22Defences

22 Defences (1) Each of the following is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against section 21: (a) the discharge was necessary for the purpose of securing the (b) the discharge was for the purpose of combating specific pollution incidents to minimise the damage from pollution and was approved by an authorised officer. (2) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against section 21 if: prevent as far as is reasonably practicable the discharge of noxious liquid substances as a result of damage to the ship or equipment; minimise the discharge of the noxious liquid substance. (3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a), damage to a ship or its equipment is taken to be intentional damage only if the damage arose in circumstances in which the ship's owner or master: