9.127 Lighting associated with closed and unserviceable areas
(1) If a runway or taxiway, or a portion of a runway or taxiway, is closed (a closed facility), all aerodrome lighting on the closed facility, and any visual aids leading a pilot into the closed facility, must be extinguished or obscured except the lighting for visual aids used to warn pilots of the closed facility.
(2) Subject to subsection (1), the restricted operation of visual aids is permissible for maintenance or related purposes.
(3) For a partial or complete closure of a manoeuvring area for less than 5 days, the aerodrome lights for the closed area must be:
(a) obscured with an opaque cover that is as follows:
(i) firmly attached to the ground so that it cannot be unintentionally dislodged;
(ii) lightweight and frangible, and not otherwise posing a hazard to aircraft; or
(b) if not so obscured — electrically isolated or disabled to prevent their inadvertent activation.
(4) For a partial or complete closure of a manoeuvring area for 5 days or more the aerodrome lights for the closed area must be electrically isolated or disabled to prevent their inadvertent activation.
9.128 Lighted visual aid to indicate a temporary complete runway closure
(1) For a temporary unserviceability of the normal runway length, a lighted visual aid may be used at controlled aerodromes as follows:
(a) to supplement the extinguishing or obscuring of runway lighting;
(b) in-lieu of day time markings for runway closures of less than 24 hours duration;
(c) in conjunction with unserviceability markings as described in section 8.106.
Note The aid must be in the form of a lit cross — see section 9.129.
(2) The lighted visual aid must not be used:
(a) for partial closures or partial unserviceability of the normal runway length; or
Note Lighted visual aids are intended to be used for unserviceability.
(b) in conjunction with temporarily displaced threshold markings or lights; or
(c) at non-controlled aerodromes; or
(d) at controlled aerodromes during such times as Air Traffic Control services are not available.
(3) The lighted visual aid must be:
(a) positioned within the permanent threshold of the runway at each end; and
(b) as far as possible — aligned with the runway centreline.
(4) Additional lighted visual aids to indicate the temporary runway unserviceability may be located and spaced as required for runway unserviceability markings.
Note For runway unserviceability markings, see, relevantly, subsections 8.106 (2) and (3).
9.129 Characteristics of a lighted visual aid to indicate a temporary complete runway closure
(1) For section 9.128, the lighted visual aid must consist of an X-shaped cross with 2 lit arms.
(2) For subsection (1), the arms of the X-shaped cross must:
(a) each be at least 6 m in length; and
(b) intersect at their midpoint (the intersection point):
(i) at a preferred internal angle of 90 degrees; or
(ii) so that a distinct X shape is discernible to the pilot of an aircraft:
(A) in the air on approach to the runway; and
(B) on the ground manoeuvring on the runway; and
(c) be deployed such that:
(i) the cross is vertical and positioned at right angles to the runway centreline; and
(ii) each arm of the cross is at 45 degrees to the horizontal; and
(d) have a light source coloured white, consisting of:
(i) individual lamps or lights, facing the direction of the approach to the runway, and located as follows:
(A) 1 — at the outer extremity of each lit arm;
(B) others — evenly between the outer and inner extremities at intervals no greater than 1 m;
(C) 1 — at the centre of the intersection point; or
(ii) a light bar which completely illuminates the full length of each lit arm to a minimum width of 0.3 m; and
(e) in combination, provide a minimum day effective intensity, as illustrated in Figure 9.130 (1), of:
(i) 70 000 cd at the beam centre; and
(ii) 34 000 cd at 10 degrees radius from the beam centre; and
(iii) 13 000 cd at 15 degrees radius from the beam centre; and
(f) in combination, provide a minimum night effective intensity, as illustrated in Figure 9.130 (1), of:
(i) 2 000 cd at the beam centre; and
(ii) 970 cd at 10 degrees radius from the beam centre; and
(iii) 370 cd at 15 degrees radius from the beam centre.
(3) For subsection (2), the light source must be from a portable or mains power supply that ensures:
(a) continuous operation of lighting for the lighted visual aid; and
(b) simultaneous illumination of all relevant lamps, lights or bars at between 15 and 30 cycles per minute with a one second maximum OFF-time.
(4) The lighted visual aid must be designed and constructed to be capable of being:
(a) deployed within 15 minutes of being positioned on the runway; and
(b) removed from the runway within 15 minutes.
(5) If the lighted visual aid is used in periods of low visibility, in addition to complying with subsection (3), it must also meet the secondary power supply requirements of section 9.05.
(6) If the lighted visual aid is located on the runway during periods of daylight, the surface of the aid facing the pilot must be:
(a) coloured yellow; or
(b) obstacle marked in accordance with section 8.111; or
(c) otherwise illuminated.
9.130 Isocandela diagram for lighted visual aid to indicate temporary runway closure
(1) For a lighted visual aid to indicate a temporary complete runway closure:
(a) Figure 9.130 (1) illustrates the required beam pattern; and
(b) the minimum intensity of the main beam pattern is to be calculated by:
(i) establishing grid points with reference to the main beam as illustrated in Figure 9.130 (1); and
(ii) using the intensity values, as specified in paragraphs 9.129 (2) (e) and (f) within and on the perimeter of the circles representing the main beam pattern; and
(iii) using the arithmetic average of the light intensities measured at all the considered grid points to resolve the average value.
(2) There must be no deviations in the main beam when the lighting fixture is properly aimed.
(3) Vertical angles must be measured from the longitudinal slope of the runway surface.
(4) The light unit must be installed so that the main beam is aligned within 0.5 degrees of the specified requirement.
(5) On the perimeter of, and within, the circle defining the main beam, the maximum light intensity value must not exceed the lessor of:
(a) 3 times the minimum light intensity so measured; or
(b) the limit at which the light intensity would otherwise dazzle or distract a pilot during the expected ambient light and visibility conditions in which the lighted visual aid is intended to be used.
Shows beam pattern diagram for lighted visual aid to indicate a temporary runway closure.
Figure 9.130 (1) Beam pattern diagram for lighted visual aid to indicate a temporary runway closure (illustrates matters)
9.131 Movement area access in the vicinity of unserviceable areas
(1) If a closed runway or taxiway, or a portion of a closed runway or taxiway (the closed area) is intersected by a runway or taxiway which is used at night, unserviceability lights must be placed across the entrance to the closed area at intervals not exceeding 3 m.
(2) If:
(a) any portion of a taxiway, an apron or a holding bay is unfit for the movement of aircraft (the unserviceable area); and
(b) it remains possible for an aircraft to safely bypass the unserviceable area; and
(c) the movement area is used at night;
then unserviceability lights, not more than 7.5 m apart, must clearly delineate the unserviceable area.
9.132 Characteristics of unserviceability lights
Unserviceability lights must:
(a) be steady red lights; and
(b) have:
(i) an intensity that is sufficient to ensure conspicuity considering the intensity of the adjacent lights and the general level of illumination against which they would normally be viewed; and
(ii) an average output of red main beam light not less than 10 cd.
Division Div 14 - Part 139 (Aerodromes) Manual of Standards 2019 - Works and unserviceable area lighting | Zoe