Currency (Royal Australian Mint) Determination 2013 (No. 4)

The text relies on three tightly defined legal and technical concepts. First, subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965 is the statutory hook. The Determination does not reproduce s 13A(1), but repeatedly invokes it as the basis for specifying the "standard weight and allowable variation, dimensions and design" of coins. The Determination therefore functions as a subsidiary instrument implementing s 13A(1) by particularising attributes for specified coins.

Second, the Determination operationalises four measurable coin attributes: standard weight (with allowable variation, recorded in grams), maximum diameter (mm), maximum thickness (mm) and design, where design is broken into discrete coded components (shape, edge, obverse, reverse). Section 4(1)(a)-(d) sets out this taxonomy: standard weight, allowable variation, dimensions, and design. The Part 1 table is the concrete specification list populated under that taxonomy.

Third, the Determination uses a coding system to compress design descriptions into symbols. Part 1 records codes such as S1, E1, O1, R1 (or variations). Part 2 is the authoritative key: S1 = dodecagonal; S2 = circular; E1 = plain edge; E2 = continuously milled; E3 = interrupted milling; O1 and O2 describe materially different obverse legends and effigy combinations; R1-R3 describe reverse imagery and, in the case of R2, bullion content notation "1 oz .999 Ag". The use of coded design symbols separates the quantitative technical specifications from the qualitative artistic content, but the artistic content is nonetheless specified in full in Part 2.

Other procedural concepts present by implication include the preservation of other determinations under s 13A(1) (s 4(2)), and the notion that the Determination applies to coins "whose denomination is specified, or taken to be specified, in the Schedule to the Act" (s 4(1) parenthetical). That parenthetical ties the Determination to the Act’s Schedule definitions of denomination rather than inventing new legal denominations inside the Determination.

Two drafting features may matter to implementers. The table presents certain entries that replicate a denomination with different compositions and dimensions (two distinct 50c specifications, two distinct $1 specifications). This permits co-circulation of same-denomination coins that differ materially in weight, thickness and diameter. Part 2 includes a reverse design (R2) that explicitly carries a precious-metal specification "1 oz .999 Ag", indicating the Determination contemplates bullion or commemorative coins whose intrinsic metal content is stated on the coin face.

Finally, the Determination is silent on penalties, certification processes, minting schedules, and commencement date in the excerpt supplied. The instrument’s legal force rests on the Currency Act; therefore procedural or enforcement questions must be answered by reference to the Act and any other determinations.

The Determination affects several identifiable groups through changes to the physical legal attributes of coins. The primary addressee in name is the Royal Australian Mint, as reflected in the Determination’s title. The text itself implements specifications "for a coin having the denomination and standard composition mentioned in the item", which will be used when the Mint strikes coins that match those descriptions. The Determination therefore matters to any entity that mints, issues, sells, designs, certifies, tests, or handles the coins listed.

Specific affected parties include:

• The Royal Australian Mint and its contractors, who are the practical producers of currency and must, where applicable, ensure struck pieces conform to the listed standard weight, weight variation, maximum diameter, maximum thickness, shape and design codes. The instrument is framed as a specification to be applied under s 13A(1), which is the statutory power to set such specifications.

• Coin-design and production contractors, including design artists, die-makers, and precious-metal suppliers. Part 2’s design descriptions (for example R2’s "1 oz .999 Ag") point to bullion-grade production that will engage assayers and suppliers of silver.

• Currency handlers and financial institutions that receive, sort, authenticate and store coins. Banks, cash-in-transit operators and vault operators need to be aware of the specified mass and dimensional tolerances because those attributes feed into counting, sorting and authenticity checks.

• Operators and manufacturers of coin-accepting vending machines, parking meters, arcade machines, public transport turnstiles, and other automated devices. The Determination lists two different $1 specifications with materially different diameters and thicknesses (item 3: $1, silver, diameter 41.10 mm, thickness 4.10 mm; item 4: $1, copper/aluminium/nickel, diameter 25.20 mm, thickness 3.00 mm). The presence of same-denomination items with different physical parameters will affect machine recognition algorithms. Similarly, the 50c entries (both 31.65 mm diameter but different thickness and weight) will affect machines and manual coin-handling processes.

• Collectors and bullion traders. Part 2’s R2 design includes an explicit weight and purity marking "1 oz .999 Ag". Part 1’s separate silver entries for 50c and $1 indicate the Determination contemplates precious-metal issues for collectors and investors. Dealers and certifiers in bullion and numismatics must map these statutory specifications to market descriptions.

