Unit 2.7.1 NVFR: NVFR rating – all aircraft categories
Flight Rules
1.1 Describe the privileges and limitations of the rating.
1.2 Describe the minimum NVFR aircraft equipment requirements.
1.3 Describe the ALA dimension and lighting requirements as applicable.
1.4 Describe the flight planning requirements (including notification and weather forecast requirements).
1.5 Describe the requirements for determining LSALT.
1.6 Describe the requirements for descent below LSALT.
1.7 Explain the alternate aerodrome planning requirements (including night circuit training flights).
Flight at Night
2.1 Operations
2.1.1 Describe the principles of operations, limitations and errors for the radio navigation systems used.
2.1.2 Explain the requirements for departure and descent for clearance from terrain.
2.1.3 Describe the operation of PAL.
2.2 Human factors
2.2.1 Explain the human factors and physiological limitations for the conduct of operations at night as described in CASA guidance material for NVFR operations.
[41] Schedule 3, Appendix 3, Section 3.2, Unit 3.2.3 FETR: Flight engineer type rating – all aircraft
renumber as Unit 3.2.4
[42] Schedule 3, Appendix 3, Section 3.2, after Unit 3.2.2 TYPH: Pilot type rating – helicopter
insert
Unit 3.2.3 TYPG: Pilot type rating – gyroplane
General note for this unit
The following knowledge standards may not be relevant for all aircraft type ratings and can be ignored if not applicable to an aircraft type.
Gyroplane limitations and documentation
2.1.1 Identify aircraft limitations and locate information contained in the aircraft flight manual.
2.1.2 Perform pre-flight inspection and determine serviceability of the gyroplane for flight.
2.1.3 Apply MEL and CDL, where applicable.
2.1.4 Determine the effects of ADs, ASB/SB where pilot action may be required, as applicable to type.
2.1.5 Aware of licensing obligations for variants, where applicable.
Weight and balance
3.1.1 Calculate CG for gyroplane and determine if within prescribed limits.
3.1.2 Determine trim settings, where applicable.
3.1.3 Describe the effects of fuel use and management on CG, if any.
3.1.4 Describe the effects of changes to CG on aircraft performance.
Division Unit 2.7.1 NVFR: NVFR rating — all aircr - Part 61 Manual of Standards Amendment Instrument 2024 (No. 1) - Unit 2.7.1 NVFR: NVFR rating — all aircraft categories | Zoe
3.1.5 Awareness of aircraft weight limitations, loading limits, cargo hold limitations, and any load/weight limitations for operational equipment contained in the aircraft flight manual supplement.
Meteorology and adverse weather operations
4.1.1 Interpret weather forecasts typically required to conduct a flight in the gyroplane.
4.1.2 State the requirements for low-visibility operations.
4.1.3 Describe the effect on aircraft operations of the following conditions:
(a) ice, slush or snow (as applicable);
(b) turbulence penetration;
(c) heavy rain or falling snow;
(d) windshear techniques during take-off, approach and landing (as applicable);
(e) cold weather operations (as applicable);
(f) low-visibility operations (as applicable).
Aerodynamics and performance
5.1.1 Describe basic aerodynamics for single main rotor.
5.1.2 Describe the following aerodynamic effects as they apply to the particular gyroplane:
(a) rotor blade flap;
(b) retreating blade stall;
(c) effect of engine torque;
(d) ground resonance.
5.1.3 Determine the airspeeds to meet performance requirements for different configurations and phases of flight.
5.1.4 Describe limits of normal operating envelope.
5.1.5 Discuss the meteorological performance limiting factors.
5.1.6 Discuss any unique operational characteristics, including terrain and environment and runway requirements/limitations.
5.1.7 Describe the operation and application of the following:
(a) trim devices;
(b) rotor RPM gauge;
(c) rotor brake;
(d) prerotator/spin-up control;
(e) height-velocity diagram;
(f) securing rotor blades.
5.1.8 Determine the airspeeds to meet performance requirements for different phases of flight.
5.1.9 Describe manoeuvring below minimum level speed and recovery.
Fuel and engine oil systems
6.1.1 Describe the following in relation to the gyroplane’s fuel system:
(a) location of fuel tank/s and capacity;
(b) normal and abnormal fuel system operation and distribution;
(c) location and type of pumps used;
(d) vents system and location of vents and drains;
(e) system controls and indicators;
(f) minimum grades, colour and additives required, if any;
(g) minimum fuel temperature;
(h) indications of reduced or loss of fuel flow;
(i) determining level of engine oil;
(j) oil system indicators and grade of oil required;
(k) fuel and oil system limitations.
Engines
7.1.1 Describe type of engine/s installed, the main components, rated thrust or horsepower and indicators required for operation.
7.1.2 State engine start limits, as applicable.
7.1.3 Describe engine controls and their function.
7.1.4 Describe normal and abnormal engine operations.
7.1.5 Describe the operation of the ignition system.
7.1.6 Describe the method of feathering and unfeathering the propeller/s, where applicable.
Electrical system
8.1.1 Describe core components of the gyroplane’s electrical system.
8.1.2 Describe the system design and operation, including use of AC or DC power, as applicable.
8.1.3 Explain the methods of power generation.
8.1.4 Describe the electrical system protections and locations of key components.
8.1.5 Explain the indications of normal and degraded system operation.
8.1.6 Describe the location of connections for external sources of power, if applicable.
8.1.7 Describe the use of the APU when used to provide a source of electrical power.
Hydraulic system
9.1.1 Describe core components of the gyroplane’s hydraulic system/s and their method of operation, including alternative sources of operation.
9.1.2 Describe normal system operating pressure and system protections to prevent damage to components or system.
9.1.3 Explain the method of determining sufficient system capacity, indicators and controls.
9.1.4 Describe systems operated by the hydraulic system/s.
Undercarriage and brakes
10.1.1 Describe the undercarriage system components and safety systems.
10.1.2 Explain normal and alternative method of undercarriage operations.
10.1.3 Describe the operation of the nosewheel steering system, if installed.
10.1.4 Describe the brake system components and normal and abnormal operations.
10.1.5 Explain the operation of the anti-skid system and limitations, if installed.
10.1.6 Determine brake energy limits and brake cooling requirements.
Pneumatic system
11.1.1 Describe the gyroplane’s pneumatic system components and methods of operation.
11.1.2 Describe system limitations and safety devices.
Environmental system
12.1.1 Explain the operation of the gyroplane’s heating, demisting and airconditioning systems and normal and emergency modes of operation and limitations.
Flight controls
13.1.1 Describe flight controls and their method of operation.
13.1.2 Describe limitations and safety features that prevent structural damage to the gyroplane.
Ice and rain protection
14.1.1 Describe the gyroplane’s ice protection system/s, detection systems and explain their operation, if applicable.
14.1.2 Describe anti-ice system limitations, if applicable.
Fire and overheat protection
15.1.1 Describe the fire and overheat protection system/s installed on the gyroplane, including indicators and extinguishing agents used.
15.1.2 Determine the serviceability of the system/s.
15.1.3 Describe the power sources required for system operation.
Flight instruments
16.1.1 Describe the system/s that provides data to the primary flight instruments.
16.1.2 Describe the power sources for the primary flight instruments/displays.
16.1.3 Describe the operation of the warning systems.
16.1.4 Describe alternative sources of input or power for flight instrument operation.
16.1.5 Describe the operation of EFIS system and redundant modes of operation.
Navigation and radar systems (when installed)
17.1.1 Describe the operation of the gyroplane’s navigation, communication and surveillance system/s.
17.1.2 Describe the operation of the gyroplane’s navigation receivers and how to determine their operational status and integrity.
17.1.3 Describe the gyroplane’s weather detection system/s and safety precautions.
17.1.4 Explain the operation of the gyroplane’s FMS and integration with other aircraft systems.
17.1.5 Determine ANP for RNP operations.
17.1.6 Describe the operation of the gyroplane’s windshear detection system.
Autoflight system (when installed)
18.1.1 Explain the operation of the autopilot and autothrottle, if installed, in flight operation in all modes.
18.1.2 Describe failure annunciations, pilot actions and limitations.
18.1.3 Explain the integration of aircraft navigation systems with the autoflight system.
Communications
19.1.1 Can operate all the aircraft communication systems, voice and data when installed.
19.1.2 Describe the operation of aircraft intercommunication systems.
19.1.3 Describe the operation of the communications system in the event of changes in power source.
19.1.4 Explain the operation of the CVR and DFDR and requirements for operation.
Airframe
20.1.1 Describe airframe construction, materials, cowling and firewalls, as applicable.
20.1.2 Describe rotor system.
20.1.3 Describe the operation of the doors, exits, windows and monitoring systems.
Miscellaneous systems
21.1.1 Describe other systems installed in the gyroplane that are likely to be used by the flight crew to operate the gyroplane.
21.1.2 Describe the location and operation of emergency equipment installed on the aircraft.
Appendix G.3 RPL Gyroplane category rating flight test
Flight test requirements
An applicant for a recreational pilot licence with gyroplane category rating flight test must demonstrate the following:
(a) knowledge of the topics listed in clause 2;
(b) ability to conduct the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in clause 3, within the operational scope and under the conditions mentioned in clause 4, to the competency standards required under section 12 of this MOS which are relevant to the flight test.
Knowledge requirements
For paragraph 1 (a), the following topics are listed:
(a) privileges and limitations of the recreational pilot licence with gyroplane category rating;
(b) applicability of drug and alcohol regulations;
(c) aircraft instrument requirements for VFR operations;
(d) emergency equipment requirements;
(e) fuel planning and oil requirements for the flight;
(f) managing passengers and the carriage of cargo;
(g) aircraft speed limitations;
(h) aircraft systems.
3 Activities and manoeuvres
3.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the activities and manoeuvres set out in subclauses 3.2 to 3.9 are mentioned.
Note The activities and manoeuvres are not required to be conducted in the order in which they appear in this Appendix.
3.2 Pre-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C2 and C4.
(a) perform pre-flight actions and procedures;
(b) perform pre-flight inspection;
(c) refuel a gyroplane (may be assessed by questioning).
3.3 Ground operations, take-off, departure and climb
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G2 and G3.
(a) complete all relevant checks and procedures;
(b) perform prerotation;
(c) taxi a gyroplane;
(d) plan, brief and conduct take-off and departure procedures;
(e) conduct a cross-wind take-off;
(f) conduct a short-field take-off;
(g) conduct a simulated rough or soft-field take-off;
(h) conduct climbs on constant heading and climbing turns, including at least 2 of the following:
(i) best angle of climb (Vx);
(ii) best rate of climb (Vy);
(iii) cruise climb.
3.4 En route cruise
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code G3.
(a) maintain straight and level flight, and turn a gyroplane;
(b) navigate and transit from a circuit area to a training area and return;
(c) operate safely in local area airspace;
(d) establish and maintain cruise flight for at least 1 of the following configurations:
(i) turbulence;
(ii) high speed.
3.5 Test specific activities and manoeuvres
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G5 and G6.
(a) enter and recover from each of the following flight conditions:
(i) a spiral descent;
(ii) level flight on the backside of the power curve;
(iii) flight behind the power curve;
(iv) conduct steep-level turns of at least 45˚ angle of bank;
(b) manage an engine failure after take-off;
(c) conduct a precautionary search;
(d) manage the following malfunctions:
(i) a malfunction during start or shutdown;
(ii) any 1 of the following that is not performed under subparagraph (i):
(A) an aircraft system malfunction;
(B) engine or cabin fire;
(C) radio failure;
(e) perform a forced landing.
3.6 Descent and arrival
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code G3.
(a) conduct descents maintaining constant heading and descending turns;
(b) plan and conduct aerodrome arrival and circuit joining procedures.
3.7 Circuit, approach and landing
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, G4 and G6.
(a) conduct normal circuit pattern, approach and landing;
(b) conduct a cross-wind landing;
(c) conduct a short-field landing;
(d) perform a go-around procedure;
(e) perform after-landing actions and procedures.
3.8 Shutdown and post-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1 and C2.
(a) park, shutdown and secure a gyroplane;
(b) complete post-flight administration.
3.9 General requirements
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, C1, C4, C5, NTS1 and NTS2.
(a) maintain an effective lookout;
(b) maintain situational awareness;
(c) assess situations and make appropriate decisions;
(d) set priorities and manage tasks effectively;
(e) maintain effective communication and interpersonal relationships;
(f) recognise and manage threats;
(g) recognise and manage errors;
(h) recognise and manage undesired aircraft states;
(i) communicate effectively using appropriate procedures for the airspace being used during the test;
(j) manage the aircraft systems required for the flight;
(k) manage the fuel system and monitor the fuel plan and fuel usage during the flight;
(l) manage passengers and the carriage of cargo.
Operational scope and conditions
4.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the following operational scope applies to the flight test:
(a) managing an aircraft system, which is not required for the flight, is not an assessable item unless the applicant uses the system during the flight;
(b) simulated carriage of passengers and cargo;
(c) simulated private local area operation;
(d) operating in Class G airspace at a non-towered aerodrome;
(e) emergencies and abnormal situations relating to aircraft systems, powerplants and the airframe are simulated and limited to those described in the aircraft flight manual.
4.2 For paragraph 1 (b), the following conditions apply to the flight test:
(a) activities and manoeuvres are performed in accordance with published procedures;
(b) must be conducted in a gyroplane;
(c) must be conducted by day under the VFR;
(d) operating at a non-towered aerodrome may be simulated if the test is conducted at a controlled aerodrome;
(e) if the aerodrome cross-wind conditions for the runway used during the test are less than 70% of the maximum in the aircraft flight manual, evidence that the applicant has demonstrated competency performing cross-wind take-off and landing manoeuvres can be taken from the applicant’s training records.
Appendix H.4 PPL Gyroplane category rating flight test
Flight test requirements
An applicant for a private pilot licence with gyroplane category rating flight test must demonstrate the following:
(a) knowledge of the topics listed in clause 2;
(b) ability to conduct the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in clause 3, within the operational scope and under the conditions mentioned in clause 4, to the competency standards required under section 12 of this MOS which are relevant to the flight test.
Knowledge requirements
For paragraph 1 (a), the following topics are listed:
(a) privileges and limitations of the private pilot licence with gyroplane category rating;
(b) applicability of drug and alcohol regulations;
(c) aircraft instrument requirements for VFR operations;
(d) emergency equipment requirements;
(e) requirements for landing areas and aerodromes;
(f) GNSS and its use in VFR navigation;
(g) fuel planning and oil requirements for the flight;
(h) loading and unloading fuel;
(i) managing passengers and the carriage of cargo;
(j) aircraft loading system;
(k) aircraft performance and landing calculations;
(l) pilot maintenance authorisations;
(m) gyroplane speed limitations;
(n) aircraft systems;
(o) activities and manoeuvres.
Activities and manoeuvres
3.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the activities and manoeuvres set out in subclauses 3.2 to 3.9 are mentioned.
Note The activities and manoeuvres are not required to be conducted in the order in which they appear in this Appendix.
3.2 Pre-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C2, C4 and NAV.
(a) perform pre-flight actions and procedures;
(b) perform the pre-flight inspection;
(c) refuel a gyroplane (may be assessed by questioning).
3.3 Ground operations, take-off, departure and climb
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G2, G3, C3 and NAV.
(a) complete all relevant checks and procedures;
(b) taxi a gyroplane;
(c) plan, brief and conduct take-off and departure procedures;
(d) conduct a cross-wind take-off;
(e) conduct a short-field take-off;
(f) conduct climbs on constant heading and climbing turns, including at least 2 of the following:
(i) best angle of climb (Vx);
(ii) best rate of climb (Vy);
(iii) cruise climb.
3.4 En route cruise
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, NAV and RNE.
(a) maintain straight and level flight, and turn gyroplane;
(b) navigate en route;
(c) establish and maintain cruise flight for at least 1 of the following conditions:
(i) turbulence;
(ii) holding;
(iii) range;
(d) navigate at low level;
(e) perform a lost recovery procedure;
(f) perform a diversion procedure;
(g) navigate using instrument navigation systems.
