Currency (Royal Australian Mint) Determination (No. 3) 2018

The instrument rests on two linked legal-concept mechanisms: (1) the statutory effecting of the Currency Act’s Schedule to treat specified denominations and compositions as the legal standard, and (2) the specification of physical and pictorial characteristics of coins by reference to a single Schedule. Section 5 is the vehicle that causes the Schedule to be read as if the specified denominations and their standard compositions were included in the Schedule to the Currency Act, it thereby changes the Act’s operative catalogue of standard compositions for coins. Section 6 is the vehicle that sets the physical parameters for coin specification, and it includes an explicit measurement rule for concave coins (s 6(3): references to maximum diameter for circular concave coins mean the shortest diameter).

Key technical fields in the Schedule comprise:

• Denomination and standard composition: plain language indications of metal/alloy and for bullion pieces minimum purities, for example Items 6, 11, 14, 16-17 specify silver content "At least 99.9% silver" and Items 7, 13, 15 specify "At least 99.99% gold". The phrasing "at least" in those entries is itself part of the specification (see Part 1 table).
• Weight and allowable variation: numeric standards and tolerances are presented in the table under the column headed "Standard weight and allowable variation (g)". The presentation includes different formatting conventions: many entries use "±" to show symmetrical tolerances (for example Item 1: 2.83 ± 0.33), while several bullion and commemorative entries are shown with a plus sign (for example Item 6: 31.103 + 3.00, Item 8: 1000 + 9.50). The instrument expressly states that each item "specifies the standard weight, the allowable variation from that standard weight" (s 6(2)).
• Dimensions and shapes: maximum diameter/other dimension and maximum thickness columns are numeric, and shapes are coded (S1 circular, S2 dodecagonal, S3 circular concave), with the concave measurement rule in s 6(3).
• Edge and obverse/reverse design codes: edge codes E1-E3 describe milling or plain edges; obverse codes O1-O4 define the Queen’s effigy and inscriptions in different configurations; reverse codes R1-R18 are fully described in Part 2, identifying subject matter and textual inscriptions (for example commemorative inscriptions, bullion weight and purity marks, designer initials).

Conceptually, the instrument converts design and metallurgical choices into legally operative standards that are to be treated as part of the Currency Act’s Schedule. That conversion makes the listed specifications the benchmark for what counts as the standard composition and physical form of the identified denominations. The instrument does not itself create a general legal-tender declaration for new denominations, nor does it append penalties; it is a technical schedule-making instrument with the explicit legal effect described in s 5(2) and s 6(2).

The instrument creates legally binding specifications that will affect several identifiable groups, as implied by the content of the Schedule and the statutory mechanism it employs.

• Royal Australian Mint and Mint production staff: The Mint is the body that will manufacture coins to the specifications. The Schedule supplies the specific manufacturing parameters that are authoritative for a range of commemorative, circulating and bullion items (weights, compositions, diameters, shapes, edges, obverse and reverse design elements). The instrument is expressed as a determination made under the Currency Act, and although it does not name operational orders to the Mint, it alters the legal standard the Mint must meet for the listed items (see s 5(2) and s 6(2)).
• Government officials and the Assistant Minister to the Treasurer: The determination is made by the Assistant Minister to the Treasurer (instrument dated 18 June 2018, signed by Michael Sukkar). The decision-maker under the statutory power is therefore the relevant Ministerial actor (s 3). Those officials are accountable for initiating and registering this determination and for ensuring it complies with the enabling provisions of the Currency Act.
• Cash-handling businesses and equipment manufacturers: The Schedule stipulates physical measures (weight, diameter/other dimension, thickness, shape, edge type). Coin-accepting and coin-sorting machine manufacturers, banking and retail coin-counting equipment operators, vending machine owners, transport ticketing operators and tolling operators are affected because those machines rely on weight, dimension, shape and edge characteristics to identify and validate coins. The precise table entries (for example Item 9/10 for 50 cent dodecagonal with 15.55 ± 0.96 g and 31.65 mm diameter, Item 2-5 $1 circular 25.12 mm diameter, Items 12 and 18-20 $2 coins 20.78 mm diameter) are the technical references.
• Financial institutions and cash logistics providers: Banks and cash-in-transit operators that transport, authenticate and store coin will interact with coinage specified by this instrument as that coin becomes legal tender or an authorised issue of the Mint. The Schedule lists commemorative and bullion items that may enter circulation or remain as collector items (for example 1 oz gold $100 coins, $30 1 kg silver pieces).
• Bullion dealers, investors and numismatists: Several items are explicitly bullion or precious metal collector pieces, with minimum purities and weight inscriptions expressed in the reverse-design descriptions (for example R6, R7, R13, R14, R15 etc showing inscriptions like '1oz .999 Ag', '1/4oz .9999 Au', '1 OUNCE OF FINE GOLD'). These specifications will be material to market valuation, assay testing and marketing claims for bullion dealers and collectors.
• Manufacturers and suppliers of alloys and plating services: The composition column contains both alloy specifications ("copper and nickel", "copper, aluminium and nickel") and bullion purity thresholds ("at least 99.9% silver", "at least 99.99% gold") and some plated items ("at least 99.9% silver with partial gold plating"). Suppliers must be able to meet those declared compositions and plating processes if they are supplying metal inputs or services to the Mint.
• Designers and intellectual-property agents: Each reverse design is identified and linked to designer initials appearing on the coin (for example 'AWB', 'BK', 'AS'). The specification in Part 2 sets out the exact textual and pictorial motifs to be used for each reverse and obverse design code; the Mint, designers and any licensing agents must implement those design specifications faithfully.

