailer must, when
operating, flash at the same time and rate as the direction indicator
light or lights fitted to the same side of the light motor vehicle towing
the trailer.
(3) The flashes of light displayed by a direction indicator light must be—
(a) if the light faces forwards—white or yellow; and
(b) if the light faces backwards—
(i) yellow; or
(ii) for a light vehicle built before July 1973—yellow or red;
and
Direction indicator lights Division 1.8.11
Section 1.106
(c) if the light faces out from the side of the vehicle—
(i) white or yellow towards the front and side; and
(ii) for a light vehicle built before July 1973—yellow or red
towards the rear and side; and
(iii) for a light vehicle built after June 1973—yellow towards
the rear and side.
Note The ADRs only allow yellow direction indicator lights.
(4) If a light motor vehicle’s direction indicator lights display only
yellow light, the vehicle may be equipped to allow the lights to
operate simultaneously on both sides of the vehicle, if a visible or
audible signal tells the driver when the lights are operating
simultaneously.
(5) When on, a direction indicator light must be visible 30m from—
(a) if the light faces forwards—the front of the vehicle; or
(b) if the light faces backwards—the rear of the vehicle; or
(c) if the light faces out from the side of the vehicle—that side of
(6) When on, each direction indicator light in at least 1 pair of lights fitted
on or towards the front of a prime mover that is a light vehicle, or a
light motor vehicle over 7.5m long, must be visible at a point—
(a) 1.5m at right angles from the side of the vehicle where the light
is fitted; and
(b) in line with the rear of the vehicle.
Section 1.107
1.107 Front fog lights
(1) A pair of front fog lights may be fitted to a light motor vehicle with 4
or more wheels.
(2) A pair of front fog lights, or a single front fog light, may be fitted to
a motorbike or motortrike.
(3) A pair of front fog lights fitted to a light motor vehicle with 4 or more
wheels must have the centre of each light not over 400mm from the
nearer side of the vehicle unless the centres of the lights are at least
600mm apart.
(4) If the top of the front fog light is higher than the top of any low-beam
headlight on the vehicle, the centre of the fog light must not be higher
than the centre of the low-beam headlight.
(5) A front fog light must—
(a) when on—
(i) project white or yellow light in front of the vehicle; and
(ii) be a low-beam light; and
(b) be able to be operated independently of any headlight; and
(c) be fitted so the light from it does not reflect off the vehicle into
the driver’s eyes.
1.108 Rear fog lights
(1) A light vehicle may have fitted to its rear—
(a) a pair of rear fog lights; or
(b) 1 rear fog light fitted on, or to the right, of the centre of the
Interior lights Division 1.8.13
Section 1.109
(2) Subsection (1) (b) applies to a motorbike with an attached sidecar as
if the sidecar were not attached.
(3) A rear fog light must—
(a) have its centre—
(i) not over 1.5m above ground level; and
(ii) at least 100mm from the centre of a brakelight; and
(b) when on, project red light behind the vehicle; and
(c) not use over 27W; and
(d) be wired to a visible device in the vehicle that tells the driver
that the rear fog light is operating.
Division 1.8.13 Interior lights
1.109 Interior lights
A light vehicle may be fitted with interior lights that illuminate any
interior part of the vehicle.
Division 1.8.14 Reflectors generally
1.110 General requirements for reflectors
(1) A reflector fitted to a light vehicle must show a red, yellow or white
reflection of light when light is projected directly onto the reflector at
night by a low-beam headlight that—
(a) is 45m from the reflector; and
(b) complies with this schedule.
(2) The reflection must be clearly visible from the position of the
headlight.
Section 1.111
1.111 Rear reflectors
(1) A light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, and a light trailer, must
have a rear-facing red reflector towards each side of its rear.
(2) A motorbike, a sidecar attached to a motorbike, and a motortrike,
must have a rear-facing red reflector.
(3) The centre of each reflector must be—
(a) at the same height above ground level; and
(b) not over 1.5m above ground level.
(4) However, subsection (3) does not apply to a reflector fitted to a
sidecar attached to a motorbike.
(5) A reflector fitted to a light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, or a
light trailer, must not be over 400mm from the nearer side of the
(6) A light vehicle fitted with rear-facing red reflectors in accordance
with subsection (1) or (2) may be fitted with additional red reflectors
at any height above ground level or at any distance from the side of
Division 1.8.16 Side reflectors
1.112 Compulsory side reflectors on pole-type trailers that are
light trailers
(1) Yellow or red side-facing reflectors must be fitted to the pole of a
pole-type trailer that is a light trailer so—
(a) 1 reflector is fitted to the middle 1/3 of the left and right faces of
the pole; and
(b) the front reflector is not over 3m from the front of the trailer;
and
Front reflectors Division 1.8.17
Section 1.113
(c) the other reflectors are not over 3m apart.
(2) Additional side-facing reflectors may be fitted to a pole-type trailer
that is a light trailer in accordance with section 1.113.
1.113 Optional side reflectors
(1) A light vehicle may be fitted with side-facing reflectors.
(2) A side-facing reflector—
(a) towards the front of the vehicle must be yellow or white; and
(b) towards the rear of the vehicle must be yellow or red; and
(c) on the central part of the vehicle must be yellow.
1.114 Compulsory front reflectors on light trailers
(1) A front-facing white or yellow reflector must be fitted towards each
side of the front of—
(a) a semitrailer that is a light trailer, other than a pole-type trailer;
and
(b) the front crossbar or bolster of a pole-type trailer that is a light
trailer; and
(c) a light trailer that is at least 2.2m wide.
(2) Each reflector must have its centre—
(a) at the same height above ground level; and
(b) not over 1.5m above ground level; and
(c) not over 400mm from the nearer side of the vehicle.
(3) Additional front-facing reflectors may be fitted to a light trailer
mentioned in subsection (1) in accordance with section 1.115.
Section 1.115
1.115 Optional front reflectors
(1) A light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels, or a light trailer, may
have 1 or more front-facing white or yellow reflectors fitted towards
each side of its front.
(2) A light motor vehicle with less than 4 wheels may have 1 or more
front-facing white or yellow reflectors.
