A derrick must not be used in loading or unloading unless the information specified in subsection 25.1 of this Order is readily available to the person in charge.
1.2 Use of stays
A derrick must not be used in loading or unloading unless all necessary stays, including backstays and preventer stays, to counteract loads on masts and derrick posts, other than stays such as shoulder stays necessarily disconnected to enable loading or unloading operations to proceed, are correctly fitted and kept taut and secure during loading and unloading.
1.3 Securing of guys in way of deck cargo
When deck cargo is stowed against and above a ship’s rails or bulwarks, a wire rope pendant or a chain extending from a ring bolt or other anchorage on the ship must be provided:
(a) of sufficient length to enable derrick guys and preventers to be attached without the need for a person engaged in loading or unloading to go overside; and
(b) having a safe working load not less than the safe working load of the derrick guy or preventer with which it is to be associated.
1.4 Permanent attachments to a derrick
A derrick must not be used in loading or unloading unless all permanent attachments to the derrick, such as a ring bolt, eyebolt, padeye, lug, band or heel connection or fitting:
(a) are of suitable material and construction; and
(b) have strength appropriate to the maximum load which may be imposed on that attachment in accordance with the information specified in subclause 1.1.
1.5 Securing of guys to a derrick
For the purpose of loading or unloading, each guy, guy block, preventer guy or similar rope must be individually secured to a derrick at a permanent attachment complying with subclause 1.4, no more than 1 connection being made to each such attachment except that, in the case of a preventer guy, an eye that has been formed in 1 end by splicing may be placed around the derrick head in such manner that the eye is unlikely to be dislodged during loading or unloading.
1.6 Restriction of movement of heel blocks
Where a derrick heel block is subject to movement in the vertical plane between load and no-load positions, the derrick must not be used unless the block is fitted with a device constraining that movement consistent with safe operation.
1.7 Securing of runner
A runner must not be used in loading or unloading unless the end of the runner attached to the winch drum:
(a) is effectively secured to the drum in a manner that will not damage any part of the runner; and
(b) is secured otherwise than by means of fibre rope.
Note The method used to secure a runner to a winch should be by shackle or clamp-type socket or similar, any of which should provide a strength equivalent to 50% of that of the runner. The number of complete turns remaining on the drum of the winch when the complete working length of rope has been paid out should not be less than:
Note: (a) in the case of an ungrooved drum — 3; and
Note: (b) in the case of a grooved drum — 2.
1.8 Markings required
1.8.1 A derrick for use in loading or unloading must be marked with:
(a) its safe working load for each operating condition in accordance with subclause 1.1; and
(b) the lowest angle to the horizontal at which the derrick may safely be used, in accordance with subclause 1.1.
1.8.2 The marking of the safe working load or loads of a derrick must be:
(a) where the derrick is to be used as a single derrick:
(i) the letters ‘SWL’ followed by numerals indicating the safe working load and letters identifying the units of mass in which the safe working load is expressed; and
(ii) where there is more than 1 operating condition, an oblique stroke separating the units of mass for each such condition.
(b) where the derrick is to be used in union purchase rig:
(i) the letters ‘SWL(u)’ followed by numerals indicating the safe working load and letters identifying the units of mass in which the safe working load is expressed; and
(ii) where there is more than 1 operating condition in union purchase rig, an oblique stroke separating the units of mass for each such condition.
Note Examples of markings are:
Note: (a) ‘SWL xt’, ‘SWL x/yt’ .
Note: (b) ‘SWL(u) xt’, ‘SWL(u) x/yt’.
1.8.3 Markings must be placed on the derrick or on a plate near the heel of the derrick and the letters and numerals must be not less than 77 mm in height, of proportional breadth and must be of a light colour on a dark background or a dark colour on a light background.
1.9 Union purchase rig
Derricks must not be used in union purchase rig unless:
(a) they are rigged in accordance with the drawings specified by subclause 1.1; and
(b) each derrick is fitted with a preventer guy of wire rope, or wire rope coupled to a length of chain, having a safe working load commensurate with the stresses imposed on the derrick during loading and unloading; and
(c) the guys used to position the derricks are kept taut during loading or unloading.
1.10 Angle between runners of union purchase rig
When loading or unloading by derricks in union purchase rig, the angle included by the ends of runners at the hook assembly measured in the plane of the runners must not be permitted to exceed 120° or such lesser angle as is specified in accordance with subclause 1.1.
2 Requirements for cranes
2.1 Drawings and operational instructions
A crane must not be used in loading or unloading unless the information specified in subsection 25.1 of this Order is readily available to the person in charge.