3.5 Test specific activities and manoeuvres
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G5, G6 and C3.
(a) enter and recover from each of the following flight conditions:
(i) a spiral descent;
(ii) level flight on the backside of the power curve;
(iii) flight behind the power curve;
(iv) conduct steep-level turns of at least 45˚ angle of bank;
(b) manage an engine failure after take-off;
(c) conduct a precautionary search;
(d) manage the following malfunctions:
(i) a malfunction during start or shutdown;
(ii) any 1 of the following that is not performed under subparagraph (i):
(A) an aircraft system malfunction;
(B) engine or cabin fire;
(C) radio failure;
(e) perform a forced landing.
3.6 Descent and arrival
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3 and NAV.
(a) conduct descents maintaining constant heading and descending turns;
(b) plan and conduct aerodrome arrival and circuit joining procedures.
3.7 Circuit, approach and landing
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, G4 and G6.
(a) conduct normal circuit pattern, approach and landing;
(b) conduct a cross-wind landing;
(c) conduct short-field landing approaches and landings;
(d) perform a go-around procedure;
(e) perform after-landing actions and procedures.
3.8 Shutdown and post-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1 and C2.
(a) park, shutdown and secure a gyroplane;
(b) complete post-flight administration.
3.9 General requirements
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C1, C3, C4, C5, CTA, CTR, OGA, ONTA, NAV, NTS1 and NTS2.
(a) maintain an effective lookout;
(b) maintain situational awareness;
(c) assess situations and make appropriate decisions;
(d) set priorities and manage tasks effectively;
(e) maintain effective communication and interpersonal relationships;
(f) recognise and manage threats;
(g) recognise and manage errors;
(h) recognise and manage undesired aircraft states;
(i) operate in controlled airspace;
(j) operate in Class G airspace;
(k) operate at a controlled aerodrome;
(l) operate at a non-towered aerodrome;
(m) communicate effectively using appropriate procedures for the airspace being used during the test;
(n) manage the aircraft systems required for the flight;
(o) manage the fuel system and monitor the fuel plan and fuel usage during the flight;
(p) manage passengers and the carriage of cargo.
Operational scope and conditions
4.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the following operational scope applies to the flight test:
(a) managing an aircraft system, which is not required for the flight, is not an assessable item unless the applicant uses the system during the flight;
(b) simulated carriage of passengers and cargo;
(c) simulated private cross-country operation;
(d) operating in Class G and controlled airspace;
(e) emergencies and abnormal situations relating to aircraft systems, powerplants and the airframe are simulated and limited to those described in the aircraft flight manual.
4.2 For paragraph 1 (b), the following conditions apply to the flight test:
(a) activities and manoeuvres are performed in accordance with published procedures;
(b) must be conducted in a gyroplane;
(c) must be conducted by day under the VFR;
(d) the flight must include:
(i) operating in Class G airspace and in controlled airspace; and
(ii) operating at a non-towered aerodrome and a controlled aerodrome;
(e) if the area where the test is conducted does not have controlled airspace or a controlled aerodrome, or they are unavailable, operating in controlled airspace or at a controlled aerodrome may be simulated, as applicable;
(f) if the aerodrome cross-wind conditions for the runway used during the test are less than 70% of the maximum in the aircraft flight manual, evidence that the applicant has demonstrated competency performing cross-wind take-off and landing manoeuvres can be taken from the applicant’s training records.
Appendix I.4 CPL Gyroplane category rating flight test
Flight test requirements
An applicant for a commercial pilot licence with gyroplane category rating flight test must demonstrate the following:
(a) knowledge of the topics listed in clause 2;
(b) ability to conduct the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in clause 3, within the operational scope and under the conditions mentioned in clause 4, to the competency standards required under section 12 of this MOS which are relevant to the flight test.
Knowledge requirements
For paragraph 1 (a), the following topics are listed:
(a) privileges and limitations of the commercial pilot licence with gyroplane category rating;
(b) requirements for an AOC;
(c) classification of operations;
(d) type of information contained in an aircraft flight manual;
(e) flight and duty time limits;
(f) applicability of drug and alcohol regulations;
(g) aircraft instrument requirements for day VFR commercial operations;
(h) emergency equipment requirements;
(i) requirements for landing areas and aerodromes;
(j) GNSS and its use in VFR navigation;
(k) fuel planning and oil requirements for the flight;
(l) loading and unloading fuel;
(m) managing passengers and the carriage of cargo;
(n) aircraft loading system;
(o) normal and abnormal operation of the propeller system fitted to the gyroplane that is being used for the test;
(p) aircraft performance and landing calculations;
(q) pilot maintenance authorisations;
(r) gyroplane speed limitations;
(s) aircraft systems.
Activities and manoeuvres
3.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the activities and manoeuvres set out in subclauses 3.2 to 3.9 are mentioned.
Note The activities and manoeuvres are not required to be conducted in the order in which they appear in this Appendix.
3.2 Pre-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C2, C4 and NAV.
(a) perform pre-flight actions and procedures;
(b) perform a pre-flight inspection;
(c) refuel a gyroplane (may be assessed by questioning).
3.3 Ground operations, take-off, departure and climb
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G2, G3, C3 and NAV.
(a) complete all the relevant checks and procedures;
(b) taxi a gyroplane;
(c) plan, brief and conduct take-off and departure procedures;
(d) conduct a cross-wind take-off;
(e) conduct a short-field take-off;
(f) conduct climbs on constant heading and climbing turns, including at least 2 of the following:
(i) best angle of climb (Vx);
(ii) best rate of climb (Vy);
(iii) cruise climb.
3.4 En route cruise
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, NAV and RNE.
(a) maintain straight and level flight, and turn gyroplane;
(b) navigate en route;
(c) establish and maintain cruise flight for at least 1 of the following conditions:
(i) turbulence;
(ii) holding;
(iii) range;
(d) navigate at low level;
(e) perform a lost recovery procedure;
(f) perform a diversion procedure;
(g) navigate using instrument navigation systems.
3.5 Test specific activities and manoeuvres
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G5, G6 and C3.
(a) enter and recover from each of the following flight conditions:
(i) a spiral descent;
(ii) level flight on backside of the power curve;
(iii) flight behind the power curve;
(iv) conduct steep-level turns of at least 45˚ angle of bank;
(b) manage an engine failure after take-off;
(c) conduct a precautionary search;
(d) manage the following malfunctions:
(i) a malfunction during start or shutdown;
(ii) any 1 of the following that is not performed under subparagraph (i):
(A) an aircraft system malfunction;
(B) engine or cabin fire;
(C) radio failure;
(e) perform a forced landing.
3.6 Descent and arrival
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3 and NAV.
(a) conduct descents maintaining constant heading and descending turns;
(b) plan and conduct aerodrome arrival and circuit joining procedures.
3.7 Circuit, approach and landing
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, G4 and G6.
(a) conduct normal circuit pattern, approach and landing;
(b) conduct a cross-wind landing;
(c) conduct short-field landing;
(d) perform a go-around procedure;
(e) perform after-landing actions and procedures.
3.8 Shutdown and post-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1 and C2.
(a) park, shutdown and secure a gyroplane;
(b) complete post-flight administration.
3.9 General requirements
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, C1, C3, C4, C5, CTA, CTR, OGA, ONTA, NAV, NTS1 and NTS2.
(a) maintain an effective lookout;
(b) maintain situational awareness;
(c) assess situations and make appropriate decisions;
(d) set priorities and manage tasks effectively;
(e) maintain effective communication and interpersonal relationships;
(f) recognise and manage threats;
(g) recognise and manage errors;
(h) recognise and manage undesired aircraft states;
(i) operate in controlled airspace;
(j) operate in Class G airspace;
(k) operate at a controlled aerodrome;
(l) operate at a non-towered aerodrome;
(m) communicate effectively using appropriate procedures for the airspace being used during the test;
(n) manage the aircraft systems required for the flight;
(o) manage the fuel system and monitor the fuel plan and fuel usage during the flight;
(p) manage passengers and the carriage of cargo.