(3) The centre of at least 1 reflector on each side of the front of the vehicle
must be—
(a) at the same height above ground level as the centre of the other
reflector; and
(b) the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle as the
centre of the other reflector; and
(c) at least—
(i) for a light vehicle with a width under 1.3m—400mm from
the centre of the other reflector; and
(ii) for another light vehicle—600mm from the centre of the
other reflector.
(4) For subsection (3) (c), the width of a vehicle is measured disregarding
Warning lights and signs on buses carrying children that are light vehicles Division 1.8.19
Section 1.116
Division 1.8.19 Warning lights and signs on buses
carrying children that are light
1.116 Application—div 1.8.19
This division applies to a bus that is used mainly for carrying children
if the bus is—
(a) a light vehicle; and
(b) fitted with warning lights after June 1999.
1.117 Fitting of warning lights and signs
(1) Two warning lights and a warning sign must be fitted to the front and
rear of the bus.
(2) The warning lights must be fitted—
(a) on each side of, and the same distance from, the centre of the
warning sign; and
(b) with the edge of the warning sign not over 100mm from the
nearest point on the lens of the warning lights; and
(c) with the distance between the warning lights at least 300mm at
the nearest point; and
(d) so no part of the bus obstructs the light displayed—
(i) to the left and right of the centre of each light; and
(ii) above and below the centre of each light.
(3) The warning lights may be on the warning sign if the words or image
on the sign are not obscured.
(4) The warning lights at the same end of the bus must be fitted—
(a) at the same height; and
Division 1.8.19 Warning lights and signs on buses carrying children that are light
Section 1.118
(b) as high as practicable; and
(c) with the lowest point on the lens of each light not lower than
midway between the highest and lowest points on the bus body.
(5) If the centres of the warning lights are under 1.8m above ground level,
no part of the warning lights or warning sign may be on the left of the
bus.
(6) This rule applies to a bus despite any requirement of a 3rd edition
ADR.
1.118 Operation and performance of warning lights
(1) When operating, a warning light must display regular flashes of
yellow light at a rate of at least 90, and not over 180, flashes a minute.
(2) The warning lights at the same end of the bus must flash alternately.
(3) Unless the driver has turned the warning lights off, they must operate
automatically when a door on the bus opens and for at least 10, and
not over 20, seconds after all the doors on the bus have closed.
(4) The bus must have a visible or audible signal that tells the driver when
the warning lights are operating.
(5) The bus must be fitted with a switch that allows the driver to turn the
warning lights off.
(6) A warning light must have—
(a) an effective lit lens area of at least 60cm2; and
(b) a luminous intensity (in candela) of at least the values mentioned
in table 1.118 when measured at the angles mentioned in the
table.
Warning lights and signs on buses carrying children that are light vehicles Division 1.8.19
Section 1.119
Table 1.118
item
vertical
angle from
centre of
light
horizontal angle from centre of light
1 -30 -20 -10 -5 0 5 10 20 30
2 10 50 80 50
3 5 180 320 350 450 350 320 180
4 0 75 450 1 000 1 250 1 500 1 250 1 000 450 75
5 -5 40 270 450 570 600 570 450 270 40
6 -10 75 75 75
(7) For subsection (6) (b), the luminous intensity of a light is to be
measured in accordance with the test method mentioned in
3rd edition ADR 6.
1.119 Specifications for warning signs
(1) A warning sign at the front of the bus must—
(a) display the words ‘school bus’ in capital letters at least 100mm
high; or
(b) display an image of 2 children in the same proportions as the
children in AS 1743 (Road Signs—Specifications) (image
W6-3), with the image of the taller child at least 230mm high.
(2) A warning sign at the rear of the bus must display an image of
2 children in the same proportions as the children in AS 1743 (Road
Signs—Specifications) (image W6-3), with the image of the taller
child at least 230mm high.
Section 1.120
(3) The warning sign mentioned in subsection (1) (b) and subsection (2)
must—
(a) be a rectangular shape at least—
(i) if warning lights are on the warning sign—550mm wide
and 400mm high; and
(ii) in any other case—400mm wide and 250mm high; and
(b) have a black border; and
(c) have black graphics and be coated with yellow retro-reflective
material of class 1 or 2 that meets AS 1906 (Retro-reflective
Materials and Devices for Road Traffic Control Purposes).
Note AS 1743 and AS 1906 do not need to be notified under the Legislation
Act because s 47 (5) does not apply (see s 5A). The standards may be
purchased at www.standards.org.au.
Division 1.8.20 Other lights, reflectors, rear marking
plates or signals
1.120 Other lights and reflectors
exempt vehicle means a light vehicle that is—
(a) a police vehicle; or
(b) an emergency vehicle; or
(c) a transport enforcement vehicle; or
(d) an Australian Protective Service vehicle; or
(e) a Department of Home Affairs (Cwlth) vehicle; or
(f) an Airservices Australia vehicle.
Section 1.120
special use vehicle means—
(a) a light vehicle built or fitted for use in hazardous situations on a
road; or
(b) a light vehicle, or light combination, that because of its
dimensions is permitted to be driven on a road only in
accordance with a notice or permit issued under a law of this
jurisdiction; or
(c) a light vehicle built or fitted to accompany a vehicle, or
combination, mentioned in paragraph (b); or
(d) a bus that is a light vehicle fitted, before July 1999, with a sign
telling road users that the bus carries children.
Examples—special use vehicles—par (a)
• tow trucks
• vehicle breakdown service vehicles
(2) A light vehicle may be fitted with a light or reflector not mentioned
in this schedule only if another law of this jurisdiction allows that
light or reflector to be fitted.
(3) However, unless subsection (4) applies, a light vehicle must not be
fitted with—
(a) a light that flashes; or
(b) a light or reflector that—
(i) shows a red light to the front; or
(ii) shows a white light to the rear; or
(iii) is shaped or located in a way that reduces the effectiveness
of a light or reflector that is required to be fitted to the
vehicle under this schedule.
(4) Despite any requirement of a 3rd edition ADR, an exempt vehicle
may be fitted with any light or reflector, and a special use vehicle may
be fitted with 1 or more flashing yellow lights.
