372Upper urinary tract dysfunction may be indicated by symptoms and signs including:

372     Upper urinary tract dysfunction may be indicated by symptoms and signs including:

a)      changes in urination;

b)      oedema;

c)       decreased physical stamina;

d)      appetite and weight loss;

e)      anaemia;

f)        uraemia;

g)      loin, abdominal or costovertebral angle pain;

h)      haematuria;

i)        rigours / chills and fever;

j)        hypertension or its complications;

k)      abnormalities in the appearance of the urine or its sediment;

l)        biochemical blood changes.

373     Especially in its early stages, renal disease may only become evident with laboratory findings.

374     Continuous medical treatment includes drug or dietary therapy.

375     Renal replacement therapy includes peritoneal or haemodialysis and renal transplantation.

Table 10.1: The upper urinary tract

• Criteria (criteria in both Category A and Category B must be satisfied if present)
• Category A Category B
• Nerve root Creatinine clearance Other symptom(s)
• 0 >62ml/min and intermittent symptoms and signs of upper urinary tract dysfunction are present but do not require continuous treatment or surveillance.
• 5 52-62ml/min and intermittent symptoms and signs of upper urinary tract dysfunction are present but do not require continuous treatment or surveillance.
• 10 not applicable Loss of one kidney or one kidney not functioning.
• 15 >62ml/min and intermittent symptoms and signs of upper urinary tract dysfunction are present and require continuous surveillance and frequent treatment.
• 20 52-62ml/min and symptoms and signs of upper urinary tract dysfunction are present and require continuous surveillance and frequent treatment.
• 25 not applicable Successful renal transplantation results in marked renal function improvement (regardless of creatinine clearance level).
• 30 43-52ml/min and symptoms and signs of upper urinary tract dysfunction are present and require continuous surveillance and frequent treatment.
• 40 28-42ml/min Not applicable
• 50 43-52ml/min and symptoms and signs of upper urinary tract dysfunction are present and are not completely controlled by surgical or continuous medical treatment.
• 60 <28ml/min Not applicable
• 70 28-42ml/min and symptoms and signs of upper urinary tract dysfunction are present and are not controlled by surgical or continuous treatment.
• 80 <28ml/min and symptoms and signs of upper urinary tract dysfunction are present and are not controlled by surgical or continuous treatment.