Operational scope and conditions
4.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the following operational scope applies to the flight test:
(a) managing an aircraft system, which is not required for the flight, is not an assessable item unless the applicant uses the system during the flight;
(b) simulated carriage of passengers and cargo;
(c) simulated charter cross-country operation with 1 sector to a small feature turning point or remote aerodrome;
(d) operating in Class G and controlled airspace;
(e) emergencies and abnormal situations relating to aircraft systems, powerplants and the airframe are simulated and limited to those described in the aircraft flight manual.
4.2 For paragraph 1 (b), the following conditions apply to the flight test:
(a) activities and manoeuvres are performed in accordance with published procedures;
(b) the gyroplane used for the flight test must have a powerplant with 1 of the following:
(i) turbine engine with propeller;
(ii) piston engine with fixed or variable-pitch propeller;
(c) must be conducted by day under the VFR;
(d) must include:
(i) operating in Class G airspace and in controlled airspace; and
(ii) operating at a non-towered aerodrome and a controlled aerodrome;
(e) if the area where the test is conducted does not have controlled airspace or a controlled aerodrome, or they are unavailable, operating in controlled airspace or at a controlled aerodrome may be simulated, as applicable;
(f) if the aerodrome cross-wind conditions for the runway used during the test are less than 70% of the maximum in the aircraft flight manual, evidence that the applicant has demonstrated competency performing cross-wind take-off and landing manoeuvres can be taken from the applicant’s training records.
Appendix L.3 Single-engine gyroplane class rating flight test
Flight test requirements
1.1 An applicant for a single-engine gyroplane class rating flight test must demonstrate the following:
(a) knowledge of the topics listed in clause 2;
(b) ability to conduct the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in clause 3, within the operational scope and under the conditions mentioned in clause 4, to the competency standards required under section 12 of this MOS which are relevant to the flight test.
1.2 An applicant who completes a flight test in a gyroplane covered by the single-engine gyroplane class rating and meets the flight test standard for the grant of a pilot licence with gyroplane category rating is taken to meet these flight test requirements.
Knowledge requirements
For paragraph 1.1 (a), the following topics are listed:
(a) privileges and limitations of the class rating;
(b) flight review requirements;
(c) navigation and operating systems;
(d) normal, abnormal and emergency flight procedures;
(e) operating limitations;
(f) weight and balance limitations;
(g) aircraft performance data, including take-off and landing performance data;
(h) flight planning.
Activities and manoeuvres
3.1 For paragraph 1.1 (b), the activities and manoeuvres set out in subclauses 3.2 to 3.9 are mentioned.
Note The activities and manoeuvres are not required to be conducted in the order in which they appear in this Appendix.
3.2 Pre-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C2 and C4.
(a) perform pre-flight actions and procedures;
(b) perform a pre-flight inspection;
(c) refuel a gyroplane (may be assessed by questioning).
3.3 Ground operations, take-off, departure and climb
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G2 and G3.
(a) complete all relevant checks and procedures;
(b) taxi a gyroplane;
(c) plan, brief and conduct take-off and departure procedures;
(d) conduct a cross-wind take-off;
(e) conduct a short-field take-off;
(f) conduct climbs on constant heading and climbing turns, including at least 2 of the following performance configurations:
(i) best angle of climb (Vx);
(ii) best rate of climb (Vy);
(iii) cruise climb.
3.4 En route cruise
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code G3.
(a) maintain straight and level flight, and turn a gyroplane;
(b) navigate and transit from an aerodrome circuit area to a training area and return;
(c) operate safely in local area airspace;
(d) establish and maintain cruise flight for at least 1 of the following conditions:
(i) turbulence;
(ii) high speed.
3.5 Test specific activities and manoeuvres
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G5 and G6.
(a) enter and recover from each of the following, 1 of which must be in the approach configuration:
(i) a spiral descent;
(ii) flight behind the power curve/minimum level flight speed;
(b) conduct steep-level turns of at least 45˚ angle of bank;
(c) manage an engine failure after take-off;
(d) manage the following malfunctions:
(i) a malfunction during start or shutdown;
(ii) any 1 of the following that is not performed under subparagraph (i):
(A) an aircraft system malfunction;
(B) engine or cabin fire;
(C) radio failure;
(e) perform a forced landing.
3.6 Descent and arrival
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code G3.
(a) conduct descents and descending turns;
(b) plan and conduct aerodrome arrival and circuit joining procedures.
3.7 Circuit, approach and landing
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, G4 and G6.
(a) conduct normal circuit pattern, approach and landing;
(b) conduct a cross-wind landing;
(c) conduct short-field landings;
(d) conduct simulated rough or soft-field take-off;
(e) perform a go-around procedure;
(f) perform after-landing actions and procedures.
3.8 Shutdown and post-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1 and C2.
(a) park, shutdown and secure a gyroplane;
(b) complete post-flight administration.
3.9 General requirements
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, C1, C4, C5, NTS1 and NTS2.
(a) maintain an effective lookout;
(b) maintain situational awareness;
(c) assess situations and make appropriate decisions;
(d) set priorities and manage tasks effectively;
(e) maintain effective communication and interpersonal relationships;
(f) recognise and manage threats;
(g) recognise and manage errors;
(h) recognise and manage undesired aircraft states;
(i) communicate effectively using appropriate procedures for airspace being used during the test;
(j) manage the aircraft systems required for the flight;
(k) manage the fuel system and monitor the fuel plan and fuel usage during the test;
(l) manage passengers and the carriage of cargo.
Operational scope and conditions
4.1 For paragraph 1.1 (b), the following operational scope applies to the flight test:
(a) managing an aircraft system, which is not required for the flight, is not an assessable item unless the applicant uses the system during the flight;
(b) simulated carriage of passengers and cargo;
(c) simulated private local area operation;
(d) operating in Class G airspace, at a non-towered aerodrome;
(e) emergencies and abnormal situations relating to aircraft systems, powerplants and the airframe are simulated and limited to those described in the aircraft flight manual.
4.2 For paragraph 1.1 (b), the following conditions apply to the flight test:
(a) activities and manoeuvres are performed in accordance with published procedures;
(b) conducted in:
(i) a gyroplane that is covered by the single-engine gyroplane class rating, except where the flight test must be conducted in an approved flight simulator in accordance with subregulation 61.245 (2); or
(ii) a flight simulator approved for the purpose;
(c) conducted by day under the VFR;
(d) if the aerodrome cross-wind conditions for the runway used during the test are less than 70% of the maximum in the aircraft flight manual, evidence that the applicant has demonstrated competency performing cross-wind take-off and landing manoeuvres can be taken from the applicant’s training records.
[49] Schedule 5, Section L, after Appendix L.7, Single-engine helicopter type rating flight test
insert
Appendix L.7A Gyroplane type rating flight test
Flight test requirements
1.1 An applicant for a gyroplane type rating flight test must demonstrate the following:
(a) knowledge of the topics listed in clause 2;
(b) ability to conduct the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in clause 3, within the operational scope and under the conditions mentioned in clause 4, to the competency standards required under section 12 of this MOS which are relevant to the flight test.
1.2 An applicant who completes a flight test in a gyroplane covered by the gyroplane type rating and meets the flight test standard for the grant of a pilot licence with gyroplane category rating is taken to meet these flight test requirements.
Knowledge requirements
For paragraph 1.1 (a), the following topics are listed:
(a) privileges and limitations of the type rating;
(b) flight review requirements;
(c) navigation and operating systems;
(d) normal, abnormal and emergency flight procedures;
(e) operating limitations;
(f) weight and balance limitations;
(g) aircraft performance data, including take-off and landing performance data;
(h) flight planning.
Activities and manoeuvres
3.1 For paragraph 1.1 (b), the activities and manoeuvres set out in subclauses 3.2 to 3.9 are mentioned.
Note The activities and manoeuvres are not required to be conducted in the order in which they appear in this Appendix.
3.2 Pre-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C2 and C4.
(a) perform pre-flight actions and procedures;
(b) perform a pre-flight inspection;
(c) refuel a gyroplane (may be assessed by questioning).
