An Act relating to Broadcasting, and for other purposes
Part 1—Preliminary
1 Short title [see Note 1]
This Act may be cited as the Broadcasting Act 1942.
4 Interpretation
(1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:
Australia includes the Territories.
election includes a by‑election (other than a by‑election for a local government authority of a State or a Territory).
election period means:
(a) in relation to an election to the Legislative Council of the State of Tasmania, or an ordinary election to the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory—the period that starts 33 days before the polling day for the election and ends at the close of the poll on that day; and
(b) in relation to any other election to a Parliament—the period that starts on:
(i) the day on which the proposed polling day for the election is publicly announced; or
(ii) the day on which the writs for the election are issued;
whichever happens first, and ends at the close of the poll on the polling day for the election; and
(c) in relation to an election to a local government authority—the period that starts 33 days before the polling day for the election and ends at the close of the poll on that day; and
(d) in relation to a referendum whose voting day is the same as the polling day for an election to the Parliament of the Commonwealth—the period that is the same as the election period in relation to that election; and
(e) in relation to any other referendum—the period that starts 33 days before the voting day for the referendum and ends at the close of voting on that day.
exempt matter means any of the following:
(a) matter directly relating to warnings of impending natural disasters or military or civil disorders;
(b) matter relating to measures (including relief measures) taken to deal with such disasters or disorders and with their consequences;
(c) matter provided by the authorities responsible for the conduct of an election to a Parliament or a local government authority, or of a referendum, including material relating to the procedures and polling places for the election or referendum and the promotion of participation in the election or referendum;
(d) advertisements of goods and services offered for sale by or on behalf of:
(i) the government, or a government authority, of the Commonwealth; or
(ii) the government, or a government authority, of a Territory; or
Part Part IIID - Broadcasting Act 1942 - Political broadcasts | Zoe
(iii) the government, or a government authority, of a State;
being advertisements that do not contain a political reference;
(e) advertisements relating to vacant positions or calling for expressions of interest in appointment to public offices;
(f) advertisements calling for tenders;
(g) announcements of the kind mentioned in paragraph 31(2)(a) of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983, or announcements carried by the Service relating to any activity or proposed activity of the Service;
(h) announcements relating to any public inquiry or public hearing conducted under a law of the Commonwealth, or of a State or Territory;
(i) any notice or announcement required to be broadcast by or under any law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory, other than a prescribed notice or announcement.
government authority means:
(a) in relation to the Commonwealth:
(i) a Department of State of the Commonwealth; or
(ii) any other authority or body (whether incorporated or not) that is established for a public purpose by the Commonwealth, regardless of the way in which the authority or body is so established; and
(b) in relation to a State or Territory:
(i) a Department of State of the State or Territory; or
(ii) a local government authority of the State or Territory; or
(iii) any other authority or body (whether incorporated or not) that is established for a public purpose by the State or Territory, regardless of the way in which the authority or body is so established.
legislature of a Territory means:
(a) the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory; or
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory; or
(c) such other Territory legislative bodies (if any) as are prescribed.
ordinary election, in relation to the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory, has the same meaning as in the Australian Capital Territory (Electoral) Act 1988.
Parliament means:
(a) the Parliament of the Commonwealth; or
(b) a State Parliament; or
(c) a legislature of a Territory;
policy launch, in relation to a political party, means a single spoken or written statement of all or any of the party's policies, whether or not the statement is accompanied by other incidental matter.
political party means an organisation whose objects or activities include the promotion of the election of a candidate or candidates endorsed by it to a Parliament.
political reference means material comprising an express or implicit reference to, or comment on, any of the following:
(a) an election to the Parliament of the Commonwealth or of a State, or to the legislature of a Territory, or to a local government authority of a State or Territory, including any such election that might be held in the future;
(b) the government or the opposition, or a previous government or opposition, of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory;
(c) a member of the Parliament of the Commonwealth or of a State, or of the legislature of a Territory;
(d) a political party, or a branch or division of a political party;
(e) a candidate or group of candidates in an election referred to in paragraph (a);
(f) an issue submitted or otherwise before, or likely to be submitted or otherwise before, electors in such an election.
program includes advertisement and any other matter.
referendum means the submission to the electors of a proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution, whether or not the proposal to make the submission has been announced.