• Retailers, hospitality businesses, and anyone who accepts cash. Physical differences between coins of identical face value can cause disputes at point of sale and require staff awareness. Although the Determination does not specify tender rules, the listed physical features will influence acceptance practices.

• Law enforcement, customs, assay labs and regulators concerned with counterfeit detection and illegal minting. Technical specifications in the Determination provide a reference standard for detection and prosecution, even though the Determination itself does not set penalties.

• Designers of compliance and quality-control processes within government departments that handle coinage policy or procurement.

The Determination does not itself create obligations on private parties in express terms. Instead it provides the precise technical standards by which coins are to be made and identified under the Act. Practical burdens fall on those who must adapt systems or processes to accommodate multiple physical forms for the same monetary denomination.

The Determination is primarily normative and prescriptive: it specifies the physical and visual attributes that a coin must have for the purposes of subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965. Section 4(1) places the specification power in the Determination context by saying each item in Part 1 “specifies” the coin attributes. The text does not enumerate enforcement mechanisms or penalties for non-conformance; nor does it stipulate operational duties for private actors. The following are the principal duties and rights that can be read directly from, or are reasonably implied by, the Determination’s text.

Duties or prescriptions in the Determination itself

• Specification duty: The Determination operates as the instrument that specifies standard weight, allowable variation, dimensions and design for the listed coins. That is its core function under s 4(1). The duty flowing from that specification, in practical terms, is that minting authorities will use these specifications when producing coins intended to conform to the statutory standard.

• Preservation of other specifications: Section 4(2) creates a textual duty of non-displacement, in that the Determination “does not affect any other determination of the standard weight and allowable variation, dimensions or design of a coin, made under subsection 13A(1) of the Act”. The practical effect is that existing determinations under s 13A(1) continue to be operative unless expressly repealed elsewhere.

Rights and expectations

• Right to a clear technical standard: Entities that need to identify, accept or reject coins may rely on the precise figures given in Part 1 and the design descriptions in Part 2 as authoritative specifications for the listed coin types, for the purposes of testing and identification.

• Expectation of multiple physical forms for the same denomination: Because the Determination lists multiple items for the same face value, interested parties have the entitlement to anticipate coexisting coins with different mass, thickness and diameter that nevertheless represent the same denomination in law, so far as the Act’s Schedule treats them as the same denomination.

Implications for behaviour and systems

• Production compliance: The Mint and its agents will need to produce to the weights, allowable variations and design codes. For example, a copper-nickel 50c is listed with "15.55 ± 0.40" grams and maximum diameter 31.65 mm; a silver 50c is listed with "18.24 ± 0.50" grams and the same diameter but greater thickness. Dies, planchets and press settings must therefore be calibrated to those tolerances.

• Identification and acceptance: Businesses and machine operators must update coin-recognition tolerances to accept the specified ranges. The Determination does not say they must, but by setting the standards it creates the factual basis that operators will use.

• Numismatic and bullion rights: The R2 reverse design carries the marking "1 oz .999 Ag". Market participants in bullion and collectors will interpret that as an inscription tied to legal specification within this Determination, supporting claims about weight and purity on coin faces.

What the Determination does not declare

• It does not impose criminal penalties or administrative fines. No punitive regimes are set out in the excerpt.

• It does not set a timetable, production volumes, distribution, or legal-tender use and limits. Those matters remain governed by the Act and any other relevant instruments.

When invoking duties or rights in advice or compliance planning, practitioners must map these specifications back to the Currency Act 1965 itself, because the Determination is a subsidiary technical specification instrument rather than a comprehensive regulatory regime. Section 3 directs the reader to the Act. If an entity needs to know legal consequences for non-compliance, the Act must be consulted.

The Determination text supplied does not contain any penalty provisions, inspection powers, administrative sanctions or enforcement procedures. Section 4 deals exclusively with specification of weight, allowable variation, dimensions and design, and section 4(2) preserves other determinations; there is no provision in the excerpt that creates offences or enforcement mechanisms.