3.3 Ground operations, take-off, departure and climb
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G2 and G3.
(a) complete all relevant checks and procedures;
(b) taxi a gyroplane;
(c) plan, brief and conduct take-off and departure procedures;
(d) conduct a cross-wind take-off;
(e) conduct a short-field take-off;
(f) conduct climbs on constant heading and climbing turns, including at least 2 of the following performance configurations:
(i) best angle of climb (Vx);
(ii) best rate of climb (Vy);
(iii) cruise climb.
3.4 En route cruise
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code G3.
(a) maintain straight and level flight, and turn a gyroplane;
(b) navigate and transit from an aerodrome circuit area to a training area and return;
(c) operate safely in local area airspace;
(d) establish and maintain cruise flight for at least 1 of the following conditions:
(i) turbulence;
(ii) high speed.
3.5 Test specific activities and manoeuvres
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1, G5 and G6.
(a) enter and recover from each of the following, 1 of which must be in the approach configuration:
(i) a spiral descent;
(ii) flight behind the power curve/minimum level flight speed;
(b) conduct steep-level turns of at least 45˚ angle of bank;
(c) manage an engine failure after take-off;
(d) manage the following malfunctions:
(i) a malfunction during start or shutdown;
(ii) any 1 of the following that is not performed under subparagraph (i):
(A) an aircraft system malfunction;
(B) engine or cabin fire;
(C) radio failure;
(e) perform a forced landing.
3.6 Descent and arrival
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code G3.
(a) conduct descents and descending turns;
(b) plan and conduct aerodrome arrival and circuit joining procedures.
3.7 Circuit, approach and landing
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, G4 and G6.
(a) conduct normal circuit pattern, approach and landing;
(b) conduct a cross-wind landing;
(c) conduct short-field landings;
(d) conduct simulated rough or soft-field take-off;
(e) perform a go-around procedure;
(f) perform after-landing actions and procedures.
3.8 Shutdown and post-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G1 and C2.
(a) park, shutdown and secure a gyroplane;
(b) complete post-flight administration.
3.9 General requirements
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes G3, C4, NTS1 and NTS2.
(a) maintain an effective lookout;
(b) maintain situational awareness;
(c) assess situations and make appropriate decisions;
(d) set priorities and manage tasks effectively;
(e) maintain effective communication and interpersonal relationships;
(f) recognise and manage threats;
(g) recognise and manage errors;
(h) recognise and manage undesired aircraft states;
(i) communicate effectively using appropriate procedures for airspace being used during the test;
(j) manage the aircraft systems required for the flight;
(k) manage the fuel system and monitor the fuel plan and fuel usage during the test;
(l) manage passengers and the carriage of cargo.
Operational scope and conditions
4.1 For paragraph 1.1 (b), the following operational scope applies to the flight test:
(a) managing an aircraft system, which is not required for the flight, is not an assessable item unless the applicant uses the system during the flight;
(b) simulated carriage of passengers and cargo;
(c) simulated private local area operation;
(d) operating in Class G airspace, at a non-towered aerodrome;
(e) emergencies and abnormal situations relating to aircraft systems, powerplants and the airframe are simulated and limited to those described in the aircraft flight manual.
4.2 For paragraph 1.1 (b), the following conditions apply to the flight test:
(a) activities and manoeuvres are performed in accordance with published procedures;
(b) conducted in:
(i) a gyroplane that is covered by the gyroplane type rating, except where the flight test must be conducted in an approved flight simulator in accordance with subregulation 61.245 (2); or
(ii) a flight simulator approved for the purpose;
(c) conducted by day under the VFR;
(d) if the aerodrome cross-wind conditions for the runway used during the test are less than 70% of the maximum in the aircraft flight manual, evidence that the applicant has demonstrated competency performing cross-wind take-off and landing manoeuvres can be taken from the applicant’s training records.
[50] Schedule 5, Section Q, Appendix Q.1 Low-level rating flight test
substitute
Appendix Q.1 Low-level rating flight test
Flight test requirements
An applicant for a low-level rating flight test must demonstrate the following:
(a) knowledge of the topics listed in clause 2, which are relevant to the endorsements that are being assessed during the test;
(b) ability to conduct the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in clause 3, within the operational scope and under the conditions mentioned in clause 4, to the competency standards under section 12 of this MOS that are relevant to the endorsements that are being assessed during the test.
Knowledge requirements
For paragraph 1 (a), the following topics are listed:
(a) privileges and limitations of a low-level rating and each of the endorsements included in the test;
(b) flight review requirements;
(c) the limitations of GNSS;
(d) wind effect at low level and associated flying conditions;
(e) analysis of actual and forecast weather relevant to low-level operations;
(f) effect of mountainous terrain on airflow and associated flying conditions;
(g) assessment of the geographical characteristics of an area where flying operations are to be conducted to ensure the task can be completed safely;
(h) hazards associated with low flying and how to identify them before and during a low-level operation;
(i) effects of extreme environmental conditions on pilot health and performance;
(j) effects of fatigue and physical health on pilot performance;
(k) risk assessment techniques;
(l) managing risks at low level;
(m) aircraft performance, including the following:
(i) maximum rate turning;
(ii) minimum radius turning;
(iii) best angle of climb;
(iv) best rate of climb;
(v) 1 engine inoperative performance and manoeuvring (if applicable).
3 Activities and manoeuvres
3.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the activities and manoeuvres set out in subclauses 3.2 to 3.9 are mentioned.
Note The activities and manoeuvres are not required to be conducted in the order in which they appear in this Appendix.
3.2 Pre-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C2 and LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) plan a low-level operation;
(b) identify hazards and manage risks;
(c) ensure performance capability of the aircraft;
(d) consult and brief all stakeholders about the proposed operation;
(e) perform pre-flight actions and procedures.
3.3 Ground operations, take-off, departure and climb
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C3, NAV, and A1, A2 and A3 or G1, G2, G3 and G4 or H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5 (as applicable).
(a) complete all relevant checks and procedures;
(b) plan, brief and conduct take-off and departure procedures.
3.4 En route cruise
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes NAV, and A3 and LL-A, or G3 and LL-G, or H5 and LL-H (as applicable).
Conduct appropriate checks and procedures before descending below 500 ft AGL.
3.5 Test specific activities and manoeuvres
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (primary), LL-M, LL-SO and LL-WR (as required).
(a) navigate at low level;
(b) identify and use escape routes;
(c) identify, and operate in the vicinity of, powerlines and wires;
(d) operate in hilly terrain;
(e) manage wind effects, sloping terrain, false horizons and sun glare;
(f) for the aeroplane low-level endorsement, do the following:
(i) conduct steep turns, maximum rate turn and minimum radius turn;
(ii) conduct procedure turns;
(iii) recover from approach to stalls – level and turning;
(iv) recover from high energy and low energy unusual attitudes;
(v) for a test that is conducted in a single-engine aeroplane:
(A) recover from a wing drop at the stall; and
(B) perform a forced landing;
(vi) for a test that is conducted in a multi-engine aeroplane, manage an engine failure;
(g) for the helicopter low-level endorsement, do the following:
(i) conduct steep turns;
(ii) manoeuvre the helicopter at low level and conduct flight at various speeds and configurations;
(iii) for a flight test that is conducted in a single-engine helicopter, perform a forced landing;
(iv) for a flight test that is conducted in a multi-engine helicopter, manage an engine failure;
(v) perform quick stop manoeuvres into wind and downwind;
(vi) recover from high energy and low energy unusual attitudes;
(h) for the gyroplane low-level endorsement, do the following:
(i) enter and recover from the following:
(A) a spiral descent;
(B) flight behind the power curve/minimum level flight speed;
(ii) perform a forced landing;
(i) for the aerial mustering endorsement, do the following:
(i) plan a stock-mustering operation;
(ii) manoeuvre the aircraft in all planes below 500 ft AGL;
(iii) perform climbing, descending, low-speed and high-speed manoeuvres;
(iv) perform reversal turns, decelerations and steep turns;
(v) conduct stock mustering operations;
(j) for the sling operations endorsement, do the following:
(i) prepare for an external sling load operation;
(ii) plan an external sling load operation and conduct pre-flight briefings;
(iii) operate the aircraft during external load operations;
(iv) manage abnormal and emergency situations during external load operations;
(k) for the winch and rappelling operations endorsement, do the following:
(i) plan a winch or rappelling operation and conduct pre-flight briefings;
(ii) operate the helicopter during a winch or rappelling operation;
(iii) manage abnormal and emergency situations during a winch or rappelling operation;
(iv) conduct post-flight activities.
