Perth Parking Management Act 2024

The Act introduces and relies on a small number of defined and operational concepts. The materials supplied themselves define only a subset of these concepts directly; others will be defined or fleshed out in parts of the Act not yet proclaimed or in subordinate instruments the Act contemplates.

• Parking management area and licensing. The long title and preamble language frame the statute around a defined "parking management area in the metropolitan region" and the licensing and authorising of parking spaces within that area. The operative form of licences, authorisations, licence conditions and enforcement mechanisms are not present in the supplied text, but the Act authorises those regimes by reference.

• Fundable project. Part 12 inserts a new definition of "fundable project" into the Perth Parking Management Act 1999 (s 193). That term is defined, in relation to the Perth parking management area, to include: (a)(i) transport or accessibility infrastructure, projects or services within the area to promote a sustainable balance between different modes of transport; (a)(ii) infrastructure, projects or services not related to transport or accessibility that improve economic activity or urban amenity; and (a)(iii) traffic management within the area. The definition expressly excludes "an event of a sporting, cultural or other nature (other than traffic management for the event)" (s 193(1A)). That exclusion narrows one possible use of funds.

• Scope of permitted expenditure. The amendment to s 23(3) of the 1999 Act adds that licence fees and related revenue may be applied "for the purpose of a fundable project, or a purpose connected with a fundable project, within the Perth parking management area" (s 193(2)(b)-(c)). The inserted subsection (4) clarifies that "infrastructure, projects or services" may include capital costs and costs other than capital costs including running or administration costs (s 193(3)-(4)). This makes explicit that both capital expenditure and operating or administrative expenditure can be considered permissible uses.

• Transitional funding rule. The new Part 5 (s 27) expressly makes s 23(1A), s 23(3)(c) and s 23(4) applicable to amounts charged to the Perth Parking Licensing Account whether or not the amounts were credited before commencement day (s 27(2)). Commencement day for this transitional rule is the day Part 12 comes into operation (s 27(1)). That means funds already collected before the 2024 amendments may be reallocated consistent with the new "fundable project" concept.

• Pre‑commencement authorisation. Section 188 uses the Interpretation Act 1984 s 25 mechanism to allow the Executive to exercise certain statutory powers that rely on instruments (such as the parking policy, regulations under s 128 and approved forms) that themselves have not formally commenced, by treating those instruments as having commenced for the purposes of exercising the enabling power. Section 188(2) further directs that, for the purposes of Interpretation Act 1984 s 25(a), "instrument" is taken to include "a parking space approval" and "a pre‑authorisation" in addition to approved forms (s 188(2)). The CEO is given a discrete pre‑commencement communication power under s 188(3) to advise potential licence holders of licence fees.

• Regulatory scaffolding. The Act anticipates subordinate instruments: it speaks to a parking policy, regulations under s 128 and approved forms. The precise content and legal effect of those instruments are not in the supplied text. Section 188(4)-(5) allow a regulation‑making power and the parking policy to be treated as commenced when those powers are exercised under Interpretation Act s 25, even where the referenced regulations or policies refer to one another.

Every element above is taken from the Act text as supplied, principally from the definition and amendment material in Part 12 (s 193 and s 194 inserting s 27) and the pre‑commencement provisions in s 188.

The Act names and implies a range of affected parties, though not all obligations and benefits are detailed in the supplied text. The following groups are explicitly or implicitly affected by the provisions in the supplied material:

• Prospective and existing parking space licence holders. Section 188(3) enables the CEO to give a notice before certain parts of the Act commence to "a person who the CEO considers may be a parking space licence holder whose licence may be renewed under Part 3 Division 5 on or after commencement day" advising the person of a licence fee for renewal. That identifies licence holders subject to Part 3 Division 5 of the Act as a core affected group, even though those licensing provisions themselves are, according to the compilation table, not yet in operation (s 2 and the uncommenced provisions table).