Consequently, any question about penalties or criminal or civil liability associated with the manufacture, counterfeiting, alteration or misuse of coins specified in this Determination must be dealt with under the Currency Act 1965 itself or other laws. The Determination refers the reader to the Act through the s 3 definition of Act and by invoking subsection 13A(1). Practical enforcement therefore has two layers to consider:

• Primary enforcement and offences, if any, will be found in the Currency Act 1965. The Determination is a technical annex; the Act is the repository of legal powers, offences, and enforcement mechanisms. The Determination alone does not give cause to conclude specific fines or criminal penalties are attached.

• Secondary enforcement or administrative actions relating to quality, standards, weights and measures might arise under other statutes or regulatory schemes not reproduced in the Determination. Those fall outside the Determination’s text and must be located elsewhere.

For implementers, the absence of provisions in the Determination means users should not rely on it as setting out the full compliance environment. Organisations that face possible legal consequences for failing to meet the physical standards will need to consult the Currency Act 1965 and any relevant criminal or quasi-criminal regime that deals with coin counterfeiting, unlawful issue, or misrepresentation of coin weight and metal content.

Practically, however, the Determination will be used by technical and enforcement agencies as the reference standard for establishing whether a given coin is the design and weight that the state has specified. Where prosecution or administrative action is contemplated, an enforcement agency would typically point to the Determination’s figures and design descriptions in order to demonstrate non-conformance. But any authority to prosecute or penalise must be found in the Act or subordinate instruments that confer enforcement powers.

Finally, because Part 2 includes explicit bullion information (R2 includes “1 oz .999 Ag”), there may be interaction with consumer-protection, trade descriptions or metals trading regulations where misrepresentation of metal content is alleged. Those regimes are not in this Determination; practitioners should check other statutes for offence provisions that could be invoked in such scenarios.

The Determination is explicitly designed to operate within the framework of the Currency Act 1965. Section 3 of the Determination defines "Act" as the Currency Act 1965 and section 4(1) states the Determination is made for the purposes of subsection 13A(1) of that Act. In short, this Determination functions as a subordinate instrument that gives substance to the Act’s specification power. The Determination also contains an express non-derogation clause at section 4(2): it does not affect any other determination of standard weight, allowable variation, dimensions or design made under subsection 13A(1) of the Act.

Concrete points of interaction to note from the text

• Legislative chain: The Determination is subordinate to the Act. Any interpretive or enforcement question that requires a legal consequence or sanction needs to be resolved by reference to the Act or to other primary legislation. The Determination provides technical detail; it does not alter the Act’s substantive law.

• Schedule cross-reference: Section 4(1) uses the parenthetical phrase "being a coin whose denomination is specified, or taken to be specified, in the Schedule to the Act". This ties the Determination’s items to the Act’s Schedule definitions of denomination and indicates that the legal identity of the coin as a given face value depends on the Act’s Schedule. Any change to how denominations are treated in the Act’s Schedule may affect which physical coins fall within the Determination’s scope.

• Coexistence with other determinations: Section 4(2) preserves other determinations under the same statutory subsection. Practitioners must therefore reconcile this Determination’s specifications with any other operative determinations under s 13A(1). Where multiple determinations cover the same denomination, the interaction will be a factual exercise about which determination applies to a particular coin design or issue.

• Consumer and trade regulation: The Determination includes markings such as "1 oz .999 Ag" on reverse R2. Such inscriptions may engage statutory prohibitions or requirements concerning trade descriptions, weights and measures, or consumer labelling in other statutes. The Determination itself supplies the authorised inscription; other laws will govern the legal consequences of misstatement or mislabelling in commercial dealings.

• Counterfeiting and criminal law: Because the Determination establishes official design and weight parameters, it will be used as evidentiary material in proceedings under criminal statutes that prohibit counterfeiting, forging, or unauthorised manufacture of currency. However, the Determination does not itself create the criminal prohibition or penalty.

• Administrative standards and machine certification: The Determination’s numerical tolerances will be relevant to regulatory standards for coin-accepting equipment, calibration and certification. Those standards are likely to be set under separate instrument or industry codes; the Determination supplies the normative technical values those standards should use.

• International bullion trade and customs: R2’s bullion description suggests that coins issued to the R2 specification may be treated, in customs and international trade contexts, as bullion coins. The Determination supplies the face-stamped purity and weight, which are important attributes for customs classification, but the treatment under customs and excise law is governed by other statutes and administrative practice.

In short, this Determination is a technical annex to the Currency Act 1965 and interacts with other laws by supplying the technical baseline that other statutes, regulations and administrative practice will use for identification, labelling, consumer protection and enforcement. Any legal consequence beyond specification must be located in the Act or in other statutes and instruments.