Section 1.121
1.121 Use of direction indicator lights as hazard warning lights
(1) A light motor vehicle that has direction indicator lights that show
yellow light to the front may be equipped with a device that will cause
the direction indicator lights fitted to the front and rear and on both
sides of the vehicle, and any light trailer connected to the vehicle, to
flash simultaneously and regularly at a rate of not less than 60, and
not more than 120, flashes per minute.
(2) When all direction indicator lights fitted to a light motor vehicle and
light trailer (if any) are flashing simultaneously, there must be an
indicator that will tell the driver, by visible or audible means, that the
lights are flashing.
1.122 Rear marking plates
rear marking plate means a rear marking plate complying with VSB
12 (Rear Marking Plates) as in force from time to time.
VSB means Vehicle Standards Bulletin.
Note Vehicle Standards Bulletins provide information on the design,
manufacture, sale, modification, maintenance, import and repair of road
vehicles. The term ‘road vehicles’ includes both motor vehicles and
trailers. The bulletins do not need to be notified under the Legislation Act
because s 47 (5) or (6) does not apply (see Legislation Act, s 47 (7)). The
bulletins are accessible at www.infrastructure.gov.au.
(2) Rear marking plates may be fitted to a light vehicle.
Section 1.122
An example of rear marking plates
An alternative pattern for rear marking plates
Section 1.123
1.123 Signalling devices
(1) This section applies to a light motor vehicle if—
(a) the vehicle is not fitted with a brakelight or direction indicator
light mentioned in division 1.8.9 (Brakelights) or
division 1.8.11 (Direction indicator lights); and
(b) the construction of the vehicle would otherwise prevent the
driver from hand signalling an intention—
(i) to turn or move the vehicle to the right; or
(ii) to stop or suddenly reduce the speed of the vehicle.
(2) The vehicle must be fitted with a mechanical signalling device or a
pair of turn signals.
1.124 Mechanical signalling devices
(1) A mechanical signalling device must—
(a) be fitted to the right side of the vehicle; and
(b) be able to be operated by the driver from a normal driving
position; and
(c) consist of a white or yellow representation of an open human
hand at least 150mm long; and
(d) be built so that the driver of the vehicle can keep the device—
(i) in a neutral position so it is unlikely that the driver of
another vehicle or anyone else would regard it as a signal;
and
(ii) in a horizontal position with the palm of the hand facing
forwards and the fingers pointing out at a right angle to the
vehicle to signal an intention to turn or move right; and
Section 1.125
(iii) with the palm of the hand facing forwards and the fingers
pointing upwards to signal an intention to stop or reduce
speed suddenly.
(2) When the mechanical signalling device is in a position mentioned in
subsection (1) (d) (ii) or (iii), the complete hand must be clearly
visible from both the front and the rear of the vehicle, at a distance of
30m.
1.125 Turn signals
A turn signal must—
(a) consist of a steady or flashing illuminated yellow sign at least
150mm long and 25mm wide that—
(i) when in operation—is kept horizontal; and
(ii) when not in operation—is kept in a position so it is unlikely
that the driver of another vehicle or anyone else would
regard it as a signal; and
(b) be fitted to the side of the motor vehicle at least 500mm and not
over 2.1m above ground level, in a position so the driver of the
vehicle, from the normal driving position, can see whether the
signal is in operation; and
(c) be able to be operated by the driver from the normal driving
position; and
(d) when in operation, be visible from both the front and rear of the
vehicle at a distance of 30m.
Section 1.126
1.126 Lights to be maintained on certain vehicles
A light mentioned in this part that is not an optional fitting, and was
fitted by the manufacturer of the vehicle before the date of application
of the section in which the light is mentioned, must be maintained in
proper working condition unless the lights fitted to the vehicle
comply with a later ADR.
A light vehicle built before June 1988 and supplied by the manufacturer with 1 tail-
light and 1 brakelight towards each side of the rear of the vehicle must continue to
have a tail-light and brakelight fitted towards each side of the rear of the vehicle.
Division 1.8.22 Light vehicles not required to have
lights or reflectors
1.127 Certain vehicles used in daylight
This part does not apply to a light vehicle built before 1931 that is
used only in the daylight.
1.128 Certain vehicles used for collection or exhibition
purposes
This part does not apply to a light vehicle built before 1946 that is
used mainly for collection or exhibition purposes.
Brake requirements for all vehicles Division 1.9.1
Section 1.129
Note This part sets out the braking system requirements for light vehicles to
ensure that they can be reliably slowed or stopped even if a part of a
braking system fails, and to ensure that a vehicle can be prevented from
rolling away when parked.
1.129 Parts of a braking system
A brake tube or hose fitted to a light vehicle must—
(a) be built from a material appropriate to its intended use in the
(b) be long enough to allow for the full range of steering and
suspension movements of the vehicle; and
(c) be fitted to prevent it being damaged during the operation of the
vehicle by—
(i) a source of heat; or
(ii) any movement of the parts to which it is attached or near.
1.130 Provision for wear
The braking system of a light vehicle must allow for adjustment to
take account of normal wear.
1.131 Supply of air or vacuum to brakes
(1) If air brakes are fitted to a light vehicle—
(a) the compressor supplying air to the brakes must be able to build
up air pressure to at least 80% of the governor cut-out pressure
in not longer than 5 minutes after the compressed air reserve is
fully used up; and
Section 1.132
(b) there must be an automatic or manual condensate drain valve at
the lowest point of each air brake reservoir in the system; and
(c) any spring brake fitted to the vehicle must not operate before the
warning mentioned in section 1.135 (4) (a) or
section 1.138 (3) (a) has been given.
(2) If vacuum brakes are fitted to a light vehicle, the vacuum supply must
be able to build up vacuum—
(a) to the level when the warning signal mentioned in
section 1.135 (4) (a) or section 1.138 (3) (a) no longer operates
within 30 seconds after the vacuum reserve is fully used up; and
(b) to the normal working level within 60 seconds after the vacuum
reserve is fully used up.
spring brake means a brake using 1 or more springs to store the
energy needed to operate the brake.