2.2 Limiting devices
2.2.1 Subject to subclauses 2.2.3 and 2.2.4, a crane used in loading or unloading must be provided with effective motion-limiting devices to prevent movement of the crane, and of a load being handled, beyond the designed range of operations of the crane.
2.2.2 A motion-limiting device must be so designed as to:
(a) be automatic in operation; and
(b) in the case of a crane other than a derrick crane, take effect by interrupting the operating power so that the crane and its load are held stationary.
2.2.3 A power-interrupting arrangement is acceptable on a derrick crane, but is not mandatory.
2.2.4 Subclause 2.2.1 does not apply to traversing, travelling or slewing motions of a crane installed before 17 November 1986, where compliance would be unreasonable or impracticable, but in such case, the crane must not be operated beyond its safe limits.
2.2.5 If a motion limiting device in accordance with subclause 2.2.1 is not provided on a derrick crane, the derrick crane must, where possible, be provided with other devices, which may include a visual or audible alarm, to warn the operator that the derrick crane or load is approaching a limit of the designed range of operations of the crane or its load.
2.3 Markings required
2.3.1 A crane for use in loading or unloading must be marked with:
(a) its safe working load; and
(b) where the safe working load varies with the outreach of the crane, the safe working load for each specified outreach.
2.3.2 The marking of the safe working load or loads and outreach of a crane or derrick crane must be:
(a) numerals indicating the safe working load and letters identifying the units of mass in which the safe working load is expressed; and
(b) where paragraph 2.3.1(b) applies:
(i) numerals indicating the number of metres of outreach, followed by the letter ‘m’, and
(ii) an oblique stroke separating the information relating to each specified outreach.
2.3.3 Markings must, as appropriate, be placed conspicuously:
(a) on:
(i) an external part of the structure of the crane; or
(ii) on the derrick crane or on a plate near the heel of the derrick crane; and
(b) in the driver’s cabin within easy view of the driver.
2.3.4 External markings must be not less than 77 mm in height and of proportional breadth, and must be of a light colour if on a dark background, and of a dark colour if on a light background.
2.3.5 Where the safe working load varies with the outreach of the crane, means must be provided to enable the driver to ascertain the outreach of the crane at any time, and the corresponding safe working load.
2.4 Track-mounted cranes
2.4.1 A bridge or gantry crane must not be used in loading or unloading unless, in addition to the other applicable requirements of this Schedule:
(a) it is so designed and constructed that it will not collapse or overturn in the event of breakage of a wheel, failure of an axle, or derailment; and
(b) it is fitted with locking devices or other means by which the crane can maintain its position when exposed to wind pressure; and
(c) it is fitted with tracks of adequate strength, properly laid, maintained in good condition and provided with stops at the ends of the trackways; and
(d) it is electrically bonded and earthed to the ship’s structure; and
(e) locking devices on overside extensions are engaged; and
(f) where more than 1 crane is located on the same trackway, each crane is fitted with a device to prevent collision; and
(g) track wheels that are at deck level are fitted with foot guards;
and the arrangements specified in subclauses 2.4.2 to 2.4.5 are complied with.
2.4.2 A minimum clear passageway of 550 mm must be provided on deck between the structure of a track‑mounted crane and the ship’s bulwark or side rails, or between the structure and hatch coamings, except that in the case of a ship built before 17 November 1986, if such passageway is not provided, access by persons to the deck area over which the crane may travel must be prevented.
2.4.3 For subclause 2.4.2, the passageway could be a catwalk attached to the structure of the crane and fitted with guard-rails.
2.4.4 A bridge or gantry crane must be fitted with:
(a) unless the crane is mounted on tracks more than 2 m above the deck, an acoustic warning device that emits an audible sound before travelling motion is commenced and continues to sound until travelling motion has ceased; and
(b) a horn or similar acoustic warning device capable of being sounded by the crane operator; and
(c) an emergency stop switch, clearly labelled and positioned so that it can be readily operated by persons at deck level.
2.4.5 An access ladder on a track-mounted crane so located that a person using it could fall into an open cargo space or over the ship’s side, must comply with Schedule 2, but in such manner that access to the bottom of the ladder is not impeded.
2.4.6 Where the operator’s cabin of a track-mounted crane travels with the horizontal movement of a load, arrangements or procedures must be provided enabling the operator to safely leave the cabin in the event of power failure or other emergency. A suitable arrangement would be mobile or portable access or means of returning the cabin to the point of access.
