The following actions may hamper the species viability and recovery. This taxon is dependent on active conservation management.
Failure to resource any of the ongoing management activities for Green Parrots
Removal of nesting sites or potential nesting sites
Removal of feeding habitat
Introduction of new avian pathogens
Introduction of new invasive weeds
Introduction of new predators or nest competitors
Tools to Assist Implementation
Costs
Action
Likely expenses
Cost estimate
Responsibility
Timeframe
Conduct annual population count
NINP staff time and operating
$4,500 pa
NINP
Ongoing
Monitor breeding population
Regular monitoring during breeding season
$7,000 pa
NINP
Ongoing
Establish and maintain sufficient nest sites to support at least 25 breeding pairs.
Maintain existing nest sites. Construct and maintain new sites.
$20,000 pa
NINP
Ongoing
Establish a wild population on Phillip Island
Construct and maintain nest sites on Phillip IslandIntroduce birds. Monitor success.
$16,000 first year$10,000 second year
NINP
2003
Investigate possibility of introduction of Green Parrots to Lord Howe Island
Negotiation with appropriate bodies
None initially
NINP
Dependent on outcome of proposed land rehabilitation program for Lord Howe.
Investigate establishment of a captive population on the Australian mainland
Construction of aviaries on mainland. Removal and transport of birds to mainland. Maintenance of birds in captive facility.
None initially
Recovery Team
Ongoing
Restore 4 ha of nesting habitat each year
Identification of sites, rearing of seedlings, planting, weed control etc.
$250,000 pa
NINP
Ongoing
Predator proof all potential nest sites
Maintain predator-proofing of all nests
Part Tools to Assist Implementation - Recovery Plan for the Norfolk Island Green Parrot Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii - Tools to Assist Implementation | Zoe
Costed in nest maintenance action
NINP
Ongoing
Maintain predator and introduced competitor control program
Maintain rat and cat control programs
$65,000 pa
NINP
Ongoing
Re-design the Green Parrot brochure.
Update to conform with Environment Australia style guide
$4,700
2002
Provide regular updates in the NINP weekly newspaper column.
$1,000 pa
NINP
Ongoing
Maintain the Green Parrot display aviary.
$5000
NINP
Ongoing
Involve community in annual population monitoring
Press articles covered
NINP
Ongoing
Supervise the project
Recovery team meetings
$2500
NINP
Ongoing
Report on progress against objectives and performance criteria
Regular meetings of recovery team
$2500
NINP
Ongoing
Summary table of costs
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
NINP
$362,200
$378,200
$372,200
$362,200
$362,200
Landholder incentives
Opportunities exist for the Natural Heritage Trust to be used to protect remnant vegetation on private land. Management agreements between NINP and landholders, where NINP provides funding for fencing, have been put in place to protect and enhance native vegetation. This program is ongoing.
Community Participation
Regular press articles in Norfolk Island newspapers and other suitable media.
Encourage public to report sightings. Develop a formal volunteer survey of Green Parrot to monitor populations outside of the NINP. See Action: “Involve community in annual population monitoring”
Run field days providing information for revegetation requirements and remnant protection.
Checklist of Legislative Requirements
Requirement
Addressed in plan at
(a) Objectives to be achieved
9
(b) Criteria for measuring achievement of the objectives
9
(c) Actions needed to meet the objectives
10-14
(d) Threats to the species
5-8
(e) Habitat critical for survival
8
(f) Estimated duration and cost of the recovery process
17
(g) Interests affected by the plan’s implementation and organisations or persons that will be involved in evaluating the plan’s performance
15-16
(h) Major benefits to other native species or communities
2-3
(i) Provide a short description and a 1:100,000 scale map of: the location of the species: areas of critical habitat for survival: areas that should be reserved from development action
Figure 1
(j) Identify actions required to reduce threatening processes
10-14
(k) Provide guidance on environmental impact assessment matters, including a description of any actions that would be likely to have a significant impact on the listed species
16
(l) Describe proposed incentive for encouraging participation and cooperation by private landholders
17
(m) Identify mechanisms for encouraging community participation in the recovery process.
15,17
Interests that will be affected by the plan’s implementation or adoption
Commonwealth – Parks Australia;
Norfolk Island Government;
Private landholders to a limited extent.
Consultation with, and advice considered from relevant State and Territory Governments and the general public
This plan is the culmination of several redrafts of a plan first written by Brett Lane & Associates and subsequent extensive development by the staff of Norfolk Island National Park. This version was completed by Birds Australia in consultation with Parks Australia, Australian Government Conservator, and staff of Norfolk Island National Park, NI Conservator of Public Reserves, Environment Australia, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service and Taronga Zoo.
The recovery plan has been before the Norfolk Island National Park Advisory Committee (NINPAC) on a number of occasions from early drafting. The NINPAC is representative of the Norfolk Island community and Norfolk Island government is represented by the Norfolk Island Conservator of Public Reserves. The recovery actions are in the main focussed on the National Park, so no landholders are affected.
This project produces no significant adverse social or economic impacts
that the recovery team is aware of.
Monitoring, reporting and review
Progress will be monitored and evaluated yearly by members of the recovery team through an annual review. The monitoring process will include:
Compiling information from flock composition counts, annual count data, maintaining a number of protected nests not less than the minimum required for recovery, and assessing progress against the criteria and objectives of the recovery plan (data comparisons performed by participating biologists).
References
Anderson, J.G. (1997). Consultancy to establish a Weed Control Strategy for the Preservation and Protection of the Endangered Plants of Norfolk Island. Unpublished report to Australian Parks and Wildlife Service, Norfolk Island.