• The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and agency staff administering the parking regime. Section 188 confers a specific pre‑commencement authority on the CEO to provide fee notices, and to rely on Interpretation Act s 25 for exercising powers tied to instruments that are not yet formally commenced. The CEO will also be the decision maker for treating instruments as commenced, and for issuing parking space approvals or pre‑authorisations where contemplated.

• The Perth Parking Licensing Account custodians. Part 12 expressly addresses money charged to the Perth Parking Licensing Account and makes that money available for "fundable projects" whether credited before or after the relevant commencement day (inserted s 27(2)). Those who administer the Account must apply the new spending rules.

• Transport and urban infrastructure agencies and service providers. The new definition of fundable project expressly permits transport or accessibility infrastructure, projects or services to be funded, and allows capital and running costs to be paid. Agencies that deliver transport or accessibility projects, or private contractors who might bid for that work, are therefore potential recipients of licence fees.

• Local businesses, property owners and wider community within the Perth parking management area. The definition of fundable projects includes infrastructure and services aimed at improving "economic activity or urban amenity", which imply beneficiaries in local commercial and community sectors. The Act does not expand here on criteria for selecting projects, but it explicitly contemplates non‑transport projects that affect economic activity and amenity (s 193(1A)(ii)).

• Persons and bodies that currently rely on or are governed by the Perth Parking Management Act 1999 and associated taxing and regulatory instruments. Part 12 formally amends the 1999 Act and the long title indicates repeal of the 1999 Acts and Regulations; sequencing and transitional arrangements will be relevant to entities operating under the older statutory regime.

• Courts and enforcement agencies that may be affected by the declared consequential amendment to the Sentencing Act 1995 referenced in the long title, although the text of that consequential amendment is not contained in the materials supplied.

The supplied text does not identify individual rights holders beyond the above categories, nor does it provide a comprehensive list of stakeholders. It does however create financial and administrative effects for licence holders, account administrators, the CEO and agencies responsible for transport and urban projects, as derived from s 188 and the amendments in Part 12.

The supplied text specifies a number of powers, permissions and limited duties; it does not contain the full regulatory regime, licences, conditions or enforcement clauses for the parking system. The following key duties and rights are present in the text provided.

• Right to authorise and licence parking spaces. The long title and other provisions indicate the Act's purpose is to provide for licensing and authorising parking spaces within the parking management area. The detailed mechanics of licensing, including application, conditions, renewal, suspension or cancellation, are not in the supplied text; however, the CEO is empowered in a preparatory sense to notify potential licence holders about fees under s 188(3).

• Right to allocate licence revenue to fundable projects. The amendment to s 23 of the Perth Parking Management Act 1999, inserted by this Act, explicitly permits licence fees and other revenue "under this Act" to be applied not only for administration but also "for the purpose of a fundable project, or a purpose connected with a fundable project, within the Perth parking management area" (s 193(2)). That is a statutory permission for the public sector to use revenue from parking licences to fund specified projects and services.

• Definition‑based entitlement and limitation. The ability to use funds turns on the statutory definition of "fundable project". Under s 193(1A), eligible projects include transport or accessibility infrastructure and projects to improve economic activity or urban amenity, and traffic management. That definition also expressly excludes events (other than traffic management for an event). Users of funds, and those who deal with the account, must therefore observe that legal boundary.

• Accounting flexibility for capital and operating costs. Section 193(4), inserted as s 23(4) into the 1999 Act, clarifies that "Infrastructure, projects or services referred to in this section may include 1 or more of the following , (a) capital costs ...; (b) costs other than capital costs including running or administration costs". That expands the permitted uses of licence revenue from strictly capital projects to include ongoing operational and administrative spending, subject to the fundable project definition.

• Transitional right to spend previously collected funds on fundable projects. The new transitional provision s 27 makes the amended s 23(1A), s 23(3)(c) and s 23(4) apply to amounts charged to the Perth Parking Licensing Account "whether or not the amount was credited to the Account before or after commencement day" (s 27(2)). This gives administrators the right to apply existing balances to the newly authorised categories of expenditure.

