NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA
LITTER ACT 1972
As in force at 1 February 2022
Table of provisions
1 Short Title ........................................................................................ 1
2 Commencement .............................................................................. 1
3 Definitions ........................................................................................ 1
4 Application ....................................................................................... 2
5 Officers ............................................................................................ 3
6 Litter ................................................................................................ 3
7 Dead animals on street, &c. ............................................................ 4
8 Owner-onus ..................................................................................... 4
9 Copy of statutory declaration to be served with summons .............. 7
9A Notices ............................................................................................ 7
10 Cost of clean up ............................................................................ 10
11 Powers of officers .......................................................................... 10
11A Prosecution ................................................................................... 10
12 Proof of proclamation, &c., of public place not necessary ............. 11
13 Delegation ..................................................................................... 11
ENDNOTES
NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA
As in force at 1 February 2022
LITTER ACT 1972
An Act relating to litter
1 Short Title
This Act may be cited as the Litter Act 1972.
2 Commencement
This Act shall come into operation on a date to be fixed by the
Administrator by notice in the Gazette.
3 Definitions
In this Act:
authorized receptacle means a rubbish receptacle that the
Minister causes to be provided for the disposal of rubbish or a bin
or container provided by a person for the purpose of a rubbish
collection authorized by the Minister.
boat includes a launch, yacht, canoe, raft, pontoon and any thing
capable of carrying persons or goods through or on water.
CEO, of a local government council, see section 7 of the Local
Government Act 2019.
litter means litter, garbage, rubbish, refuse or waste matter, and
includes the body of a dead animal.
officer means a person who is:
(a) a member of the Police Force; or
(b) employed by one of the following entities for the purpose of
enforcing by-laws made by the entity:
(i) Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory;
(iii) a local government council; or
Litter Act 1972 2
(c) an authorised officer under the Public and Environmental
Health Act 2011; or
(d) a person appointed under section 5.
public place means:
(a) a street, road or lane, whether a thoroughfare or not, being a
street, road or lane that is open to or used by the public, and
includes a footpath, bridge, court, entrance, drive-way, verge,
nature strip, traffic island and gutter of such a street, road or
lane;
(b) a park, reserve, recreational or sporting ground, beach or
other open place, being a park, reserve, ground, beach or
place that is open to or used by the public, but does not
include a place approved by the Chief Health Officer for the
disposal of rubbish; or
(c) water in, and off the coast of, the Northern Territory that is
open to or used by the public.
registered owner, in relation to a motor vehicle or boat, means the
person in whose name the motor vehicle or boat is registered under
a law of the Northern Territory relating to motor vehicles or boats.
vacant Crown land means Crown land, as defined in the Crown
Lands Act 1992:
(a) in which no person (other than the Crown in right of the
Territory) has an estate or interest; or
(b) if a person (other than the Crown in right of the Territory) has
an estate or interest in the land it is only an interest under a
licence or an estate or interest under a law in force in the
Territory relating to the exploration for, or mining or extraction
of, minerals, petroleum or gas,
being land of which there is apparently no person having the
immediate care and control and which is not:
(c) a public place; or
(d) a place approved by the Chief Health Officer for the disposal
of rubbish.
4 Application
(1) Except as provided by this section, this Act does not apply in a local
government area or to freehold land or to land held under a lease.
Litter Act 1972 3
(2) The Minister may, by Gazette notice, on consideration of a request
in writing so to do made:
(a) by a local government council in respect of the council's local
government area; or
(b) by the owner of freehold land, or lessee of land held under a
lease, in respect of that land,
extend the application of this Act to all, or such part as is specified
in the notices, of that local government area or land.
(3) This Act applies to and in relation to all vacant Crown land whether
or not it is in a local government area.
5 Officers
(1) The Minister may appoint a person to be an officer for the purposes
of this Act.
(2) The Minister shall issue to an officer appointed under this Act a
certificate stating that he is such an officer.
(3) No officer appointed under this section shall be empowered to
issue notices under section 9A unless, on appointment by the
Minister, he is specifically authorized so to do.
6 Litter
(1) Subject to this section, a person shall not leave, throw, deposit or
abandon litter in, onto or from a public place or vacant Crown land
elsewhere than into an authorized receptacle.
Maximum penalty: 15 penalty units.
