Manual of Standards Part 173—Standards Applicable to Instrument Flight Procedure Design
Section 8.4: Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs)
8.4.1 STAR Standards
8.4.1.1 Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs) must be designed in accordance with the following standards:
(a) RNAV systems are not to be used as the primary navigation reference below the en-route Lowest Safe Altitude;
(b) STAR procedures employing RNAV waypoints must be identified as RNAV procedures on the associated STAR charts;
(c) STARs should be seamless from the en-route cruise level to:
(i) the initial fix of an instrument approach; or
(ii) A fix from which radar vectors to the runway centreline are given; or
(iii) for domestic flights only, a fix from which a visual approach is given.
(d) holding patterns must be restricted to one per STAR.
(e) the minimum crossing angle between STAR and Standard Instrument Departure tracks should be 45°.