The instrument does not itself create new obligations for private parties beyond those that flow from the production and use of coins satisfying the listed specifications. It does not set penalties for non-compliance in the instrument text, nor does it state procurement funding or commercial-sale rules. It changes how the Currency Act is to be read with respect to standard compositions and gives precise mechanical attributes which are the basis for production and market interactions.

The instrument primarily imposes specification duties and confers no new civil rights or remedies within its own text. The legal effects translate into operational duties in two forms.

Statutory specification duties:

• The Currency Act is to be read as if the Schedule includes the denominations and compositions specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 (s 5(2)(a)-(b)). The effect is that the specified standard composition entries become the authoritative benchmarks under the Act for the listed denominations. This is a duty in the sense that future determinations, Mint production and legal interpretation should adopt these specifications when reference is made to the Schedule to the Act.
• Section 6(2) requires that, from commencement, each listed item in Part 1 of Schedule 1 specifies the standard weight, allowable variation, design and dimensions of the coin. The legal consequence is that these technical specifications are treated as authoritative for the purposes of the Act.

Operational duties for implementers:

• The Mint and any contractors manufacturing or subcontracting components must produce coins that conform to the standard composition, weight and tolerances, shapes, edges and inscriptions described in Part 1 and explained in Part 2. Part 2 provides the definitional content for symbols used in Part 1 (for example O1, R1 etc).
• Where the Schedule describes bullion pieces with inscriptions such as '1oz .999 Ag' or '1/4oz .9999 Au', the specification in the reverse design includes weight and purity inscriptions; producing coins bearing those inscriptions will carry an operational duty to ensure the inscribed weight and purity correspond to actual composition, since those inscriptions are part of the design listed in the instrument (see R6, R7, R13, R14, R15, R16).

Rights and entitlements:

• The instrument does not create a private right of action for damages or a statutory entitlement to payment. It does, however, create an authoritative standard that may be relied upon by stakeholders in contractual and regulatory contexts. For example, a vendor or machine manufacturer calibrating equipment can rely on the Schedule’s numeric dimensions and allowable tolerances as the authoritative source of technical requirements.
• Designers whose initials are recorded (for example 'IRB', 'AWB', 'BK', 'AS') are publicly associated with particular coin designs through the Schedule; the instrument records design attribution within the legal specification itself.

Silences and limits:

• The instrument does not include enforcement provisions, sanctions or procedural directions for how conformity will be tested or proved. It expressly disclaims alteration of other determinations (s 5(3), s 6(5)), which preserves prior determinations but also means obligations created elsewhere remain relevant. The instrument does not allocate costs for production, distribution or adaptation of private equipment to new specifications; the text is silent on funding or compensation.

In sum, the primary "duties" are specification duties that bind how the Currency Act is to be read and how Mint production should occur; rights are mainly reliance-based, arising from the instrument’s function as the authoritative technical source.

The determination itself contains no penalty provisions and no bespoke enforcement mechanism. It is a specification instrument that operates by changing the way the Currency Act is to be read with respect to certain denominations and by declaring physical and design parameters for the listed coins. The text contains no express criminal or civil penalty, no administrative sanction, and no procedure for prosecution or penalty imposition within the instrument.

