© 2026 Zoe. All rights reserved.
Zoe is a legal information platform. Always consult the Federal Register of Legislation for authoritative text.
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (National Recovery Plan for the Sandhill dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila)) Instrument 2026
Start here
Turn the raw legal text into a practical explanation grounded in Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (National Recovery Plan for the Sandhill dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila)) Instrument 2026.
Adair, RJ and Groves, RH 1998, Impact of Environmental Weeds on Biodiversity: a Review and Development of a Methodology, Environment Australia, Canberra.
Aitken, PF 1971, ‘Rediscovery of the Large Desert Sminthopsis (Sminthopsis psammophila Spencer) on Eyre Peninsula, South Australia’, Victorian Naturalist, vol. 88, pp. 103-111.
Archer, M 1981, ‘Systematic Revision of the Marsupial Dasyurid Genus Sminthopsis Thomas’, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 168, pp 61-224.
Armstrong, G 2015, ‘Alinytijara Wilurara NRM Fire Management Strategy Review’, unpublished internal report, Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, South Australia.
Atlas of Living Australia (2025), Sminthopsis psammophila : Sandhill Dunnart. Accessed 13 October 2025.
Australian Bureau of Meteorology 2025, Bureau of Meteorology Forecast, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, accessed 13 October 2025.
Australian Government 2011, Survey guidelines for Australia’s threatened mammals. Guidelines for detecting mammals listed as threatened under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra.
Australian Government 2015, Threatened Species Strategy – tackling feral cats, Department of the Environment, Canberra.
Australian Government 2022, Threatened Species Action Plan 2022-2032, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Canberra.
Baynes, A 1987, ‘The original mammal fauna of the Nullarbor and southern peripheral regions’, McKenzie, NL and Robinson, AC (Eds.), A Biological Survey of the Nullarbor region, South and Western Australia, pp. 139-152, Government Printer, Adelaide.
Beard, JS 1974, ‘Great Victoria Desert: the vegetation of the Great Victoria Desert area’, 1:1,000,000 vegetation series, Explanatory Notes to sheet 3, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, WA.
Bell, K (2022) Fauna survey of the Gawler Ranges (2022) Searching for the sandhill dunnart in Gawler Ranges National Park and Conservation Park. Report for SA Arid Lands Landscape Board.
Brandle, Robert and Department for Environment and Heritage. 2010. A biological survey of the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia / [edited by] R Brandle. Science Resource Centre, Information, Science and Technology Directorate, Dept. for Environment and Heritage, South Australia, Adelaide.
Biosecurity SA 2012, South Australia Buffel Grass Strategic Plan 2012-2017, Government of South Australia, Adelaide.
Boulton, J and Foulkes, J 2000, ‘Predator scat analysis for the Sandhill Dunnart Project’, Report to the Wildlife Conservation Fund, Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
Burbidge, AA and McKenzie, NL 1989, ‘Patterns in the modern decline of Western Australia’s vertebrate fauna: causes and conservation implications’, Biological Conservation, vol. 50, pp. 143-198.
Burbidge, AA, McKenzie, NL, Brennan, KEC, Woinarski, JCZ, Dickman, CR, Baynes, A, Gordon, G, Menkhorst, PW and Robinson, AC 2009, ‘Conservation status and biogeography of Australia's terrestrial mammals’, Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 56, pp. 411–422.
Burrows, ND, Burbidge, AA, Fuller, PJ and Behn, G 2006, ‘Evidence of altered fire regimes in the Western Desert region of Australia’, Conservation Science Western Australia, vol. 5(3), pp. 272–284.
Catling, PC 1988, ‘Similarities and contrasts in the diets of foxes, Vulpes vulpes, and cats, Felis catus, relative to fluctuating prey populations and drought’, Australian Wildlife Restoration, vol. 15, pp. 307–317.
Chapman (2016) Survey and monitoring guidelines for the Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila) in Western Australia. Department of Parks and Wildlife for the Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust, Kensington WA.
Chapman (2016) Defining a baseline survey design for the Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila) in the Great Victoria Desert of Western Australia. Department of Parks and Wildlife for the Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust, Kensington WA.
Churchill, S 2001a, Recovery Plan for the Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila), Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
Churchill, S 2001b, Survey and ecological study of the Sandhill Dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila at Eyre Peninsula and the Great Victoria Desert, Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
Churchill, S, 2010, Fauna Trapping Survey – Middleback Range, Unpublished survey data.