1.132 Performance of braking systems
(1) One sustained application of the brake of a light motor vehicle built
after 1930, or a light combination that includes a light motor vehicle
built after 1930, must be able to produce the performance mentioned
in subsections (2) to (7)—
(a) when the vehicle or combination is on a dry, smooth, level road
surface, free from loose material; and
(b) whether or not the vehicle or combination is loaded; and
(c) without part of the vehicle or combination moving outside a
straight path—
(i) centred on the longitudinal axis of the vehicle or
combination before the brake was applied; and
(ii) 3.7m wide.
Brake requirements for all vehicles Division 1.9.1
Section 1.132
(2) The braking system of a light motor vehicle or light combination with
a gross mass under 2.5t must bring the vehicle or combination from a
speed of 35km/h to a stop within—
(a) 12.5m when the service brake is applied; and
(b) 30m when the emergency brake is applied.
(3) The braking system of a light motor vehicle or light combination with
a gross mass of at least 2.5t must bring the vehicle or combination
from a speed of 35km/h to a stop within—
(a) 16.5m when the service brake is applied; and
(b) 40.5m when the emergency brake is applied.
(4) The braking system of a light motor vehicle or light combination with
a gross mass under 2.5t must decelerate the vehicle or combination,
from any speed at which the vehicle or combination can travel, by an
average of at least—
(a) 3.8m/s2 when the service brake is applied; and
(b) 1.6m/s2 when the emergency brake is applied.
(5) The braking system of a light motor vehicle or light combination with
a gross mass of at least 2.5t must decelerate the vehicle or
combination, from any speed at which the vehicle or combination can
travel, by an average of at least—
(a) 2.8m/s2 when the service brake is applied; and
(b) 1.1m/s2 when the emergency brake is applied.
(6) The braking system of a light motor vehicle or light combination with
a gross mass under 2.5t must achieve a peak deceleration of the
vehicle or combination, from any speed at which the vehicle or
combination can travel, of at least—
(a) 5.8m/s2 when the service brake is applied; and
(b) 1.9m/s2 when the emergency brake is applied.
Section 1.133
(7) The braking system of a light motor vehicle or light combination with
a gross mass of at least 2.5t must achieve a peak deceleration of the
vehicle or combination, from any speed at which the vehicle or
combination can travel, of at least—
(a) 4.4m/s2 when the service brake is applied; and
(b) 1.5m/s2 when the emergency brake is applied.
(8) The parking brake of a light vehicle or light combination must be able
to hold the vehicle or combination stationary on a 12% gradient––
(a) when the vehicle or combination is on a dry, smooth road surface,
free from loose material; and
(b) whether or not the vehicle or combination is loaded.
1.133 What braking system a light motor vehicle must have
independent brake, for a light vehicle, means a brake that is operated
entirely separately from any other brake on the vehicle, except for any
drum, disc or part, on which a shoe, band or friction pad makes
contact, that is common to 2 or more brakes.
(2) A light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels built, or used, mainly for
transporting goods or people by road must be fitted with—
(a) a braking system that—
(i) consists of brakes fitted to all wheels of the vehicle; and
(ii) has at least 2 separate methods of activation, arranged so
effective braking remains on at least 2 wheels if a method
fails; or
(b) 2 independent brakes, each of which, when in operation, acts
directly on at least half the number of wheels of the vehicle.
Motor vehicle braking systems Division 1.9.2
Section 1.133
(3) The braking system of a light motor vehicle mentioned in
subsection (2) that was built after 1945 must have a service brake
operating on all wheels that, when applied—
(a) acts directly on the wheels and not through the vehicle’s
transmission; or
(b) acts on a shaft between a differential of the vehicle and a wheel.
(4) The braking system of a light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels
must have a parking brake that—
(a) is held in the applied position by direct mechanical action
without the intervention of an electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic
device; and
(b) is fitted with a locking device that can hold the brake in the
applied position; and
(c) has its own separate control.
(5) The parking brake may also be the emergency brake.
(6) If 2 or more independent brakes are fitted to a light motor vehicle with
4 or more wheels, the brakes must be arranged so brakes are applied
to all the wheels on at least 1 axle of the vehicle when any brake is
operated.
(7) A motorbike or motortrike must be fitted with—
(a) 2 independent brakes; or
(b) a single brake that acts directly on all wheels of the vehicle and
is arranged so effective braking remains on at least 1 wheel if a
part of the system fails.
(8) Subsection (7) applies to a motorbike with a sidecar attached as if the
sidecar were not attached.
(9) A motortrike must have a parking brake that is held in the applied
position by mechanical means.
Section 1.134
1.134 Operation of brakes on light motor vehicles
The braking system on a light motor vehicle must be arranged to
allow the driver of the vehicle to apply the brakes from a normal
driving position.
1.135 Air or vacuum brakes on light motor vehicles
(1) If a light motor vehicle has air brakes, the braking system of the
vehicle must include at least 1 air storage tank.
(2) If a light motor vehicle has vacuum brakes, the braking system of the
vehicle must include at least 1 vacuum storage tank.
(3) An air or vacuum storage tank must be built so the service brake can
be applied to meet the performance standards of section 1.132 at least
twice if the engine of the vehicle stops or the source of air or vacuum
fails.
(4) An air or vacuum storage system must—
(a) be built to give a visible or audible warning to the driver, while
in a normal driving position, of a lack of air or vacuum that
would prevent the service brake from being applied to meet the
performance standards of section 1.132 at least twice; and
(b) be safeguarded by a check valve or other device against loss of
air or vacuum if the supply fails or leaks.
(5) However, subsection (4) (a) does not apply to a light vehicle that is
fitted with an air or vacuum assisted braking system.
Trailer braking systems Division 1.9.3
Section 1.136
(6) If air or vacuum brakes are fitted to a light motor vehicle equipped to
tow a light trailer, the brakes of the vehicle must be able to stop the
vehicle, at the performance standards for emergency brakes under
section 1.132 if the trailer breaks away.
1.136 What brakes a light trailer must have
(1) A light trailer with a GTM over 750kg must have brakes that operate
on at least 1 wheel at each end of 1 or more axles of the trailer.
(2) A semitrailer or converter dolly with a GTM over 2t that is a light
trailer must have brakes that operate on all its wheels.