• Pre‑commencement exercise of powers. Section 188 permits the exercise of powers under Interpretation Act 1984 s 25 (other than the power to make an instrument under Part 7 of the Act) while treating certain instruments as having "commenced" for the limited purpose of that exercise. For present purposes, the parking policy, regulations under s 128 and approved forms are included (s 188(1)). Section 188(2) also expands the notion of "instrument" for Interpretation Act s 25(a) to include "a parking space approval" and "a pre‑authorisation", which may be used in exercising pre‑commencement powers. The CEO may, before the operation of s 3, notify people about licence fee renewals (s 188(3)). Those provisions create procedural rights and obligations tied to pre‑commencement administration.

• Regulatory rule‑making and policy powers contemplated. The Act contemplates regulations under s 128 and a parking policy. Section 188(4)-(5) enable regulations under s 128(3) and the parking policy to be treated as commenced when a power is exercised under Interpretation Act s 25 to make those instruments, including where the parking policy refers to regulations. That provides administrative continuity between high‑level statutory powers and the subordinate instruments that will implement them.

What the text does not do in the supplied material is set out the full operational duties of licence holders (such as contraventions, fee rates, compliance obligations, powers to remove vehicles or signage requirements), nor the enforcement or penalty schedules. It also does not specify governance criteria for selecting fundable projects, project approval processes, or detailed financial controls for the Perth Parking Licensing Account. Those components appear to be left to other parts of the Act not yet in force or to subordinate instruments the Act contemplates.

All of the rights and duties listed above are stated or implied by the Act provisions reproduced here, principally s 188 and the amendments effected by ss 192-194 and the inserted s 27.

The supplied text contains very limited material about penalties, offences or enforcement mechanisms. The following is an inventory of enforcement‑relevant content as it appears in the material provided.

• No operative offence or penalty provisions in the supplied text. The Act as reproduced contains no specific offence provisions, penalty amounts, infringement notice regimes, enforcement processes for parking contraventions, or powers such as seizure, impounding or removal of vehicles. The long title records a consequential amendment to the Sentencing Act 1995, but the substantive text of that consequential amendment is not set out in the material provided. Consequently, there are no explicit penalty provisions to cite in the portions of the Act put into operation on assent day and on the day after.

• Enforcement by financial allocation rather than coercive sanction. The principal regulatory lever in the enacted portions is fiscal: license fees and other revenue under the Act may be used to fund projects and operating costs within the Perth parking management area (see s 193 amending s 23 of the 1999 Act and s 27). This is an allocation of revenue rather than a direct enforcement mechanism against individuals.

• Pre‑commencement legal mechanics. Section 188 allows certain pre‑commencement acts, via the Interpretation Act 1984 s 25 mechanism. That provision is not itself punitive but it affects the timing and legal status of instruments and decisions that may have regulatory effects for licence holders and the public. For example, a pre‑commencement notice of a licence fee under s 188(3) could create an expectation or administrative obligation ahead of full commencement, but s 188 does not specify penalties for non‑compliance with a pre‑commencement notice.

• Delegated instruments and regulations anticipated. The Act contemplates regulations under s 128 and a parking policy. Enforcement and penalty regimes are commonly located in primary legislation or subordinate instruments, so the absence of such provisions in the supplied text indicates those enforcement regimes either appear in uncommenced parts of this Act or will be implemented by regulations and other instruments not yet in force. Section 188 deliberately permits making regulations and policies for the purpose of preparing the regime, but does not itself create penalties.

• Transitional and account implications. The insertion of s 27 allows previously collected funds to be used for fundable projects. Although not an enforcement mechanism, this reallocation may have practical enforcement consequences for other statutory programmes or budgets that previously relied on those funds; no compensation or statutory priority scheme is specified in the text provided.