(2) It is not an offence against subsection (1) if:
(a) the litter was left in the public place or vacant Crown land,
elsewhere than in an authorized receptacle, to be collected in
pursuance of a service for the collection of garbage
authorized by the Minister; or
(b) a public entertainment or spectacle was, at the time, being
held in the public place.
Litter Act 1972 4
(3) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against this section if
the defendant satisfies the court that:
(a) the litter was in the public place or vacant Crown land as the
result of an accident and that, by reason of injury to himself or
other reasonable cause, he was prevented from cleaning up
the litter; or
(b) it was not practicable to dispose of the litter in an authorized
receptacle or in a place approved by the Chief Health Officer
for the disposal of rubbish and the litter was disposed of by
the defendant in such a manner as to be unlikely to cause
annoyance or a nuisance to other persons.
(4) The maximum penalty for an offence against this section is
15 penalty units but, where a person is found guilty of an offence
against this section and the litter left, thrown, deposited or
abandoned was, in the opinion of the court, liable to cause injury to,
or danger to the health of, a person using the public place or vacant
Crown land or damage to property, the court may impose a
maximum penalty of 25 penalty units for the offence.
7 Dead animals on street, &c.
(1) A person who, in a public place or vacant Crown land, causes the
death of or injury to an animal so that it cannot remove itself shall
forthwith remove the body of the animal or the animal, as the case
may be, from any part of the public place or vacant Crown land that
is used by vehicular or pedestrian traffic.
Maximum penalty: 4 penalty units.
(2) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against
subsection (1) if the defendant satisfies the court that it was not
practicable for him to remove the body of the animal or the animal,
as the case may be, from where it was and he gave notice of the
occurrence to a member of the Police Force as soon as practicable
after the occurrence.
8 Owner-onus
(1) Subject to this section, where a person in or on a motor vehicle or
boat registered under a law of the Territory relating to motor
vehicles or boats commits an offence against this Act, the
registered owner of the motor vehicle or boat at the time of the
alleged offence or, if the registered owner was not, at that time, the
driver of the motor vehicle or boat, the person who was the driver
shall be deemed to have committed the offence.
Litter Act 1972 5
(2) In a prosecution for an offence against this Act:
(a) a document purporting to be issued by the Registrar of Motor
Vehicles bearing his written, stamped or printed signature and
stating that during a specified period, or on a specified date, a
person named in the document was the registered owner of a
specified motor vehicle is evidence of the matters stated in
the document without proof of the signature; and
(b) a document purporting to be issued by a boat registration
authority stating that during a specified period, or on a
specified date, a person named in the document was the
registered owner of a specified boat is evidence of the matters
stated in the document without proof of the signature.
(3) Nothing in this section affects the liability of an actual offender
other than the registered owner or driver of a motor vehicle or boat,
but the owner and driver shall not be liable for the same offence
against this Act if the actual offender is found guilty for that offence.
(4) The owner of a motor vehicle or boat shall not be deemed to have
committed an offence against this Act if the motor vehicle or boat
was, at the time of the alleged offence, stolen or illegally taken or
used.
(5) An officer may serve, by post or otherwise, on the registered owner
of a motor vehicle or boat a notice in writing in accordance with this
section.
(6) A notice under subsection (5) shall:
(a) identify the motor vehicle or boat by the number-plate affixed
to it or by its registration markings;
(b) state in general terms the nature, time, date and place of the
alleged offence; and
(c) contain a notification that the registered owner may make a
statutory declaration as provided by subsection (7).
(7) The registered owner or driver of a motor vehicle or boat shall not,
unless the contrary is proved, be deemed to have committed an
offence against this Act if, within 14 days after service of the notice
referred to in subsection (6) or of the summons in respect of the
alleged offence, he furnishes to a person, if any, specified in the
notice, or, in any other case, to the Commissioner of Police, a
statutory declaration made by him stating:
(a) that it is made for the purposes of this section; and
Litter Act 1972 6
(b) that he was not the person who actually committed the
offence, and the name and address of the person who
actually committed the offence or was the driver of the motor
vehicle or boat at the time of the alleged offence.
