31Classes of visas

31  Classes of visas  (1) There are to be prescribed classes of visas. Note: See also subsection 35A(4), which allows additional classes of permanent and temporary visas to be prescribed as protection visas by regulations made for the purposes of this subsection.  (2) As well as the prescribed classes, there are the classes provided for by the following provisions:  (a) section 32 (special category visas);  (b) section 33 (special purpose visas);  (c) section 34 (absorbed person visas);  (d) section 35 (ex‑citizen visas);  (e) subsection 35A(2) (permanent protection visas);  (f) subsection 35A(3) (temporary protection visas);  (fa) subsection 35A(3A) (safe haven enterprise visas);  (g) section 37 (bridging visas);  (h) section 37A (temporary safe haven visas);  (i) section 38 (criminal justice visas);  (j) section 38A (enforcement visas);  (k) section 38B (maritime crew visas).  (3) The regulations may prescribe criteria for a visa or visas of a specified class (which, without limiting the generality of this subsection, may be a class provided for by section 32, 35A, 37, 37A or 38B but not by section 33, 34, 35, 38 or 38A).  (3A) To avoid doubt, subsection (3) does not require criteria to be prescribed for a visa or visas including, without limitation, visas of the following classes: Note 1: An application for any of these visas is invalid if criteria relating to both the application and the grant of the visa have not been prescribed (see subsection 46AA(2)). Note 2: If criteria are prescribed by the regulations for any of these visas, the visa cannot be granted unless any criteria prescribed by this Act, as well as any prescribed by regulation, are satisfied (see subsection 46AA(4)).  (4) The regulations may prescribe whether visas of a class are visas to travel to and enter Australia, or to remain in Australia, or both.  (5) A visa is a visa of a particular class if this Act or the regulations specify that it is a visa of that class.