2.4.7 A track-mounted crane installed on a ship before 17 November 1986 must comply with subclauses 2.4.1, 2.4.4, 2.4.5 and 2.4.6, so far as is technically practicable.
3 Crane and derrick controls and brakes
3.1 Controls
Crane and winch controls must comply with the following:
(a) they must be so located that the operator, at the operating position:
(i) has sufficient room to operate the controls safely; and
(ii) has an unrestricted view of the load and operation area, or of a hatchman; and
(iii) remains clear of the load and ropes; and
(iv) is at no time during the loading or unloading operation sited beneath a load;
(b) they must be so located that the driver is not placed in the bight of the runner in the vicinity of the heel block of a derrick;
(c) they must have upon them, or adjacent to them, clear markings to indicate their purpose and mode of operation;
(d) they must be provided, where necessary, with a suitable locking device to prevent accidental movement or displacement;
(e) each control must automatically return to the neutral / stop position;
(f) where possible, control handles must move in the direction of the resultant load movement;
(g) control wheels must rotate clockwise for winding in a rope and anticlockwise for paying out a rope;
(h) the distance through which a control is required to move for the full range of operations of that control must not exceed:
(i) for hand levers, 600 mm; and
(ii) for foot pedals, 250 mm,
the distance being measured at the midpoint of the designed handgrip or footrest for the control;
(i)
brake pedals must have a non-slip surface.
3.2 Brakes
3.2.1 A winch must not be used in loading or unloading unless:
(a) a braking system is fitted for arresting the motion of each drum on which a rope is wound, capable of exerting a restraining torque of not less than 1.5 times the maximum static torque that would be transmitted to the brake by a suspended load equal to the maximum safe working load of the derrick served by the winch; and
(b) when the winch is under load, all brakes are capable of arresting the motion of the drum that they serve, smoothly and without snatching; and
(c) if the winch is driven by an internal combustion engine, the winch is so constructed that the load cannot fall by its own weight when the engine is disconnected.
3.2.2 A crane must not be used in loading or unloading, unless:
(a) it is fitted with a braking or speed‑regulating system capable of arresting each type of motion of the crane:
(i) smoothly and without snatching; and
(ii) in the shortest possible time consistent with safe working; and
(b) the braking system for arresting the hoisting and luffing motions of the crane is capable of exerting a restraining torque not less than 1.5 times the maximum static torque transmitted to the braking system by a suspended load equal to the maximum safe working load of the crane and operates automatically when the controls are placed in the stop position; and
(c) brake systems are activated automatically on the failure of the power drive or the control system and provision has been made for the lowering of a load in the event of such a failure; and
(d) the braking system is such that the controller does not allow any load to fall at a speed in excess of the design speed.
3.3 Electrically powered equipment
Electrically powered cranes or winches must not be used in loading or unloading unless:
(a) the operating modes of the controls for the crane or winch are separated by a neutral, stop or off position; and
(b) the braking system automatically comes into operation when there is a significant drop in the supply of electrical power; and
(c) there is provided conveniently close to the operator an emergency or isolating switch by means of which the power supply to the winch, or to hoisting, luffing, slewing, travelling or traversing motors may be shut down without affecting lighting, indicators, electromagnetic lifting devices, cargo hook or twist lock controls, and without affecting other circuits not controlling the motion of the load or the crane.
3.4 Gear transmission
A winch fit
t
ed with more than 1 transmission ratio must be provided with a positive means of locking the gear shifting device or devices.
3.5 Information on defined limits
A crane must not be used in loading or unloading unless there is provided in a position conveniently visible to the driver:
(a) where the crane is a jib crane:
(i) operating instructions in English, for the range of outreach over which the luffing motion may be used and the safe working load for outreach distance within that range; and
(ii) except where the safe working load does not vary within the range of the crane, a device or instrument that continuously indicates the outreach; and
(b) where the crane is designed to operate within defined limits of list or trim:
(i) instructions in English for the operation of the crane within those limits; and
(ii) a device or instrument that indicates whether or not the crane is within those limits; and
(c) where the crane is provided with gearing or other devices for changing the speed range in the hoisting motion, instructions in the English language stating the safe working load for each operating speed range.
3.6 Remote controls
A crane, or winches associated with a derrick crane controlled externally by remote controls, must not be used in loading or unloading a ship unless the operation of the controls provides compliance with subclause 3.1. Remote controls using radio or acoustic transmission of control orders and equipment state must not be used if the system can be affected by extraneous transmissions.