(8) Where the registered owner of a motor vehicle or boat is a body
corporate, the body corporate shall not, unless the contrary is
proved, be deemed to have committed an offence against this Act
if, within 14 days after service of the notice referred to in
subsection (6) or of the summons in respect of the alleged offence,
a director, manager or secretary of the body corporate furnishes to
a person, if any, specified in the notice, or, in any other case, to the
Commissioner of Police, a statutory declaration made by him
stating:
(a) that it is made for the purposes of this section;
(b) that the motor vehicle or boat was not being used for the
purposes of the body corporate at the time of the alleged
offence; and
(c) the name and address of the person who was the driver of the
motor vehicle or boat at that time or actually committed the
offence.
(9) At the hearing of a prosecution for an offence against this Act
against the registered owner of a motor vehicle or boat, the court
shall dismiss the charge if it is satisfied (whether on a statutory
declaration or otherwise) that the registered owner was not the
person who actually committed the offence.
(10) At the hearing of a prosecution for an offence against this Act
against the driver of a motor vehicle or boat, the court shall dismiss
the charge if it is satisfied that the driver was not the person who
actually committed the offence.
(11) In this section:
boat registration authority means:
(a) the Registrar, or a Deputy Registrar, as defined in section 3(1)
of the Shipping Registration Act 1981 (Cth); or
(b) the Director as defined in section 4(1) of the Fisheries
Act 1988; or
(c) a prescribed person.
Litter Act 1972 7
9 Copy of statutory declaration to be served with summons
(1) Where a person named in a statutory declaration made and given
under section 8 in respect of an alleged offence against this Act is
charged with the offence, the person shall not be found guilty of the
offence unless a copy of the statutory declaration is affixed to the
summons for the alleged offence at the time it was served on him.
(2) A statutory declaration duly made and given under section 8 in
respect of an alleged offence against this Act and so served on a
person named in the statutory declaration as the driver of a motor
vehicle or as the actual offender is admissible in evidence in a
prosecution in respect of that alleged offence against that person
and is evidence that he was the driver of the motor vehicle or the
actual offender, as the case may be.
9A Notices
(1) Where an officer has reason to believe that an offence has been
committed against section 6, he may serve or cause to be served a
notice in accordance with this section.
(2) A notice under subsection (1) may be served:
(a) by handing the notice personally to the person who appears to
have committed the offence; or
(b) in a case where section 8(1) applies:
(i) by handing it personally to the driver of the motor vehicle
or boat;
(ii) by securely placing or affixing the notice upon the motor
vehicle or boat in a conspicuous position;
(iii) by handing the notice personally to the owner of the
motor vehicle or boat or by leaving it at his last-known
place of residence or business with a person apparently
over the age of 16 years and apparently an occupant of
or employed at that place;
(iv) by sending it by prepaid post to the owner of the motor
vehicle or boat addressed to him:
(A) at his last-known place of residence or business; or
(B) in the case of the owner of a motor vehicle or boat
registered under a law of a State or of the
Australian Capital Territory – at the latest address
of the owner in the record of registration of the
Litter Act 1972 8
motor vehicle or boat; or
(v) where the owner of a motor vehicle or boat has
furnished a statutory declaration in accordance with
section 8(7) – by handing the notice personally to, or by
sending it by prepaid post addressed to, the person
whose name is specified in the statutory declaration as
being in charge of the motor vehicle or boat at the time
of the alleged offence or by leaving it at the last-known
place of residence or business with a person apparently
over the age of 16 years and apparently an occupant of
or employed at that place.
(3) A notice under this section shall:
(a) clearly specify the date, time and place of the alleged offence;
(b) if it is served:
(i) by being placed upon or affixed to a motor vehicle or
boat – be addressed to "the owner" of the motor vehicle
or boat without further description of the owner; and
(ii) in any other manner clearly show on its face the full
name, or surname and initials, and the address of the
person on whom it is served;
(c) clearly indicate the nature of the offence;
(d) contain an indication to the person on whom it is served that,
if he does not wish the matter to be dealt with by the Court, he
may make a signed statement to that effect in the manner
specified in the notice and pay the amount of the prescribed
penalty within the period of 14 days after the date of the
notice;
(e) clearly specify the place at which, and the manner in which,
the amount of the prescribed penalty may be so paid; and
(f) contain such other particulars, if any, as the Minister
considers necessary.
