Div 6Sexual acts committed against close family

Division 6 Sexual acts committed against close family members 208M Meaning of close family member ................................................. 202 208MA Incest ........................................................................................... 202 208MB No defence of consent ................................................................. 203 208MC Defence – compulsion ................................................................. 203 Division 7 Sexual acts committed against animal or in public 208N Sexual involvement with animal................................................... 203 208NA Public masturbation ..................................................................... 203 208P Increased penalty for aggravated offence ................................... 203 208PA Procedural and evidentiary provisions for aggravated offences .. 204 208PB Jury directions on consent ........................................................... 204 208PC Exception – medical, hygienic, veterinary or agricultural procedures ................................................................................... 205 208PD Alternative verdicts ...................................................................... 205 208PE Indecent images and related articles may be destroyed.............. 205 208PF Article containing indecent images may be returned ................... 206 Criminal Code Act 1983 xvi 209 Definitions .................................................................................... 206 210 Meaning of property for this Division ........................................... 207 211 Person to whom property belongs for this Division ...................... 207 212 Appropriation of property ............................................................. 208 213 Intention of permanently depriving............................................... 209 214 Dishonesty ................................................................................... 209 215 Theft of land................................................................................. 210 216 General deficiency ....................................................................... 210 217 Theft ............................................................................................ 210 218 Robbery ....................................................................................... 211 219 Circumstances of aggravation for robbery ................................... 212 220 Entering building with intention to commit offence ....................... 212 221 Burglary ....................................................................................... 213 222 Circumstances of aggravation for burglary .................................. 213 223 Alternative verdict ........................................................................ 214 224 Damaging or interfering with property as trespasser ................... 214 225 Going equipped for theft and related offences ............................. 215 226 Receiving stolen property ............................................................ 216 227 Shoplifting .................................................................................... 216 228 Making off without payment ......................................................... 217 228AA Removal of item from places open to public ................................ 218 228AB Driving, using or riding motor vehicle, vessel or aircraft without consent ........................................................................................ 218 228AC Definitions .................................................................................... 219 228AD Meaning of menace ..................................................................... 220 228AE Meaning of obtain ........................................................................ 220 228AF Meaning of demand with a menace ............................................. 221 228AG Intention of permanently depriving............................................... 221 228AH Obtaining property by deception .................................................. 222 228AI Transfers of money etc. ............................................................... 223 228AJ General deficiency ....................................................................... 223 228AK Obtaining financial advantage by deception ................................ 224 Criminal Code Act 1983 xvii 228AL Dishonestly intending to obtain gain from Territory...................... 224 228AM Dishonestly intending to cause loss for Territory ......................... 224 228AN Dishonestly causing loss or risk of loss for Territory .................... 225 228AO Blackmail and extortion ............................................................... 225 228A Definitions .................................................................................... 226 228B Attempt offences in section 43BF do not apply............................ 227 228C Dealing in identification information ............................................. 227 228D Possessing identification information........................................... 228 228E Possessing equipment used to deal in identification information or identification documentation ................................. 228 228F Alternative verdicts ...................................................................... 229 229 Definitions .................................................................................... 229 230 Money laundering with knowledge or belief ................................. 230 231 Money laundering with recklessness ........................................... 230 232 Dealing with suspicious property ................................................. 231 233 Proof of other offences not required ............................................ 233 234 Prosecution requires consent of Director of Public Prosecutions ................................................................................ 233 235 Alternative verdict for offence against section 230 ...................... 233 236 Alternative verdict for offence against section 231 ...................... 234 236A Recklessness as to nature of money or property sufficient for offence of attempt against section 231 ........................................ 234 236B False accounting ......................................................................... 234 236C False statements by officer of body corporate etc. ...................... 236 236D Falsification of registers ............................................................... 237 236E Interpretation ............................................................................... 237 236F Meaning of obtain ........................................................................ 238 236G Bribery – offence by person in relation to agent .......................... 238 236H Bribery – offence by agent ........................................................... 239 236J Other corrupting benefits – offence by person in relation to agent ........................................................................................... 240 236K Other corrupting benefits – offence by agent ............................... 241 236L Alternative verdict for offence against section 236G.................... 242 236M Alternative verdict for offence against section 236H .................... 242 236N Independent advisor accepting secret commission ..................... 242 Criminal Code Act 1983 xviii 237A Definitions .................................................................................... 243 237B Corrupts wagering outcome of event or contingency................... 244 237C Events and contingencies ............................................................ 244 237D Obtaining financial advantage or causing financial disadvantage ............................................................................... 244 237E Proof of intention to obtain financial advantage or cause financial disadvantage ................................................................. 