Part 91 (General Operating and Flight Rules) Manual of Standards 2020
Part 13VFR FLIGHTS
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CHAPTER 13 VFR FLIGHTS
13.01 Purpose
For subregulation 91.273 (1), this Chapter prescribes requirements relating to the operation of an aircraft for a VFR flight.
13.02 VFR flight navigation requirements
(1) When navigating by visual reference to the ground or water, the pilot in command must, at intervals of not more than 30 minutes, positively fix the aircraft’s position by visual reference to features marked on topographical charts.
(2) For subsection (1), when navigating by visual reference over the sea, visual reference features may include rocks, reefs and fixed human-made objects that are:
(a) marked on topographical charts appropriate for the flight; and
(b) readily identifiable from the air.
(3) When not navigating by visual reference to the ground or water, the pilot in command must comply with the requirements in Chapter 14, as if the flight were an IFR flight.
(4) The pilot in command of an aircraft may:
(a) operate in an airspace or on a route designated as requiring use of a particular navigation specification; or
(b) conduct a terminal instrument flight procedure designated as requiring use of a particular navigation specification;
but only if the aircraft is approved for operation, under the particular navigation specification, by at least 1 of the following:
(c) the AFM;
(d) a document approved under Part 21 of CASR as part of, or based on, an airworthiness assessment;
(e) for a foreign-registered aircraft — a document approved in writing by the NAA of the State of registration or State of the operator of the aircraft.
(5) If the pilot in command is engaged in any of the following:
(a) operating in an airspace or on a route that requires the use of GNSS;
(b) conducting a terminal instrument flight procedure that requires the use of GNSS;
(c) conducting a terminal instrument flight procedure using GNSS as a substitute or alternative for a ground-based navigation aid within the meaning of subsection 14.05 (1);
then the operation must be conducted using an approved GNSS.