What this instrument does (mechanics, in plain terms)
Sets out the rules for licensing, registering and operating motor vehicles and trailers in Western Australia, and the technical standards those vehicles must meet. (See Parts 2, 4, 10, 8.)
Prescribes classes of vehicle licences (small cars through heavy prime movers and combinations) and the conditions attached to those licences, including seasonal licences. (Regulations 31, 33–41, 38 Table.)
Fixes vehicle licence charges, concessions and exemptions and the way those charges are calculated (including regional, vehicle‑type and concession rules). (Regulations 52–67, 68–85; 54, 54A.)
Requires inspections, sets inspection and verification fees, and identifies who may issue certificates of inspection. (Regulations 18, 24, 86–97.)
Controls number plates, personalised/special/reserved plates, trade plates, their issue, replacement, transfer, return and fees. (Part 4: regs 111–140, 125–131.)
Creates and governs the Written‑Off Vehicle Register (WOVR): when vehicles are ‘written off’, notification, warnings, marking and registration, and when entries can be cancelled. (Part 7: regs 146–158B.)
Prescribes mass, dimension and loading requirements for light and heavy vehicles, including detailed axle/spacing tables, maximum combinations, towing limits and access/permit regimes for oversize or over‑mass movements. (Part 8: regs 159–211 and many subparts; see regs 164–166, 169–186, 190–201.)
States the vehicle design and safety standards to be met (including application of Australian Design Rules and adopted standards), maintenance and equipment rules (lights, brakes, tyres, emissions, exhausts, immobilisers). (Part 10: regs 226–389 and extensive sub‑divisions.)
Passengers on omnibus with minimum 1.5 m interior height 275
Passengers on omnibus with less than 1.5 m interior height 276
Display of number of passengers permitted on omnibuses 276
Omnibus standing positions and equipment 276
Omnibus destination signs 277
School bus exterior colours and signs 278
First aid kit on non‑metropolitan omnibus 278
Fitting of illuminated signs to certain vehicles 278
Required immobilisers for certain motor vehicles 279
Compliance plates 281
Part 11
Standards and requirements for animal drawn vehicles and bicycles
Part 11 — Standards and requirements for animal drawn vehicles and bicycles
Div 1
Animal drawn vehicles
Division 1 — Animal drawn vehicles
Terms used 282
Light visibility 282
Compliance with standards and requirements 282
Front and rear lights 282
Rear reflectors 283
Front clearance lamps 284
Rear clearance lamps or reflectors 284
Requirements in regard to reflectors 285
Light on projecting load 285
Dimension requirements for animal drawn vehicles and their loads 286
Brakes 286
Division 2 — Bicycles
Compliance with standards and requirements 287
Brakes 287
Bell 287
Handlebar 287
Rake and angle of front forks 288
Dimension requirements for bicycles and their loads 288
Child‑carrying seats 288
Part 12
Tow trucks and towed vehicles
Part 12 — Tow trucks and towed vehicles
Division 1 — Standards and requirements in respect of tow trucks
407A. Terms used 289
Compliance with standards and requirements 289
General equipment 289
Lights, warning devices and signs 291
Classification and limitation 291
Lifting requirements 293
Brakes of towed vehicle 294
Division 2 — Authorisation to tow articulated vehicle
Towing articulated vehicles 295
Extent of authorisation 297
Part 13
Towed agricultural implements
Part 13 — Towed agricultural implements
Terms used 298
Compliance with standards and requirements 298
Gate to gate towing 299
Division 2 — Standards and requirements in respect of towing and towed agricultural implements
Lighting equipment generally 300
Positioning of lights and reflectors 300
Stop lights 301
Reflectors 302
Rear lights 302
Signalling lights 303
Clearance lights 303
Flashing amber light 304
Safety of components and attachments 304
Safety chains 305
Portable warning signs 306
Towed mass ratios 306
Lighting for night towing 306
Brakes 307
Headlights 307
Mirrors 307
Warning flags 307
Certain vehicles may be equipped with flashing amber light 308
Warning signs for oversize agricultural combinations 308
Communication devices 310
Vehicles other than agricultural implements 310
Division 3 — Other obligations in relation to towing and towed agricultural implements
Speed restrictions 311
Movements of agricultural combinations in metropolitan region, during peak hours, on freeways 311
Parking of agricultural combinations on a carriageway 311
Convoys 312
Limit on number of towed vehicles 312
Permission for movement of excessively high agricultural combinations 313
Permits for movement of excessively wide or long agricultural combinations 313
Permits in relation to movements of agricultural combinations 314
Part 13A
Pilot vehicles
Part 13A — Pilot vehicles
454A. Terms used 316
454B. Pilot vehicle must be driven by holder of heavy vehicle pilot licence or authorised person 316
Division 2 — Licensing of pilots
Subdivision 1 — General matters
454C. Applying for a heavy vehicle pilot licence 317