The text provided is titled "Currency (Royal Australian Mint) Determination 2013 (No. 4)". Within the excerpt there is no express schedule of prior amendments, no notation of repeal or variation of previous determinations, and no commencement date given. Section 4(2) says only that the Determination "does not affect any other determination of the standard weight and allowable variation, dimensions or design of a coin, made under subsection 13A(1) of the Act". That clause preserves other determinations without specifying which ones those are or whether this instrument replaces any prior instrument.

What can be read from the instrument itself

• Versioning information outside the excerpt: the parenthetical "(No. 4)" in the title suggests this is the fourth Determination of 2013 bearing this short name or that it is the fourth Determination of the Royal Australian Mint in 2013. The instrument text supplied does not list prior Determinations or amendments.

• No in-text amendment schedule: there is no "Repeals" clause, no "This Determination amends" clause, and no schedule showing changes to earlier determinations. The absence of a repeal or amendment clause indicates that the instrument is intended to cohabit with other determinations, as confirmed by section 4(2).

• No commencement entry: section 4(1) is expressed to take effect "on and after the day on which this Determination commences", but the commencement date or mechanism (for example, registration or Gazette publication) is not present in the supplied text.

For practical purposes, users need to treat this Determination as a snapshot of specifications current as at some point in 2013, but should not rely on it being the most recent instrument without checking the Federal Register of Legislation or the Gazette for any subsequent determinations, revocations, corrigenda or replacement instruments. Because the Determination preserves other determinations, earlier instruments may remain in force and must be located and checked.

Practitioners preparing compliance advice or transactional documents should therefore:

• Cross-check the Federal Register of Legislation for subsequent determinations under s 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965 that amend, vary, or repeal aspects of this Determination.

• Verify the formal commencement date, which will determine the exact period when the specifications became operable.

• Check for corrigenda or typographical corrections. The table contains numerical notation that may require confirmation against the version in the Gazette or the authoritative electronic form, for instance the "$1" silver weight entry printed as "31.103 + 1.80" in this copy.

Absent explicit amendment data inside the Determination text, the authoritative amendment history will be the official publication and registration trail, which must be checked in practice.

The Determination text supplied contains no references to case law, judicial interpretation, or litigation history. It cites only the Currency Act 1965 by defining it as the "Act" (s 3) and by invoking subsection 13A(1). No cases, tribunal decisions, or administrative rulings appear in the text, and no footnotes or explanatory material are present that would indicate an existing litigation record respecting these specifications.

Practical implications for research and risk assessment

• Absence of litigation in the instrument does not mean there has been no litigation in respect of the specifications. It only means the Determination itself does not record any judicial history. A comprehensive review for litigation impact will require searching court and tribunal databases for disputes concerning coin specifications, counterfeiting, or machine acceptance issues where these particular specifications are at issue.

• Because the Determination specifies bullion inscriptions and commemorative designs, potential litigation may arise in contexts outside of pure currency law, such as consumer protection claims relating to misrepresentation of metal content, or contractual disputes involving collectors and dealers. Those actions would be litigated under statutes and contract law outside the Determination but could rely heavily on the Determination’s technical specs as evidence.

• If a lawyer needs to advise on the risk of a prosecution for counterfeiting or unauthorised minting, the Determination is useful as a technical standard that prosecuting agencies may use, but the availability and nature of criminal offences and their interpretation must be established by consulting the Currency Act 1965 and any other relevant criminal provisions.

In sum, this Determination does not report or summarise litigation; to build a litigation history or to identify precedent relevant to the specifications it sets out, a separate case-law search is required.

This Determination contains a number of drafting and practical features that create implementation traps for commercial operators, minting and enforcement agencies. The following are specific issues to watch, each grounded in the instrument’s text.

