39.—(1.) Every candidate for a master’s foreign-going certificate shall be not less than 23 years of age, and shall have had seven years’ sea service in the foreign-going trade or the equivalent, viz., ten and a half years, in home trade or limited coast-trade ships.
(2.) Such period of sea service shall include—
(a) one year and six months in a capacity not lower than First Mate of a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate of grade not lower than that of First Mate of a foreign-going ship;
(b) two years in a capacity not lower than that of second of three watchkeeping officers, on a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship;
(c) two years and six months in a capacity not lower than third of three watchkeeping officers on a foreign-going ship, whilst holding a certificate of grade not lower than that of First Mate of a foreign-going ship;
(d) three years as Master of a home trade or limited coast-trade ship, during at least one year of which he shall have held a certificate of grade not lower than that of Second Mate of a foreign-going ship or Master of a limited coast-trade ship, sub-grade A;
(e) two years and three months in a capacity not lower than that of First or Only Mate of a home trade or limited coast-trade ship, whilst holding a certificate of grade not lower than that of First Mate of a foreign-going ship;
(f) where the length of the voyage between terminal ports of a limited coast-trade ship is not less than 500 miles, three years in a capacity not lower than that of second of three watchkeeping officers on such limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship; or
(g) where the length of the voyage between terminal ports of a limited coast-trade ship is not less than 500 miles, three years and nine months in a capacity not lower than that of third of three watchkeeping officers on such limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship.
(3.) A candidate who possesses or is entitled to a certificate of service as Master may be examined for a certificate of competency without producing any evidence of sea service.
Syllabus—Master (Foreign-going).
Every candidate for a foreign-going certificate as Master shall be examined in the following subjects:—
practical navigation. (3 hours.)
A short recapitulation paper in navigation on the syllabus for Second Mate and First Mate, which should include Chart Work.
* For the convenience of calculation the service required is stated in a tabular form in Appendix B.
(2.) Paper 2, (Written)—
meteorology. (2 hours.)
Ocean pilotage, i.e., general knowledge of winds and currents, and the selection of routes according to season. Icebergs, ice signals, and ice navigation.
To be able to plot observations of ships and coast stations, received by wireless, and to construct a simple weather chart. To understand the use of the observation of the change of the barometer by single and collective observations; and to make deductions as to probable changes of weather along the proposed track of his ship.
A general knowledge of the system of wireless weather signals (when one International system is brought about).
(3.) Paper 3. (Written)—
ship construction and stability. (8 hours.)
(a) The direction of simple ship repairs. Drawing up of simple specifications.
(b) A fuller knowledge of ship construction than in previous examinations. General structure—transverse and longitudinal girders; keels; stern frame, stem and rudder post; centre keelson; bilge and side keelsons; side stringers; tank margin, intercostals; transverse framing; shell plating; rudder propeller brackets, masts and derricks.
Classification of ships. Tonnage—measurement and registration, Freeboard.
Treatment of accidents and damage—collision, springing leaks.
Possible strains incurred by action of waves, improper loading or ballasting, &c.
Working of ship, division of loads.
(c) Stability diagrams and use of stability curves and information. Effect of beam and freeboard on stability. Practical operations to ensure ship stability at sea. Ship with a list. Management of ballast tanks. Effect of free liquid surfaces and risks of flooding hold spaces, filling and emptying tanks at sea. Suspended weights and shifting cargoes. Deck cargoes. Homogeneous cargoes. Ballasting. Effect of admission of water into interior of a ship. Flooded compartments. Stability and trim of a stranded ship. Trim—moment to change trim.
(4.) Paper 4. (Written)—
english. (2 hours.)
This paper will test the candidate’s ability to write clear and grammatical English, with good spelling and penmanship. It will be in no sense a test of technical or legal knowledge.
ship’s business. (2 hours.)
(The legal information required will not go beyond the outline of Mercantile Law which the shipmaster must know for practical purposes.)
(a) The official log and reports on exceptional entries.
(b) A shipmaster’s knowledge of the law relating to:—
(1.) Engagement, discharge and management of a ship’s crew. Ship’s articles of agreement. Discipline and treatment of offences. Wages and other remuneration. Food and accommodation. Entering and clearing the ship. National Insurance of crew.
(2.) Tonnage, lifesaving appliances, salvage and assistance and, in general, the safety of ship, crew and passengers.
(3.) Loadline marks and entries and reports to be made respecting them. Surveys required by law.
(4.) Hygiene of ships, living spaces, holds, &c. Water. Fresh and preserved food. Infectious diseases. The law relating to them and the procedure on board in such cases. Quarantine procedure. Recognition and simple treatment of common illness, e.g., fevers, &c. [See the Ship Captain’s Medical Guide.]
(5.) The carriage of emigrants.