3.6 Descent and arrival
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes NAV and A3, G3 or H5 (as applicable).
Plan and conduct an arrival and circuit joining procedures.
3.7 Circuit, approach and landing
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes A3 and A4, or G2, G3 and G4, or H2, H3 and H4 (as applicable).
(a) conduct a low-level circuit, approach and landing;
(b) perform after landing actions and procedures.
3.8 Shutdown and post-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes C2 and A1, G1 or H1 (as applicable).
(a) park, shutdown and secure the aircraft;
(b) complete post-flight administration.
3.9 General requirements
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes NTS1 and NTS2, and LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) maintain an effective lookout;
(b) maintain situational awareness;
(c) assess situations and make appropriate decisions;
(d) set priorities and manage tasks;
(e) maintain effective communication and interpersonal relationships;
(f) recognise and manage threats;
(g) recognise and manage errors;
(h) recognise and manage undesired aircraft state;
(i) communicate effectively using appropriate procedures for the airspace being used for the test;
(j) manage the aircraft systems required for the flight;
(k) manage the fuel system and monitor the fuel plan and fuel usage during the test.
Operational scope and conditions
4.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the following operational scope applies to the flight test:
(a) managing an aircraft system, which is not required for the flight, is not an assessable item unless it is used by the applicant;
(b) conduct a low-level operation;
(c) the applicant is only required to demonstrate competency in the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in paragraphs 3.5 (f) to (k) that are applicable to the endorsements covered by the flight test;
(d) emergencies and abnormal situations relating to aircraft systems, powerplants and the airframe are simulated and limited to those described in the aircraft flight manual.
4.2 For paragraph 1 (b), the following conditions apply to the flight test:
(a) activities and manoeuvres are performed in accordance with published procedures;
(b) the aircraft must be certified for the operations that apply to the endorsement the flight test is for;
(c) must be conducted by day under the VFR.
[51] Schedule 5, Section R, Appendix R.1 Aerial application rating and aerial application endorsement flight test
substitute
Appendix R.1 Aerial application rating and aerial application endorsement flight test
Flight test requirements
An applicant for an aerial application rating flight test must demonstrate the following:
(a) knowledge of the topics listed in clause 2, which are relevant to the endorsements that are being assessed during the test;
(b) ability to conduct the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in clause 3, within the operational scope and under the conditions mentioned in clause 4, to the competency standards under section 12 of this MOS, which are relevant to the endorsements that are being assessed during the test.
Knowledge requirements
For paragraph 1 (a), the following topics are listed:
(a) privileges and limitations of an aerial application rating and the aerial application endorsement included in the test;
(b) proficiency check requirements;
(c) limitations of GNSS;
(d) wind effect at low level and associated flying conditions;
(e) analysis of actual and forecast weather relevant to application operations;
(f) the effect of mountainous terrain on airflow and associated flying conditions;
(g) assessment of the geographical characteristics of the area of flying operations to ensure safe completion of the task;
(h) the hazards associated with low flying and how to identify them before and during a low-level operation;
(i) the effects of extreme environmental conditions on pilot health and performance;
(j) the effects of fatigue and physical health on pilot performance;
(k) risk assessment techniques;
(l) managing risks at low level;
(m) aircraft performance, including where appropriate for the category of the aircraft used for the test:
(i) maximum rate turning; and
(ii) minimum radius turning; and
(iii) best angle of climb; and
(iv) best rate of climb; and
(v) 1 engine inoperative performance and manoeuvring (if applicable).
Activities and manoeuvres
3.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the activities and manoeuvres set out in subclauses 3.2 to 3.9 are mentioned.
Note The activities and manoeuvres are not required to be conducted in the order in which they appear in this Appendix.
3.2 Pre-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes AA1 and AA2.
(a) plan an application operation;
(b) identify hazards and manage risks;
(c) ensure the performance capability of the aircraft being used is adequate for the operation;
(d) consult with and brief stakeholders;
(e) perform pre-flight actions and procedures.
3.3 Ground operations, take-off, departure and climb
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes LL-A, LL-G and LL-H (as applicable).
(a) complete all relevant checks and procedures;
(b) plan, brief and conduct take-off and departure procedures.
3.4 En route cruise
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
Conduct appropriate checks and procedures before descending below 500 ft AGL.
3.5 Test specific activities and manoeuvres
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes AA1, AA2 and LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) for a day aerial application endorsement (all aircraft categories) at low level do the following:
(i) perform straight flight, steep turns and procedure turns;
(ii) navigate;
(iii) manage wind effects, sloping and hilly terrain, false horizons and sun glare;
(iv) demonstrate the use of escape routes;
(v) recover from high energy and low energy unusual attitude conditions;
(vi) for the following:
(A) if the test is conducted in a single-engine aircraft, perform a forced landing;
(B) if the test is conducted in a multi-engine aircraft, manage an engine failure;
(vii) fly to, assess, land and take off from an operational airstrip or HLS;
(viii) fly between an operational airstrip or HLS and an application area;
(ix) conduct an aerial survey of an application area;
(x) conduct operations over and under powerlines;
(xi) apply substances;
(xii) operate aircraft using GNSS swath guidance equipment (if fitted);
(xiii) operate at low level in hilly terrain;
(xiv) jettison a load;
(b) for an aeroplane aerial application endorsement, at low level, do the following in an aeroplane:
(i) conduct maximum rate turns and minimum radius turns;
(ii) recognise and avoid the stall and recover from a simulated low-altitude stall;
(iii) for single-engine aeroplanes, recover from a wing drop at the stall;
(iv) conduct an application operation at a certified aerodrome (if available);
(v) manage abnormal and emergency situations;
(c) for a helicopter aerial application endorsement, do the following:
(i) manoeuvre the helicopter at low level and conduct flight at various speeds and configurations;
(ii) perform quick-stop manoeuvres into wind and downwind;
(iii) manage risks associated with operating a helicopter during application operations;
(d) for a gyroplane aerial application endorsement, do the following:
(i) enter and recover from the following:
(A) maximum rate turns and minimum radius turns;
(B) a spiral descent;
(C) flight behind the power curve/minimum level flight speed;
(ii) manoeuvre the gyroplane at low level and conduct flight at various speeds and configurations;
(e) for a firefighting endorsement (all categories), do the following:
(i) demonstrate awareness of relevant human factors;
(ii) perform pre-flight actions relevant to firefighting operations;
(iii) demonstrate understanding of fire agency procedures, fire traffic management and other aircraft separation procedures that apply to firefighting operations;
(iv) plan for and manage applicable operational risks;
(v) fly to, assess, land and take off from an operational airstrip or HLS or pick-up point;
(vi) fly between operational airstrip or HLS and drop zone;
(vii) conduct an aerial survey of a fire area;
(viii) apply substances;
(ix) operate aircraft at maximum permissible weights for fire operations;
(x) operate at low level in hilly terrain;
(xi) operate in high winds, high-density altitude and high turbulence;
(xii) conduct low-visibility operations;
(xiii) manage abnormal and emergency situations during a firebombing operation in the vicinity of a fire ground;
(xiv) jettison load safely;
(f) for a helicopter firefighting endorsement, do the following:
(i) replenish helicopter load with snorkel or bucket;
(ii) manage known helicopter risks during firefighting operations;
(g) for a night aerial application operation endorsement, do the following in a relevant aircraft (as applicable):
(i) check the serviceability of the aircraft and the equipment to be used;
(ii) conduct a risk assessment for the operation;
(iii) conduct the pre-flight actions;
(iv) determine whether an airstrip or HLS is suitable for night operations;
(v) conduct a take-off and landing at night at an airstrip or HLS remote from ground lighting;
(vi) transit from an airstrip to the treatment area;
(vii) operate work lights to illuminate the treatment area.