1.137 Operation of brakes on light trailers
(1) The braking system of a light trailer with a GTM over 2t must allow
the driver of a light motor vehicle towing the trailer to operate the
brakes from a normal driving position.
(2) The brakes on a light trailer with a GTM over 2t must—
(a) operate automatically and quickly if the trailer breaks away from
the towing vehicle; and
(b) remain in operation for at least 15 minutes after a breakaway;
and
(c) be able to hold the trailer on a 12% grade while in operation after
a breakaway.
1.138 Air or vacuum brakes on light trailers
(1) If a light trailer has air brakes, its braking system must include at least
1 air storage tank.
(2) If a light trailer has vacuum brakes, its braking system must include
at least 1 vacuum storage tank.
Section 1.138
(3) An air or vacuum storage system must—
(a) be built to give a visible or audible warning to the driver of the
towing vehicle, while in a normal driving position, of a lack of
air or vacuum that would prevent the brakes from meeting the
performance standards of section 1.132; and
(b) be safeguarded by a check valve or other device against loss of
air or vacuum if the supply fails or leaks.
(4) Subsections (1), (2) and (3) do not apply to a light trailer with a GTM
of 2t or less.
Crankcase gases and exhaust emissions Division 1.10.1
Section 1.139
Note This part sets out requirements to ensure that light motor vehicles do not
emit too much smoke or noise and that exhaust gases cannot enter the
passenger compartment of a vehicle.
Division 1.10.1 Crankcase gases and exhaust
1.139 Crankcase gases––certain petrol-powered light vehicles
(1) This section applies to a light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels
that is powered by a petrol engine and was built after 1971.
(2) The vehicle must be built to prevent, or fitted with equipment that
prevents, crankcase gases from escaping to the atmosphere.
1.140 Visible exhaust emissions––light vehicles with internal
combustion engines
(1) This section applies to a light motor vehicle that is propelled by an
internal-combustion engine and was built after 1930.
(2) The vehicle must not emit excessive visible emissions for a
continuous period of at least 10 seconds.
(3) However, this section does not apply to emissions that are visible only
because of heat or the condensation of water vapour.
excessive, for visible emissions, means any concentration of smoke
more than a colouration that results in a just perceptible colouration
of the exhaust.
Division 1.10.1 Crankcase gases and exhaust emissions
Section 1.141
1.141 Exhaust emissions––diesel-powered vehicles
(1) This section applies to light vehicles––
(a) powered by diesel engines; and
(b) meeting the criteria for an M-category or N-category vehicle
under the ADRs.
(2) When a light vehicle is subjected to a DT80 test––
(a) the vehicle must not emit oxides of nitrogen (NOx) at a rate
(measured in grams of NOx emitted per kilometre travelled per
tonne of the vehicle’s test mass) greater than that specified for
the vehicle according to its GVM rating and age in table 1.141.1;
and
(b) the vehicle must not emit particles at a rate (measured in grams
of particles emitted per kilometre travelled per tonne of the
vehicle’s test mass) greater than that specified for the vehicle
according to its GVM rating and age in table 1.141.2; and
(c) the opacity of the exhaust gas emitted by the vehicle must not
be greater than 25% (averaged over the DT 80 test).
Table 1.141.1
item
vehicle’s GVM rating (t)
Rate of NOx emissions (g/km/t)
December 1995 or
earlier
January 1996 or
later
1 not greater than 3.5 1.5 1.5
2 more than 3.5 but not greater than 4.5 2.0 2.0
Crankcase gases and exhaust emissions Division 1.10.1
Section 1.141
Table 1.141.2
item
vehicle’s GVM rating (t)
Rate of particle emission (g/km/t)
December 1995 or
earlier
January 1996 or
later
1 not greater than 3.5 0.23 0.23
2 more than 3.5 but not greater than 4.5 0.23 0.15
(3) For subsection (2), a light vehicle is taken to have been manufactured
in—
(a) if the vehicle is on the RAV—the month stated in the vehicle’s
date of entry on the RAV; or
(b) if the vehicle is not on the RAV but has an identification plate
attached—the month stated on the vehicle’s identification plate.
(4) In this section––
DT80 test means a test carried out—
(a) in accordance with the procedure set out in part 1.14; and
(b) at a test facility that is recognised, or meets the requirements for
recognition, by the Australian Taxation Office for the purposes
of the fuel tax credit system under the Fuel Tax Act 2006
(Cwlth).
Note A test facility that is registered by the Commonwealth Department of
Infrastructure and Transport as a DT80 test facility will be recognised by
the Tax Office for the purposes of the fuel tax credit.
vehicle test mass for a light vehicle means––
(a) if the vehicle is a prime mover––half the sum of its tare mass
and its GCM; or
Section 1.142
(b) in any other case––half the sum of its tare mass and its GVM.
Note The vehicle test mass is the load applied to the dynamometer, while the
vehicle is under test, to simulate half-payload operation.
1.142 Exhaust systems
(1) The outlet of the exhaust system fitted to a light motor vehicle (other
than a bus) must extend—
(a) behind the back seat; and
(b) at least 40mm beyond the outermost joint of the floor pan that is
not continuously welded or permanently sealed; and
(c) to the edge of the vehicle, if—
(i) the body of the vehicle is permanently enclosed; and
(ii) the vehicle is not fitted with a vertical exhaust system; and
(d) no further than the edge of the vehicle at its widest point.
(2) The outlet must discharge the main exhaust flow to the air—
(a) if the vehicle is fitted with an exhaust system with a vertical
outlet pipe—
(i) at an angle above the horizontal; and
(ii) at least 150mm above the cab of the vehicle; and
(iii) rearwards or to the right of the vehicle; and
(b) in any other case—
(i) horizontally or at an angle of not over 45° downwards; and
(ii) under 750mm above ground level; and
(iii) rearwards or to the right of the vehicle.
Exhaust systems Division 1.10.2
Section 1.142
(3) The outlet of the exhaust system fitted to a bus that is a light vehicle
must discharge the main exhaust flow to the air—
(a) if the bus is fitted with an exhaust system with a vertical outlet
pipe—
(i) behind the passenger compartment; and
(ii) at an angle above the horizontal; and
(iii) upwards or rearwards; and
(b) in any other case—
(i) horizontally or at an angle of not over 45° downwards; and
(ii) rearwards or to the right of the vehicle.