SBS means the body corporate preserved and continued in existence as the Special Broadcasting Service Corporation under section 5 of the Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991.
Senate election has the same meaning as in the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918.
the Corporation means the Australian Broadcasting Corporation constituted under the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983.
(4) For the purposes of this Act, an area shall be taken to overlap another area if the first‑mentioned area is wholly or partly co‑extensive with, or is within, the other area.
6 Application to the Territories
The provisions of this Act shall extend to the Territories.
Part IIID—Political broadcasts
Division 1—Introductory
95 Application and operation
(1) This Part applies to a licensee whether the licence or permit held by the licensee was granted before or after the commencement of this Part.
(2) It is the intention of the Parliament that the several provisions of this Part should operate to the extent to which they are capable of validly operating.
Division 2—Political advertisements etc.
95A Certain broadcasts not prevented
(1) Nothing in this Part prevents a broadcaster from broadcasting:
(a) an item of news or current affairs, or a comment on any such item; or
(b) a talkback radio program.
(2) Nothing in this Part prevents the holder of a public radio licence who provides a service for visually handicapped persons from broadcasting any material that he or she is permitted to broadcast under section 119AB.
(3) Nothing in this Part prevents a broadcaster from broadcasting an advertisement for, or on behalf of, a charitable organisation if:
(a) the advertisement is aimed at promoting the objects of the organisation; and
(b) the advertisement does not explicitly advocate voting for or against a candidate in an election or a political party.
(4) Nothing in this Part prevents a broadcaster from broadcasting public health matter, whether by way of advertisement or otherwise.
(5) In this section:
charitable organisation means a public organisation whose objects are to benefit the public through the relief of poverty, or the advancement of education, religion, public health or science.
public health matter means any matter relating to public health, other than matter that:
(a) directly or indirectly promotes or criticises a particular public health system; or
(b) explicitly advocates voting for or against a candidate in an election or a political party.
95B Certain matter not to be broadcast during Commonwealth elections etc.
(1) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election or a referendum, broadcast any matter (other than exempt matter) for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of the Commonwealth.
(2) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election or a referendum, broadcast a political advertisement for or on behalf of a government, or a government authority, of a Territory.
(3) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election or a referendum, broadcast a political advertisement for or on behalf of a government, or a government authority, of a State.
(4) Subject to Divisions 3 and 4, a broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election or a referendum, broadcast a political advertisement:
(a) for or on behalf of a person other than a government or government authority; or
(b) on his or her own behalf.
(5) Where the election concerned is a by‑election, this section is taken to apply only to broadcasting:
(a) in the case of a broadcast made as part of a broadcasting service without a service area—to the area in which the relevant electoral district, or any part of it, overlaps with the area in which the broadcasting service is normally received; and
(b) in the case of a broadcast made as part of a broadcasting service with a service area—to the area in which the relevant electoral district, or any part of it, overlaps with the service area.
(6) In this section:
election means an election to the Parliament of the Commonwealth.
political advertisement means an advertisement that contains political matter.
political matter means:
(a) matter intended or likely to affect voting in the election or referendum concerned; or
(b) matter containing prescribed material;
but does not include exempt matter.
prescribed material means material containing an express or implicit reference to, or comment on, any of the following:
(a) the election or referendum concerned;
(b) a candidate or group of candidates in that election;
(c) an issue submitted or otherwise before electors in that election;
(d) the government, the opposition, or a previous government or opposition, of the Commonwealth;
(e) a member of the Parliament of the Commonwealth;
(f) a political party, or a branch or division of a political party.
95C Certain matter not to be broadcast during Territory elections
(1) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election to the legislature, or to a local government authority, of a Territory, broadcast any matter (other than exempt matter) for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of that Territory.
(2) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election to the legislature, or to a local government authority, of a Territory, broadcast a political advertisement for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of another Territory.
(3) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election to the legislature, or to a local government authority, of a Territory, broadcast a political advertisement for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of the Commonwealth.
(4) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election to the legislature, or to a local government authority, of a Territory, broadcast a political advertisement for or on behalf of a government, or a government authority, of a State.
(5) Subject to Divisions 3 and 4, a broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election to the legislature, or to a local government authority, of a Territory, broadcast a political advertisement:
(a) for or on behalf of a person other than a government or government authority;
(b) on his or her own behalf.