Anon. (2000). Plan of Management. Norfolk Island National Park and Norfolk Island Botanic Garden. Australian Parks and Wildlife Service, Commonwealth, Australia.
Belcher, R.O. and Green, P.S. (1994). Asteraceae. In: Orchard, A.E. (Ed.). Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. pp 362-403. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.
Bell, B. (1990). The status and management of the White-breasted White-eye and other birds of Norfolk Island. Unpublished consultants report by Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union for Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Boon, W.M., C.H. Daugherty and G.K. Chambers. 2001. The Norfolk Island Green Parrot and New Caledonian Red-crowned Parakeet are distinct species. Emu 101, 113-122.
Crouchley, D. (1988). Green Parrot. D. Crouchley Consultancy Report 1987/88. Internal consultants report to Australian Parks and Wildlife Service, Commonwealth, Australia.
Davidson, P.M. (1997). Movements and Behaviour of Juvenile Green Parrots Determined by Radio-tracking. Unpublished Report to Environment Australia. Peter M. Davidson Pty Ltd
Forshaw, J. (1981) Australian Parrots. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne
Garnett, S.T. & G.M. Crowley. (2000). The Action Plan for Australian Birds. Environment Australia, Canberra.
Gilmour, P.M. and Helman, C.E. (1989). The Vegetation of Park. Unpublished report to the Australian Parks and Wildlife Service.
Green, P.J. (1994). Introduction. Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island. In: Orchard, A.E. (Ed.). Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. pp 1-24. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.
Greene, T.C. (1990). Breeding Biology of New Zealand Parakeets on Little Barrier Island. Unpubl. Rep. To New Zealand Department of Conservation, Invercargill, NZ.
Greenwood, D. (1993). Green Parrot Recovery Program. Executive Summary. Unpublished report, Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Greenwood, D., Crouchley, D. and Hicks, J. (1989). Census of Green Parrot – March 1989. Consultancy to Director ANPWS. Unpublished Australian Parks and Wildlife Service Report.
Haseler, W.H., Diatloff, G. and Wells, C.H. (1984). Report on Survey of Weed Species in Mount Pitt Reserve, Norfolk Island, and Recommendations for Weed Control. Unpublished consultancy report.
Hay, R. 1986. Bird Conservation in the Pacific Island. ICBP Study Rep. 7. Cambridge, England.
Hermes, N., Evans, O. and Evans, B. (1986). Norfolk Island Birds: A Review 1985. Notornis 33 (3): 141-149.
Hicks, J. and Greenwood, D. (1989). Birdlife International, 1(4), 34-47
Hicks, J. and Preece, M. (1991). Green Parrot. 1991 Recovery Plan. Unpublished Report. Australian Parks and Wildlife Service.
Hutton, I. 1991. Birds of Lord Howe Island, Past and Present. The Author, Coffs Harbour.
Innes, J. (1995). Evaluation of the Norfolk Island rat control program. Landcare Research Contract Report LC9495/128. Prepared for the Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Lane, B.A., Bezuijen, M.R., Greenwood, D., Carr, G.W., and Ward, R. (1998). 1998 Recovery plan for the Norfolk Island Green Parrot (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii) Ecology Australia, Victoria.
Mace, G.M. and Lande, R. (1991). Assessing extinction threats: towards a re-evaluation of IUCN threatened species categories. Conservation Biology 5: 148-157.
McNamara, K. J. 1989. Summary report of CONCOM Technical Workshop on island management. In Australian and New Zealand Islands: Nature Conservation Values and Management. Ed by A. Burbidge, Proc. of a workshop on Barrow island, Western Australia, 1985. Dept. Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Motte, K. and Hall, E. (1988). Report and recommendations on the Green Parrot Cyanoramphus novaezealandiae cookii captive breeding program. Report to Australian Parks and Wildlife Service by Taronga Zoo, Sydney, New South Wales.
Paul, E. (1994). Green Parrot Population Viability Analysis. Unpublished report to Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Robinson, D. (1988). Ecology and Management of the Scarlet Robin, White-breasted White-eye and Long-billed White-eye of Norfolk Island. Consultants report to Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Rooke, I. (1986). Survey of the White-breasted White-eye and the Norfolk Island Boobook Owl on Norfolk Island, October – November 1985. RAOU Report No. 20.
Schodde, R., Fullager, P. and Hermes, N. (1983). A Review of Norfolk Island Birds: Past and Present. Special Publication 8. Australian Parks and Wildlife Service.
Smithers, C.N. and Disney, H.J. (1969). The distribution of terrestrial and freshwater birds on Norfolk Island. Aust. Zool. 15: 127-140.
Stevenson, P. (1996). Minutes describing proposed research and surveys program for Norfolk Island 1996-97. Environment Australia, ACT.
Stevenson, P. and Greenwood, D. (1994). Green Parrot. Report on Recovery Plan Progress 1992 – 1994. Unpublished report, Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Stevenson, P., Greenwood, D. and Yorkston, H. (1995). Recovery Plan for the Green Parrot Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii. Draft Report 1994-95. Unpublished report, Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Stevenson, P., Yorkston, P. and Greenwood, D. (1995). Draft Interim Plan. Green Parrot Recovery Program 1995-96. Norfolk Island Conservancy, Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Varman, Dr. V.J.P website
West, R. (1994). Final Report on Green Parrot avicultural assistance, 11th May to 22nd June 1994. Unpublished consultants report to the Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Yorkston, H. (1995). Green Parrot. Progress report on Recovery Plan to Parks Advisory Committee. Unpublished report, Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
Ziesing, P. (1997). Norfolk Island Weed Control Manual. Environment Australia. Norfolk Island.