In short, the supplied text contains minimal enforcement architecture. It contains an express link to the Sentencing Act 1995 in the long title, but no text for any consequential change is provided. Any practitioner needing to advise on penalties or administrative enforcement should therefore note that the provisions in the reproductions here do not contain offence or penalty clauses; those elements appear to be in other provisions of the Act not yet proclaimed or in subordinate instruments the Act contemplates.

The Act in the material supplied explicitly interacts with a small number of other statutes and instruments. The interaction is both direct by reference and indirect via amendment and transitional arrangements.

• Interpretation Act 1984. Section 188 repeatedly relies on the Interpretation Act 1984 s 25 mechanism to permit the exercise of powers before certain instruments have formally commenced. The text treats the "parking policy", regulations under s 128 and an approved form as having commenced for the limited purpose of exercising powers under Interpretation Act s 25 (s 188(1)). Section 188(2) expands what counts as an "instrument" under Interpretation Act s 25(a) to include a parking space approval and a pre‑authorisation. Sections 188(4)-(5) further allow the parking policy and regulations to be treated as commenced in particular circumstances. The practical effect is an intended legal bridge between the exercise of statutory powers and the subordinate instruments that will implement them.

• Perth Parking Management Act 1999. Part 12 expressly amends the 1999 Act. Section 192 states "This Part amends the Perth Parking Management Act 1999." Section 193 inserts a new definition of "fundable project" and extends s 23(3) to allow revenues to be applied to fundable projects (s 193). Section 194 inserts a Part 5 transitional provision (s 27) that applies these amended rules to amounts charged to the Perth Parking Licensing Account regardless of whether the funds were credited before or after commencement day. Thus the 2024 Act modifies the 1999 framework rather than simply replacing it in the parts reproduced.

• Perth Parking Management (Taxing) Act 1999 and Perth Parking Management Regulations 1999. The long title states the Act will "repeal the Perth Parking Management Act 1999, the Perth Parking Management (Taxing) Act 1999 and the Perth Parking Management Regulations 1999". That sentence in the long title is a legislative statement of intended repeal. However, the text supplied concurrently shows Part 12 amending the 1999 Act and inserting transitional provisions into it. The compilation and uncommenced provisions tables show that many parts of the 2024 Act remain to be proclaimed. Consequently, sequencing and the extent of repeal are matters determined by the text of the uncommenced parts and the timing of proclamation. The supplied material does not show the operative repeal provisions themselves.

• Sentencing Act 1995. The long title records that a consequential amendment to the Sentencing Act 1995 will be made. The substance of that amendment is not included in the text supplied. It is therefore not possible from these materials to state the precise interaction or impact on sentencing or penalties.

• Regulations and parking policy. The Act contemplates and depends on subordinate instruments, including regulations under s 128 and a parking policy. Section 188(4)-(5) expressly provides that if a power is exercised under the Interpretation Act s 25 to make regulations under s 128(3), the parking policy is treated as commenced for the purposes of exercising that power, and if the parking policy refers to those regulations, then the regulations are treated as commenced for the purpose of making the parking policy. This cross‑reference indicates the drafters anticipated mutual dependence between the policy document and regulations and provided a statutory mechanism to resolve timing circularities.

• Financial and administrative law interfaces. The Act operates with the Perth Parking Licensing Account, and the new transitional provision makes the amended spending rules apply to amounts charged to that Account regardless of when credited (s 27(2)). That interacts with public finance and appropriation frameworks within Western Australia, though the Act does not expressly modify appropriation law in the materials provided.

In sum, the Act as supplied relies on the Interpretation Act 1984 for pre‑commencement powers, amends and operates through the Perth Parking Management Act 1999 and its Licensing Account, contemplates subordinate regulations and policies and signals repeal of older enactments and a consequential amendment to the Sentencing Act 1995. The precise legal effects of repeal and the content of subordinate instruments are not contained in the reproduced portion; their practical import will depend on proclamation sequencing and the content of the uncommenced parts and regulations.