(6) Where the election concerned is a by‑election, this section is taken to apply only to broadcasting:
(a) in the case of a broadcast made as part of a broadcasting service without a service area—to the area in which the relevant electoral district, or any part of it, overlaps with the area in which the broadcasting service is normally received; and
(b) in the case of a broadcast made as part of a broadcasting service with a service area—to the area in which the relevant electoral district, or any part of it overlaps with the service area.
(7) In this section:
political advertisement means an advertisement containing political matter.
political matter means:
(a) matter intended or likely to affect voting in the election concerned; or
(b) matter containing prescribed material;
but does not include exempt matter.
prescribed material means material containing an express or implicit reference to, or comment on, any of the following:
(a) the election concerned;
(b) a candidate or group of candidates in that election;
(c) an issue submitted or otherwise before electors in that election;
(d) the government, the opposition, or a previous government or opposition, of the Territory in which that election is held;
(e) a member of the legislature of that Territory;
(f) a political party, or a branch or division of a political party.
95D Political advertisements not to be broadcast during State elections
(1) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election, broadcast a political advertisement for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of the Commonwealth.
(2) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election, broadcast a political advertisement for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of a Territory.
(3) A broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election, broadcast a political advertisement for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of a State.
(4) Subject to Divisions 3 and 4, a broadcaster must not, during the election period in relation to an election, broadcast a political advertisement:
(a) for or on behalf of a person other than a government or government authority; or
(b) on his or her own behalf.
(5) Where the election concerned is a by‑election, this section is taken to apply only to broadcasting:
(a) in the case of a broadcast made as part of a broadcasting service without a service area—to the area in which the relevant electoral district, or any part of it, overlaps with the area in which the broadcasting service is normally received; and
(b) in the case of a broadcast made as part of a broadcasting service with a service area—to the area in which the relevant electoral district, or any part of it overlaps with the service area.
(6) In this section, unless the contrary intention appears:
election means an election to a State Parliament or to a local government authority of a State.
political advertisement means an advertisement containing political matter.
political matter means:
(a) matter intended or likely to affect voting in the election concerned; or
(b) matter containing prescribed material;
but does not include exempt matter.
prescribed material means material containing an express or implicit reference to, or comment on, any of the following:
(a) the election concerned;
(b) a candidate or group of candidates in that election;
(c) an issue submitted or otherwise before electors in that election;
(d) the government, the opposition, or a previous government or opposition, of the State in which that election is held;
(e) a member of the Parliament of that State;
(f) a political party, or a branch or division of a political party.
95E Some matter not to be broadcast during certain other periods
(1) If, when a prescribed day in relation to the Parliament of the Commonwealth occurs, it does not do so during the election period in relation to an election to the Parliament, a broadcaster must not broadcast any matter (other than exempt matter) for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of the Commonwealth during the period that starts on that day and ends immediately before the next election period starts.
(2) If, when a prescribed day in relation to the legislature of a Territory (other than the Australian Capital Territory) occurs, it does not do so during the election period in relation to an election to the legislature, a broadcaster must not broadcast any matter (other than exempt matter) for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of that Territory during the period that starts on that day and ends immediately before the next election period starts.
(3) A broadcaster must not broadcast any matter (other than exempt matter) for or on behalf of the government, or a government authority, of the Australian Capital Territory during the period that:
(a) starts 3 calendar months before the day on which the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory is next due to expire; and
(b) ends immediately before the start of the election period in relation to the next ordinary election to the Legislative Assembly.
(4) In this section:
election does not include a by‑election.
prescribed day means:
(a) in relation to the Parliament of the Commonwealth—the day that occurs 3 calendar months before the day on which the House of Representatives is next due to expire; and
(b) in relation to the legislature of a Territory—the day that occurs 3 calendar months before the day on which the legislature is next due to expire.
Division 3—Free election broadcasting time
95F Application of Division to radio broadcasts
(1) Nothing in this Division is to be treated as requiring or permitting the Service or a licensee to broadcast an election broadcast by radio.
(2) Nothing in this Division is to be treated as requiring the Corporation to broadcast an election broadcast by radio other than on its metropolitan and regional AM networks.
