NATIONAL PARK
NATIONAL PARK
NATIONAL PARK
MANAGEMENT PLAN
consisting of
a Description of the Park and a Management Plan
Director of National Parks
2004
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Commonwealth legislation
This Act has been repealed and is no longer in force. It is retained for historical reference.
The 2004 Management Plan sets a ten‑year EPBC Act framework to keep North Keeling Island largely pristine while allowing tightly regulated tourism and research. It secures the world‑significant red‑footed booby colony, the endemic Cocos buff‑banded rail, surrounding marine habitats, and strict biosecurity, and it governs visitor access, fishing limits, and licensed tour operations.
The plan affects the Cocos‑Malay community, tour operators, scientists and conservation managers, balancing species protection with sustainable local economic benefit.
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Direct links to the current provisions in Pulu Keeling National Park Management Plan.
MANAGEMENT PLAN
consisting of
a Description of the Park and a Management Plan
Director of National Parks
2004
Acknowledgments
The Director of National Parks is grateful to the members of the Pulu Keeling National Park Community Management Committee and the many organisations and individuals who provided information and assistance during preparation of this Management Plan.
Members of the Pulu Keeling National Park
Community Management Committee
As at 1 January 2003
Pirus Capstan (Nek Fatima)
Blacket Sloan (Nek Arizah)
Alpisal Rawlinson (Nek Nazrul)
Mohammed Said Chongkin (Pak Zaid)
Haji Radal Feyrel (Pak Aini)
Rosly Arkrie (Pak Rosie)
Dieter Gerhard
Adrian Granger
Lynda Steele
The Director of National Parks or his nominee
Parks Australia staff who assisted in the preparation of this Management Plan
Wendy Murray Government Conservator Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Ismail Macrae Project Officer Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Robert Thorn Senior Ranger Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Nor-Dianna Hajat Trainee Ranger Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Peter Coyne Director Performance and Planning Canberra
David Phillips Assistant Director Performance and Planning Canberra
Paul Minogue Counsel – Parks Australia Canberra
Deirdre Allen Projects and Contracts Manager Darwin
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Foreword</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">iii</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Acknowledgements</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">iv</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">TABLE OF CONTENTS</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">v</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">A DESCRIPTION OF PULU KEELING NATIONAL PARK</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Pulu Keeling National Park Region</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">History</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Cocos (Keeling) Islands</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>North Keeling Island</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Pulu Keeling National Park</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Physical Geography</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Geology</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Geomorphology and Topography</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Soils</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Hydrology</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Climate</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Cyclones</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Terrestrial Environment</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Flora</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Fauna</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>10</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Marine Environment</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">12</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Social and Economic Values</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">14</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Pressures on Pulu Keeling National Park</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">15</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Pest Species</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>15</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Habitat Loss</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>15</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Visitor Use</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>15</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Other Major Threats</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>16</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Figure 1. Location of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>17</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Figure 2. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>18</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Figure 3. Pulu Keeling National Park and Zoning Plan</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>19</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Figure 4. Vegetation and Cross-section of the Island</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>20</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Table 1.</span><span> </span><span>Cyclones passing over or close to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands since 1960</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>21</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Table 2.</span><span> </span><span>Flora of Pulu Keeling National Park</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>22</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Table 3.</span><span> </span><span>Fish of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>23</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Table 4.</span><span> </span><span>Bird Observations of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>25</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="width:439.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">THE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR PULU KEELING NATIONAL PARK</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">33</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="width:439.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">PART 1 INTRODUCTION</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">34</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">1.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Introductory Background</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">34</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>1.1</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Proclamation of the Park</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>34</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>1.2</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Conservation Significance of the Park</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>34</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>1.3</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Previous Plans of Management</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>35</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>1.4</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Structure of this Management Plan</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>35</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">2.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Introductory Provisions</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">37</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.1</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Short Title</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>37</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.2</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Commencement and Termination</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>37</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.3</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Interpretation (including Acronyms)</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>37</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.4</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Legislative Context</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>38</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.5</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Purpose and Content of a Management Plan</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>41</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.6</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>IUCN Category and Listing</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>42</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.7</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>International Agreements</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>42</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.8</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Lease Agreement</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>43</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="width:34.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>2.9</span></p></td><td style="width:394.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Other Relevant Legislation</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>43</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="width:439.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="width:439.