(4) Where a notice under this section has been served and, before the
expiration of the specified period of 14 days or, where the person in
authority so allows, at any time before the service of a summons in
respect of the alleged offence, the amount of the prescribed
penalty is paid in accordance with the notice and a statement,
signed by the person on whom the notice was served or by the
owner of the motor vehicle, to the effect that he does not wish the
matter to be dealt with by a court is received by the person in
Litter Act 1972 9
authority:
(a) the liability of a person in respect of the alleged offence shall
be deemed to be discharged;
(b) no further proceedings shall be taken in respect of the alleged
offence; and
(c) no person shall be regarded as having been found guilty for
the alleged offence.
(5) Nothing in this section:
(a) prevents the service of more than one notice in respect of the
same offence, but it is sufficient for the application of
subsection (4) to a person on whom more than one such
notice has been served for that person to pay the amount of
the prescribed penalty and to make the statement referred to
in that subsection in accordance with any notice so served on
him;
(b) prevents or affects (except as provided by subsection (4)) the
institution of prosecution or proceedings in respect of an
alleged offence or limits the amount of the fine that may be
imposed by a court in respect of an offence under this Act; or
(c) shall be construed:
(i) as requiring the serving of a notice before a person is
prosecuted under this Act; or
(ii) as affecting the liability of a person to be prosecuted in a
court in respect of an alleged offence in relation to which
a notice has not been served.
(6) Where the amount of the prescribed penalty in respect of an
offence is paid by cheque, payment is to be deemed not to be
made unless and until the cheque is cleared upon presentation.
(7) For the purposes of this section, the prescribed penalty for an
offence is $50.
(8) All moneys paid pursuant to the issue and service of a notice under
this section shall:
(a) if the notice is issued by an officer employed by the Parks and
Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory in respect of an
offence which occurs in or on an area under the control of that
Commission – belong to that Commission; and
Litter Act 1972 10
(c) if the notice is issued by an officer employed by a local
government council in respect of an offence which occurs in
or on the council's local government area – belong to that
council.
(9) For the purpose of subsection (4), the person in authority is the
person named in the notice as being the person in authority.
10 Cost of clean up
Where a person is found guilty of an offence against this Act, the
court, in addition to any other penalty, may order the person found
guilty to pay the reasonable costs of cleaning up the litter with
which the offence was committed.
11 Powers of officers
(1) An officer, on production of a certificate under section 5 or other
evidence that he is an officer within the meaning of this Act, may
require a person who, he reasonably believes, has committed an
offence against this Act to give his full name and address to the
officer.
(2) A person shall not obstruct, hinder or molest an officer in the
exercise of his powers under this Act.
Maximum penalty: 4 penalty units.
(3) A person who, when required to do so by an officer, without
reasonable cause, refuses to give his full name and address to the
officer or states a false name or address to the officer is guilty of an
offence punishable upon being found guilty by maximum penalty of
4 penalty units.
11A Prosecution
(1) Proceedings for an offence against this Act committed in a local
government area shall not be commenced except by the CEO or a
person authorized in writing by the CEO for that purpose.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to or in relation to:
(a) vacant Crown Land; or
(b) an area vested in, or under the control of, the Parks and
Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory,
situated within a local government area.
Litter Act 1972 11
(3) A document purporting to be signed by the CEO of a local
government council and to authorize a person named in it to
commence a prosecution under this Act is evidence of the person's
authority to commence a prosecution for an offence committed in
the council's local government area.
12 Proof of proclamation, &c., of public place not necessary
(1) In a prosecution for an offence against this Act instituted by an
officer, it is not necessary to prove the proclamation, reservation or
dedication of the public place, or the alignments or measurements
of a public place or vacant Crown land, in or on which the offence is
alleged to have occurred.
(2) In a prosecution for an offence against this Act in relation to vacant
Crown land, an allegation in the complaint instituting the proceeding
that the land is vacant Crown land is prima facie evidence that
there was apparently no person having the immediate care and
control of the Crown land at the relevant time.
13 Delegation
(1) The Minister may delegate to a person, or the holder from time to
time of a particular designation, position or office, any of the
Minister's powers and functions under this Act, other than this
power of delegation.
(2) A power or function delegated under this section, when exercised
or performed by the delegate, is taken to have been exercised or
performed by the Minister.
(3) A delegation under this section does not prevent the exercise of a
power or the performance of a function by the Minister.
