NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA
LOCAL COURT (SURROGACY) RULES 2022
As in force at 1 August 2025
Table of provisions
Part 1 Preliminary matters
1 Title .................................................................................................. 1
2 Commencement .............................................................................. 1
3 Interpretation ................................................................................... 1
4 Surrogacy proceedings .................................................................... 2
5 Procedure wanting or in doubt ......................................................... 2
6 Dispensing with compliance ............................................................ 2
Part 2 General matters
7 Filing application .............................................................................. 2
8 Forms .............................................................................................. 2
9 Service of documents ...................................................................... 3
10 Pre-hearing conference ................................................................... 3
11 Duty to make full and frank disclosure ............................................. 4
Part 3 Application for parentage order
12 Affidavits in support of parentage order ........................................... 4
13 Affidavit of applicant for parentage order ......................................... 5
14 Affidavit of surrogate mother in support of parentage order ............ 6
15 Other affidavits in support of parentage order ................................. 7
Part 4 Application for revocation of parentage
order
16 Affidavit of applicant to revoke parentage order .............................. 7
17 Response to revocation of parentage order..................................... 7
18 Affidavit of respondent ..................................................................... 7
ENDNOTES
NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA
As in force at 1 August 2025
LOCAL COURT (SURROGACY) RULES 2022
Rules under the Local Court Act 2015
Part 1 Preliminary matters
1 Title
These Rules may be cited as the Local Court (Surrogacy)
Rules 2022.
2 Commencement
These Rules commence on the day that section 2 of the Surrogacy
Act 2022 commences.
3 Interpretation
(1) In these Rules:
applicant means a person who is applying for a parentage order.
application means an application to the Court under the Surrogacy
Act 2022.
approved means approved by the Chief Judge.
birth parent, see section 3 of the Surrogacy Act 2022.
child means a child born under a surrogacy arrangement.
intended parent, see section 3 of the Surrogacy Act 2022.
parentage order, see section 34 of the Surrogacy Act 2022.
partner, see section 3 of the Surrogacy Act 2022.
respondent means a person who is opposing the revocation of a
parentage order.
surrogacy arrangement, see section 3 of the Surrogacy Act 2022.
Part 2 General matters
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 2
surrogate mother, see section 3 of the Surrogacy Act 2022.
(2) Unless the context or subject matter otherwise indicates or
requires, a word or expression used in the Local Court (Civil
Jurisdiction) Rules 1998 has the same meaning in these Rules.
4 Surrogacy proceedings
These Rules apply in relation to any proceeding in the Court under
the Surrogacy Act 2022.
5 Procedure wanting or in doubt
(1) The Court may adopt and apply, with the necessary changes, any
relevant procedures, rules and forms observed and used in the
Local Court (Civil Jurisdiction) Rules 1998 if the manner or form of
the following is not prescribed by these Rules or by or under an Act:
(a) the procedure for commencing or taking a step in
proceedings;
(b) the procedure by which the jurisdiction, power or authority of
the Court is to be exercised.
(2) An act done in accordance with an order made or direction given
under subrule (1) is taken to be regular and sufficient.
6 Dispensing with compliance
The Court may dispense with compliance with these Rules either
before or after the time for compliance arises.
Part 2 General matters
7 Filing application
An application filed in the Court is taken to be made on the date of
filing.
Notes for rule 7
1 An application for a parentage order under section 26 of the Surrogacy
Act 2022 is made by the intended parent or intended parents of the child.
2 An application for revocation of a parentage order under section 40 of the
Surrogacy Act 2022 may be made by the persons specified in that section.
8 Forms
The following must be in a form approved by the Chief Judge:
(a) an application;
Part 2 General matters
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 3
(b) a response to an application;
(c) an affidavit of service;
(d) a notice to the Registrar under section 46(2) of the Surrogacy
Act 2022.
9 Service of documents
(1) All documents to be served under the Surrogacy Act 2022 or these
Rules must be served personally, unless the Court orders
otherwise.
(2) All documents supporting an application or a response to an
application must be served on the same persons as the notices of
the relevant application under sections 26(5) and 40(3) of the
Surrogacy Act 2022.
(3) An affidavit of service must be filed in the Court for each document
served under the Surrogacy Act 2022 or these Rules no later than
7 days before the day fixed for the first pre-hearing conference.
(4) An affidavit of service must depose:
(a) the nature or identity of the document served; and
(b) who served the document; and
(c) the time, date and other particulars constituting service.
10 Pre-hearing conference
(1) On the filing of an application, a registrar must:
(a) fix a date and time for the holding of a pre-hearing conference;
and
(b) return to the applicant a copy, affixed with the seal of the
Court, of the application for service.
(2) The date for a pre-hearing conference must be no later than
14 days after the application is filed or as soon as practicable after
that 14-day period.
(3) A pre-hearing conference must be held informally.
(4) Each party to the application must attend the pre-hearing
conference in one of the following ways:
(a) in person;
Part 3 Application for parentage order
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 4
(b) by a legal practitioner.
(5) At the pre-hearing conference the Court may do any of the
following:
(a) give the directions it thinks necessary regarding the
appointment of a legal practitioner to represent the child;
(b) give the directions it thinks necessary for the expeditious
determination of the proceedings, including the filing of
additional evidence;
(c) adjourn the pre-hearing conference;
(d) fix a date for the hearing of the application.
11 Duty to make full and frank disclosure
Each party to a proceeding has a duty to the Court to make known
fully and frankly all matters relevant to the making of a parentage
order or the revocation of a parentage order, whether those matters
tend to support or not to support making or revoking the order.