(3) Despite section 95G, the Corporation may broadcast by radio a broadcast that complies with paragraphs 95G(a) to (e), inclusive, but which lasts for longer than 1 minute, and any such broadcast is taken to be an election broadcast for the purposes of this Division.
(4) Despite anything in this Division, the Corporation may determine the times when it broadcasts election broadcasts by radio.
95G Election broadcasts
Subject to section 95F, a broadcast made on behalf of a political party, a candidate or a group in relation to an election is, for the purposes of this Division, taken to be an election broadcast if, and only if:
(a) the broadcast is of an advertisement that consists of words spoken by a single speaker (without dramatic enactment or impersonation) accompanied, where the advertisement is televised, by a transmitted image that consists of the head and shoulders of the speaker; and
(b) the broadcast does not include any other image, or includes a single additional static background image only; and
(c) no other vocal sounds are included in the broadcast; and
(d) the speaker is a candidate in the election or a member of the Parliament of the Commonwealth or a State, or of a legislature of a Territory; and
(e) if section 117 applies—the required particulars within the meaning of that section are announced by the person who speaks the words of the advertisement; and
(f) the broadcast lasts for:
(i) in the case of a televised broadcast—2 minutes; and
(ii) in the case of a broadcast by radio—1 minute; and
(g) the broadcast is made using a unit of free time allocated to the broadcaster under section 95P.
95H Automatic grant of free time to certain parties
(1) The Tribunal must, within the prescribed period in relation to an election, grant a period of free time to each political party that:
(a) was represented by one or more members in the relevant Parliament or legislature immediately before the end of the last sittings of that Parliament or legislature held before the election; and
(b) is contesting the election with at least the prescribed number of candidates.
(2) The total free time period to be granted to political parties under subsection (1) is the period equal to 90% of the total time in respect of the election, and the Tribunal must grant each of those parties such part of that total free time period as it determines in accordance with the regulations.
(3) Regulations made for the purposes of subsection (2) must, so far as is practicable, give effect to the principle that the amount of free time granted to each party should bear the same proportion to the total free time period mentioned in that subsection as the number of formal first preference votes obtained by that party or its candidates at the last election to the relevant Parliament or legislature bears to the total number of such votes obtained by all of the parties mentioned in subsection (1) or their candidates at that last election.
(4) In this section:
election means an election (other than a by‑election) to:
(a) the Parliament of the Commonwealth; or
(b) the legislature of a Territory; or
(c) a State Parliament.
total time, in relation to an election, means the total free time available in respect of the election, being a time worked out in accordance with the regulations.
95J Regulations for the purposes of section 95H
This Part does not apply in relation to an election to the Parliament of the Commonwealth or of a State, or in relation to an election to the legislature of a Territory until regulations are made for the purposes of section 95H that relate to that election.
95K Applications for grant of free time
(1) The chief executive officer of a political party (other than a political party to which section 95H applies), or any other person or group of persons, may apply to the Tribunal for a grant of free time in relation to an election (other than a by‑election) to:
(a) the Parliament of the Commonwealth; or
(b) the legislature of a Territory; or
(c) a State Parliament.
(2) An application must be in the approved form and made in accordance with the regulations.
95L Grant of free time on applications in relation to Senate elections
(1) If, on receipt of an application by a person for a grant of free time in relation to a Senate election, the Tribunal is satisfied that:
(a) the person is a candidate in the election; and
(b) the person was a member of the Senate immediately before the end of the last sittings of the Senate held before the election; and
(c) the person is not a member of a political party to whom a grant of free time has been made under section 95H;
the tribunal must grant the person a period of free time.
(2) The period to be granted to a person under this section is a period determined by the Tribunal in accordance with the regulations, being a period equal to not less than 5% of the total time in respect of the election nor more than 10% of that total time.
(3) If the Tribunal is required under this section to grant a period of free time to 2 or more persons, the Tribunal must divide the period determined under subsection (2) between them in accordance with the regulations.
(4) In this section:
total time has the same meaning as in section 95H.
95M Grant of free time on other applications
(1) If, on receipt of an application for the grant to a political party of a period of free time in relation to an election, the Tribunal is satisfied that the party has endorsed one or more candidates to contest the election, the Tribunal may, subject to the regulations, grant the party a period of free time determined in accordance with the regulations.