245 237F Encouraging ................................................................................ 245 237G Engaging in conduct that corrupts wagering outcome of event or contingency ............................................................................. 246 237H Facilitating conduct that corrupts wagering outcome of event or contingency ............................................................................. 246 237J Concealing conduct or agreement about conduct that corrupts wagering outcome of event or contingency ................................. 247 237K Use of corrupt conduct information for wagering ......................... 247 237L Use of inside information for wagering ........................................ 248 237M Alternative verdict ........................................................................ 249 238 Definitions .................................................................................... 249 239 Person to whom property belongs ............................................... 250 240 Causing damage or other result .................................................. 251 241 Damage to property ..................................................................... 251 241A Ram-raid ...................................................................................... 252 242 Sabotage ..................................................................................... 253 243 Arson ........................................................................................... 255 244 Bushfires...................................................................................... 256 245 Leaving explosive substance at a place ...................................... 257 246 Endangering operation of aircraft ................................................ 258 247 Obstructing runways .................................................................... 258 Subdivision 3 Circumstances in which there is no criminal 248 Consent ....................................................................................... 259 249 Claim of right ............................................................................... 259 Criminal Code Act 1983 xix 250 Definitions .................................................................................... 260 251 Meaning of false document.......................................................... 260 252 Inducing acceptance that document genuine .............................. 261 253 Forgery ........................................................................................ 261 254 Using false document .................................................................. 261 255 Possess false document .............................................................. 262 256 Making or adapting instrument or material for forgery ................. 263 257 Possessing instrument or material for forgery ............................. 263 276 Interpretation ............................................................................... 264 276A Meaning of access to data, modification of data and impairment of electronic communication ..................................... 265 276B Unlawful access to data ............................................................... 266 276C Unlawful modification of data ....................................................... 267 276D Unlawful impairment of electronic communication ....................... 267 276E Unlawful use of access time ........................................................ 267 276F Territorial nexus for offences ....................................................... 267 Division 2 Unlawfully obtaining confidential information 276G Unlawfully obtaining confidential information ............................... 268 276H Publishing material about offending conduct ............................... 268 Part VIII Attempts and preparation to commit offences: conspiracy: accessories after the fact 277 Attempts to commit offences ....................................................... 270 278 Punishment of attempts to commit offences ................................ 270 280 Attempts to procure commission of criminal offences.................. 270 281 Preparation to commit indictable offence with explosives, &c...... 271 282 Conspiracy to commit indictable offence ..................................... 271 Criminal Code Act 1983 xx 283 Conspiracy to commit summary offence ...................................... 271 284 Conspiracy to deceive or defraud ................................................ 272 285 Conspiracy to lay false charge..................................................... 272 286 Conspiracy to pervert justice ....................................................... 272 288 Conspiracy to carry out seditious enterprise ................................ 272 289 Other conspiracies....................................................................... 272 290 Industrial disputes........................................................................ 273 291 Conspiracy by husband and wife ................................................. 273 292 Position of other conspirators no defence ................................... 273 293 Conspiracy to commit more than one offence ............................. 273 294 Punishment of accessories after the fact ..................................... 274 Division 1 Preliminary proceedings: change of place of trial: no true bill 295 Jurisdiction................................................................................... 274 297 Change of place of trial ................................................................ 274 297A No true bill ................................................................................... 275 298 Nature of indictments................................................................... 275 299 Altering charges after committal .................................................. 275 300 Ex officio information ................................................................... 276 301 Arrest of person charged in ex officio information........................ 276 302 Nolle prosequi.............................................................................. 276 303 General rule as to indictments ..................................................... 276 304 Commencement of indictment ..................................................... 276 305 Form of indictment ....................................................................... 276 306 Description of property ................................................................ 277 307 Description of persons ................................................................. 277 308 Circumstances in which more than one person may be charged in the same indictment ................................................... 277 309 Circumstances in which more than one charge may be joined against the one person ................................................................ 278 310 Circumstances where more than one offence may be charged as one offence ............................................................................. 278 311 Formal defect............................................................................... 278 312 Order for amendment of indictment ............................................. 279 313 Particulars .................................................................................... 279 314 Application to complaints if charge heard and determined summarily .................................................................................... 279 315 Offences involving circumstances of aggravation ........................ 279 316 Indictment containing count of murder or manslaughter .............. 280 Criminal Code Act 1983 xxi 317 Charge of homicide of child ......................................................... 280 318 Charge of offence against the person where section 31 or intoxication is a defence .............................................................. 280 320 Charge of causing event, &c........................................................ 280 321 Charge of property offence .......................................................... 