The compilation table and the commencement section in the supplied text set out the immediate amendment and commencement sequencing for the Act.

• Assent and immediate commencements. The compilation table shows the Perth Parking Management Act 2024 received assent on 7 March 2024. Section 2 of the Act sets out staged commencement. Part 1 (other than ss 3-10) came into operation on assent day, 7 March 2024 (s 2(a)). Section 188 and Part 12 commenced on the day after assent day, 8 March 2024 (s 2(b)). The remainder of the Act is to come into operation on a day fixed by proclamation (s 2(c)).

• Uncommenced provisions. The text includes a specific uncommenced provisions table. It records that ss 3-10, Parts 2-10 (other than s 188), and Part 11 remain to be proclaimed. The uncommenced table also records that provisions in the Perth Parking Management Amendment Act 2024 (numbers 3 of 2024, ss 3 and 4) are operative only when s 3 of this Act comes into operation. In short, much of the Act’s operative detail remains to be proclaimed.

• Amendments to the Perth Parking Management Act 1999. Part 12 (which commenced on 8 March 2024) expressly amends the 1999 Act. Section 192 states that Part 12 amends that Act. Section 193 inserts a definition of "fundable project" and extends the permissible uses of revenues under s 23 of the 1999 Act to include fundable projects (s 193(1A) and s 193(2)(c)). Section 193(3) and (4) specify that such projects may include capital and running or administration costs. Section 194 inserts Part 5 into the 1999 Act as a transitional provision contained in s 27, which clarifies the temporal application of the new spending rules to amounts in the Perth Parking Licensing Account.

• Transitional provision for pre‑existing funds. The inserted s 27 defines "commencement day" for Part 12 and makes clear that the amended s 23(1A), s 23(3)(c) and s 23(4) apply to amounts charged to the Perth Parking Licensing Account "whether or not the amount was credited to the Account before or after commencement day" (s 27(1)-(2)). That is a temporal saving provision designed to allow retrospective application of the new authorised uses to existing balances.

• Compilation status and licensing. The notes at the end of the Act state it is a compilation of the Perth Parking Management Act 2024 and includes amendments made by other written laws. The compilation table and uncommenced provisions table are included for reference. The Act is published under the Government Printer and designated as © State of Western Australia 2024.

The amendment history recorded in these materials is therefore concentrated on the immediate insertion of definitional and spending powers into the 1999 Act and the staging of commencement. The record also flags that much of the Act’s operational content remains unproclaimed. All statements in this section are drawn directly from s 2, ss 192-194 and the compilation and uncommenced tables in the supplied material.

The supplied text contains no litigation history. It does not cite any cases, judicial determinations or prior litigation related to the subject matter. There is no recorded judicial interpretation of the 2024 Act in the materials provided.

Given the recency of assent (7 March 2024) as recorded in the compilation table, and the fact that much of the Act's substantive regime remains uncommenced, there are no reported cases referenced within this text. The Act itself does not list or refer to judicial decisions.

Practically, any litigation history or judicial consideration will arise only after the remaining provisions are proclaimed and subordinate instruments (the parking policy, regulations, approved forms) are made and brought into effect. The Act supplies a pre‑commencement mechanism (s 188) that could give cause to early administrative action; whether such early acts generate litigation will depend on how those powers are exercised.

All of the above is a statement of absence: the materials supplied do not record any litigation, and no cases are named in this text.

The material supplied contains several features that create legal and practical points of attention for advisers, administrators and affected parties. These are concrete items grounded in the Act text.

• Large parts unproclaimed. The Act intentionally stages commencement. Sections 3-10 and Parts 2-11 (other than s 188 and Part 12) remain uncommenced and are to be brought in by proclamation (s 2(c) and the uncommenced provisions table). This means the substantive licensing, enforcement and operational details that practitioners will typically expect are not yet in force. Advisers must not assume those details exist in the text supplied; they are likely in unproclaimed parts or subordinate instruments.