Bus exhaust outlet pipe
Section 1.143
Subdivision 1.10.3.1 General
1.143 Measurement of stationary noise levels
(1) For this division, the stationary noise level of a motor vehicle is to be
measured in accordance with the procedure set out for the kind of
vehicle in the National Stationary Exhaust Noise Test Procedures for
In-Service Motor Vehicles––September 2006 (ISBN:1 921168 50 1)
published by the Commission.
Note The National Stationary Exhaust Noise Test Procedures for In-Service
Motor Vehicles––September 2006 does not need to be notified under the
Legislation Act because s 47 (5) does not apply (see Legislation Act, s 47
(7)). The procedure is accessible at www.ntc.gov.au.
Commission means the National Transport Commission established
by the National Transport Commission Act 2003 (Cwlth).
1.144 Meaning of certified to ADR 83/00—div 1.10.3
(1) For this division, a vehicle is certified to ADR 83/00 if—
(a) the vehicle is on the RAV, and its entry pathway included
compliance with ADR 83/00; or
(b) an approval to place identification plates showing compliance
with ADR 83/00 on vehicles of that type was given under the
Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 (Cwlth) (repealed),
section 10A.
entry pathway—see the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018 (Cwlth),
section 15 (2) (Entering vehicles on RAV).
Noise emissions Division 1.10.3
Section 1.145
1.145 Silencing device for exhaust systems
A light motor vehicle propelled by an internal-combustion engine
must be fitted with a silencing device through which all the exhaust
from the engine passes.
Subdivision 1.10.3.2 Noise levels applying to vehicles not
certified to ADR 83/00 or later ADR
1.146 Application—subdivision 1.10.3.2
This subdivision applies to a light motor vehicle that is not certified
to—
(a) ADR 83/00; or
(b) an ADR made after ADR 83/00 that relates to limits on external
noise produced by motor vehicles.
1.147 Stationary noise levels—car-type vehicles and
motorbikes and motortrikes
car-type vehicle means—
(a) a car; or
(b) a utility truck, panel van, or another motor vehicle derived from
a car design; or
(c) another motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that is built mainly
to carry not over 9 people including the driver.
(2) The stationary noise level of a car-type vehicle, or motorbike or
motortrike, must not exceed—
(a) for a car-type vehicle built after 1982—90dB(A); or
(b) for another car-type vehicle—96dB(A); or
Section 1.148
(c) for a motorbike or motortrike built after February 1985—
94dB(A); or
(d) for another motorbike or motortrike—100dB(A).
1.148 Stationary noise levels—other light vehicles with
spark-ignition engines
(1) This section applies to a light motor vehicle (other than a light motor
vehicle to which section 1.147 applies) with a spark-ignition engine.
(2) The stationary noise level of the motor vehicle must not exceed the
noise level applying to the vehicle under table 1.148.
Table 1.148
item
GVM (t)
exhaust height
(mm)
noise level (dB(A))
1 not greater
less than 1500 before July 1983 92
after June 1983 89
2 greater than
3.5 but not
greater than
4.5
less than 1500 before July 1983 98
after June 1983 95
3 not greater
greater than 1500 before July 1983 88
after June 1983 85
4 greater than
3.5 but not
greater than
4.5
1500 or greater
before July 1983 94
after June 1983 91
Noise emissions Division 1.10.3
Section 1.149
1.149 Stationary noise levels—other light vehicles with diesel
engines
(1) This section applies to a light motor vehicle (other than a light motor
vehicle to which section 1.147 applies) with a diesel engine.
(2) The stationary noise level of the motor vehicle must not exceed the
noise level applying to the vehicle under table 1.149.
Table 1.149
item
GVM
(t)
exhaust
height
(mm)
noise level
(dB(A))
1 not greater
less than
before July 1980 105
after June 1983 99
2 greater
less than
before July 1980 107
but
not greater
than 4.5
after June 1983 101
3 not greater
1500 or
greater
before July 1980 101
after June 1983 95
Section 1.150
item
GVM
(t)
exhaust
height
(mm)
noise level
(dB(A))
4 greater
1500 or
greater
before July 1980 103
but
not greater
than 4.5
after June 1983 97
Subdivision 1.10.3.3 Noise levels applying to light vehicles
certified to ADR 83/00
1.150 Stationary noise levels
The stationary noise level of a light motor vehicle that is certified to
ADR 83/00 must not exceed, by more than 5dB(A), the noise level
that is established for the motor vehicle when it is certified.
Section 1.151
Part 1.11 Alternative fuel systems and
unleaded petrol light motor
Note This part sets out requirements to ensure that LPG (Liquid Petroleum
Gas) and CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) fuel systems are safely
installed in light motor vehicles. In the case of vehicles with an LPG
system installed, there is an additional requirement to ensure that they can
be identified as LPG-powered vehicles. It also requires unleaded petrol
motor vehicles to be fuelled with unleaded petrol.
1.151 LPG-powered light vehicles
(1) An LPG system installed in a light motor vehicle, and the vehicle,
must comply with all relevant requirements set out in the version of
AS 1425 that was current at the time the system was installed in the
(2) A light motor vehicle that has an LPG system installed must have
fixed conspicuously to its front and rear numberplates the labels
required by the version of AS 1425 that was current at the time the
system was installed in the vehicle.
(3) If a light motor vehicle had an LPG system installed before AS 1425
was first published, the vehicle must have fixed conspicuously to its
front and rear numberplates a label—
(a) that is made of durable material; and
(b) that is at least 25mm wide and 25mm high; and
(c) that is of a reflective red that conforms with either AS 1743
(Road Signs) or AS 1906 (Retroreflective materials and devices
for road traffic control purposes (Part 1: Retroreflective
sheeting)); and
Part 1.11 Alternative fuel systems and unleaded petrol light motor vehicles
Section 1.152
(d) that states ‘LPGAS’ or ‘LPG’, or similar words or acronyms that
have the same meaning, in capital letters at least 6mm high.