Clarke, MF, Avitabile, SC, Brown, L, Callister, KE, Haslem, A, Holland, GJ, Kelly, LT, Kenny, SA, Nimmo, DG, Spence-Bailey, LM, Taylor, RS, Watson, SJ and Bennett, AF 2010, ‘Ageing mallee eucalypt vegetation after fire: insights for successional trajectories in semi–arid mallee ecosystems’, Australian Journal of Botany, vol. 58, pp. 363–372.
Clarke, PJ, Latz, PK and Albrecht, DE 2005, ‘Long-term changes in semi-arid vegetation: Invasion of an exotic perennial grass has larger effects than rainfall variability’, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol. 16, pp. 237–248.
Copley, P 1999, ‘Natural histories of Australia’s stick-nets rats, genus Leporillus (Rodentia: Muridae)’, Wildlife Research, vol. 26, pp. 513–539.
Copley, PB and Kemper, CM (Eds.) 1992, A Biological Survey of the Yellabinna Region, South Australia, in October 1987, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment and Land Management, Government Printer, Adelaide.
Copley, P, Williams, S, Stelmann, J and Allen, R 1999, Ecological Restoration of Northern Eyre, Report for "Ark on Eyre" to the National Parks and Wildlife, SA.
DAWE 2022, Fire regimes that cause declines in biodiversity as a key threatening process, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra.
DCCEEW 2024, Threat abatement plan for predation by feral cats 2024, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Canberra.
Department of Parks and Wildlife 2016, Defining a Baseline Survey Design for the Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila) in the Great Victoria Desert of Western Australia, Western Australia.
Department of Parks and Wildlife 2016, Survey and Monitoring Guidelines for the Sandhill Dunnart in Western Australia, Western Australia.
DEH 2000, Owens, H (eds), Guidelines for vertebrate surveys in South Australia using the biological survey of South Australia.
DENR 2012, Ecological fire management strategy for the Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila), Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
DEWHA 2008, Threat abatement plan for predation by the European red fox, Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.
DEWNR 2014a, ‘Report card: 2014 Regional Snapshot for the Eyre Peninsula NRM region’, Are the extent and connectivity of our native vegetation improving?, Government of South Australia, accessed 2 January 2023.
DEWNR 2014b, Central Eyre Peninsula Fire Management Plan, Government of South Australia, through Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide.
DEWNR 2014c, Fire management strategy 2014, Natural Resources Alinytjara Wilurara. Government of South Australia, through the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide.
Doherty, TS, Davis, RA, van Etten, EJB, Algar, D, Collier, N, Dickman, CR, Edwards, G, Masters, P, Palmer, R and Robinson, S 2015, ‘A continental-scale analysis of feral cat diet in Australia’, Journal of Biogeography, vol. 42, pp. 964–975.
EBS 2007, ‘Jacinth–Ambrosia Mineral Sands Project, Eucla Basin’, Threatened Species Management Plan October 2007, prepared by Environmental and Biodiversity Services for Iluka Resources Limited, South Australia.
EBS 2009, Sandhill Dunnart Survey, Barton Regional Exploration Program, prepared by Environmental and Biodiversity Services for Iluka Resources Limited, South Australia.
Tropicana Joint Venture 2010, ‘Tropicana Gold Project – public environmental review: response to submissions’, no. 1745, EPBC 2008/4270, AngloGold Ashanti Australia and Independence Group NL.
EPA 2010, Report and Recommendations 1361 of the Environment Protection Authority, Perth, Western Australia.
Eyre Peninsula Project Group 1973, Lake Gilles Conservation Park Survey, unpublished report by the Nature Conservation Society of South Australia, Adelaide.
Ferguson, J 2008, Husbandry Manual for the Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila) (Mammalia: DASYURIDAE), Box Hill Institute of TAFE for Perth Zoo.
Gaikhorst, G and Lambert, C 2002, Fauna Trapping Survey – Great Victoria Desert (October 2001), unpublished report to the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Gaikhorst, G and Lambert, C 2006, Fauna Trapping Survey – Great Victoria Desert (March and October 2005), unpublished report to the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Gaikhorst, G and Lambert, C 2007, Fauna Trapping Survey – Great Victoria Desert (April 2006), unpublished report to the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Gaikhorst, G. and Lambert, C. 2008. Fauna Trapping Survey – Great Victoria Desert (April 2007). Unpublished report to the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Gaikhorst, G. and Lambert, C. 2009. Fauna Trapping Survey – Great Victoria Desert (March, May and October 2008). Unpublished report to the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
Gaikhorst, G and Lambert, C 2014, Sandhill Dunnart – a species review and where this elusive little beast lives in Western Australia, Goldfields Environmental Management Group Workshop proceedings.