Multiple specifications for identical face value

• Part 1 contains two entries for the 50 cent denomination (items 1 and 2) and two for the $1 denomination (items 3 and 4). Those items specify different standard compositions, different weights and different thicknesses, and in the case of the $1 coins different diameters. For example:
  • Item 1 (50c, copper and nickel): standard weight "15.55 ± 0.40", diameter 31.65 mm, thickness 2.80 mm, shape S1 (dodecagonal), edge E1 (plain), obverse O1, reverse R1.
  • Item 2 (50c, not less than 99.9% silver): standard weight "18.24 ± 0.50", diameter 31.65 mm, thickness 3.20 mm, shape S1 (dodecagonal), edge E1, obverse O1, reverse R1.
  • Item 3 ($1, not less than 99.9% silver): weight "31.103 + 1.80" (see notation caveat below), diameter 41.10 mm, thickness 4.10 mm, shape S2 (circular), edge E2 (continuously milled), obverse O2, reverse R2.
  • Item 4 ($1, copper, aluminium and nickel): standard weight "9.00 ± 0.35", diameter 25.20 mm, thickness 3.00 mm, shape S2, edge E3 (interrupted milling), obverse O1, reverse R3.
• Practical effect: coin-handling systems may need to recognise distinct physical objects as the same legal denomination. Machine calibrations that assume single-size $1 coins will misclassify or reject the other $1 form unless reconfigured.

Potential typographical or notation ambiguity

• Item 3 shows the standard weight as "31.103 + 1.80". The "+" sign is atypical compared with the "±" notation elsewhere in the table. It is unclear from the Determination text whether that notation is intended to be an additive tolerance, a typographical error for "± 1.80", or carries a different technical meaning. The Determination as supplied contains that exact string, and implementers should verify the official published form or seek an authoritative corrigendum in the Gazette or a register entry.

Coin appearance and inscription complexities

• Part 2’s design descriptions are detailed and specific. For instance, R1 contains a multi-element commemorative inscription with textual material including "HRH", "Prince George", "BORN 22.07.2013", "50", and "FIRSTBORN CHILD TO THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE". R2 includes a holographic coloured representation and a bullion inscription "1 oz .999 Ag". R3 includes coloured elements such as three coloured kangaroos and a green inscription. These design complexities have operational consequences: production runs involving holography or colour require specialised minting processes and quality control, and may raise issues for detection by coin validators and for consumer identification.

Machine-recognition risks

• Two 50c entries share the same diameter but have materially different weight and thickness. Machines that rely on diameter and thickness alone may not distinguish them reliably from counterfeits or from each other. Machines that use mass-based sensors will need to accept a broader mass tolerance range, which can increase the risk of fraud through token substitution.

Coexistence of bullion inscriptions and legal-tender face value

• R2 carries the inscription "1 oz .999 Ag" on a coin denominated in the Part 1 table as "$1" (item 3). This juxtaposition may create confusion in secondary markets where buyers focus on intrinsic metal value rather than face value. It also raises consumer-protection and customs classification questions: is the item being sold as a $1 circulation coin, a bullion piece, or a numismatic product? The Determination supplies the inscription but does not resolve how the coin is to be treated in trade or tax legislation.

Design-code reliance

• Part 1 uses short codes (S1, E1, O1, R1 etc.) and relies on Part 2 as the interpretive key. Users must ensure they consult Part 2; otherwise the codes by themselves are not self-explanatory.

No commencement date in the supplied text

• Section 4(1) fixes effectivity to "the day on which this Determination commences", but the commencement date is not included in the excerpt. Implementers must confirm the date of commencement in the authoritative legislative register to know from when the specifications are operative.

No enforcement detail in the instrument

• Because the Determination contains no enforcement clauses, parties cannot assume particular inspection regimes or penalty frameworks are attached. They must investigate the Currency Act and ancillary regulatory instruments.

These “gotchas” are concrete technical and administrative risks that follow directly from the Determination’s content. Practitioners should not treat the tabulated values as self-explanatory in operational contexts; cross-checking with the authoritative Gazette publication and the overarching Act is needed.

Compliance with this Determination divides into two tasks: (1) conforming production to the numerical and design specifications set out in Part 1 and Part 2; and (2) operational and commercial compliance by organisations that accept, process or certify coins. The Determination itself specifies the technical targets; it does not set out procedural steps or reporting obligations. The following pragmatic steps are grounded in the textual requirements.

For mints and production contractors

• Use the table as the authoritative specification source. For each listed item, ensure planchets, die designs and minting settings produce the stated standard weight and remain within the stated allowable variation where that notation appears. For example, item 1: target mass 15.55 g with allowable variation ±0.40 g; item 2: target mass 18.24 g with allowable variation ±0.50 g.

• Resolve notation ambiguity before production. Item 3 has the entry "31.103 + 1.80". Do not assume this means "± 1.80". Verify the published instrument in the Federal Register of Legislation or seek formal clarification from the responsible authority to establish whether the notation is typographical or intentional.