Note AS 1425, AS 1743 and AS 1906 do not need to be notified under the
Legislation Act because s 47 (5) does not apply (see s 5A). The standards
may be purchased at www.standards.org.au.
1.152 Light vehicles powered by natural gas
A natural gas system installed in a light motor vehicle, and the
vehicle, must comply with all relevant requirements set out in the
version of AS 2739 that was current at the time the system was
installed in the vehicle.
Examples
Forms of natural gas include CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and LNG (Liquid
Natural Gas).
Note AS 2739 does not need to be notified under the Legislation Act because
s 47 (5) does not apply (see Legislation Act, s 47 (7)). The standard may
be purchased at www.standards.org.au.
1.152A Hydrogen-powered vehicles
(1) A hydrogen-powered vehicle built after 1 January 2019, or a vehicle
modified to be a hydrogen-powered vehicle after 1 January 2019,
must have fixed conspicuously to its front and rear numberplates—
(a) for a vehicle fitted with 1 hydrogen fuel container—a label that
complies with subsection (2); or
(b) for a vehicle fitted with 2 or more hydrogen fuel containers—
2 labels that comply with subsection (2).
Section 1.152A
(2) For subsection (1), a label complies if—
(a) the label is affixed to a metal plate that is at least 1mm thick;
and
(b) the label, and the plate to which the label is affixed, are a regular
pentagonal shape—
(i) each side of which is 20mm long; and
(ii) each interior angle of which is 108°; and
(c) the label has a yellow surface that complies with class 2 of
AS 1906.1 (Retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic
control purposes—Retroreflective sheeting); and
(d) the label is marked ‘H’ in a black capital letter that is at least
10mm high and has the orientation shown in the example; and
(e) the label it is fixed to a numberplate so that the letter on the label
is in an upright position; and
(f) the label does not wholly or partly obscure any characters on the
Example of label for hydrogen-powered vehicle
Part 1.11 Alternative fuel systems and unleaded petrol light motor vehicles
Section 1.152B
hydrogen-powered vehicle means a vehicle that—
(a) is powered by a hydrogen fuel system; and
(b) has 1 or more hydrogen fuel containers fitted to the vehicle for
the system.
Note AS 1906.1 does not need to be notified under the Legislation Act because
s 47 (5) does not apply (see s 5A). The standard may be purchased at
1.152B Electric-powered vehicles
(1) An electric-powered vehicle built after 1 January 2019, or a vehicle
modified to be an electric-powered vehicle after 1 January 2019, must
have fixed conspicuously to its front and rear numberplates a label
that complies with subsection (2).
(2) For subsection (1), a label complies if—
(a) the label is affixed to a metal plate that is at least 1mm thick;
and
(b) the label, and the plate to which the label is affixed, are an
equilateral triangular shape—
(i) each side of which is 30mm in length; and
(ii) each interior angle of which is 60°; and
(c) the label has a blue surface that complies with class 2 of
AS 1906.1 (Retroreflective materials and devices for road traffic
control purposes—Retroreflective sheeting); and
(d) the label is marked ‘EV’ in white capital letters that are at least
8mm high and have the orientation shown in the example; and
(e) the label is fixed to a numberplate so that the letters on the label
are in an upright position; and
Section 1.153
(f) the label does not wholly or partly obscure any characters on the
Example of label for electric-powered vehicle
(3) However, this section does not apply to a vehicle to which
section 1.152A applies even if the vehicle is fitted with an electric
motor or traction motor that is used in conjunction with a hydrogen
fuel system for the propulsion of the vehicle.
electric-powered vehicle means a vehicle that is powered by 1 or
more electric motors or traction motors that are—
(a) the only propulsion system for the vehicle; or
(b) used in conjunction with another propulsion system for the
Note AS 1906.1 does not need to be notified under the Legislation Act because
s 47 (5) does not apply (see s 5A). The standard may be purchased at
1.153 Unleaded petrol motor light vehicles
An unleaded petrol light motor vehicle does not comply with this
schedule if it is fuelled with leaded petrol in contravention of the
Environment Protection Act 1997.
Part 1.12 Mechanical connections between vehicles
Section 1.154
Part 1.12 Mechanical connections between
Note This part sets out various requirements to ensure that the couplings used
when operating light motor vehicles and light trailers in combinations are
strong enough to hold them together.
1.154 General coupling requirements
(1) A fifth wheel coupling, the mating parts of a coupling, a kingpin or a
tow bar must not be used for a load more than the manufacturer’s load
rating.
(2) A kingpin must be used only with a fifth wheel coupling that has a
corresponding jaw size.
An adaptor must not to be used to fit a kingpin to a fifth wheel coupling.
(3) The mating parts of a coupling used to connect a semitrailer to a
towing vehicle must not allow the semitrailer to roll to an extent that
makes the towing vehicle unstable.
1.155 Drawbar couplings
(1) A coupling for attaching a light trailer, other than a semitrailer or
pole-type trailer, to a towing vehicle must be built and fitted so—
(a) the coupling is equipped with a positive locking mechanism; and
(b) the positive locking mechanism can be released regardless of the
angle of the trailer to the towing vehicle.
(2) If the trailer is in a combination and is not fitted with breakaway
brakes in accordance with section 1.137 (2), it must be connected to
the towing vehicle by at least 1 chain, cable or other flexible device,
as well as the coupling required by subsection (1).
Mechanical connections between vehicles Part 1.12
Section 1.155
(3) The safety connection must be as short as practicable and be built and
fitted so—
(a) it is not apt to accidental disconnection but is readily detachable
from the towing vehicle; and
(b) it allows normal angular movements of the coupling without
unnecessary slack; and
(c) it will prevent the forward end of the drawbar from striking the
ground if the coupling is accidentally disconnected; and
(d) if it consists of more than 1 chain or wire rope—the chains or
wire ropes are in a crossed-over position.
(4) Any chain or wire rope in the safety connection must—
(a) if a chain—be of welded iron links; and
(b) if a wire rope—have a strength at least that of a chain of the
same diameter; and
(c) be of a size mentioned in table 1.155.