3.6 Descent and arrival
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
Plan and conduct an arrival and circuit joining procedures.
3.7 Circuit, approach and landing
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) conduct a low-level circuit, approach and landing (day only);
(b) perform after-landing actions and procedures.
3.8 Shutdown and post-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) park, shutdown and secure the aircraft;
(b) complete post-flight administration.
3.9 General requirements
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable), NTS1 and NTS2.
(a) maintain an effective lookout;
(b) maintain situational awareness;
(c) assess situations and make appropriate decisions;
(d) set priorities and manage tasks effectively;
(e) maintain effective communication and interpersonal relationships;
(f) recognise and manage threats;
(g) recognise and manage errors;
(h) recognise and manage undesired aircraft states;
(i) communicate effectively using appropriate procedures for the airspace being used during the test;
(j) manage the aircraft systems required for the flight;
(k) manage the fuel system and monitor the fuel plan and fuel usage during the flight.
Operational scope and conditions
4.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the following operational scope applies to the flight test:
(a) managing an aircraft system, which is not required for the flight, is not an assessable item unless the applicant uses the system during the flight;
(b) conduct operations that are relevant to the endorsements being assessed;
(c) emergencies and abnormal situations relating to aircraft systems, powerplants and the airframe are simulated and limited to those described in the aircraft flight manual.
4.2 For paragraph 1 (b), the following conditions apply to the aerial application rating flight test:
(a) conducted in an aircraft that is suitable for the endorsements being assessed in the test (refer subregulation 61.1115 (2));
(b) conducted by day under the VFR except where the test is for a night endorsement;
(c) the aircraft used for an aerial application rating flight test must be of the appropriate category and be capable of being operated for the kind of operations that are covered by the endorsement or endorsements which the flight test is for.
An applicant for an aerial application rating proficiency check must demonstrate the following:
(a) knowledge of the topics listed in clause 2, which are relevant to the endorsement(s) that are being assessed during the check;
(b) ability to conduct the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in clause 3, within the operational scope and under the conditions mentioned in clause 4, to the competency standards required under section 13 of this MOS, which are relevant to the endorsements that are being assessed during the check.
Knowledge requirements
For paragraph 1 (a), the following topics are listed:
(a) privileges and limitations of an aerial application rating and the endorsements held by the applicant;
(b) proficiency check requirements;
(c) limitations of GNSS;
(d) wind effect at low level and associated flying conditions;
(e) analysis of actual and forecast weather relevant to application operations;
(f) the effect of mountainous terrain on airflow and associated flying conditions;
(g) assessment of the geographical characteristics of the area of flying operations to ensure safe completion of the task;
(h) the hazards associated with low flying and how to identify them before and during a low‑level operation;
(i) the effects of extreme environmental conditions on pilot health and performance;
(j) the effects of fatigue and physical health on pilot performance;
(k) risk assessment techniques;
(l) managing risks at low level;
(m) aircraft performance, including where appropriate for the category of the aircraft used for the check:
3.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the activities and manoeuvres set out in subclauses 3.2 to 3.9 are mentioned.
Note The activities and manoeuvres are not required to be conducted in the order in which they appear in this Appendix.
3.2 Pre-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes AA1 and AA2.
(a) perform pre-flight actions and procedures;
(b) plan an application operation;
(c) identify hazards and manage risks;
(d) ensure the performance capability of the aircraft being used is adequate for the operation.
3.3 Ground operations, take-off, departure and climb
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) complete all relevant checks and procedures;
(b) plan, brief and conduct take-off, departure procedure.
3.4 En route cruise
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
Conduct appropriate checks and procedures before descending below 500 ft AGL.
3.5 Check specific activities and manoeuvres
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes AA1, AA2 and LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) at low level, do the following:
(i) manoeuvre at various speeds and configurations;
(ii) navigate;
(iii) apply substances;
(iv) jettison load;
(b) for the aeroplane aerial application endorsement, at low level, do the following:
(i) perform steep turns and procedure turns at or below 500 ft AGL;
(ii) recognise and avoid the stall and recover from a simulated low-altitude stall;
(c) for a check conducted in a single-engine aeroplane or gyroplane, perform a forced landing from below 500 ft AGL;
(d) manage abnormal and emergency situations during low-level operations;
(e) for the firefighting endorsements (all categories), do the following:
(i) demonstrate a thorough understanding of fire agency procedures, fire traffic management and other aircraft separation procedures that apply to firefighting operations;
(ii) conduct an aerial survey of a fire area;
(iii) apply firebombing substances;
(iv) operate aircraft at maximum permissible weights for fire operations;
(v) manage abnormal and emergency situations during a firebombing operation;
(f) for the helicopter firefighting endorsement, replenish the helicopter load with snorkel or bucket (as applicable);
(g) for the gyroplane aerial application endorsement, at low level, do the following:
(i) steep turns and procedure turns at or below 500 ft AGL;
(ii) a spiral descent;
(iii) flight at minimum level flight speed;
(iv) manage abnormal and emergency situations.
3.6 Descent and arrival
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
Plan and conduct descent, arrival and circuit joining procedures.
3.7 Circuit, approach and landing
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) conduct a low-level circuit, approach and landing (day only);
(b) perform after-landing actions and procedures.
3.8 Shutdown and post-flight
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit code LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable).
(a) park, shutdown and secure the aircraft;
(b) complete post-flight administration.
3.9 General requirements
Note The relevant competency standards are in unit codes LL-A, LL-G or LL-H (as applicable), NTS1 and NTS2.
(a) maintain an effective lookout;
(b) maintain situational awareness;
(c) assess situations and make appropriate decisions;
(d) set priorities and manage tasks effectively;
(e) maintain effective communication and interpersonal relationships;
(f) recognise and manage threats;
(g) recognise and manage errors;
(h) recognise and manage undesired aircraft states;
(i) communicate effectively using appropriate procedures for the airspace being used during the test;
(j) manage the aircraft systems required for the flight;
(k) manage the fuel system and monitor the fuel plan and fuel usage during the flight.
Operational scope and conditions
4.1 For paragraph 1 (b), the following operational scope applies to the proficiency check:
(a) managing an aircraft system, which is not required for the flight, is not an assessable item unless the applicant uses the system during the flight;
(b) conducting operations that are relevant to the endorsements being assessed;
(c) the check may be conducted by observation if the check is conducted in a single‑seat aircraft;
(d) emergencies and abnormal situations relating to aircraft systems, powerplants and the airframe are simulated and limited to those described in the AFM.
4.2 For paragraph 1 (b), the following conditions apply to the aerial application rating proficiency check:
(a) conducted in an aircraft that is suitable for the endorsements being assessed in the test (see paragraph 61.1110 (4) (a));
(b) conducted by day under the VFR.
[53] Schedule 7, Appendix L Aircraft rating flight review
substitute
Appendix L Aircraft rating flight review
Flight review requirements
1.1 The flight review requirements for an applicant who does not hold a commercial, multi‑crew pilot or air transport pilot licence are specified in subclause 1.2.
1.2 For subclause 1.1, the applicant must demonstrate competency, in the units of competency mentioned in clause 3, by doing the following:
(a) for manoeuvres in a class-rated aeroplane — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 1 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(b) for manoeuvres in a type-rated aeroplane — performing operations within the tolerances specified in table 2 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(c) for manoeuvres in a class-rated single-engine helicopter — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 3 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(d) for manoeuvres in a type-rated helicopter — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 4 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(e) for manoeuvres in a gyroplane — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 6 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS.
1.3 The flight review requirements for an applicant who holds a commercial, multi-crew pilot or air transport pilot licence are specified in subclause 1.4.
1.4 For subclause 1.3, the applicant must demonstrate competency, in the units of competency mentioned in clause 3, by doing the following:
(a) for manoeuvres in an aeroplane — performing operations within the tolerances specified in table 2 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(b) for manoeuvres in a helicopter — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 4 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(c) for manoeuvres in a gyroplane — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 7 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS.