• Implement quality control protocols for dimensional limits. Part 1 lists maximum diameter and maximum thickness in millimetres for each item. For instance, item 4 ($1, copper, aluminium and nickel) lists maximum diameter 25.20 mm and maximum thickness 3.00 mm. Production tolerances should aim to be inside those maxima, and inspection routines should measure both diameter and thickness to the stated limits.

• Adhere to design-code details. Part 2 supplies exact design content for obverse and reverse codes. For example, O1 requires an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II together with the inscriptions 'IRB', 'ELIZABETH II', 'AUSTRALIA' and the year numerals. R2 requires a holographic coloured representation and a bullion inscription. Design approvals and die proofs should be cross-checked with these textual prescriptions.

• For coloured and holographic elements, ensure production processes are capable and tested. R2 and R3 references to colour mean specialised finishing processes will be required; those may affect throughput, costs and yield rates.

• Maintain records tying each production run to the specification item number and the corresponding Part 2 codes, so that provenance and compliance can be demonstrated if questioned.

For vending-machine manufacturers and operators

• Update sensing and recognition thresholds to accept coexisting forms of the same denomination. Because the Determination lists differing diameters and masses for $1 items (41.10 mm, 4.10 mm thickness vs 25.20 mm, 3.00 mm thickness), machines should either be programmed to accept both profiles or be equipped with rejection logic and signage to inform users which types are accepted.

• If machines use mass, thickness or electromagnetic signature detection, recalibrate them to accommodate the specified allowable variations. For the 50c coin family, although diameter is constant at 31.65 mm, mass differs (15.55 g vs 18.24 g). Update firmware and mechanical tolerances, and conduct field testing with both official coin forms.

• Train frontline staff and produce guidance for refunds or rejections where mixed-denomination physical features create acceptance issues.

For banks, cash-in-transit and retail

• Update acceptance policies and detection equipment. Cash counters and coin sorters should be set to the Determination’s mass and dimensional values. Audit sample runs to ensure devices do not miscount or damage coins that fall at the edge of allowable variation.

• Communicate with customers about acceptance policies where machines or tills are not yet updated to accept all forms.

For bullion and numismatic dealers

• Treat R2-marked items as bullion-grade issues in light of the inscription "1 oz .999 Ag". Document provenance and use the Determination as corroborating evidence of weight and purity inscription authority.

• Be attentive to tax and customs implications of selling items that carry both face value and bullion inscription. The Determination supplies the inscription but not the fiscal treatment.

For legal, compliance and enforcement officers

• Use the Determination as a reference standard when assessing whether a given coin is the legal design and within statutory tolerances. However, consult the Currency Act 1965 to determine whether particular conduct (for example, altering coins or making imitation coins) gives rise to prosecution and what the elements and penalties are.

• If advising clients about risk exposure, check for more recent determinations or corrigenda and confirm the commencement date so that compliance obligations are temporally precise.

Cross-cutting administrative steps

• Confirm the Determination’s authoritative text and commencement date in the Federal Register of Legislation and the Government Gazette. Given the ambiguous notation for one weight entry and the general importance of precise tolerances, rely on the official published form for compliance.

• If you are a product supplier or service provider whose systems depend on coin parameters, construct an internal change-control project that tracks:

  • the precise Part 1 measurements and Part 2 design codes;
  • the configuration changes necessary in equipment and software;
  • the testing plan using specimens minted to these exact specifications;
  • communications to customers and service technicians; and
  • a timeline aligned to the Determination’s commencement.

• If any uncertainty arises about the meaning or scope of a design code or a numeric figure, obtain formal advice from the Mint or the responsible department. Because the Determination is a subordinate instrument, administrative clarification typically rests with the department or agency that exercises the s 13A(1) power.

Summary practical checklist

• Verify commencement date and text of the Determination in the official register.
• Resolve the "31.103 + 1.80" notation with authority before production or acceptance.
• Map each coin item to machine acceptance profiles and update firmware/settings.
• Ensure production quality systems target masses and dimensions within the stated tolerances.
• Maintain documentary links between production runs and the relevant Part 1/Part 2 item numbers for audit and enforcement evidence.

Following these steps will align production, commercial acceptance and compliance systems with the technical specifications the Determination prescribes, while acknowledging that the Determination itself does not set out enforcement procedures or broader legal obligations beyond specification.