(c) A simple knowledge of the law relating to cargo, including a knowledge of shipowners’ liabilities in carriage of cargo.
(d) A general knowledge of shipping business and documents—charter parties, bills of lading, &c. A knowledge of average—general and particular. Flotsam and jetsam.
magnetic compass. (2 hours.)
Proofs of formulae not required.
(a) Terrestrial magnetism.—Variation. Local attraction. Horizontal force and its varying strength in different parts of the globe with the effect of its change upon deviation.
(b) Properties of magnets.—Meaning of the terms “Hard” and “Soft” Iron. Effect of magnets on a compass needle under varying conditions. Precautions with regard to electric lighting leads and other electric fields. Sub-permanent magnetism and its effects at sea.
(c) Compass compensation.—Methods of swinging ship to obtain a deviation table. Use of curves of deviation. Constant semicircular and quadrantal deviation. To analyse a table of deviation, obtaining and explaining the approximate co-efficients A, B, C, D, E. General principle of compass correction and the method of correction of B, C and D.
(d) Heeling error.—The nature of the deviation caused and the effect on a ship with a list and when rolling. Method of correction.
(e) A candidate may be required, at some stage in the examination, to carry out certain practical operations of correction on a compass in a binnacle, and/or to construct a deviation table for that compass.
(7.) Paper 7. (Written)—
engineering knowledge (including carriage of refrigerated cargoes). (3 hours.)
(The requirements will not go beyond the knowledge that could be obtained by a deck officer who takes an intelligent interest in the machinery of the ship and supplements by a little reading what he has learnt in this way.)
(a) The meaning of general engineering terms, e.g. horse power, slip and pitch of propeller, link, latent heat of steam, superheated steam, &c.
A general knowledge of a marine boiler and furnaces, and the procedure for raising steam. The general action of a reciprocating steam engine. Principle of the condenser. Distribution of steam from boiler to engines—valves and pipelines. Admission to engine —slide valves, eccentrics, expansion link. Starting gear. Simple description (without detail) of various parts of engines and boilers —e.g. connecting rod, crank, piston and rings, packing of piston rods, relief valves and cylinder drains, line shafting, couplings, tail shaft, stern tube and packing. Auxiliaries and their uses—circulating pump, air pump, feed pump, bilge pump. Action of propeller. Thrust block. Attachment of propeller to shaft.
Oil fired furnaces and use of oil fuel. A simple knowledge of turbine machinery and of Diesel engines. Warming up and turning engines. Stopping and going astern—how done. A knowledge of what is required in the engine room on the receipt of manœuvring orders from the bridge. Fuel consumption and economical speeds, Power and speed curves. Effect of alterations of speed on fuel consumption and estimation of adequacy of fuel to complete a given voyage.
(b) An elementary knowledge of refrigeration on board ship. Types of refrigeration on board ships. Types of refrigeration employed in special cases. Stowage and general handling of refrigerated cargoes.
(8.) Oral portion—
1.—(a) Exceptional circumstances—loss of rudder; shifting a damaged rudder. Construction of jury rudders. Making and launching of rafts. Collision. Leaks. Damage of all kinds. Running repairs and precautions in case of accidents. Grounding —methods of refloating. Beaching a vessel. Steps to be taken when disabled and in distress.
(b) Preservation of crew and passengers in the event of wreck. Abandoning a wrecked ship. Rockets and rocket apparatus. Communications with the shore.
(c) Assisting a vessel in distress. Rescuing crew of a disabled ship.
(d) Towing and being towed.
(e) Bad weather manœuvres. Precautions at anchor and at sea. Use of oil.
Anchoring and working anchors and cables in all circumstances. Approaching rivers and harbours and manœuvring in them.
guarding of cargo.
(f) Drydocking. General procedure and precautions to be observed. Distribution of weight. Drydocking with full cargo for inspection of propellers or shafting. Bilge beds. Leaving the vessel water borne. Putting into port with damage to ship and/or cargo, both from business and technical points of view. Safe-
(g) Prevention of fire at sea. Spontaneous combustion of fuel cargoes. Full knowledge of the use of fire extinguishing appliances and precautions to be observed in cases of danger to life. Special reference to extinguishing of oil fuel fires.
(h) Methods of fumigating holds and living spaces and safeguards in applying them.
(i) General organization of ship’s work and handling of crew.
2.—Regulations for prevention of collisions at sea, &c.
In accordance with the requirements of Section 5 (Oral) of paragraph (7.) of regulation 35.
3.—Signals.
In accordance with the requirements of Section 6 (Oral), of paragraph (7.) of regulation 35.
4.—The examiner may ask the candidate questions arising out of the written work, if he deems it necessary on account of weakness shown by the candidate.
Division Div 4 - Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations - Master (Foreign-going). | Zoe