1.5 For subclauses 1.2 and 1.4, a sustained deviation outside of the applicable flight tolerance is not permitted.
Knowledge requirements
The applicant is required to demonstrate knowledge of the topics specified in clause 4 of each unit of competency mentioned in the table in clause 3, Practical flight standards, except where the topic is not relevant for the particular aircraft rating.
Practical flight standards
Unit code
Unit of competency
Modifications
C1
Communicating in aviation environment
Nil
C2
Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures
Nil
NTS1
Non-technical skills 1
Nil
NTS2
Non-technical skills 2
Nil
FR-SEAC
Single-engine aeroplane class rating flight review
This unit is only required if the flight review is for the single-engine aeroplane class rating.
FR-MEAC
Multi-engine aeroplane class rating flight review
This unit is only required if the flight review is for the multi-engine aeroplane class rating.
FR-SEAT
Single-engine aeroplane type rating flight review
This unit is only required if the flight review is for the single-engine aeroplane type rating.
FR-MEAT
Multi-engine aeroplane type rating flight review
This unit is only required if the flight review is for the multi-engine aeroplane type rating.
FR-SEHT
Single-engine helicopter class rating flight review
This unit is only required if the flight review is for the single-engine helicopter class rating or the single-engine helicopter type rating.
FR-MEHT
Multi-engine helicopter type rating flight review
This unit is only required if the flight review is for the multi-engine helicopter type rating.
FR-SEGC
Single-engine gyroplane class rating flight review
This unit is only required if the flight review is for the single-engine gyroplane class rating.
[54] Schedule 7, Appendix O Night VFR rating flight review
substitute
Appendix O Night VFR rating flight review
Flight review requirements
1.1 An applicant for a night VFR rating flight review must demonstrate competency, in the units of competency mentioned in clause 3, by doing the following:
(a) conducting an operation at night under the VFR;
(b) for manoeuvres in an aeroplane — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 1 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(c) for manoeuvres in a helicopter — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 3 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(d) for manoeuvres in a gyroplane — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 6 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS.
1.2 However, for paragraphs 1.1 (b) and (c), a sustained deviation outside of the applicable flight tolerance is not permitted.
Knowledge requirements
The applicant is required to demonstrate knowledge of the following topics except where the topic is not relevant to the flight test:
(a) the privileges and limitations of the NVFR rating;
(b) flight review requirements;
(c) night recency requirements;
(d) NVFR operations;
(e) the interpretation of operational and meteorological information;
(f) ground and aircraft lighting requirements;
(g) use of instrument and navigation systems;
(h) take-off minima;
(i) holding and alternate requirements;
(j) operational requirements and procedures for all airspace classifications;
1.1 A low-level rating flight review must include an assessment of competency of at least 1 low-level endorsement.
1.2 An applicant for a low-level rating flight review must demonstrate competency, in the units of competency mentioned in clause 3, by doing the following:
(a) conducting low-level operations;
(b) for manoeuvres in an aeroplane — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 2 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(c) for manoeuvres in a helicopter — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 4 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS;
(d) for manoeuvres in a gyroplane — performing operations within the flight tolerances specified in table 6 in Section 1 of Schedule 8 of this MOS.
1.3 However, for paragraphs 1.2 (b) and (c), a sustained deviation outside of the applicable flight tolerance is not permitted.
Knowledge requirements
The applicant is required to demonstrate knowledge of the following topics:
(a) the privileges and limitations of the low-level rating and low-level endorsements held by the applicant;
(b) flight review requirements;
(c) operating the aircraft’s navigation and operating systems;
(d) applying operating limitations;
(e) weight and balance requirements;
(f) the interpretation of operational and meteorological information;
(g) applying aircraft performance data, including take-off and landing performance data for the class of aircraft;
(h) operational requirements and procedures – all airspace classifications;
(i) airworthiness requirements;
(j) reporting requirements;
(k) ERSA normal and emergency procedures;
(l) recent changes to legislation and procedures;
(m) wind effect at low level and associated flying conditions;
(n) the effect of mountainous terrain on airflow and associated flying conditions;
(o) the hazards of, and managing the risks associated with, low flying;
(r) the effects of typical and extreme environmental conditions on pilot health and performance that are relevant to aerial application operations;
(s) the effects of fatigue and physical health on pilot performance;
(t) analysis of actual and forecast weather relevant to low-level operations;
(u) assessment of the geographical characteristics of the area of flying operations to ensure safe completion of the task.
Practical flight standards
Unit Code
Unit of competency
Modifications
C1
Communicating in aviation environment
Nil
C2
Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures
Nil
LL-A
Aeroplane low-level operations
For this unit, the following elements are not required:(a) LL-A.2 – Flight component;(b) LL-A.3 – Aircraft handling;(c) LL-A.8 – Operate at low level in hilly terrain.If the flight review is conducted in a single‑engine aeroplane, element LL-A.7 – Execute engine failure (simulated) from below 500 ft AGL (multi-engine aeroplane only) is not required.If the flight review is conducted in a multi‑engine aeroplane, element LL-A.6 – Execute forced landing (simulated) from below 500 ft AGL (single-engine aeroplane only) is not required.
LL-H
Helicopter low-level operations
For this unit, the following elements are not required:(a) LL-H.2 – Flight component;(b) LL-H.3 – Aircraft handling (at an altitude above 1,500 ft AGL);(c) LL-H.7 – Operate at low level in hilly terrain.If the flight review is conducted in a single‑engine helicopter, element LL-H.6 – Execute engine failure (simulated) from below 500 ft AGL (multi-engine aeroplane only) is not required.If the flight review is conducted in a multi‑engine helicopter, element LL-H.5 – Execute autorotative forced landing (simulated) from below 500 ft AGL (single‑engine aeroplane only) is not required.
LL-G
Gyroplane low-level operations
For this unit, the following elements are not required:(a) LL-G.2 – Flight component;(b) LL-G.3 – Aircraft handling;(c) LL-G.6 – Operate at low level in hilly terrain.
Table 3: Helicopter general flight tolerances – private level
Applicability
The flight tolerances in this subsection apply to the following licences and ratings:
(a) recreational pilot licence;
(b) private pilot licence;
(c) aircraft class rating;
(d) NVFR rating.
Requirements
A person is required to perform flight manoeuvres within the flight tolerances mentioned in this table to be assessed as competent in the associated unit of competency.
[57] Schedule 8, Section 1, Table 4: Helicopter general flight tolerances – professional level
substitute
Table 4: Helicopter general flight tolerances – professional level
Applicability
The flight tolerances in this subsection apply to the following licences and ratings:
(a) commercial pilot licence;
(b) multi-crew pilot licence;
(c) air transport pilot licence;
(d) pilot instructor rating;
(e) private IFR rating;
(f) instrument rating;
(g) flight examiner rating;
(h) aerial application rating;
(i) low-level rating;
(j) aircraft type rating.
Requirements
A person is required to perform flight manoeuvres within the flight tolerances mentioned in this table to be assessed as competent in the associated unit of competency.
Table 6: Gyroplane general flight tolerances – private level
Applicability
The flight tolerances in this subsection apply to the following licences and ratings:
(a) recreational pilot licence;
(b) private pilot licence;
(c) aircraft class rating;
(d) NVFR rating.
Requirements
A person is required to perform flight manoeuvres within the flight tolerances mentioned in this table to be assessed as competent in the associated unit of competency.
[59] Schedule 8, Section 1, Table 7: Gyroplane class rating tolerances – professional
substitute
Table 7: Gyroplane general flight tolerances – professional level
Applicability
The flight tolerances in this subsection apply to the following licences and ratings:
(a) commercial pilot licence;
(b) pilot instructor rating;
(c) instrument rating;
(d) private IFR rating;
(e) flight examiner rating;
(f) aerial application rating;
(g) low-level rating;
(h) aircraft type rating.
Requirements
A person is required to perform flight manoeuvres within the flight tolerances mentioned in this table to be assessed as competent in the associated unit of competency.