454D. Medical evidence 318
454E. Competency evidence 319
454F. Powers for dealing with applications for heavy vehicle pilot licence 320
454G. Deciding applications for heavy vehicle pilot licence 321
454H. Conditions of heavy vehicle pilot licence 322
454I. Duration of heavy vehicle pilot licence 323
454J. Form of heavy vehicle pilot licence 323
454K. Heavy vehicle pilot licence not transferable 323
454L. Heavy vehicle pilot licence may be surrendered 323
454M. Lost heavy vehicle pilot licence may be replaced 323
454N. Amending heavy vehicle pilot licence 324
454O. Renewing heavy vehicle pilot licence 325
Subdivision 2 — Suspending and cancelling heavy vehicle pilot licence
454P. Grounds for suspending or cancelling 326
454Q. Procedure for suspending or cancelling heavy vehicle pilot licence 327
454R. Suspension in urgent circumstances 328
454S. Heavy vehicle pilot licence to be returned if cancelled or suspended 328
454T. Suspension may be lifted 329
Subdivision 3 — Duties of heavy vehicle pilot licence holder
454U. Duty to correct wrong information 329
454V. Duty to notify Commissioner of Main Roads if no longer authorised to drive 330
454W. Duty to notify Commissioner of Main Roads of medical impairment 330
454X. Licence to be carried and produced on request 331
454Y. Facilitating movement of oversize or over‑mass vehicle in accordance with order or permit 331
454Z. Contravening condition of heavy vehicle pilot licence 332
Subdivision 4 — Miscellaneous matters
454ZA. Register of heavy vehicle pilot licences 332
454ZB. Notification and reconsideration of decisions under this Part 333
454ZC. Transitional arrangements for accredited pilots 333
Part 14
Minister’s declarations and CEO’s exemptions
Part 14 — Minister’s declarations and CEO’s exemptions
Terms used 335
Division 2 — Minister’s declarations
Instigating action as to Ministerial declarations 335
Minister’s declarations that specified regulations do not apply to specified persons or vehicles (s. 138) 336
Variation of a declaration 336
Revocation of declaration 337
Division 3 — CEO’s exemptions from regulations about standards or other requirements in respect of vehicles
Term used: vehicle standard regulation 337
Instigating action as to CEO exemptions 337
CEO’s exemptions from specified provisions of vehicle standard regulations 338
Variation of a CEO exemption 340
Cancellation of CEO exemptions 340
Variation or cancellation of CEO exemption in urgent circumstances 341
Variation or cancellation of CEO exemption other than in urgent circumstances 341
Division 4 — General provisions about Ministerial declarations and CEO exemptions
Applications 342
Fees for applications 342
Conditions on declarations, CEO exemptions 343
Notification of Minister’s decisions 343
Notification and reconsideration of CEO exemption decisions 344
When decisions take effect 344
Duration of declaration, CEO exemption 345
Effect of declaration, CEO exemption 345
Evidence of declarations, CEO exemption 345
Driver to produce declaration, CEO exemption document to police officers 345
Return of documents 346
Part 15
Notification and reconsideration of reviewable decisions
Part 15 — Notification and reconsideration of reviewable decisions
Division 1 — Reviewable decisions other than improvement notice reviewable decisions
Terms used 347
Notification of reviewable decisions 349
Reconsideration of reviewable decisions 350
Division 2 — Improvement notices and notices of amendments to improvement notices
Terms used 351
Content of improvement notices, notices of amendment of improvement notices 352
Reconsideration of improvement notice reviewable decisions 353
Part 16
Transitional provisions relating to *Road Traffic (Vehicles) Regulations 2014*
Part 16 — Transitional provisions relating to Road Traffic (Vehicles) Regulations 2014
Term used: commencement day 354
Application for permits for unlicensed vehicles 354
Permit documents 354
Authorisations to carry goods other than stock 354
Number plate non‑reflective film, cover 354
Written‑off vehicles 355
RAV notices or RAV permits to have effect as orders or permits by which mass or dimension requirements modified 355
Class 2 notices or permits to have effect as orders or permits by which access approvals given 356
Accreditation 356
Emergency vehicles, transport enforcement vehicles 357
Tow truck crane certificates 357
Gate to gate towing 357
Approval to use oversize agricultural combinations on metropolitan roads 357
Permissions to move excessively high agricultural combinations 358
Permits to move excessively wide or long agricultural combinations 358
Permits to move agricultural combinations 358
Agricultural implement exemptions 358
SAT reviews of certain vehicle licensing decisions 359
Ministerial exemptions 360
Departmental exemptions 360
Magistrates Court reviews of reconsidered decisions about departmental exemptions 361
Certain vehicle standards approvals 362
More sections below
Source text: opening excerpt
Sourced from the Western Australian Legislation website (legislation.wa.gov.au). Not the authorised version.