Relevant textual points in the instrument:

• Sections 5 and 6 focus on the modification of the Act’s operation and the specification of weights, tolerances and designs. There is an explicit non-derogation clause in both s 5(3) and s 6(5), which states that the section "does not affect any other provision of a determination made for the purposes of paragraph 13(2)(b) [or subsection 13A(1)] of the Act". That preserves other determinations which may contain enforcement mechanisms, but does not itself supply them.
• The instrument’s mechanics are to be read in conjunction with the Currency Act 1965, because it is made "under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965" (s 3). Any offences, enforcement powers or penalty regimes related to coinage or to contraventions of the Currency Act would remain in the Currency Act or other relevant legislation; this determination is silent on those matters.

Practical implications of that silence:

• Enforcement of conformity with the specified physical and pictorial standards will fall to the practical mechanisms used by the Royal Australian Mint, the Department of the Treasury and any regulatory functions retained under the Currency Act. The instrument does not specify how assay, testing or conformity checks are to be carried out, nor does it say which agency will carry out compliance audits.
• Private parties that produce or market coins purporting to be compliant with these specifications may face commercial, contractual or regulatory consequences under other laws or contractual terms, but such consequences are not set out in this determination.

What a practitioner should note:

• If enforcement or penalties are material to a client matter, consult the Currency Act 1965 and any other regulations or determinations made under the Act to identify offences and enforcement powers, because this instrument does not itself prescribe them. The instrument’s legal effect is confined to specification of denominations, composition and physical attributes; enforcement mechanisms must be sought in the Currency Act or subordinate instruments that are not contained in this text.

This determination operates as a subordinate instrument made under the Currency Act 1965 and its interaction with other laws must be read through that parent statute. The instrument’s own text clarifies some interaction points and preserves others.

Interaction with the Currency Act 1965:

• The instrument is expressly made under the authority conferred by paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965 (s 3). Sections 5(2) and 6(2) state that the Act "has effect" as if the Schedule to the Act included the denominations and specified standard compositions and as if each item sets standard weight, allowable variation, design and dimensions. That mechanism integrates the instrument into the legal fabric by effectively amending the catalogue of standards the Act refers to.
• Sections 5(3) and 6(5) make clear that this determination does not affect any other provision of other determinations made for the same purposes, preserving previous determinations’ effect. That means this instrument supplements rather than purports to supplant other determinations, unless they are inconsistent and the Act’s interpretive rules resolve that inconsistency.

Interaction with statutory legal-tender rules and criminal provisions:

• The instrument does not itself declare which coins are legal tender or set out criminal prohibitions for defacement, counterfeiting or mishandling of currency, nor does it reproduce the Currency Act’s provisions on legal tender or offences. Any interaction with offences, counterfeit laws, or legal-tender rules must therefore be traced back to the Currency Act or other statutes, which are not set out in this instrument. The instrument modifies what the Act will treat as the "standard composition" and the physical attributes of listed coins, which is relevant to legal-tender definitions and counterfeit offences in the parent Act, but the instrument does not itself create or amend those legal-tender or offence rules.

Interaction with procurement, trade and consumer laws:

• The Schedule’s detailed specifications may interact with procurement law and contract specifications when the Mint enters contracts with suppliers or manufacturers. The instrument prescribes mandatory technical specifications; procurement contracts will need to incorporate or reference those standards.
• Consumer-protection and trade practices laws are not mentioned, but any representations made about the metal content of coins sold to the public (for example bullion pieces stating '1oz .999 Ag') will be constrained by general consumer and trade laws outside this instrument. The instrument itself makes those inscriptions part of the design specification (see reverse descriptions R6, R7, R13 etc), which means a mismatch between inscription and actual composition could have consequences under other statutes, though those statutes are not invoked here.

Interaction with machine-acceptance standards and private contracts:

• The instrument’s technical numeric specifications will be the authoritative source when private contracts or machine manufacturers set acceptance thresholds for coin-handling equipment. Operators who rely on older dimensions or compositions must take into account the instrument’s specifications when negotiating contracts or upgrading equipment; the determination is the primary legal source for those technical features.