281 322 Charge of theft and criminal deception ........................................ 281 323 Charge of theft or receiving ......................................................... 281 324 Charge of counselling or procuring commission of an offence .... 281 325 Finding of guilt for attempt to commit offence, &c. ....................... 281 326 When evidence shows offence of similar nature.......................... 282 327 Charge of corrupt practices at elections ...................................... 283 328 Charge of theft of animal ............................................................. 283 329 Charge of joint receiving .............................................................. 283 330 Court to determine availability of alternative charge .................... 283 Division 4 Alibi, expert evidence, trial adjournment, pleas and practice 331 Notice of alibi ............................................................................... 283 331A Notice of expert evidence ............................................................ 284 331B Examination if expert psychiatric or medical evidence to be adduced ....................................................................................... 286 332 Right to be tried ........................................................................... 286 333 Accelerating trial of persons not under committal ........................ 287 334 Adjournment of trial ..................................................................... 287 335 Enlargement of notices to witnesses ........................................... 288 336 Accused person to be called upon to plead to indictment ............ 288 337 Presence in court and plea where accused is a corporation ....... 288 338 Delivery of copy of indictment ...................................................... 289 339 Motion to quash indictment .......................................................... 290 340 Misnomer ..................................................................................... 290 341 Separate trials where 2 or more charges against the same person ......................................................................................... 290 341A Presumption of joint trial of sexual offences ................................ 291 341B Presumption of joint trial of domestic violence offences .............. 291 342 Pleas ........................................................................................... 291 343 Defence of truth of defamatory matter to be specially pleaded .... 292 344 Persons committed for sentence ................................................. 292 345 Standing mute ............................................................................. 293 346 Plea of autrefois convict, &c. ....................................................... 293 347 Trial on plea of autrefois convict, &c., royal pardon or to the jurisdiction.................................................................................... 293 348 Trial by jury .................................................................................. 293 348A Procedure where accused pleads not guilty and crown adduces no evidence ................................................................... 293 349 Demurrer ..................................................................................... 294 350 Separate trials ............................................................................. 294 351 Juries ........................................................................................... 294 Criminal Code Act 1983 xxii 351A Details of jury panel to be given to accused ................................ 295 352 Accused person to be informed of his right of challenge ............. 295 353 Challenge to array ....................................................................... 295 354 Challenges to individual jurors for cause ..................................... 295 355 Time for challenging .................................................................... 295 356 Ascertainment of facts as to challenge ........................................ 296 358 Jurors to take oath and be informed of charge ............................ 296 359 Discharge of juror by court........................................................... 296 360 Defence by accused person ........................................................ 296 361 Presence of accused ................................................................... 296 362 Evidence in defence .................................................................... 297 363 Speeches and their order ............................................................ 297 364 Summing up ................................................................................ 298 365 Jury not to separate ..................................................................... 298 366 Confinement of jury ..................................................................... 299 367 View ............................................................................................. 299 368 Majority verdict ............................................................................ 299 369 Special verdict ............................................................................. 300 370 General verdict on charge of defamation ..................................... 300 371 Discharge of jury.......................................................................... 300 372 Incapacity of Judge...................................................................... 300 373 Incapacity of juror ........................................................................ 301 374 Verdict on Sunday ....................................................................... 302 375 Further pleas ............................................................................... 302 376 Evidence on trials for perjury ....................................................... 302 378 Evidence of authority ................................................................... 302 379 Admissions .................................................................................. 302 380 Failure to make admission may, in certain circumstances, be taken into account when passing sentence ................................. 303 381 Discharge of persons acquitted ................................................... 303 383 Acquittal on ground of intoxication ............................................... 303 384 Finding of guilt of property offence with respect to some only of property in indictment .............................................................. 304 385 Finding of guilt of theft or receiving .............................................. 304 387 Arrest of judgment ....................................................................... 304 Division 7 Hearing summarily-triable offence with indictable offence 388 Definition...................................................................................... 304 389 Supreme Court may hear and determine summarily-triable offence with indictable offence..................................................... 305 390 Transmission of charge of summarily-triable offence .................. 305 Criminal Code Act 1983 xxiii 391 Remission of charge to Local Court............................................. 306 Part X Punishment: appeal: miscellaneous 406 Interpretation ............................................................................... 307 407 Court of Criminal Appeal ............................................................. 308 408 Reservation of points of law......................................................... 308 409 Appeal from arrest of judgment ................................................... 309 410 Right of appeal ............................................................................ 309 411 Determination of appeal in ordinary cases .................................. 309 412 Powers of Court in special cases................................................. 310 412A Powers of Court in relation to mental impairment ........................ 