Gaikhorst, G, Lambert, C, Adams, M, Churchill, S and Spencer, PBS, ‘Sandhill dunnarts (Sminthopsis psammophila) show little differentiation between populations from South Australia and Western Australia,’ Australian Mammalogy, note.
GHD 2020, Gaikhorst, G (eds), Survey and Monitoring Guidelines for the Sandhill Dunnart in Western Australia, prepared for Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust.
Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust 2016, Sandhill Dunnart Research and Adaptive Management Plan Western Australia (PDF: 1.65MB).
Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust 2017, ‘Part A – Strategic Plan’, Great Victoria Desert Adaptive Management Implementation Plan, pp. 59.
Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust 2017, ‘Part B – Work Plan’, Great Victoria Desert Adaptive Management Implementation Plan, pp. 50.
Greening Australia 2019, Great Victoria Desert Targeted Sandhill Dunnart and Malleefowl Survey 2018 Final report, prepared for the Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust.
Hart, RP and Kitchener, DJ 1986, ‘First record of Sminthopsis psammophila (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) from Western Australia’, Records of the West Australian Museum, vol. 13, pp. 139–144.
Hateley, RF and Hateley, R 2010, ‘Fire–stick farming in Victorian forests’, The Victorian bush: its 'original and natural' condition, Polybractea Press, South Melbourne.
Holden, C and Mutze, G 2002, ‘Impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on introduced predators in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia’, Wildlife Research, vol. 29, pp. 615–626.
How, T and Bignall, J 2009, ‘EBS Sandhill dunnart survey’, Barton Regional Exploration Program, unpublished report to Iluka Resources Ltd.
Humphries, SE, Groves, RH and Mitchell, DS 1991, Plant invasions of Australian ecosystems: a status review and management directions, CSIRO, Canberra.
Humphries, SE, Groves, RH and Mitchell, DS 1993, ‘Plant Invasions: homogenizing Australian ecosystems’, Conservation Biology in Australia and Oceania, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, pp. 149–170.
IUCN 2001, International Union for the Conservation of Nature: Red List categories, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.
Johnson, CN and Isaac, JL 2009, ‘Body mass and extinction in Australian marsupials: The ‘Critical Weight Range’ revisited’, Austral Ecology, vol. 34, pp. 35–40.
Lambert, C, Gaikhorst, G and Matson, P 2011, ‘Captive breeding of the sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae): Reproduction, Husbandry and Growth and Development’, Australian Mammalogy, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 21–27.
Landscape South Australia Alinytjara Wilurara 2025, Buffel grass. Accessed 13 October 2025.
Latz, P 1995, Bushfires and Bushtucker, Aboriginal plant use in Central Australia, IAD Press, Alice Springs.
Lawson, BE, Bryant, MJ and Franks, AJ 2004, ‘Assessing the potential distribution of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L) in Australia using a climate-soil model’, Plant Protection Quarterly, vol. 19, pp. 155–163.
Marshall, V, Lewis, M and Ostendorf B 2012, ‘Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) as an invader and threat to biodiversity in arid environments: A review’, Journal of Arid Environments, vol. 78, pp. 1–12.
McGregor, H, Legge, S, Jones, ME and Johnson, CN 2015, ‘Feral cats are better killers in open habitats, revealed by animal-borne video’, PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 12.
McLean, A 2012, Conservation and management of an endangered marsupial, the Sandhill Dunnart Sminthopsis psammophila in a semi-arid environment, final report for a 2011 Lirabenda Endowment Fund Grant, University of Adelaide.
McLean, A 2015, Conservation biology of an endangered semi–arid marsupial, the Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila), Ph.D. thesis, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide.
McLean, AL, Cooper, SJB, Lancaster, ML, Gaikhorst, G, Lambert, C, Moseby, K, Read, J, Ward, M and Carthew, SM 2019, ‘Small marsupial, big dispersal? Broad– and fine–scale genetic structure of an endangered marsupial from the Australian arid zone,’ Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 66, pp. 214–227.