Interaction with intellectual-property or design law:

• The Schedule records designers’ initials and specific design elements. The instrument does not grant or define intellectual-property rights; those rights, licences and assignments will be governed by contract and copyright/design law outside this text. The instrument’s recording of designer attribution may assist in evidencing authorship in external IP disputes, but it does not itself create IP rights.

In short, this determination modifies how the Currency Act is to be read on technical standards and supplies the authoritative technical specifications for coin production. For questions of offences, legal tender, procurement consequences, consumer law or IP rights, the instrument must be read in conjunction with the relevant primary statutes and contracts, because those matters are outside the scope of the instrument’s text.

The document supplied is a single determination titled "Currency (Royal Australian Mint) Determination (No. 3) 2018", dated 18 June 2018 and signed by Michael Sukkar, Assistant Minister to the Treasurer. Section 1 records the instrument name, section 2 states that it "commences on the day after it is registered", and section 3 records the statutory authority under which it is made. The Schedule to the instrument is the operative technical component.

Within the instrument there are two statements that limit its interaction with other determinations and thus bear on amendment history:

• Section 5(3) states "This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for the purposes of paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act."
• Section 6(5) states "This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for the purposes of subsection 13A(1) of the Act."

Those provisions indicate that the instrument is intended to sit alongside prior or future determinations, and that it is not intended to obliterate connected provisions in other determinations. Practically, that means the Act’s Schedule can be incrementally expanded or adjusted by subsequent determinations.

What the instrument itself records as history:

• The instrument text does not record prior versions of Schedule entries, nor does it note which earlier determinations are affected, superseded, or complemented. It makes no reference to prior determinations by date or number.
• The determinate date of signature is 18 June 2018; commencement occurs upon registration , the instrument states that commencement is the day after registration (s 2). The instrument does not include an explicit registration date in the text provided here, but the dating indicates its creation date.

Practical implications for tracing amendments:

• Because the instrument amends how the Currency Act is to be read (s 5(2), s 6(2)), any legal research on the operative Schedule to the Currency Act must account for this determination as part of the statutory matrix. To reconstruct amendment history or determine precedence among determinations, one must examine the register of determinations and any prior determinations made under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965.
• The instrument’s non-derogation clauses (s 5(3), s 6(5)) require a researcher to identify related determinations and note that this instrument neither amends nor invalidates other determinations except insofar as the mechanics of the Act’s Schedule require. The instrument therefore forms part of a potentially larger body of subordinate instruments that together define coin standards.

In summary, the document supplied records a single instrument with a creation date of 18 June 2018 and contains clauses preserving the effect of other determinations; it does not itself provide a consolidated amendment history or list the determinations it modifies. For a full amendment trail, consult the statutory instrument register and earlier determinations made under the specific subsections of the Currency Act.

The instrument as provided contains no record of litigation, no references to judicial decisions, and no citations of precedent. There are no cases named in the text, and no section of the instrument refers to litigation or dispute-resolution procedures. The instrument is a technical determination that prescribes specifications; it does not itself create a dispute mechanism or adjudicative pathway.

What to take from that silence:

• There is no litigation history within the instrument text; if litigation exists that challenges either the making of determinations under the Currency Act or the content of particular coin specifications, such material is not recorded in the instrument and must be sought in court databases and legal reports external to this document.
• The instrument’s statements that it is made under specific provisions of the Currency Act (s 3) indicate the legal basis for its making. Any challenge to the instrument’s validity would therefore need to engage with the procedural and substantive rules in the Currency Act and administrative law principles applicable to delegated legislation. None of that material appears in the present text.

Practical research steps for litigators:

• If a client is contemplating litigation or defence relating to coin specifications, counterfeiting, or disputes over whether a coin complies with the Schedule, the instrument provides the authoritative technical specification to be used as evidence in any proceedings. However, litigators must look elsewhere to determine causes of action, enforcement mechanisms, evidentiary standards, or remedies, because such matters are governed by the Currency Act and other statutes and are not set out here.
• For challenges to ministerial action in making determinations, an administrative-law analysis would require reference to the Currency Act’s delegation, any relevant procedural requirements for making and registering determinations, and general administrative-law doctrines, which are outside the text provided.

In short, the instrument contains no litigation history or case law references; any litigation context must be constructed from other legal sources that govern currency, delegated legislation and public administration.

This Schedule contains several drafting and practical features that warrant careful attention because they can produce surprises in interpretation, manufacture or commercial usage.

