50 PAM H3 ATD (short for 50th Percentile Average Male Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device) means an ATD configured to represent the 50th percentile average male.
ATD means an anthropomorphic test device.
CoG means centre of gravity.
static stability means the ability for a stationary body to resist tipping over.
Note: Key properties that affect the static stability of a quad bike are track width, wheelbase and the position of the centre of gravity.
tilt table ratio or TTR, means the tangent of the maximum tilt table angle (see clauses 6.1.10 and 6.2.11).
Note: Some other terms used in this Schedule are defined in section 4 of this instrument. For the meaning of quad bike (and types and categories of quad bike), see section 5 of this instrument.
1.2 The static stability of Type I, Category G (general use) and Category S (sports) and Type II, Category G (general) quad bikes is to be measured using a tilt table, with a 50 PAM H3 ATD simulated rider positioned in a standardised seating position as described in Part 4 of this Schedule.
1.3 The static stability of Type I, Category Y (youth) and Category T (transition) quad bikes is to be measured using a tilt table without an ATD.
1.4 The static stability factor for each direction (forward or rearward pitch, or lateral roll) is calculated as Tan (tilt table angle at 2 wheel lift).
1.5 Type I, Category G and Type II, Category G quad bikes are to be tested for each direction (forward and rearward pitch and lateral roll), and must meet the minimum performance requirements under section 16 of this instrument.
1.6 Type I, Category S, Category Y and Category T quad bikes are to be tested for lateral roll only.
Part 2—Tilt table
2.1 The tilt table must have an adjustable slope, single plane tilt‑table structure, with a range of 0° to 80° from horizontal.
2.2 The tilt table must have a surface that is rigid, flat and large enough to support all 4 quad bike wheels.
2.3 The tilt table surface must support a load cell under each of the 4 quad bike wheels.
2.4 A high friction surface is to be installed on the top surface of the downhill side load cells to prevent the low side tyres from slipping (anti‑slip tape or expanded mesh may suit).
2.5 The tilt table must have a tilt rate of nominally less than 1.0 degree per second (for at least the last 20° before tyre lift‑off).
Part 3—Test quad bike set‑up
Part Part 6 - Consumer Goods (Quad Bikes) Safety Standard 2019 - Tilt test procedure | Zoe
3.1 The test quad bike is to be prepared to kerb mass, that is, all standard equipment fitted and vehicle fluids are to be filled to maximum capacity (engine oil, transmission and differential fluids, coolant, brakes and fuel).
3.2 The tyres are to be inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended pressures. Where more than one pressure is specified, the lowest pressure is to be used.
3.3 Adjustable suspension is to be set at the value specified at the dealer delivered configuration.
Part 4—Anthropomorphic test device
4.1 For Type I Category G and Category S and Type II, Category G quad bikes, use the 50 PAM H3 ATD, clothed in form‑fitting cotton clothing and shoes equivalent to those specified in US Military Standard MIL‑S‑13192: P: Shoes, Men’s, Dress, Oxford.
4.2 The ATD is to be secured to the seat so as to prevent independent movement.
4.3 The ATD pelvis is to remain parallel with the plane of the rider seat during tilting. Nominally, this is achieved by securing each leg downward toward the footrest. Hands are to be secured to the hand grips.
4.4 The ATD is to be positioned such that each hand is gripping the hand controls with the web of the hand in contact with the inner ridge of the hand grip. The arms are to be fully extended and the pelvis is to be centred laterally on the seat and located longitudinally such that the back angle (measured flat from the spine box) is vertical (±2.5°); the head roll angle is to be horizontal (±0.5°). The thighs are to be in contact with the fuel tank/cowling and the feet are to be positioned on the footrest with the leading edge of the heel in contact with the rear edge of the footrest.
4.5 The ATD pelvis angle and H point dimensions are to be recorded relative to the rear upper edge of the footrest (vertical (y) and horizontal (z) dimensions).
4.6 ATD limb joint stiffness is to be set at 1g.
Note: If the ATD cannot straddle the cowling, a pedestrian sit/stand pelvis may be required to be fitted to the device.