Part 3 Application for parentage order
12 Affidavits in support of parentage order
(1) In addition to the material required by section 28 of the Surrogacy
Act 2022, an application for a parentage order must be supported
by an affidavit by each of the following persons:
(a) each applicant;
(b) the surrogate mother;
(c) any other birth parent of the child;
(d) any other party to the surrogacy arrangement.
(2) In the case of 2 applicants, one applicant's affidavit may rely on
facts deposed to in the other applicant's affidavit.
(3) Despite subrule (1), an affidavit by a person referred to in
subrule (1)(b), (c) or (d) is not required if the Court dispenses with
the consent of that person under section 32(3) or (4) of the
Surrogacy Act 2022.
Part 3 Application for parentage order
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 5
13 Affidavit of applicant for parentage order
The affidavit of the applicant for a parentage order must depose the
following matters:
(a) the location and residence of the child at the time of the
application, including particulars of the person or persons with
whom the child resides or who has the care and custody of the
child;
(b) the proposed names of the child;
(c) the names, including maiden family name if applicable, of
each applicant;
(d) the date of birth, or age, and place of birth of each applicant;
(e) if there are 2 joint applicants:
(i) whether they are partners; and
(ii) if they are married – the date and place of their
marriage;
(f) the place of residence of each applicant and whether the
applicant is an Australian citizen or permanent resident;
(g) if there are 2 intended parents in the surrogacy arrangement
but only one applicant – the reason the other intended parent
is not an applicant;
(h) the reasons for each applicant entering into the surrogacy
arrangement;
(i) whether any party to the surrogacy arrangement was offered
or is to receive a payment, reward or other material benefit or
advantage, other than reasonable costs allowed under
section 12 of the Surrogacy Act 2022;
(j) whether any payment, reward or other material benefit or
advantage was offered to or received by a person for any of
the following:
(i) agreeing to enter into, or entering into, the surrogacy
arrangement;
(ii) permanently relinquishing custody of a child born under
the surrogacy arrangement;
Part 3 Application for parentage order
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 6
(iii) consenting to the making of a parentage order for a child
born under the surrogacy arrangement;
(k) if an applicant has or had any children:
(i) the given names, sex or gender and date of birth of each
child (including a deceased child); and
(ii) whether a child is deceased; and
(iii) if there are or were 2 intended parents – whether the
child is or was of their relationship;
(l) that each applicant consents to the making of a parentage
order;
(m) if an applicant is asking the Court to dispense with consent of
an intended parent under section 32(2) of the Surrogacy
Act 2022, the grounds for that dispensation;
(n) any other matters relevant to the application.
Note for rule 13(g)
If there are 2 intended parents, they are expected to be joint applicants, unless
there is a reason allowed under section 26(3) of the Surrogacy Act 2022, for
example they are no longer partners.
14 Affidavit of surrogate mother in support of parentage order
The affidavit of the surrogate mother in support of the parentage
order must depose the following matters:
(a) the name, including maiden family name if applicable, of the
surrogate mother;
(b) the date of birth, or age, and place of birth of the surrogate
mother;
(c) if the surrogate mother has a partner:
(i) the name of the partner; and
(ii) if married, the date and place of their marriage; and
(iii) whether the partner is a birth parent of the child;
(d) the place of residence of the surrogate mother and whether
she is an Australian citizen or permanent resident;
(e) that the surrogate mother consents to the making of the
parentage order sought by the applicant;
Part 4 Application for revocation of parentage order
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 7
(f) any other matters relevant to the application.
15 Other affidavits in support of parentage order
The affidavit of another birth parent of the child or any other party to
the surrogacy arrangement in support of the parentage order must
depose the following matters:
(a) the name, including maiden family name if applicable, of the
person;
(b) the date of birth, or age, and place of birth of the person;
(c) that the person consents to the making of the parentage order
sought by the applicant;
(d) any other matters relevant to the application.
Part 4 Application for revocation of parentage order
16 Affidavit of applicant to revoke parentage order
(1) An application for revocation of a parentage order under section 40
of the Surrogacy Act 2022 must be supported by an affidavit by the
applicant.
(2) The affidavit of the applicant for revocation of a parentage order
must depose the following matters:
(a) a copy of the parentage order;
(b) the reasons for the revocation;
(c) any other matters relevant to the application.
17 Response to revocation of parentage order
Any person who opposes an application to revoke a parentage
order must file a response to the application in the approved form.
18 Affidavit of respondent
(1) The respondent must file an affidavit in support of the response as
directed by the Court and no later than 14 days before the day fixed
for the hearing.
(2) The affidavit of the respondent must depose the following matters:
(a) the reasons for opposing the revocation;
Part 4 Application for revocation of parentage order
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 8
(b) any other matters relevant to the response.
ENDNOTES
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 9
ENDNOTES
1 KEY Key to abbreviations
amd = amended od = order
app = appendix om = omitted
bl = by-law pt = Part
ch = Chapter r = regulation/rule
cl = clause rem = remainder
div = Division renum = renumbered
exp = expires/expired rep = repealed
f = forms s = section
Gaz = Gazette sch = Schedule
hdg = heading sdiv = Subdivision
ins = inserted SL = Subordinate Legislation
lt = long title sub = substituted
nc = not commenced
2 LIST OF LEGISLATION
Regulations
Local Court (Surrogacy) Rules 2022 (SL No. 26, 2022)
Date made 15 December 2022
Commenced 20 December 2022 (r 2, s 2 Surrogacy Act 2022 (Act No. 8,
2022) and Gaz S66, 20 December 2022)
Attorney-General Legislation Amendment Act 2025 (Act No. 14, 2025)
Assent date 6 June 2025
Commenced 1 August 2025 (Gaz G14, 10 July 2025, p 1)
3 GENERAL AMENDMENTS
r 1 Act No. 14, 2025, s 33