bare soil area means an area where there is less than 70% groundcover.
batter means an earth slope formed during road construction either by the placing of fill material or by cutting into the natural hillside.
biodiversity means the variety of life forms—different species of plants, animals and micro-organisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystem they form.
buffer zone means a protective margin of vegetation that surrounds or is adjacent to specified drainage features or places, objects or items of heritage significance and which protects them from potentially detrimental disturbances in the surrounding area.
causeway means a natural or constructed crossing (other than a bridge) that enables vehicles to cross a drainage feature.
crossbank means a mound of earth placed across a road or track to divert water from the surface, which may be consolidated or unconsolidated.
crossdrain means a drain excavated across the full width of a road or track to divert water (for example, a spoon drain, crossbank or rollover bank).
crossfall drainage means drainage caused by shaping a road so that all water drains across and off the road surface rather than along it. Drainage created by a crossfall can be infall, outfall, or crowned (the latter being drainage caused by shaping a road so that water drains to both sides of the road).
culvert means one or more adjacent enclosed pipes or open drains that are used to convey water underneath a road.
cut means a portion of land where earth has been removed by excavation.
Department means the Department of Regional NSW.
diameter at breast height means the measurement of the diameter of a tree made—
(a) at a height of 1.3 metres above the ground level (measured from the ground level of the up slope side of the tree if the tree is on a slope), and
(b) at right angles to the axis of the tree.
If the tree is branched or deformed at 1.3 metres above the ground level, the measurement must be taken at the nearest point above or below that point, where the trunk becomes more cylindrical.
drainage depression means a level to gently inclined shallow, open depression, generally with a smoothly concave cross-section, rising to moderately inclined hill slopes, that conveys runoff water only during or immediately after (that is, only hours or days after) periods of heavy rainfall.
Schedule sch - Plantations and Reafforestation (Code) Regulation 2001 - Plantations and Reafforestation Code | Zoe
drainage feature means any of the following—
(a) a wetland,
(b) a river,
(c) a drainage line,
(d) a drainage depression on soil classed R4.
drainage line means a channel down which surface water naturally concentrates and flows, conveying water only during, or immediately after (that is, only hours or days after) periods of heavy rainfall. Drainage lines exhibit one or more of the following features which distinguish them from drainage depressions—
(a) evidence of active erosion or deposition (for example, gravel, pebble, rock or sand bed deposited by water),
(b) an incised channel more than 300 millimetres deep with clearly defined bed and banks,
(c) first or second order streams with permanent flow,
(d) third or higher order streams without permanent flow.
For the purposes of this definition, stream orders are as determined according to the Strahler System using a 1:25,000 or 1:50,000 topographic map published by the Government (whichever is the smallest scale so published).
drip line means the perimeter of the area that would be formed (if it rained only on the crown of a tree) by drips falling from the crown onto the ground below.
earthworks means any operation involved in moving, loosening, depositing, shaping, compacting or stabilising soil and rock for the purpose of construction (for example, of a road or log dump).
erosion means the wearing away of land by running water, rainfall, wind, ice or other geological agents.
extraction means the transportation of trees, stems or logs from the point of felling to a processing or roadside loading area (usually a log dump or landing).
extraction track means a track used for extraction. (Extraction tracks include snig tracks, along which logs are dragged, either wholly on the ground or supported at one end, by the use of wheeled or tracked vehicles.)
fill means excavated material that is used to raise (fill) the surface of an area to a specified level.
fire trail means a way that is used for either or both of the following purposes—
(a) to provide access for fire control vehicles,
(b) to prevent or check the spread of fire during fire fighting or prescribed burning operations.
A fire trail may be a track or a road, depending on whether or not it is constructed.
forwarder means a logging vehicle that transports logs, fully supported off the ground, between the point of felling and a log dump or landing.
groundcover means material that covers the ground surface and has the effect of reducing erosion. Groundcover includes (but is not limited to) vegetation, leaf litter, tree debris, gravel, rock, straw, mulch, geotextile fabrics, erosion control mats, jute mesh and coconut mesh.
ground slope means the slope of the natural land surface at any given point in the landscape.
habitat trees means mature, large trees, with a diameter at breast height (as defined in clause 24) of more than 40 centimetres, that provide a habitat for tree-dwelling fauna.
Note—
Arboreal mammals and nesting birds generally depend upon these trees for foraging and to provide hollows for den and nesting sites.
infall drainage means drainage caused by constructing the surface of the road with an inward slope in the opposite direction to that of the side slope of the natural surface, allowing runoff to be shed to the high terrain side of the road.
item of the environmental heritage has the same meaning as in the Heritage Act 1977.
line cultivation means cultivating lines on the ground using a ripper and other attached equipment to shatter the compacted soil layer and produce a planting area that does not result in a permanent mound or a cultivation line in excess of 600 millimetres in width.
line ripping means ripping lines in the ground (for example, with multi-tine equipment or a wing or wide-foot plate on a ripper) to shatter the compacted layer of the soil.
log dump or log landing means an area where logs or parts of logs are assembled for sorting and preliminary processing (for example, cross-cutting) before being loaded on to trucks for transport from the plantation. Log dumps or landings do not include areas set aside for stockpiling logs.
manual cultivation means tilling the soil in preparation for planting using only hand tools.
mounding means the cultivation of soil to form mounds.