1. Variation notation is inconsistent:

• Many table entries use ± to denote symmetrical allowable variation (for example Item 1: 2.83 ± 0.33 g), while several bullion or commemorative entries use a plus sign (for example Item 6: 31.103 + 3.00, Item 8: 1000 + 9.50). Section 6(2) states each item "specifies the standard weight, the allowable variation", but the formatting is inconsistent in the Schedule itself. Practitioners should not assume symmetrical tolerances where the Schedule presents only a plus sign; instead, rely on the verb in s 6(2) and the literal table entries. Clarify with the Mint or the legislative register if the plus notation is intended to carry a particular practical meaning.

2. Multiple entries for the same denomination with different designs and physical measures:

• Several denominations appear multiple times with different reverses, shapes or thicknesses. For example there are four separate $1 entries (Items 2-5) all with identical standard composition and weight but different reverse designs R2-R5. There are multiple $2 entries (Items 12, 18-20) with different thicknesses and sometimes different obverse codes. There are multiple $5 and $100 items with different shapes and dimensions (Items 6, 11, 16-17; Items 13, 15). The Schedule therefore contemplates distinct authorised variants of a single denomination that may differ materially in shape or thickness. This has operational consequences for machine acceptance and for which items count as standard composition under the Act.

3. The definition of diameter for concave coins:

• Section 6(3) expressly states that a reference to maximum diameter for circular concave coins is a reference to the shortest diameter. For S3 coins (circular concave), readers must apply the shortest diameter measurement, not the long axis. That matters because concave geometry can yield different effective diameters.

4. Obverse and reverse design codes carry substantive textual requirements:

• Part 2 contains detailed expressed textual inscriptions that form part of the design. For example O1 requires the effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the inscriptions ‘ELIZABETH II’, ‘AUSTRALIA’, a year and ‘IRB’. Reverse entries may include weight and purity inscriptions such as ‘1oz .999 Ag’ and designer initials. These textual inscriptions are part of the legal specification; they are not mere artistic guidance. Coins produced must reflect those inscriptions exactly to conform to the Schedule’s descriptions.

5. The phrase "at least" in precious metal specifications:

• Several entries use phrasing such as "At least 99.9% silver" and "At least 99.99% gold". The Schedule thus sets a minimum purity rather than an exact purity for those items. This has implications for assay and marketing claims, and for any contractual warranties regarding precious-metal content.

6. Partial plating and mixed finishes:

• Some items are described as "at least 99.9% silver with partial gold plating" (Item 11 and Item 14 reverse descriptions also speak to gold-plated backgrounds). Partial plating is called out in the composition and in the reverse design description. Plating alters surface appearance but may not materially affect net precious-metal weight in the same way as homogeneous alloys; ensure plating details are specified in procurement and assay protocols.

7. Designer initials and artistic detail are specified:

• Designer initials such as ‘IRB’, ‘AWB’, ‘BK’, ‘AS’ are included in the obverse/reverse design descriptions. These initials are part of the design standard, and may evidence the human authorship of the design. If a dispute arises about whether a minted specimen conforms to the specification, the presence or absence of designer initials as set out in Part 2 will be relevant.

8. Some entries include non-standard shapes:

• Item 9/10 specify S2 dodecagonal 50 cent coins, Item 15, 16 and 17 refer to S3 concave coins. Machines that rely on circular geometry may treat these coins differently; the instrument’s comment on concave diameter measurement (s 6(3)) is a key interpretive rule.

9. The instrument does not set out legal-tender thresholds or circulation intent:

• Several items are clearly commemorative or bullion in nature (for example large-format $30 1 kg silver coin; $100 gold bullion). The instrument does not clarify whether these are intended for general circulation, legal tender status beyond being listed in the Act’s Schedule, or for sale to collectors. That practical status must be derived from the Currency Act or public announcements by the Mint.

10. Ambiguity over "maximum diameter or other dimension" label:

• The table column is headed "Maximum diameter or other dimension (mm)". For non-circular shapes (S2 dodecagonal, concave S3), the table expects a meaningful "other dimension". Practitioners should confirm which measurement point is authoritative for non-circular items (s 6(3) clarifies only concave circular).

In short, the Schedule’s technical detail requires careful literal reading. Differences in notation, multiple variant entries for the same face value, and the inclusion of inscriptions and designer initials make precise compliance a matter of matching the table and Part 2 text exactly.

For parties required to implement, procure, manufacture, calibrate or otherwise rely on these coin specifications, the following practical compliance steps, grounded in the instrument’s provisions, will be relevant.

1. Treat the Schedule as the authoritative technical source:

• Sections 5(2) and 6(2) integrate the Schedule into the operative effect of the Currency Act and make the table entries the legal specification. Any compliance program should use Part 1 and Part 2 of Schedule 1 as the primary source for technical and design requirements.

2. Exact textual and inscription matching:

• Part 2 lists the full obverse and reverse descriptions. Ensure that the die design specifications and final proofs precisely replicate the inscriptions indicated (for example ‘ELIZABETH II’, ‘AUSTRALIA’, year, denominations in words or numerals where required, and designations of weight/purity such as ‘1oz .999 Ag’). Because the instrument makes these inscriptions part of the design standard, mismatch between inscription and actual metal content could create regulatory and commercial exposure under laws outside the instrument.

3. Metallurgy and assay:

• For alloyed circulating items (for example "copper and nickel", "copper, aluminium and nickel"), maintain supply chain documentation and metallurgical certificates for inputs used in manufacture. For bullion items with minimum purities ("at least 99.9% silver", "at least 99.99% gold"), ensure assay testing and chain-of-custody records confirm compliance with the declared minimums. Where the Schedule requires plating, document plating processes and thicknesses.

4. Weight and dimensional tolerancing:

• Implement manufacturing quality-control processes that verify standard weight and allowable variation as set out in the table. Pay careful attention to the notation used in the Schedule (± versus +). If the instrument’s formatting leaves doubt as to symmetric versus one-sided tolerances, obtain clarification from the Mint or the Department of the Treasury prior to mass production. For concave coins (S3), apply the shortest diameter measurement per s 6(3) when verifying dimensional conformity.

5. Shape and edge conformity:

• Fabrication processes should ensure shape (S1 circular, S2 dodecagonal, S3 concave) and edge treatment (E1 continuously milled, E2 interrupted milling, E3 plain) match the table. Edge-milling machinery and tooling must be specified to meet these descriptors exactly.

6. Machine and third-party stakeholder coordination:

• Notify cash-handling equipment manufacturers, vending and fare-collection operators, banks and other intermediaries of any new coin variants that have different weights, dimensions, thickness or shape. Encourage recalibration and testing against the instrument’s numeric specifications. Because the Schedule contains multiple variants for the same face value, advise machine operators to verify which variant populations they will encounter.

7. Recordkeeping and provenance:

• Maintain records of die proofs, manufacturing batches, assay reports, plating certifications, designer approvals and the precise textual content used for each die. These records will support compliance if questions arise about whether a given specimen conforms to the Schedule.

8. Sales and marketing representations:

• For bullion and collector items, ensure that sales literature and specifications align with inscriptions and the Schedule’s composition claims. For example, if a reverse design includes ‘1oz .999 Ag’, then marketing statements must be consistent with the coin’s actual fine metal content and mass.

9. Legal review and cross-referencing:

• Because the instrument does not itself specify enforcement or legal-tender status, review the Currency Act 1965 and any other relevant determinations to confirm how these specifications affect legal-tender status or other statutory consequences. The current instrument’s non-derogation clauses (s 5(3), s 6(5)) indicate the presence of other determinations that may impose further duties or rights.

10. Seek clarification on ambiguous table entries:

• Address potential ambiguities before production. Examples include differing tolerance notations (± vs +), the practical measurement point for "other dimension" in non-circular shapes, and any implied mass contributions from partial plating. Where ambiguity exists, obtain written clarification from the Mint, the Treasury, or the legislative register so that compliance is demonstrable.

Practical checklist for a Mint or manufacturer:

• Crosswalk each intended coin item against Part 1/Part 2 text.
• Approve die art that exactly matches the Part 2 textual prescriptions and includes designer initials where specified.
• Confirm alloy or bullion purity certificates and perform independent assay.
• Validate mass and dimensional compliance on a statistically meaningful sample, using the exact measurement definitions in the instrument (including s 6(3) for concave coins).
• Document plating processes for plated specimens.
• Provide advance notice and test samples to major cash-handler customers to allow calibration updates.
• Retain all production, assay, and approval documents to evidence conformity.

Following these steps will align production and commercial practices to the instrument’s legal and technical requirements as specified in sections 5 and 6 and the Schedule.