• Pre‑commencement legal fictions. Section 188 treats the parking policy, regulations under s 128 and approved forms as having "commenced" for the purposes of exercising powers under the Interpretation Act 1984 s 25 (s 188(1)). It also treats parking space approvals and pre‑authorisations as "instruments" (s 188(2)). This mechanism resolves timing circularities but creates a transient legal state in which certain administrative acts have the status of being made "as if" instruments had commenced. Parties should note that this can create uncertainty about the exact legal status of decisions made in the pre‑commencement window and about the retrospective effect of those decisions.

• CEO pre‑commencement fee notices. Section 188(3) allows the CEO to give a notice before s 3 comes into operation advising a person whom the CEO considers may be a parking space licence holder about a licence fee for renewal. That gives the CEO a significant administrative role prior to the full operation of the licence regime, and creates potential expectations on prospective licence holders. It also raises questions about whether such notices bind recipients, what form they must take, and whether they are subject to merits review , none of which are addressed in the parts of the Act reproduced.

• Broad definition of fundable project. The newly inserted definition of "fundable project" in s 193(1A) covers transport and accessibility projects, projects to improve economic activity or urban amenity and traffic management. The breadth , notably the inclusion of non‑transport projects to improve "economic activity or urban amenity" , gives administrators latitude in selecting projects. That latitude creates potential for contestation over project selection criteria, prioritisation and governance, none of which are detailed in the provided text.

• Explicit exclusion for events. The definition expressly excludes "an event of a sporting, cultural or other nature (other than traffic management for the event)" (s 193(1A)(b)). That means using licence revenue to fund events themselves is outside the definition unless the spending is for traffic management associated with an event. Entities seeking to use funds for event programming will therefore find themselves restricted unless the expenditure can be framed as traffic management.

• Financing of operating costs. The insertion clarifying that permissible uses include running or administration costs (s 193(4)(b)) means licence revenue can be used for ongoing operating expenditures rather than being limited to capital projects. That reduces the fiscal ring‑fencing of funds and may affect budgeting for other transport or urban projects.

• Transitional reallocation of pre‑existing funds. Section 27 applies the new spending rules to amounts charged to the Perth Parking Licensing Account whether credited before or after commencement day (s 27(2)). That permits reallocation of pre‑existing funds to the new categories. Entities that previously relied on those balances for other purposes will be affected; the Act does not specify compensatory mechanisms or priorities for competing claims on those funds.

• Repeal language and sequencing tensions. The long title recites repeal of the Perth Parking Management Act 1999, the Perth Parking Management (Taxing) Act 1999 and the Perth Parking Management Regulations 1999. Yet Part 12 immediately amends the 1999 Act and inserts transitional provisions into it. This mixed picture requires close attention to proclamation sequencing and the detailed repeal provisions that are not included in the supplied text. Advisers should not assume an immediate or total repeal based solely on the long title.

• Lack of penalties and enforcement details in the supplied material. The absence of offence provisions in the reproduced text means there is no immediate clarity about compliance consequences, enforcement powers, or dispute resolution mechanisms. Parties that would be governed by the licensing regime must look to uncommenced parts or subordinate instruments for those details.

Each point above is grounded in the Act text: particularly s 2 (commencement), s 188 (pre‑commencement mechanics), s 193 (definition of fundable project and amendments to s 23) and s 27 (transitional provision). Practitioners should treat those provisions as the primary source for these "gotchas" and watch for proclamation of uncommenced sections and for the contents of regulations and the parking policy.

Given the staged commencement and the limited content put into effect by the provided materials, compliance for affected parties involves monitoring, preparation and record‑keeping rather than immediate operational changes in many respects. The following are concrete compliance actions grounded in the Act's text.