(2) If, on receipt of an application for the grant to a person or a group of persons (other than a person or persons to whom section 95L applies) of a period of free time in relation to an election, the Tribunal is satisfied that the person, or each of the persons, is a candidate in the election, the Tribunal may grant the person or group a period of free time in accordance with the regulations.
95N Notification of grants
(1) The Tribunal must, in accordance with the regulations, notify:
(a) the chief executive officer of each political party to which a period of free time has been granted; and
(b) every other person to whom such a period has been granted;
of the period so granted.
(2) If the Tribunal refuses to grant an application under section 95L or 95M, the Tribunal must, in accordance with the regulations, notify the applicant accordingly and specify its reasons for refusing the application.
(3) The Tribunal must cause a notice to be published in the Gazette specifying:
(a) the political parties and persons to whom a period of free time has been granted; and
(b) the period that has been granted to each of them.
95P Allocation to broadcasters
(1) The Tribunal must divide each period of free time granted under this Division into units of free time in accordance with the regulations.
(2) If the division of a period of free time granted to a political party, person or group under this Division results in a number of whole units and part of a unit, the Tribunal must, in accordance with the regulations, distribute that part of a unit to or between any other political parties, persons or groups granted a period of free time under this Division.
(3) The Tribunal must, in accordance with the regulations, allocate units of free time to broadcasters.
95Q Broadcasting of election broadcasts
(1) Subject to this section, where one or more units of free time are allocated to a broadcaster under section 95P, the broadcaster must make the unit or units available for use in making one or more election broadcasts during the election period for the election on behalf of the political party, person or group to whom the time is granted.
(2) Subject to this section, the broadcaster must use the units in accordance with the regulations and any guidelines determined by the Tribunal.
(3) A broadcaster must not make an election broadcast in relation to an election before the close of nominations for the election.
(4) Subject to this section, a broadcaster must make, during the election period in relation to an election, at least:
(a) in the case of an election to the Parliament of the Commonwealth—3 election broadcasts by television on each day on which the broadcaster is required to use units of free time allocated to it to make an election broadcast; and
(b) in the case of an election to the legislature of a Territory—the prescribed number of election broadcasts by television on each such day; and
(c) in the case of an election to a State Parliament—2 election broadcasts by television on each such day.
(5) A broadcaster who is required to make an election broadcast must do so free of charge.
(6) A broadcaster is not required to make a unit or units of free time available under subsection (1):
(a) if the political party, person or group to whom the time is granted notifies the broadcaster that he, she or it does not intend to use the time; or
(b) in the prescribed circumstances.
(7) A licensee who is required to make an election broadcast is entitled to such additional broadcasting time, for the purpose of broadcasting other material, as is determined in accordance with the regulations.
95R Appeals
If the Tribunal makes a decision refusing an application under section 95L or 95M for the grant of free time to a political party, person or group of persons, the party, person or persons may appeal to the Federal Court of Australia against the decision.
Division 4—Policy launches
95S Broadcasting policy launches
(1) Where:
(a) a political party has endorsed one or more candidates for the purposes of an election to the Parliament of the Commonwealth or to a legislature of a Territory; and
(b) the political party is represented by one or more members of that Parliament or legislature, or was so represented during the last sittings of the Parliament or legislature held before the election; and
(c) the party's chief executive officer, by written request, asks a broadcaster to broadcast the party’s policy launch in relation to the election;
the broadcaster may broadcast that policy launch once during the election period in relation to the election.
(2) Where:
(a) a political party has endorsed one or more candidates for the purposes of an election to a State Parliament; and
(b) the political party is represented by one or more members of that Parliament, or was so represented during the last sittings of the Parliament held before the election; and
(c) the party's chief executive officer, by written request, asks a broadcaster to broadcast the party’s policy launch in relation to the election;
the broadcaster may broadcast that policy launch once during the election period in relation to the election.
(3) If a broadcaster broadcasts the policy launch of a political party in relation to an election, the broadcaster must give a reasonable opportunity to every other political party that:
(a) has endorsed one or more candidates for the purposes of the election; and
(b) is represented by one or more members of the relevant Parliament, or was so represented during the last sittings of the Parliament held before the election;
for the broadcasting of the party’s policy launch.
