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Manual of Standards Part 173—Standards Applicable to Instrument Flight Procedure Design

(a) RNAV systems are not to be used as t(a) RNAV systems are not to be used as the primary navigation reference below the en-route Lowest Safe Altitude;

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Section 8.4: Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs)

8.4.1 STAR Standards

8.4.1.1 Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs) must be designed in accordance with the following standards:

(a) RNAV systems are not to be used as the primary navigation reference below the en-route Lowest Safe Altitude;

(b) STAR procedures employing RNAV waypoints must be identified as RNAV procedures on the associated STAR charts;

(c) STARs should be seamless from the en-route cruise level to:

(i) the initial fix of an instrument approach; or

(ii) A fix from which radar vectors to the runway centreline are given; or

(iii) for domestic flights only, a fix from which a visual approach is given.

(d) holding patterns must be restricted to one per STAR.

(e) the minimum crossing angle between STAR and Standard Instrument Departure tracks should be 45°.

Section (a) RNAV systems are not to be used as t - Manual of Standards Part 173—Standards Applicable to Instrument Flight Procedure Design - (a) RNAV systems are not to be used as the primary navigation reference below the en-route Lowest Safe Altitude; | Zoe