Schedule 4Key threatening processes

# Schedule 4 Key threatening processes Schedule 4 Key threatening processes (Section 4.31) Aggressive exclusion of birds from woodland and forest habitat by abundant Noisy Miners, *Manorina melanocephala* (Latham, 1802) Alteration of habitat following subsidence due to longwall mining Alteration to the natural flow regimes of rivers and streams and their floodplains and wetlands (as described in the final determination of the Scientific Committee to list the threatening process) Anthropogenic Climate Change Bushrock removal (as described in the final determination of the Scientific Committee to list the threatening process) Clearing of native vegetation (as defined and described in the final determination of the Scientific Committee to list the key threatening process) Competition and grazing by the feral European Rabbit, *Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)* Competition and habitat degradation by Feral Goats, *Capra hircus* Linnaeus 1758 Competition from feral honey bees, *Apis mellifera* L. Death or injury to marine species following capture in shark control programs on ocean beaches (as described in the final determination of the Scientific Committee to list the key threatening process) Entanglement in or ingestion of anthropogenic debris in marine and estuarine environments (as described in the final determination of the Scientific Committee to list the key threatening process) Forest eucalypt dieback associated with over-abundant psyllids and Bell Miners Habitat degradation and loss by Feral Horses (brumbies, wild horses), *Equus caballus* Linnaeus 1758 Herbivory and environmental degradation caused by feral deer High frequency fire resulting in the disruption of life cycle processes in plants and animals and loss of vegetation structure and composition Importation of Red Imported Fire Ants *Solenopsis invicta* Buren 1972 Infection by Psittacine Circoviral (beak and feather) Disease affecting endangered psittacine species and populations Infection of frogs by amphibian chytrid causing the disease chytridiomycosis Infection of native plants by *Phytophthora cinnamomi* Introduction and establishment of Exotic Rust Fungi of the order Pucciniales pathogenic on plants of the family Myrtaceae Introduction of the Large Earth Bumblebee *Bombus terrestris* (L.) Invasion and establishment of exotic vines and scramblers Invasion and establishment of Scotch Broom (*Cytisus scoparius*) Invasion and establishment of the Cane Toad (*Bufo marinus*) Invasion, establishment and spread of Lantana (*Lantana camara* L. *sens. lat*) Invasion of native plant communities by African Olive *Olea europaea* subsp. *cuspidata* (Wall. ex G. Don) Cif. Invasion of native plant communities by *Chrysanthemoides monilifera* Invasion of native plant communities by exotic perennial grasses Invasion of the Yellow Crazy Ant, *Anoplolepis gracilipes* (Fr. Smith) into NSW Loss and degradation of native plant and animal habitat by invasion of escaped garden plants, including aquatic plants Loss of hollow-bearing trees Loss or degradation (or both) of sites used for hill-topping by butterflies Predation and hybridisation by Feral Dogs, *Canis lupus familiaris* Predation by *Gambusia holbrooki* Girard, 1859 (Plague Minnow or Mosquito Fish) (as described in the final determination of the Scientific Committee to list the threatening process) Predation by the European Red Fox *Vulpes vulpes* (Linnaeus, 1758) Predation by the Feral Cat *Felis catus* (Linnaeus, 1758) Predation by the Ship Rat *Rattus rattus* on Lord Howe Island Predation, habitat degradation, competition and disease transmission by Feral Pigs, *Sus scrofa* Linnaeus 1758 Removal of dead wood and dead trees **sch 4:** Am 2018 (683).