Table 1.155
item
aggregate trailer mass
minimum size of chain or wire rope
1 up to 1t 6.3mm diameter
2 over 1t but not over 1.6t 8mm diameter
3 over 1.6t but not over 2.5t 10mm diameter
4 over 2.5t 7.1mm diameter
(5) For a total trailer mass over 2.5t, at least 2 chains or wire ropes must
be used.
Part 1.12 Mechanical connections between vehicles
Section 1.155
aggregate trailer mass means the total mass of the laden trailer when
carrying the maximum load recommended by the manufacturer,
including, for a trailer forming part of a combination, any mass
imposed on the drawing vehicle when the combination is resting on a
horizontal supporting plane.
Other matters Part 1.13
Section 1.156
Part 1.13 Other matters
1.156 Light vehicle equipment
A light vehicle is taken to have equipment mentioned in this schedule
only if the equipment is in working order.
1.157 Restored light vehicles
(1) For this schedule, a restored light vehicle is taken to have been built
when it was originally built and not when it was restored.
restored light vehicle means a light vehicle that is being, or has been,
restored to its manufacturer’s specifications, so far as it is practicable
to meet the specifications.
1.158 Retractable axles
(1) For this schedule, a retractable axle is taken to be an axle only when
it is in the lowered position.
retractable axle means an axle in an axle group with a means of
adjustment enabling it to be raised or lowered in relation to the other
axles in the axle group.
1.159 Measurement of distance between parallel lines
For this schedule, a distance between 2 parallel lines is measured at
right angles between the lines.
Part 1.13 Other matters
Section 1.160
1.160 Interpretation of certain 2nd edition ADRs
The words ‘left’ and ‘right’ in the following 2nd edition ADRs have
the opposite meaning in the application of the ADRs, in accordance
with this schedule, to a light motor vehicle with a left-hand drive—
• ADR 8 Safety Glass
• ADR 12 Glare Reduction in Field of View
• ADR 14 Rear-vision Mirrors
• ADR 16 Windscreen-wipers and Washers
• ADRs 18 and 18A Location and Visibility of Instruments
• ADRs 35 and 35A Commercial Vehicle Braking Systems.
Note Table 1.160 contains a list of some terms used in the 3rd edition ADRs
and the corresponding term used in this schedule.
Table 1.160
item
3rd edition ADRs
this schedule
1 dipped-beam headlamp low-beam (for a headlight)
2 front fog lamp front fog light
3 rear fog lamp rear fog light
4 wheelguard mudguard
5 main-beam headlamp high-beam (for a headlight)
6 reversing lamp reversing light
7 direction indicator lamp direction indicator light
8 stop lamp brakelight
9 rear registration plate lamp numberplate light
10 front position (side) lamp parking light
11 rear position (side) lamp tail-light
12 end-outline marker lamp front or rear clearance light
13 external cabin lamp external cabin light
Other matters Part 1.13
Section 1.160
item
3rd edition ADRs
this schedule
14 internal lamp interior light
15 side marker lamp side marker light
16 daytime running lamp daytime running light
17 rear reflex reflector, non-triangular rear reflector
18 front reflex reflector, non-triangular front reflector
19 side reflex reflector, non-triangular side reflector
Part 1.14 DT80 transient test procedure for testing of diesel-fuelled vehicle exhaust
Part 1.14 DT80 transient test procedure for
testing of diesel-fuelled vehicle
exhaust emissions
DT80 test procedure
This procedure states the requirements for the testing of diesel-fuelled
vehicle exhaust emissions mentioned in section 1.141 (4), definition
of DT80 test.
Procedure
1 Secure the vehicle on the dynamometer.
2 Set the dynamometer to simulate the correct load and inertia for the
3 Start sampling.
4 Idle for 60 seconds.
5 Accelerate rapidly to 80km/h under simulated inertia using wide open
throttle, making gear changes as required for smooth acceleration.
6 Decelerate by removing all pressure from the accelerator pedal,
disengaging the gears and gently applying brakes to bring the vehicle
to a standstill.
7 Idle for 10 seconds.
8 Accelerate rapidly to 80km/h under simulated inertia, using wide
open throttle, making gear changes as required for smooth
acceleration.
9 Decelerate by removing all pressure from the accelerator pedal,
disengaging the gears and gently applying brakes to bring the vehicle
to a standstill.
10 Idle for 10 seconds.
Part 1.14
11 Accelerate rapidly to 80km/h under simulated inertia using wide open
throttle, making gear changes as required for smooth acceleration.
12 Maintain speed at 80km/h for 60 seconds, then stop sampling. Bring
the vehicle to rest.
Note Explanation of the test procedure
This test has been designed to evaluate vehicle emissions during typical
‘real-world’ operating modes and conditions. There are 3 simple modes:
• 3 idle periods
• acceleration to 80km/h 3 times
• maintain speed at 80km/h.
The graph below indicates the modes of operation. The actual test will
result in a graph that has more variation than the indicative graph below,
because of the need to change gears when accelerating. Modes B-D and
E-G and H-I have no specific time interval. All the specified time periods
have an error margin of ± 1 second.
The vehicle is accelerated rapidly to 80km/h 3 times by applying
wide-open throttle.
The driver selects the most appropriate gear change points for the vehicle
being tested to achieve the correct speed.
The vehicle test mass for road load and inertia settings must be equal to
the mass of the vehicle when operating with ½ its nominal payload (that
is, GVM + tare mass) 2).
The vehicle’s rolling resistance (based on tyre and bearing losses, frontal
area and drag coefficient) must also be calculated and continuously
factored into the dynamometer tractive effort calculations to ensure
correct loading.
Empirical algorithms, based on vehicle test mass, GVM or other known
parameters, may be used to automatically calculate realistic coefficients
for these variables.
Part 1.14 DT80 transient test procedure for testing of diesel-fuelled vehicle exhaust
A simplified indicative graph produced by a test follows.
DT80 Short Test
A B C D E F G H I J
km/h
Roller brake testing equipment Part 2.1.1
(see s 115)
Part 2.1.1 Roller brake testing equipment
This specification sets out the prescribed requirements for roller brake
testing machines used at approved premises. Testing machines
complying with this specification are acceptable for testing light
vehicles up to 4.5t tare mass.