• Monitor proclamations and subordinate instruments. The Act explicitly leaves most operative content to proclamation (s 2(c)) and contemplates a parking policy and regulations under s 128. Entities that will be licence holders, contractors, or applicants should track the Government Gazette, the WA legislation website and communications from the administering agency to identify when Parts 2-11 and associated regulations and the parking policy are proclaimed and published. Until those instruments exist in final form, many compliance obligations remain undefined in the record provided.

• Expect and preserve pre‑commencement notices from the CEO. Section 188(3) authorises the CEO to notify persons the CEO considers may be licence holders about licence fee renewals prior to s 3 coming into operation. If you receive such a notice, keep an unaltered record of it (date, sender, content) and any responses. That record will be relevant for assessing whether the notice creates binding obligations, whether it is procedural, and whether it forms part of a contractual or administrative expectation once the licensing regime commences.

• Review Perth Parking Licensing Account balances and reporting. The amended s 23 and transitional s 27 make amounts charged to the Perth Parking Licensing Account available for "fundable projects" regardless of when they were credited (s 27(2)). Account custodians should inventory current balances, map historical credits and understand any prior earmarking of funds. Financial officers must ensure that future allocations and project payments are made in accordance with the new statutory definition of "fundable project" and that accounting records can demonstrate that expenditures fall within the permitted categories (capital costs, running or administration costs).

• Test proposed projects against the statutory definition of fundable project. Before approving expenditure of licence revenue, administrators should confirm that the project is within the Act’s definition: transport or accessibility infrastructure to promote a sustainable balance between different modes, projects to improve economic activity or urban amenity (non‑transport), or traffic management. Expenditure on events is excluded unless it is traffic management for an event (s 193(1A)). Maintain contemporaneous justification documents explaining how the project advances the statutory criteria.

• Prepare procurement and contract documentation for capital and operating spend. Because s 193(4) permits capital and non‑capital costs, procurement and contract templates should be drafted to accommodate both one‑off capital projects and ongoing service contracts, with clear deliverables, performance metrics and budgetary controls to distinguish capital investment from recurrent operating expenditure in audited accounts.

• Capture governance and decision records. The Act gives administrators discretion to select fundable projects. To reduce litigation and oversight risks, create decision‑making frameworks that record project selection criteria, stakeholder consultations, cost-benefit analyses, environmental or traffic impact assessments where appropriate, and approvals by delegated officers. Although the Act does not specify procedural rules for project selection, transparent records will be important for public accountability.

• Coordinate with other public authorities and stakeholders. The authorised uses include transport, accessibility and urban amenity projects. Coordinate early with transport departments, local governments, businesses and community representatives to align projects with broader transport and urban planning priorities and to avoid duplication or conflicting funding commitments.

• Seek clarity on the scope of CEO pre‑commencement powers. Legal advisers to entities likely to be licence holders should seek formal guidance from the administering agency about the legal effect of notices issued under s 188(3) and the status of pre‑commencement instruments treated as having commenced under s 188(1)-(2). That guidance will be relevant for planning renewals, budgeting for fees, and contesting administrative decisions if necessary.

• Watch for consequential and complementary instruments, including any Sentencing Act changes. The long title references a consequential amendment to the Sentencing Act 1995. Practitioners should obtain and review the text of that amendment when available, as it may affect penalties or sentencing consequences for offences under the parking regime once proclaimed.

• Avoid assumptions about enforcement. The parts of the Act reproduced include no penalty schedules. Until the relevant provisions and regulations are published, do not act on assumptions about fines, infringement procedures or enforcement thresholds. Where compliance depends on such mechanisms, obtain written advice based on the enacted provisions once they are available.

All recommended compliance actions flow directly from the provisions in the supplied text, principally s 2 (commencement), s 188 (pre‑commencement powers and CEO notice), the amendments to s 23 of the 1999 Act as inserted by s 193 (definition of fundable project and permitted uses) and s 27 (transitional application to existing funds).