Middleback Alliance 2015, Ecological Horizons Initiatives Middleback Alliance, accessed 23 December 2022.
Morelli, J 1992, Fire Management in the Great Victoria Desert, South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Moseby, KE and Hill, BM 2011, ‘The use of poison baits to control feral cats and red foxes in arid South Australia 1. Aerial baiting trials,’ Wildlife Research, vol. 38, pp. 338–349.
Moseby, KE (Ecological Horizons) and Lynch, CM (2020) Sandhill Dunnart Surveys. Pinkawillinie Conservation Park and Gawler Ranges National Park. Report for SA Arid Lands Landscape Board.
Moseby, KE, Nano, T and Southgate, R 2009, Tales in the Sand: A guide to identifying arid zone fauna using spoor and other sign, Ecological Horizons, South Australia.
Moseby, K, Read, J, McLean, A, Ward, M and Rogers, DJ 2016, ‘How high is your hummock? The importance of Triodia height as a habitat predictor for an endangered marsupial in a fire-prone environment,’ Austral Ecology, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 382–395.
Alinytjara Wilurara Landscape Board 2015, Sandhill dunnart recovery program, accessed 2 January 2023.
NCSSA 1967, Survey of Hambidge Wilderness Protection Area, unpublished report, Nature Conservation Society of South Australia.
Paltridge, R 2002, ‘The diets of cats, foxes and dingoes in relation to prey availability in the Tanami Desert, Northern Territory’, Wildlife Research, vol. 29, pp. 389–403.
Paltridge, R, Gibson, D and Edwards, G 1997, ‘Diet of the feral cat (Felis catus) in Central Australia’, Wildlife Research, vol. 24, pp. 67–76.
Paltridge, R, Latz, P, Pickburn, A and Eldridge, S 2009, Management Plan for Rare and Threatened Flora in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands of South Australia, Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia.
Parker, SA 1973, ‘An annotated checklist of the native land mammals of the Northern Territory’, Records of the South Australian Museum, vol. 16, pp. 1–57.
Pearson, DJ and Churchill, S 2008, ‘Sandhill Dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila’, Van Dyck, S and Strahan, R (eds), The Mammals of Australia, Reed New Holland, Sydney, pp 156–158.
Pearson, DJ and Robinson, AC 1989, ‘New records of the Sandhill Dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in South and Western Australia’, Australian Mammalogy, vol. 13, pp. 57–59.
Philp, B 2011, Foraging behaviour and habitat use of the sandhill dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila), The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
Price, OF, Penman, TD, Bradstock, RA, Boer, MM and Clark, H 2015, ‘Biogeographical variation in the potential effectiveness of prescribed fire in south–eastern Australia’, Journal of Biogeography, pp. 1–12.
Read, JL and Bowen, Z 2001, ‘Population dynamics, diet and aspects of the biology of feral cats and foxes in arid South Australia’, Wildlife Research, vol. 28, pp. 195−203.
Read, J and Moseby, K 2009, Monitoring Sandhill Dunnarts in the Great Victoria Desert, unpublished survey data, Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
Read, John L, Ward, Matthew J and Moseby, Katherine E 2015, ‘Factors that influence trap success of sandhill dunnarts (Sminthopsis psammophila) and other small mammals in Triodia dunefields of South Australia’, Australian Mammalogy, vol. 37, pp. 212–218.
RFLG 2015, Guiding principles for fire management in the WA rangelands, The Rangelands Fire Leadership Group, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia.
Riley, JL 2020, Spatial ecology and conservation management of the endangered Sandhill Dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila, doctoral dissertation, University of Bristol.
Riley, J, Turpin, JM, Zeale, MR, Jayatilaka, B and Jones, G, 2021a, ‘Diurnal sheltering preferences and associated conservation management for the endangered sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila’, Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 102, pp. 588-602.
Riley, J, Zeale, MRK, Razgour, O, Turpin, J and Jones, G 2021b, ‘Predicting the past, present and future distributions of an endangered marsupial in a semi-arid environment’, Animal Conservation, vol. 24, pp. 890-903.
Riley, J, Heterick, B, Zeale, MR, Turpin, JM, Jayatilaka, B and Jones, G 2022. ‘The ranging, habitat selection, and foraging ecology of an endangered small desert mammal, the sandhill dunnart Sminthopsis psammophila,’ Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 103, pp. 1141-1152.