(4) A broadcast under this section must be made free of charge and must not last for longer than 30 minutes.
(5) A broadcaster must not broadcast a political party’s policy launch in relation to an election more than once.
(6) A broadcaster must not broadcast a political party’s policy launch in relation to an election otherwise than under this section.
(7) This section does not prevent the broadcasting of an excerpt of reasonable length from a political party’s policy launch as part of a news report or current affairs program even if the policy launch has been previously broadcast under this section.
(8) In this section:
election does not include a by‑election;
political party does not include a State branch or a local branch of a political party.
Division 5—Miscellaneous
95T Tribunal to consider certain applications, complaints etc. immediately
Where an application is made to the Tribunal, or the Tribunal receives a complaint or information, about a contravention, or an alleged contravention, of section 95B, 95C, 95D, 95E or 95S, the Tribunal must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the application, complaint or information is considered and dealt with immediately.
95U Powers of Federal Court of Australia
(1) On application by the Tribunal, the Federal Court of Australia may make such orders as it thinks necessary or expedient for the purpose of preventing, or preventing a repetition of, a contravention of section 95B, 95C, 95D, 95E or 95S.
(2) An order may be made under subsection (1) whether or not any other proceedings have been or are to be instituted.
(3) The Court may, if it thinks fit, grant an interim order pending the determination of an application under subsection (1).
(4) In addition to its other powers under this section, the Court may:
(a) for the purpose of securing compliance with any other order under this section, make an order directing a person to do, or not to do, a specified act; and
(b) make such ancillary or consequential orders as the Court thinks just.
(5) The Court may, by order, rescind, vary, suspend the operation of, or discharge an order under this section.
134 Regulations
(1) The Governor‑General may make regulations, not inconsistent with this Act, prescribing all matters required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed, or necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act and, in particular, for:
(a) prescribing matters relating to the making of, and the terms and conditions that may be included in, agreements or arrangements for or in connection with rights to the use of any material or matter in broadcast programs or for or in connection with the broadcasting of advertisements, being agreements or arrangements between persons each of whom is either a licensee or a person having a prescribed relationship with a licensee;
(b) regulating or restricting the relaying, by holders of licences of a particular category of licence, of programs of holders of other licences of the same category;
(ba) the establishment and constitution of a Broadcasting Council for the purposes of subsection 125D(2);
(c) imposing on licensees and persons having a prescribed relationship with such licensees obligations and restrictions in relation to matters affecting other licensees and, in particular, in relation to matters affecting the availability of program rights or material to other licensees; and
(d) empowering the Minister, upon the recommendation of the Tribunal, to direct a person (including the holder of a television licence) to grant rights to the use of any material or matter in televised programs to the holder of a television licence in accordance with the direction and upon terms specified in the direction, and dealing with matters incidental to such directions.
(1A) The regulations may provide, in respect of an offence against the regulations, for the imposition of a fine not exceeding $1,000.
(2) The regulations empowering the giving of a direction referred to in paragraph (1)(d) shall make provision for:
(a) conferring on every person affected by such a direction a right to have the direction reviewed by the Federal Court of Australia upon the ground that:
(i) he has a reasonable ground of objection to the granting of the rights referred to in the direction; or
(ii) the terms specified in the direction are not just and reasonable, or on both those grounds; and
(b) empowering the Court, upon such a review, to quash or vary the direction.
(2A) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the regulations may make provision for and in relation to inquiries, or any matter relating to inquiries, and in particular for and in relation to:
(a) the extension of time limits under this Act for the lodgement of inquiry documents; and
(b) fees for the provision by the Tribunal of copies of inquiry documents.
(3) Jurisdiction is, by this Act, conferred on the Federal Court of Australia to hear and determine proceedings on a review under the regulations, and that jurisdiction may be exercised by such number of judges as the regulations provide.
(4) In this section:
(a) a reference to an inquiry document is a reference to:
(i) an application under this Act requesting the Tribunal to exercise any of its powers under this Act; or
(ii) a submission or other document in relation to an application referred to in subparagraph (i) or in connection with an inquiry;
(b) a reference to a licensee includes a reference to the holder of a permit; and
(c) a reference to a licence includes a reference to a permit.