ENDNOTES
Litter Act 1972 12
ENDNOTES
1 KEY Key to abbreviations
amd = amended od = order
app = appendix om = omitted
bl = by-law pt = Part
ch = Chapter r = regulation/rule
cl = clause rem = remainder
div = Division renum = renumbered
exp = expires/expired rep = repealed
f = forms s = section
Gaz = Gazette sch = Schedule
hdg = heading sdiv = Subdivision
ins = inserted SL = Subordinate Legislation
lt = long title sub = substituted
nc = not commenced
2 LIST OF LEGISLATION
Litter Ordinance 1972 (Act No. 36, 1972)
Assent date 31 July 1972
Commenced 30 August 1972 (Gaz No. 35, 30 August 1972)
Litter Ordinance (No. 2) 1972 (Act No. 70, 1972)
Assent date 5 December 1972
Commenced 5 December 1972
Litter Ordinance 1973 (Act No. 60, 1973)
Assent date 11 December 1973
Commenced 11 December 1973
Ordinances Revision Ordinance 1973 (Act No. 87, 1973)
Assent date 11 December 1973
Commenced 11 December 1973 (s 12(2))
Amending Legislation
Ordinances Revision Ordinance 1974 (Act No. 34, 1974)
Assent date 26 August 1974
Commenced 11 December 1973 (s 3(2))
Ordinances Revision Ordinance (No. 2) 1974 (Act No. 69, 1974)
Assent date 24 October 1974
Commenced 11 December 1973 (s 3)
Ordinances Revision Ordinance 1976 (Act No. 27, 1976)
Assent date 28 June 1976
Commenced ss 1, 2 and 6: 28 June 1976 (s 6(2));
ss 3 and 4: 11 December 1973; s 5: 24 October 1974
ENDNOTES
Litter Act 1972 13
Litter Ordinance 1975 (Act No. 29, 1975)
Assent date 7 November 1975
Commenced 7 November 1975
Litter Ordinance 1976 (Act No. 51, 1976)
Assent date 12 November 1976
Commenced 17 December 1976 (Gaz No. 51, 17 December 1976, p 1497)
Transfer of Powers (Further Provisions) Ordinance 1977 (Act No. 51, 1977)
Assent date 9 December 1977
Commenced 1 January 1978 (s 6)
Transfer of Powers (Self-Government) Ordinance 1978 (Act No. 54, 1978)
Assent date 1 July 1978
Commenced 1 July 1978 (s 8)
Transfer of Powers (Health) Act 1978 (Act No. 122, 1978)
Assent date 21 December 1978
Commenced 1 January 1979 (s 3)
Litter Amendment Act 1990 (Act No. 20, 1990)
Assent date 20 June 1990
Commenced 22 June 1990 (Gaz S37, 22 June 1990)
Sentencing (Consequential Amendments) Act 1996 (Act No. 17, 1996)
Assent date 19 April 1996
Commenced s 7: 19 April 1996; Remainder: 1 July 1996 (s 2, s 2
Sentencing Act 1995 (Act No. 39, 1995) and Gaz S15,
13 June 1996)
Statute Law Revision Act 1997 (Act No. 17, 1997)
Assent date 11 April 1997
Commenced 1 May 1997 (Gaz G17, 30 April 1997, p 2)
Statute Law Revision Act (No. 2) 1998 (Act No. 92, 1998)
Assent date 11 December 1998
Commenced s 25: 20 September 1999 (s 2(1), s 2 Darwin Port Authority
Amendment Act 1998 (Act No. 80, 1998) and Gaz S37,
1 September 1999)
Local Government Act (Consequential Amendments) Act 2008 (Act No. 28, 2008)
Assent date 14 November 2008
Commenced 1 July 2008 (s 2)
Statute Law Revision Act 2009 (Act No. 25, 2009)
Assent date 1 September 2009
Commenced 16 September 2009 (Gaz G37, 16 September 2009, p 3)
Public and Environmental Health Act 2011 (Act No. 7, 2011)
Assent date 16 March 2011
Commenced 1 July 2011 (Gaz S28, 3 June 2011)
Penalties Amendment (Miscellaneous) Act 2013 (Act No. 23, 2013)
Assent date 12 July 2013
Commenced 28 August 2013 (Gaz G35, 28 August 2013, p 2)
ENDNOTES