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">PART 2</span><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span><span style="font-weight:bold">HOW THE PARK WILL BE MANAGED</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">45</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="width:439.55pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">3.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Zoning and IUCN Category</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">46</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">4.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Natural Heritage Management</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">47</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>4.1</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Terrestrial Flora</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>47</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>4.2</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Terrestrial Fauna</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>48</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>4.3</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Marine Flora and Fauna</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>51</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:right"><span>4.4</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Research and Monitoring</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>54</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">5.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Cultural Heritage Management</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">58</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">6.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Visitor Management and Park Use</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">60</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>6.1</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Public Access and Use</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>60</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>6.2</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Commercial Tourism and Other Commercial Activities</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>63</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>6.3</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Communicating Park Values</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>65</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">7.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Stakeholders and Partnerships</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">66</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">8.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Business Management</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">68</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>8.1</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Operational Management</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>68</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>8.2</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Resource Use in Park Operations</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>69</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>8.3</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Capital Works and Infrastructure</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>70</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>8.4</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Compliance and Enforcement</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>71</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>8.5</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Environmental Assessment and Approval</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>72</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>8.6</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Financial Management</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>73</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:9pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">9.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="width:419.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Performance Assessment</span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">74</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:25.3pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:403.45pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:25.75pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:0pt"><td style="width:19.8pt"></td><td style="width:16.3pt"></td><td style="width:8.9pt"></td><td style="width:405.35pt"></td><td style="width:36.55pt"></td></tr></tbody></table>
| PART 3. APPENDICES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY | 77 |
|---|---|
| Appendix 1. Native Fauna of Pulu Keeling National Park Listed under the EPBC Act | 78 |
| Appendix 2. Australian IUCN reserve management principles (extract) | 80 |
| Appendix 3. Risks and Perceptions | 82 |
| Appendix 4. Ramsar Information Sheet | 83 |
| Appendix 5. Australian Ramsar management principles (extract) | 85 |
| Appendix 6. Proclamation of Pulu Keeling National Park | 87 |
| Appendix 7. Prohibition of Entry to Pulu Keeling National Park | 89 |
| Table 5. Routine Operations. | 90 |
| Bibliography and further reading | 92 |
Sourced from the Federal Register of Legislation (legislation.gov.au), CC BY 4.0.
MANAGEMENT PLAN
consisting of
a Description of the Park and a Management Plan
Director of National Parks
2004
Acknowledgments
The Director of National Parks is grateful to the members of the Pulu Keeling National Park Community Management Committee and the many organisations and individuals who provided information and assistance during preparation of this Management Plan.
Members of the Pulu Keeling National Park
Community Management Committee
As at 1 January 2003
Pirus Capstan (Nek Fatima)
Blacket Sloan (Nek Arizah)
Alpisal Rawlinson (Nek Nazrul)
Mohammed Said Chongkin (Pak Zaid)
Haji Radal Feyrel (Pak Aini)
Rosly Arkrie (Pak Rosie)
Dieter Gerhard
Adrian Granger
Lynda Steele
The Director of National Parks or his nominee
Parks Australia staff who assisted in the preparation of this Management Plan
Wendy Murray Government Conservator Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Ismail Macrae Project Officer Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Robert Thorn Senior Ranger Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Nor-Dianna Hajat Trainee Ranger Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Peter Coyne Director Performance and Planning Canberra
David Phillips Assistant Director Performance and Planning Canberra
Paul Minogue Counsel – Parks Australia Canberra
Deirdre Allen Projects and Contracts Manager Darwin
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Foreword</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">iii</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Acknowledgements</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">iv</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">TABLE OF CONTENTS</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">v</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">A DESCRIPTION OF PULU KEELING NATIONAL PARK</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="Footer" style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Pulu Keeling National Park Region</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">History</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Cocos (Keeling) Islands</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>North Keeling Island</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Pulu Keeling National Park</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Physical Geography</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Geology</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Geomorphology and Topography</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Soils</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Hydrology</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Climate</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Cyclones</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Terrestrial Environment</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Flora</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Fauna</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>10</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Marine Environment</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">12</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Social and Economic Values</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p class="TOC1" style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; text-transform:none">14</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">Pressures on Pulu Keeling National Park</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">15</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Pest Species</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>15</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Habitat Loss</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>15</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Visitor Use</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>15</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:12.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:421.2pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Other Major Threats</span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>16</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td><td style="width:26.1pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:444.6pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span>Figure 1. Location of the Cocos (Keeling)
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