Western Australia
Road Traffic (Vehicles) Act 2012
Road Traffic (Vehicles) Regulations 2014
Western Australia
Road Traffic (Vehicles) Regulations 2014
Contents
Part 1 — Preliminary
Citation 1
Commencement 1
Terms used 1
Use or driving of a vehicle relates to roads 15
Measuring distances between parallel lines 15
Required equipment to be in working order 15
Restored vehicles 16
Diagrams 16
Standards and requirements that do not apply to certain written‑off vehicles 16
Freight containers 17
Subsequent offences 17
Part 2 — Licensing of vehicles
Division 1 — Preliminary
Terms used 18
Counting axles 18
Notification and reconsideration of vehicle licensing decisions 18
Division 2 — Vehicle licences
Vehicles required to be licensed 19
Period within renewal period and after the expiry of vehicle licence in which offence under s. 4(2) not committed 19
Prescribed standards and requirements 19
Who can issue certificates of inspection 20
Certain vehicle examiners to display authorisation at inspection stations 20
Place of vehicle examination 20
Division 3 — Grant, renewal, transfer and variation of vehicle licences
Minimum age for application for grant, transfer of vehicle licence 21
Proof of age and identity of applicant for grant, transfer of vehicle licence 21
Proof of ownership 21
Examination for licensing purposes 21
Weighbridge record 22
Engine and vehicle identification numbers 22
Regulates specialised areas: tow trucks (Part 12), pilot vehicles and heavy vehicle pilot licences (Part 13A: regs 454A–454ZC), towed agricultural implements (Part 13), and accreditation for heavy vehicle operators (Part 8 Division 7).
Sets procedures for permits, orders and exemptions (Ministerial and CEO), the form and fees for applications, conditions that can be imposed and how decisions may be varied or cancelled. (Part 14: regs 456–477; reg 462.)
Provides internal review, notification and reconsideration pathways for many administrative decisions and for improvement notices; and transitional arrangements for earlier rules or amendments. (Part 15 and Parts 16–17.)
Who is affected
Vehicle owners and operators: private cars, motorcycles, commercial light vehicles, heavy vehicle operators, bus operators and drivers (licensing, inspection, plate rules, fees, penalties). (Parts 2, 4, 8, 10.)
Commercial transport industry: prime movers, semitrailers, B‑doubles, road trains — subject to detailed mass/axle/spacing/braking rules, accreditation and access permit regimes. (Regs 38, 164–166, 212–221, 202–211.)
Vehicle dealers, repairers and manufacturers: trade plates, dealer inspection and licensing pathways, fees, and modification/approval regimes. (Regs 132–139, 98, 235.)
Specialist operators: tow trucks (Part 12), pilot vehicle drivers (Part 13A), agricultural operators towing implements (Part 13), and operators seeking mass/dimension permits or CEO/Minister exemptions.
Insurers, wreckers and assessors who must notify write‑offs and comply with WOVR obligations. (Part 7.)