Litter Act 1972 14
Local Government Amendment Act 2013 (Act No. 28, 2013)
Assent date 8 November 2013
Commenced 8 November 2013
Local Government Amendment Act 2014 (Act No. 19, 2014)
Assent date 2 June 2014
Commenced s 16: 1 July 2014; s 18: 1 December 2014; rem: 2 June 2014
(s 2)
Ports Management (Repeals and Related Consequential Amendments) Act 2015 (Act
No. 12, 2015)
Assent date 22 May 2015
Commenced pt 4 (other than ss 52 and 54 to 56): 9 June 2015; ss 52 and
54 to 56: nc (Act rep by Act No. 20, 2020, before comm);
rem: 1 July 2015 (Gaz S57, 9 June 2015, p 2)
Statute Law Revision Act 2017 (Act No. 4, 2017)
Assent date 10 March 2017
Commenced 12 April 2017 (Gaz G15, 12 April 2017, p 3)
Local Government Act 2019 (Act No. 39, 2019)
Assent date 13 December 2019
Commenced pt 8.6: 1 July 2022; rem: 1 July 2021 (Gaz S27, 30 June 2021)
Amending Legislation
Statute Law Revision Act 2020 (Act No. 26, 2020)
Assent date 19 November 2020
Commenced 20 November 2020 (s 2)
Local Government Amendment Act 2021 (Act No. 15, 2021)
Assent date 25 May 2021
Commenced 26 May 2021 (s 2)
Environment Legislation Amendment Act 2021 (Act No. 22, 2021)
Assent date 18 November 2021
Commenced pt 7: 31 March 2022; rem: 1 February 2022 (Gaz G51,
22 December 2021, p 1)
3 GENERAL AMENDMENTS
General amendments of a formal nature (which are not referred to in the table
of amendments to this reprint) are made by the Ordinances Revision
Ordinance 1973 (Act No. 87, 1973) (as amended) to the following provisions:
ss 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11.
4 GENERAL AMENDMENTS
General amendments of a formal nature (which are not referred to in the table
of amendments to this reprint) are made by the Interpretation Legislation
Amendment Act 2018 (Act No. 22 of 2018) to: ss 1, 3 and 8.
ENDNOTES
Litter Act 1972 15
5 LIST OF AMENDMENTS
lt amd No. 20, 1990, s 10
ss 1 – 2 amd No. 20, 1990, s 10
s 3 amd No. 70, 1972, s 3; No. 29, 1975, s 3; No. 51, 1976, s 4; No. 51, 1977,
s 3; No. 54, 1978, s 3; No. 122, 1978, s 52; No. 20, 1990, ss 4 and 10;
No. 17, 1997, s 17; No. 92, 1998, s 25(1); No. 28, 2008, s 3; No. 25, 2009,
s 10; No. 7, 2011, s 140; No. 28, 2013, s 61; No. 19, 2014, s 26; No. 12,
2015, s 4; No. 39, 2019, s 370
s 4 amd No. 60, 1973, s 3; No. 29, 1975, s 4; No. 51, 1977, s 3; No. 54, 1978,
s 3; No. 20, 1990, ss 5 and 10; No. 19, 2014, s 26; No. 4, 2017, s 34
s 5 amd No. 51, 1976, s 5; No. 51, 1977, s 3; No. 54, 1978, s 3; No. 20, 1990,
s 10
s 6 amd No. 51, 1977, s 3; No. 54, 1978, s 3; No. 20, 1990, ss 6 and 10; No. 17,
1996, s 6; No. 17, 1997, s 17; No. 23, 2013, s 12
s 7 amd No. 20, 1990, ss 7 and 10; No. 23, 2013, s 12
s 8 amd No. 20, 1990, s 10; No. 17, 1996, s 6; No. 12, 2015, s 5
s 9 amd No. 20, 1990, s 10
s 9A ins No. 51, 1976, s 6
amd No. 51, 1977, s 3; No. 54, 1978, s 3; No. 20, 1990, s 10; No. 17, 1996,
s 6; No. 92, 1998, s 25(1); No. 25, 2009, s 10; No. 19, 2014, s 26; No. 12,
2015, s 6
s 10 amd No. 20, 1990, s 10; No. 17, 1996, s 6
s 11 amd No. 20, 1990, s 10; No. 17, 1996, s 6; No. 23, 2013, s 12
s 11A ins No. 51, 1976, s 7
sub No. 20, 1990, s 8
amd No. 28, 2008, s 3; No. 25, 2009, s 10; No. 19, 2014, s 26; No. 12, 2015,
s 7
s 12 amd No. 20, 1990, ss 9 and 10
s 13 ins No. 22, 2021, s 20