310 413 Power to grant new trial ............................................................... 311 414 Appeal and reference by Crown Law Officer ............................... 311 415 Revesting and restitution of property on finding of guilt ............... 312 416 Suspension of order with respect to driver's licence .................... 313 417 Time for appealing ....................................................................... 313 418 Judge's report may be furnished on appeal ................................. 313 419 Supplemental powers .................................................................. 313 420 Presence of appellant .................................................................. 314 421 Presence of respondent who is in custody when appeal brought by Crown Law Officer ..................................................... 314 422 Appellant or respondent may be sentenced in his absence ........ 315 423 Written argument ......................................................................... 315 424 Costs of appeal............................................................................ 315 425 Admission of appellant to bail and custody when attending Court ............................................................................................ 315 426 Duties of Registrar ....................................................................... 316 427 Documents, exhibits, &c. ............................................................. 317 428 Record of trial .............................................................................. 317 429 Powers exercisable by a Judge ................................................... 317 430 Appeals from the decision of the Court ........................................ 318 431 Pardoning power preserved......................................................... 318 432 Conditional remission of sentence by Administrator .................... 319 433 Effect of pardon ........................................................................... 319 433A Reference by Attorney-General of certain findings of guilt .......... 319 435 Court may direct certain persons to be prosecuted for perjury .... 320 435A Offences not to attract legal disability except under an Act ......... 321 436 Saving of civil remedies ............................................................... 321 437 No court fees in criminal cases .................................................... 321 438 Copies of depositions to be allowed to persons committed for trial ............................................................................................... 321 439 Inspection of depositions at trial .................................................. 321 Criminal Code Act 1983 xxiv 440 Standard of proof ......................................................................... 322 441 Arrest without warrant .................................................................. 322 442 Arrest on reasonable grounds not to be taken to be unlawful ...... 323 443 Arrest on board aircraft ................................................................ 323 Division 1 Criminal Code Amendment (Criminal Responsibility Reform) Act 2005 444 Application of Code to pre-commencement offences .................. 324 Division 2 Criminal Code Amendment (Expert Evidence) Act 2009 445 Application ................................................................................... 324 Division 3 Criminal Code Amendment (Mental Impairment and Unfitness for Trial) Act 2010 446 Application to pending matters .................................................... 324 Division 4 Criminal Code Amendment (Female Genital Mutilation) Act 2013 447 Application of section 186C ......................................................... 325 Division 5 Criminal Code Amendment (Psychiatric or Medical Evidence) Act 2014 448 Application of section 331B ......................................................... 325 Division 6 Criminal Code Amendment (Hit and Run) Act 449 Application of amendments ......................................................... 325 Division 7 Criminal Code Amendment (Child Abuse Material) Act 2014 450 Application of section 125B ......................................................... 326 Division 8 Justice and Other Legislation Amendment 451 Application of section 389 ............................................................ 326 Criminal Code Act 1983 xxv Division 9 Criminal Code Amendment (Presumption of Joint Trials) Act 2014 452 Application of presumption .......................................................... 326 Division 10 Criminal Code Amendment (Remission for Resentencing) Act 2015 453 Application of section 411(4) ....................................................... 327 Division 11 Statute Law Amendment (Directors' Liability) Act 2015 454 Offences – before and after commencement............................... 327 Division 12 Independent Commissioner Against Corruption (Consequential and Related Amendments) Act 2018 455 Definitions .................................................................................... 328 456 Application of sections 76 to 78, 80 and 81 as inserted by amending Act............................................................................... 328 457 Application of section 79 as inserted by amending Act................ 328 458 Definitions .................................................................................... 328 459 Application of section 189A ......................................................... 329 460 Application of section 316 ............................................................ 329 461 Pre-Code offences....................................................................... 329 Division 15 Criminal Code Amendment Act 2021 462 Application of section 43BGA ...................................................... 330 Division 16 Criminal Justice Legislation Amendment Act 463 Application of section 189A ......................................................... 330 Division 17 Criminal Code Amendment (Property Offences) Act 2022 464 Application of repealed provisions ............................................... 331 Criminal Code Act 1983 xxvi Division 18 Criminal Code Amendment (Age of Criminal Responsibility) Act 2022 465 Definitions .................................................................................... 331 466 Application of sections 38 and 43AP ........................................... 332 467 Cessation of proceedings ............................................................ 333 468 Release of child ........................................................................... 333 469 Expungement of charge or conviction ......................................... 333 470 No entitlement to compensation or damages .............................. 335 471 Prior lawful acts not affected........................................................ 336 472 Application of sections 38A and 43AQ ........................................ 336 474 Immunity from civil and criminal liability ....................................... 336 Division 19 Criminal Justice Legislation Amendment (Sexual Offences) Act 2023 475 Offences – before and after commencement............................... 336 Division 20 Justice Legislation Amendment (Domestic and Family Violence) Act 2023 476 Definitions .................................................................................... 337 477 Application of amendment to section 188 .................................... 337 478 Application of presumption .......................................................... 338 479 Definition...................................................................................... 338 480 Application of sections 38 and 43AP ........................................... 338 481 Application of sections 38A and 43AQ ........................................ 338 Schedule 1 Provisions of Code to which Part IIAA applies ____________________ As in force at 3 November 2025 ____________________ CRIMINAL CODE ACT 1983 An Act to establish a Code of criminal law