Robinson, T, Gaikhorst, G, Pearson, D and Copley, P 2008, ‘Sminthopsis psammophila’, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, ver. 2015.2, accessed on 13 August 2015.
Raymond, OL, Liu, SF, Kilgour, P, Retter, AJ, Stewart, AJ and Stewart, G 2007, Surface geology of Australia 1: 1,000,000 scale (2nd Ed), Geoscience Australia, Canberra.
Ruscalleda-Alvarez, J, Moro, D and Van Dongen, R 2021, ‘A multi-scale assessment of fire scar mapping in the Great Victoria Desert of Western Australia’, International Journal of Wildland Fire.
Sandhill Dunnart Workshop 2014, Sandhill Dunnart Workshop Talk Book, accessed 5th August 2015.
Spencer, WB 1896 (Eds), Report on the work of the Horn Scientific Expedition to Central Australia, part 1, pp. 84, Melville, Mullen and Slade, Melbourne.
The Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust 2016, Sandhill Dunnart – research and adaptive management plan, Great Victoria Biodiversity Trust, Western Australia.
The Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust 2015a, Expression of Interest: Sandhill Dunnart – defining a baseline survey design in the Great Victoria Desert, due 31 July 2015.
The Great Victoria Desert Biodiversity Trust 2015b, Expression of Interest: Sandhill Dunnart survey and monitoring protocol, due 31 July 2015.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) 2013, Listing advice on the Key threatening process Novel biota and their impact on biodiversity, Department of the Environment, Canberra.
TSSC (Threatened Species Scientific Committee) 2015, Conservation advice Sminthopsis psammophila (Sandhill dunnart), Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Canberra.
Turpin, JM and Johnstone, RE 2017, ‘An isolated population of the southern scrub-robin (Drymodes brunneopygia) in the Great Victoria Desert’, Pacific Conservation Biology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 95-106.
Turpin, J and Lloyd, R 2014, Sunrise Dam – Tropicana infrastructure corridor fauna survey, Kingfisher Environmental Consulting for AngloGold Ashanti Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
Turpin, J and Riley, JL 2017, Sandhill dunnart monitoring, Kingfisher Environmental Consulting for AngloGold Ashanti Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
Turpin, J and Riley, JL 2021, Sandhill dunnart monitoring, Kingfisher Environmental Consulting for AngloGold Ashanti Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
Van Dyck, S, Gynther, I and Baker, A 2013, Field companion to the mammals of Australia, New Holland Publishers.
Ward, MJ (unpublished), Sandhill Dunnart monitoring data collected in South Australia from 2007 to 2010, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia.
Ward, MJ 2009, Sandhill dunnart Sminthopsis psammophila monitoring and survey in the Great Victoria Desert, South Australia, 2008–2009. Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
Ward, MJ, Read, J and Moseby, K 2008, Monitoring Sandhill Dunnarts, Sminthopsis psammophila, in the Great Victorian Desert, Wildlife Conservation Fund, Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
Warland, I and Mills, R 2011, Dozer / roller track creation procedure (unpublished report), Iluka Resources Limited, Australia.
Waudby, H, How, T, Frazer, D and Obst, C 2007, South Australian Recovery Plan Review 2007: Findings, Patterns, and Recommendations, Federal Department for Environment and Heritage, Canberra.
Way, S 2008, Sandhill Dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila) surveys on eastern Eyre Peninsula, SA, Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia.
Woinarski, JCZ and Burbidge, AA 2016, ‘Sminthopsis psammophila’, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.
Woinarski, JCZ, Burbidge, AA and Harrison, PL 2014, The action plan for Australian mammals 2012, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
Woinarski, JC, Burbidge, AA and Harrison, PL 2015, ‘Ongoing unravelling of a continental fauna: Decline and extinction of Australian mammals since European settlement’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112, no. 15, pp. 4531–4540.
Woolley, LA, Geyle, HM, Murphy, BP, Legge, SM, Palmer, R, Dickman, CR, Augusteyn, J, Comer, S, Doherty, TS, Eager, C and Edwards, G 2019. ‘Introduced cats Felis catus eating a continental fauna: inventory and traits of Australian mammal species killed,’ Mammal Review, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 354-368.
Zichy-Woinarski, JC, Traill, B, and Booth, C 2014, The Modern Outback: Nature, people and the future of remote Australia.