168Publication of by‑laws

168  Publication of by‑laws   A by‑law made under this Part:  (a) shall be published in the Gazette, and has no force until so published; and  (b) shall, subject to this Part:  (i) take effect, or be deemed to have taken effect, from the date of publication, or from a date (whether before or after the date of publication) specified by or under the by‑law; or  (ii) have effect, or be deemed to have had effect, for such period (whether before or after the date of publication) as is specified by or under the by‑law.