Part 5—Determination of centre of gravity position
5.1 Record the quad bike’s wheelbase and track width (front and rear). Check against the manufacturer’s documentation to confirm that the sample quad bike is within the manufacturer’s tolerances.
5.2 In test condition, weigh the quad bike on a flat, level surface to obtain the 4 individual wheel masses and calculate the quad bike’s longitudinal CoG and lateral CoG position.
Part 6—Tilt test procedure
Division 6.1—Lateral roll
6.1.1 Position the quad bike on the tilt table with each wheel centred on a load cell.
6.1.2 Quad bikes are to be tested facing in both directions, to account for offset CoG position where this occurs. Both results must be reported. The quad bike’s characteristic lateral roll stability result is to be the lower of the 2 results achieved from testing in both roll directions.
6.1.3 Align the quad bike so that a line passing through the outer edges of the 2 downhill tyres is parallel to the line of the tilt axis of the tilt table.
6.1.4 Set the steering mechanism in the straight ahead position.
6.1.5 Apply the park brake or park mechanism to stop the quad bike from rolling.
6.1.6 Affix 2 catch straps (of less than 1 kg mass) between the quad bike and the tilt table with sufficient slack to allow full decompression (extension) of the uphill suspension and minimal wheel lift at tip‑over.
6.1.7 Raise the tilt table until both uphill tyres have lost contact with the ground (that is, both uphill load cells show no load).
6.1.8 Record the tilt table angle at the moment of second uphill wheel lift (tip‑over).
6.1.9 Return the tilt table to the horizontal position.
6.1.10 The static rollover threshold of the vehicle in g’s of lateral acceleration (1g = acceleration due to gravity), referred to as the tilt table ratio (or TTR), is calculated as Tan of tilt platform angle at 2 wheel lift (Tan Ø). The TTR is approximately equal to the static stability factor (or SSF) with variation due to CoG displacement due to vehicle body roll and suspension articulation, compliance in steering and suspension joints and deformation of the wheels and tyres.
Division 6.2—Pitch
6.2.1 Type 1, Category G and Type II, Category G quad bikes are to be tested in both forward and rearward pitch directions.
6.2.2 Position the quad bike on the tilt table with each wheel centred on a load cell.
6.2.3 Align the quad bike so that a line passing through the centreline of the contact patches of the 2 downhill tyres is parallel to the line of the tilt axis of the tilt table.
6.2.4 Set the steering mechanism in the straight ahead position.
6.2.5 Apply the park brake or park mechanism, or fix the wheel or the brake assembly (if required) to stop the quad bike from rolling.
6.2.6 If the low side tyres slip on the load cell surface prior to uphill wheel lift, affix a ratchet strap over each low side wheel such that the line of action of the strap passes through the contact patch of the tyre and the axle centreline, whilst still allowing the tyre to roll about the contact patch when the vehicle tips.
6.2.7 Affix 2 catch straps (of less than 1 kg mass) between the vehicle and the tilt table with sufficient slack to allow full decompression (extension) of the uphill suspension and minimal wheel lift at tip‑over.
6.2.8 Raise the tilt table until both uphill tyres have lost contact with the ground (that is, both uphill load cells show no load).
6.2.9 Record the tilt table angle at the moment of second uphill wheel lift (tip‑over).
6.2.10 Return the tilt table to the horizontal position.
6.2.11 The static pitch‑over threshold of the vehicle in g’s of lateral acceleration (1g = acceleration due to gravity), referred to as the tilt table ratio (or TTR), is calculated as Tan of tilt table angle at 2 wheel lift (Tan Ø). The TTR is approximately equal to the static stability factor (or SSF) with variation due to CoG displacement due to vehicle body pitch and suspension articulation, compliance in steering and suspension joints and deformation of the wheels and tyres.
Part 7—Instrumentation
7.1 Four load cells with at least 700 kg load capacity and resolution of at least 0.5 kg.
7.2 Tilt angle sensor with a range of at least 80° and a resolution of at least 0.1°.
7.3 Data acquisition system acquisition rate of at least 100 samples per second (100Hz).