native grassland of high conservation value means native grassland—
(a) that has been extensively cleared from the region, is inadequately conserved within it, or is at its geographical limit, and
(b) that exhibits one or more of the following features—
(i) it is relatively large in area, or is an area that connects two other large areas of native vegetation,
(ii) it is in unusually healthy condition (that is, it is in much the same condition, and has much the same species composition and community structure, as may have existed a hundred or more years ago),
(iii) it includes a diversity of native species (that is, not just grass species, but a diversity of forbs that grow between the grass tussocks, such as native legumes, orchids, daisies and lilies),
(iv) it is a habitat for rare and threatened species of native plants and animals,
(v) it has very few weeds and has had only minimal past disturbance from ploughing, spraying or fertilising, and
(c) that is determined by the Department (based on the preceding factors and associated surveys) to be native grassland of high conservation value.
native vegetation means any of the following types of indigenous vegetation—
(a) trees,
(b) understorey plants,
(c) groundcover,
(d) plants occurring in a wetland,
but does not include any mangroves, seagrasses or any other type of marine vegetation within the meaning of the Fisheries Management Act 1994.
outfall drainage means drainage caused by constructing the surface of the road with an outward slope in the same direction as that of the side slope of the natural surface, allowing runoff to be shed to the low terrain side of the road.
patch of woody native vegetation means an area of woody native vegetation, the existence and boundaries of which are determined in accordance with Schedule 1.
peak flow means the highest flow rate of the drainage feature concerned during or following a specific rainfall event.
place, object or item of heritage significance means—
(a) an Aboriginal place, or
(b) an Aboriginal object, or
(c) an item of the environmental heritage.
plantable area means a plantation excluding—
(a) any area of native vegetation or area designated for the location of replacement trees that is required by the complying development standards in Division 3 of Part 4 to be retained (to the extent that the authorisation for the plantation requires compliance with those standards), and
(b) any buffer zone of a drainage feature or place, object or item of heritage significance.
R1, R2, R3 and R4 are classes of regolith stability applied to soils as follows—
R1 high coherence soils with low potential to deliver sediment,
R2 low coherence soils (when wet) with low potential to deliver sediment,
R3 high coherence soils with high potential to deliver sediment,
R4 low coherence soils (when wet) with high potential to deliver fine sediment.
rainfall erosivity rating is the measure of the erosive potential of a specific rainfall event (being the product of two rainstorm characteristics: total kinetic energy of the storm multiplied by its maximum 30 minute intensity, as defined in the Universal Soil Loss Equation).
rainforest means any contiguous area of woody native vegetation dominated by rainforest species and with a rainforest structure (and it includes, but is not limited to, rainforest as defined in Integrated Forestry Operations Approvals (IFO) under the Forestry and National Park Estate Act 1998).
regional vegetation schedule means the regional vegetation schedule for the region in which a plantation is located that is made, or taken to be made, under clause 25, as applied in accordance with that clause.
regolith means unconsolidated residual or transported material that overlies the solid rock on the earth.
relief culvert means a drainage structure that transports water collected (generally by a table drain) from the road surface under the road for controlled discharge downslope.
river means a third order or higher order stream (as determined according to the Strahler System using a 1:25,000 or 1:50,000 topographic map published by the Government, whichever is the smallest scale so published) with a permanent flow.
road means a way that is constructed primarily for vehicles by means of earthworks involving the cut or fill (or both) of the natural surface on the way. A road may include a fire trail if it is so constructed.
rollover bank means a type of crossdrain and may be—
(a) a shallow drain (sometimes used in combination with a compacted low earth crossbank called a rollover crossbank) that is constructed across the full width of a road or track, or
(b) a rollover drain, which is used on moderate to steep sections of roads or tracks and sized so that the road or track remains trafficable. Rollover drains help to prevent erosion of the road or track surface by discharging water at numerous points on the low terrain side of the road or track.
runoff water means the portion of precipitation falling on a catchment area that flows from the catchment past a specified point.
rutting means soil disturbance caused by the sinking of the wheels or tracks of vehicles or machinery.
Secretary means the Secretary of the Department.
sediment means particles of soil material that have been transported or deposited by water flow.
slash means tree debris left following the felling, processing and extraction of logs.
spot cultivation means cultivation of an area for the planting of individual tree seedlings, either manually or using mechanical cultivation equipment, that does not result in continuous ground disturbance within or between tree rows.
table drain means a drain constructed along the side of a road between the shoulder and a cut batter, that collects and drains runoff water away from the road surface and also intercepts runoff water from cut batters that might otherwise flow onto the road surface.
the landholding means the lot or lots on which a plantation is or is to be situated.
track means a way for vehicles and machinery that is not constructed.
wetland means any area that is—
(a) covered by a shallow body of water (being a body of water that is not the result of unusual flooding, high rainfall, temporary water diversion, or a marked permeability break in the soil profile leading to the development of a perched water table), and
(b) inundated cyclically, intermittently or permanently with water, and
(c) under normal circumstances, predominantly vegetated with plant communities adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, and
(d) characterised by soils that exhibit reducing conditions.
Wetlands generally include marshes, billabongs, swamps and sedge lands.
windrow means a row of cut vegetation raked up for clearing (for example timber which is pushed into lines for burning during a clearing operation).
woody native vegetation means native trees and shrubs.
Appendix: Am 2010 (676), Sch 1 [2]–[69]; 2011 No 27, Sch 2.38 [1]–[3]; 2018 No 25, Sch 2.26; 2020 (65), cl 3(2); 2022 No 59, Schs 2.34[1]–[3], 3.52.