Consumers buying used vehicles: entries on the WOVR and identifiers affect whether vehicles can be licensed for road use and how buyers can verify a vehicle’s history. (Regs 152–158.)
Why it matters (stated purposes and practical effects to watch for)
Official purpose‑claims: the regulations implement the safety, identity, sizing, loading and licensing framework in the Road Traffic (Vehicles) Act 2012; establish fees, inspection standards, and administrative processes; and provide for exemptions and transitional arrangements where appropriate (see regs 226, 462, 456). These mechanisms are intended to keep vehicles safe, identifiable and fit for the roads while allowing regulated exceptions where necessary.
Practical trade‑offs and implementation considerations to test against the purpose‑claims:
Compliance costs and cash flow for vehicle owners and small operators: annual/quarterly/monthly licence charge choices, recording fees and regional inspection fees (regs 31, 54, 99, 87–95) create both recurring costs and administrative burden. Monthly renewal by direct debit is permitted in narrow circumstances (reg 31A), which shifts payment timing but adds administrative requirements.
Upfront technical compliance: heavy vehicle axle, spacing and braking tables and ADR/adopted standard cross‑references are highly technical (regs 164–166, 236–241). Meeting these standards imposes capital and maintenance costs on operators but is intended to reduce safety risks and road damage.
Permit and accreditation regime concentrates discretion with government agencies: Commissioner of Main Roads and the CEO can grant, vary or cancel permits, exemptions and accreditations (regs 193–201, 462–466, 212–221). That central discretion speeds case‑by‑case decision‑making but creates administrative dependence and potential variability in outcomes.
Concentrated benefits vs diffuse costs: high‑value special/reserved plates and transfer fees (regs 125–131, 130) create concentrated revenue for authorities and monetary value for plate holders; costs (inspection, compliance) are spread across many vehicle owners.
Market effects: trade plates and dealer licensing facilitate vehicle marketing and movement (regs 132–139), while the WOVR (regs 156–158) increases buyer information and therefore can change resale values and disclosure incentives; written‑off designations can lock vehicles out of licensing and impose transaction costs on sellers/buyers.
New technology adaptations: the regulations add labelling requirements for hydrogen and electric vehicles (regs 362B, 362C) and incorporate RAV/ Commonwealth pathways (regs 240A, 236–238). This formalises a compliance pathway for newer propulsion systems but requires operators/dealers to adopt new labelling and documentation.
Enforcement and penalties are significant in some areas (ID‑prevention, plate obscuring, mass/dimension breaches, pilot licence offences) and can deter non‑compliance; at the same time, administrative remedies (reconsideration and SAT review routes) are provided (Parts 14–15).
Who pays, who decides, and what behaviour changes
Who pays: vehicle owners and operators pay licence charges, recording and inspection fees, plate fees, permit fees and application fees (regs 53, 99, 87–95, 112, 197, 468). Concessions and exemptions are available for some classes (farm, pensioners, classic vehicles, etc.) (regs 68–85).
Who decides: CEO (vehicle licensing, plates, some exemptions), Commissioner of Main Roads (permits, access approvals, accreditation), Minister (broader declarations exempting classes or regulations), police (inspection, plate seizure, some authorisations). (Parts 2, 8, 14; regs 456, 462, 188, 471.)
Behaviour changes the rules induce:
Operators will design vehicles and payloads to fit listed mass/spacing/axle rules or seek permits where infeasible (Part 8).
Businesses may choose licence period lengths and payment methods (reg 31, 31A) depending on cash flow trade‑offs and fee reductions (reg 54A).
Dealers and repairers will use trade plates within prescribed limits rather than permanent licensing for stock movements (regs 132–139).
Sellers will be incentivised to disclose WOVR entries; purchasers will check the WOVR before purchase (Part 7).
Implementation risks and administrative costs
Complexity and technical detail (axle tables, ADR cross‑references) raise compliance costs and increase the need for professional advice or accredited services (regs 164–166, 236–241).
Discretionary exemptions and permit pathways shift risk onto applicants (need to document and justify exemptions) and create scope for inconsistent treatment unless the agencies publish guidance (regs 462–466, 456–459).
Multiple, regionally varying inspection fees and schedules mean operators face different outlays depending on location (regs 87–95). If not well communicated, this can reduce compliance or cause operational inefficiency.